初中名词和介词用法和练习

初中名词和介词用法和练习 名词 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如:book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体，如:gun。 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如:family。 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物，如:air。 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如:work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一‎‎般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 情况 构成 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 读音 例词 一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如: two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时: a. 加s，如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; b. 加es，如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s，如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs; b. 去f,fe 加ves，如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves; c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2) 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4) 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如: a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 945年组建起 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如: "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6) 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如:goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼。 1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1)物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如: This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如: Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如: four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如: sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如: men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如: goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷 4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如: two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍 总称(谓语用复数) 单数 复数 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名词的格 英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该 名词的所有格，如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下: 1) 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。 2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。 3) 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如:the title of the song 歌的名字。 4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如:the barber's 理发店。 5) 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有";只有一个's，则表示'共有'。例如: John's and Mary's rooms(两间) John and Mary's room(一间) 6) 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:a month or two's absence 一、 1.8写出下列名词的复数形式 1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep 二、选择正确的答案 1、 All the people at the conference are ______。 a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher b. mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers 2、All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month。 a. women doctors c. woman doctors b. women doctor d. woman doctor 3、---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some。 A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 4、--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ? --- Certainly。 A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5、Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday。 A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 6、There is some _______ on the plate。 A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 7、The little baby has two _______ already。 A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 8、We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe 9、Please remember to give the horse some tree___。 A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave 10、He gave us____ on how to keep fit。 A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice 11、Please pass me _____。 . two glass of water B. two glasses of waters A C. two glasses of water D. two glass water 12、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______。 A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples 13、This table is made of __________。 A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass 14、______ can get a better view of the game than the participants。 A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons 15、Some ______ are flying kites near the river。 A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs 16、Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us。 A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news 17、Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident。 A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life 18、In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here。 A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many 19、The police investigated those _____ about the accident。 A. stander-by C. standers-by B. stander-bys D. standers-bys 20、Generally there are ______ television programs for children on Saturday。 A. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of 21、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 22. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 23. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 24. That’a art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 25. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 26. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 27. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish 28. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 29. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 30.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers 31. In Britain _____ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 练习 1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______. a( little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages 2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war. a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes 3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year. a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation 4.Painting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities. a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil 5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here. a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many 6.The large houses are being painted, but ______. a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense 7.The room was small and contained far too ______. a.much new furniture c. much new furnitures b.many new furniture d. many new furnitures 8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______. a. rooms number b. room number c. room’s numbers d. room numbers 9.Computers can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself. a great many…many c. much…a great deal b. a great deal of…much d. many…a great many 10.She didn’t know _____ he had been given. a. how many information c. how many informations b. the number of information d. how much information 11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party. a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm b. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm 12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month. a. women doctors c. woman doctors b. women doctor d. woman doctor 13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____. a. growns-ups c. growns-up b. grown-up d. grown-ups 14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident. a. stander-by c. standers-by b. stander-bys d. standers-bys 15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp. a.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war .prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war b 16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately. a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels 17.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her ______. a. elder sister b. elder sister’s c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress 18.All the people at the conference are ______. a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher b.mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers 19.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance. a. some property c. properties b. some properties d. property 20.Physics _____ with matter and motion. a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are 21.He has written several books, but his last works _____ well known among his friends. a. have b. have been c. is d. are 22.After he checked up my ______ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days. a. father-in-law’s c. father’s-in-law b. father-in-law d. father’s-in-law’s 23.He told me _____ would come to his birthday party. a. many Jack friends c. many Jack’s friend b. Jack’s many friends d. many friends of Jack’s 24.I had my hair cut at the _____ around the corner. a.barber b. barbers c. barber’s d. barbers’ 25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at ______. a. Peter and Helen’s c. Peter and Helen b. Peter and Helens d. Peter’s and Helen’s 26.______ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the sun’s energy. a. The earth’s surface c. The surface of earth b. The surface earth d. The earth surface 27.Numerous materials are available to ______. a. today of designers c. today’s of designers b. today’s designers d. today designers 28.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Don’t you know he is an old friend of ______? a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brother’s d. my brother’s friend 29.______ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know. a. This John’s old friend c. That’s Jahn’s old friend b. This old friend of John d. This old friend of John’s 30.______ is too much for a little boy to carry. a.A bike’s weight c. The weight of a bike b.The weights of a bike d. Bile’s weight 31.Generally there are ______ television programs for children on Saturday. a. little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of -room, there were ______ left. 32.When they got to the lecture a. only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats 33.______ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope. a. A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail 34.The Department purchased ______ to improve the working conditions there. a. a new equipment c. new equipments b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments 35.The boy tried hard but there has been ______ in his work. a. little improvement c. many improvements b. a little improvement d. few improvements 36.Today’s modern TV cameras require ______ light as compared with the earlier models. a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little 37.No country can afford to neglect ______. a. an education b. educations c. education d. the education 38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of ______. a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight 39.______ is only surpassed by that of monkeys’ and apes’. a. The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogs b. The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent 40.All ______ must take the graduate Management Admission Test. a. business student b. business’s students c. business students d. business’s student 41.______ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself. a. Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call b. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call 42.The ______ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem. a. public’s chief concern c. chief public concern b. public chief concern d. chief concern of public’s 43.______ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad. a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were 44.______ can get a better view of the game than the participants. a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons 45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who ______ at the scene of the accidents within minutes. a. were b. have been c. was d. has been 46.Our livestock ______ not as numerous as they used to be. a. is b. are c. be d. been 47.One of the most surprising things is that ______ may come from petroleum. a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrow’s food b. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrow’s food 48.Scott is an orphan but he received ______. a. very good education c. a very good education b. very good educations d. many good educations 49.After several day’s hardworking, we have made ______ on the design. a. much improvement c. many improvement b. several improvements d. some improvement 50.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday. a. shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoes’s shop d. shoe’s 51.Eggs, though nourishing, have ______ of fat content. a. large number b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount 52.He has done some ______ on that subject from various angles over the past ten years. a. research b. a research c. researches d. the researches 53.Recently, he has lost all his ______. a. wage and saving at card c. wages and saving at card b. wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards 54.The country’s wealth comes chiefly from its many ______. a. herd of cattle b. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles 55.In Britain the ______ are all painted red. a. letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letters’s box 56.Ten years had passed. I found she had ______. a. a little white hair c. a few white hair b. some white hair d. much white hair 57.All his ______ far from satisfaction a. conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is d. conducts will be 58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, ______ was done. a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage 59.He was ______ what to do. a. at his wit end b. at his wits end c. at his wit’s end d. at his wits’s end 60.Would you like to have a cup of tea and ______ with me? a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toasts d. tow pieces of toasts 61.Accurate ______ covering the fact are not obtainable. a. datum b. datums c. data d. datas 62.On Monday morning some teachers exchanged a few ______. a. how-are-yous c. how-are-you’s b. of how-are-you’s d. of how are you 63.Albert said he met the girl ______ a. at his uncle’s Smith room c. at his uncle Smith’s room b. at Smith’s his uncle’s room d. at the room of his uncle’s Smith’s 64.It is four months since I last saw Keats ______. a. at Mrt Smith’s ,the book seller c. at my aunt’s, a book seller b. at my aunt’s, Mrs Palmer’s d. at Mrs Palmer’s, the book seller’s 65.This room is ______. a. the editor’s-in-chief’s office c. the editor-in-chief’s office b. the editor-in-chief office d. