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oracle常用经典sql查询

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oracle常用经典sql查询oracle常用经典SQL查询 常用SQL查询:   1、查看表空间的名称及大小   select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name;   2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小   select...

oracle常用经典sql查询
oracle常用经典SQL查询 常用SQL查询:   1、查看表空间的名称及大小   select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name;   2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小   select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name;   3、查看回滚段名称及大小   select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtent From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) order by segment_name;   4、查看控制文件   select name from v$controlfile;   5、查看日志文件   select member from v$logfile;   6、查看表空间的使用情况   select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;   SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE" FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;   7、查看数据库库对象   select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;   8、查看数据库的版本    Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';   9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式   Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;   10、捕捉运行很久的SQL   column username format a12 column opname format a16 column progress format a8   select username,sid,opname, round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress, time_remaining,sql_text from v$session_longops , v$sql where time_remaining <> 0 and sql_address = address and sql_hash_value = hash_value / 11。查看数据表的参数信息 SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name, pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent, next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS, freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks, empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size, last_analyzed FROM dba_tab_partitions --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner ORDER BY partition_position   12.查看还没提交的事务 select * from v$locked_object; select * from v$transaction;   13。查找object为哪些进程所用 select p.spid, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num, s.username user_name, a.type object_type, s.osuser os_user_name, a.owner, a.object object_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.status session_status from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p where s.paddr = p.addr and s.type = 'USER' and a.sid = s.sid and a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR' order by s.username, s.osuser   14。回滚段查看 select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum   15。耗资源的进程(top session) select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num, nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL' or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc   16。查看锁(lock)情况 select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name, decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX', 'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type, o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null) lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2 from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type, l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s, v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner <> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name   17。查看等待(wait)情况 SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count   18。查看sga情况 SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC   19。查看catched object SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace, type, sharable_mem, loads, executions, locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache 20。查看V$SQLAREA SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS, BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA   21。查看object分类数量 select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select 'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from   22。按用户查看object种类 select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes, sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL)) clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1)) others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# = o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$   23。有关connection的相关信息 1)查看有哪些用户连接 select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query, 0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER' order by s.username, s.osuser 2)根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况 select n.name, v.value, n.class, n.statistic# from v$statname n, v$sesstat v where v.sid = 71 and v.statistic# = n.statistic# order by n.class, n.statistic# 3)根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */ command_type, sql_text, sharable_mem, persistent_mem, runtime_mem, sorts, version_count, loaded_versions, open_versions, users_opening, executions, users_executing, loads, first_load_time, invalidations, parse_calls, disk_reads, buffer_gets, rows_processed, sysdate start_time, sysdate finish_time, '>' || address sql_address, 'N' status from v$sqlarea where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)   24.查询表空间使用情况 select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称", 100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)", round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)", round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)", round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)", Largest "最大扩展段(M)", to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间" from (select f.tablespace_name, sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc, sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes from dba_data_files f group by tablespace_name) a, (select f.tablespace_name, sum(f.bytes) bytes_free from dba_free_space f group by tablespace_name) b, (select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest, ts.name tablespace_name from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts# group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name   25. 查询表空间的碎片程度   select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name having count(tablespace_name)>10;   alter tablespace name coalesce; alter table name deallocate unused;   create or replace view ts_blocks_v as select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space union all select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;   select * from ts_blocks_v;   select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;   26。查询有哪些数据库实例在运行 select inst_name from v$active_instances;   =========================================================== ######### 创建数据库----look $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/buildall.sql #############   create database db01 maxlogfiles 10 maxdatafiles 1024 maxinstances 2 logfile GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_01_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_02_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_03_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, datafile 'u01/oradata/db01/system_01_db01.dbf') SIZE 100M, undo tablespace UNDO datafile '/u01/oradata/db01/undo_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 40M default temporary tablespace TEMP tempfile '/u01/oradata/db01/temp_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 20M extent management local uniform size 128k character set AL32UTE8 national character set AL16UTF16 set time_zone='America/New_York';   ############### 数据字典 ##########   set wrap off   select * from v$dba_users;   grant select on table_name to user/rule;   select * from user_tables;   select * from all_tables;   select * from dba_tables;   revoke dba from user_name;   shutdown immediate   startup nomount   select * from v$instance;   select * from v$sga;   select * from v$tablespace;   alter session set nls_language=american;   alter database mount;   select * from v$database;   alter database open;   desc dictionary   select * from dict;   desc v$fixed_table;   select * from v$fixed_table;   set oracle_sid=foxconn   select * from dba_objects;   set serveroutput on   execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd');   ############# 控制文件 ###########   select * from v$database;   select * from v$tablespace;   select * from v$logfile;   select * from v$log;   select * from v$backup;   /*备份用户表空间*/ alter tablespace users begin backup;   select * from v$archived_log;   select * from v$controlfile;   alter system set control_files='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl', '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile;   cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl   startup pfile='../initSID.ora'   select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ;   show parameter control;   select * from v$controlfile_record_section;   select * from v$tempfile;   /*备份控制文件*/ alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak';   /*备份控制文件,并将二进制控制文件变为了asc 的文本文件*/ alter database backup controlfile to trace;   ############### redo log ##############   archive log list;   alter system archive log start;--启动自动存档   alter system switch logfile;--强行进行一次日志switch   alter system checkpoint;--强制进行一次checkpoint   alter tablspace users begin backup;   alter tablespace offline;   /*checkpoint 同步频率参数FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,同步频率越高,系统恢复所需时间越短*/ show parameter fast;   show parameter log_checkpoint;   /*加入一个日志组*/ alter database add logfile group 3 ('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M);   /*加入日志组的一个成员*/ alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3;   /*删除日志组:当前日志组不能删;活动的日志组不能删;非归档的日志组不能删*/ alter database drop logfile group 3;   /*删除日志组中的某个成员,但每个组的最后一个成员不能被删除*/ alter databse drop logfile member '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';   /*清除在线日志*/ alter database clear logfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';   alter database clear logfile group 3;   /*清除非归档日志*/ alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;   /*重命名日志文件*/ alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6a.rdo';   show parameter db_create;   alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name';   select * from v$log;   select * from v$logfile;   /*数据库归档模式到非归档模式的互换,要启动到mount状态下才能改变;startup mount;然后再打开数据库.*/ alter database noarchivelog/archivelog;   achive log start;---启动自动归档   alter system archive all;--手工归档所有日志文件   select * from v$archived_log;   show parameter log_archive;   ###### 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 日志文件logmnr ##############   1) 在init.ora中set utl_file_dir 参数 2) 重新启动oracle 3) create 目录文件 desc dbms_logmnr_d; dbms_logmnr_d.build; 4) 加入日志文件 add/remove log file dhms_logmnr.add_logfile dbms_logmnr.removefile 5) start logmnr dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr 6) 分析出来的内容查询 v$logmnr_content --sqlredo/sqlundo   实践:   desc dbms_logmnr_d;   /*对数据表做一些操作,为恢复操作做准备*/ update 表 set qty=10 where stor_id=6380;   delete 表 where stor_id=7066; /***********************************/ utl_file_dir的路径 execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('foxdict.ora','$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump');   execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.log',dbms_logmnr.newfile);   execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump/foxdict.ora');   ######### tablespace ##############   select * form v$tablespace;   select * from v$datafile;   /*表空间和数据文件的对应关系*/ select t1.name,t2.name from v$tablespace t1,v$datafile t2 where t1.ts#=t2.ts#;   alter tablespace users add datafile 'path' size 10M;   select * from dba_rollback_segs;   /*限制用户在某表空间的使用限额*/ alter user user_name quota 10m on tablespace_name;   create tablespace xxx [datafile 'path_name/datafile_name'] [size xxx] [extent management local/dictionary] [default storage(xxx)];   exmple: create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 200M; create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management dictionary default storage(initial 100k next 100k pctincrease 10) offline; /*9i以后,oracle建议使用local管理,而不使用dictionary管理,因为local采用bitmap管理表空间 ,不会产生系统表空间的自愿争用;*/ create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform size 1m; create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local autoallocate; /*在创建表空间时,设置表空间内的段空间管理模式,这里用的是自动管理*/ create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform size 1m segment space management auto;   alter tablespace userdata mininum extent 10;   alter tablespace userdata default storage(initial 1m next 1m pctincrease 20);   /*undo tablespace(不能被用在字典管理模下) */ create undo tablespace undo1 datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 40M extent management local;   show parameter undo;   /*temporary tablespace*/ create temporary tablespace userdata tempfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 10m extent management local;   /*设置数据库缺省的临时表空间*/ alter database default temporary tablespace tablespace_name;   /*系统/临时/在线的undo表空间不能被offline*/ alter tablespace tablespace_name offline/online;   alter tablespace tablespace_name read only;   /*重命名用户表空间*/ alter tablespace tablespace_name rename datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';   /*重命名系统表空间 ,但在重命名前必须将数据库shutdown,并重启到mount状态*/ alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system01.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system02.dbf';   drop tablespace userdata including contents and datafiles;---drop tablespce   /*resize tablespace,autoextend datafile space*/ alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500M;   /*resize datafile*/ alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' resize 50m;   /*给表空间扩展空间*/ alter tablespace userdata add datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' size 10m;   /*将表空间设置成OMF状态*/ alter system set db_create_file_dest='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata';   create tablespace userdata;---use OMF status to create tablespace;   drop tablespace userdata;---user OMF status to drop tablespace;   select * from dba_tablespace/v$tablespace/dba_data_files;   /*将表的某分区移动到另一个表空间*/ alter table table_name move partition partition_name tablespace tablespace_name;   ###### ORACLE storage structure and relationships #########   /*手工分配表空间段的分区(extend)大小*/ alter table kong.test12 allocate extent(size 1m datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf');   alter table kong.test12 deallocate unused; ---释放表中没有用到的分区   show parameter db;   alter system set db_8k_cache_size=10m; ---配置8k块的内存空间块参数   select * from dba_extents/dba_segments/data_tablespace;   select * from dba_free_space/dba_data_file/data_tablespace;   /*数据对象所占用的字节数*/ select sum(bytes) from dba_extents where onwer='kong' and segment_name ='table_name';   ############ UNDO Data ################   show parameter undo;   alter tablespace users offline normal;   alter tablespace users offline immediate;   recover datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';   alter tablespace users online ;   select * from dba_rollback_segs;   alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs1;   /*忽略回滚段的错误提示*/ alter system set undo_suppress_errors=true;   /*在自动管理模式下,不会真正建立rbs1;在手工管理模式则可以建立,且是私有回滚段*/ create rollback segment rbs1 tablespace undotbs;   desc dbms_flashback;   /*在提交了修改的数据后,9i提供了旧数据的回闪操作,将修改前的数据只读给用户看,但这部分数据不会又恢复在表中,而是旧数据的一个映射*/ execute dbms_flashback.enable_at_time('26-JAN-04:12:17:00 pm');   execute dbms_flashback.disable;   /*回滚段的统计信息*/ select end_time,begin_time,undoblks from v$undostat;   /*undo表空间的大小计算 公式 小学单位换算公式大全免费下载公式下载行测公式大全下载excel公式下载逻辑回归公式下载 : UndoSpace=[UR * (UPS * DBS)] + (DBS * 24) UR :UNDO_RETENTION 保留的时间(秒) UPS :每秒的回滚数据块 DBS:系统EXTENT和FILE SIZE(也就是db_block_size)*/   select * from dba_rollback_segs/v$rollname/v$rollstat/v$undostat/v$session/v$transaction;   show parameter transactions;   show parameter rollback;   /*在手工管理模式下,建立公共的回滚段*/ create public rollback segment prbs1 tablespace undotbs;   alter rollback segment rbs1 online;----在手工管理模式   /*在手工管理模式中,initSID.ora中指定 undo_management=manual 、rollback_segment=('rbs1','rbs2',...)、 transactions=100 、transactions_per_rollback_segment=10 然后 shutdown immediate ,startup pfile=....\???.ora */   ########## Managing Tables ###########   /*char type maxlen=2000;varchar2 type maxlen=4000 bytes rowid 是18位的64进制字符串 (10个bytes 80 bits) rowid组成: object#(对象号)--32bits,6位 rfile#(相对文件号)--10bits,3位 block#(块号)--22bits,6位 row#(行号)--16bits,3位 64进制: A-Z,a-z,0-9,/,+ 共64个符号   dbms_rowid 包中的函数可以提供对rowid的解释*/   select rowid,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) from table_name;
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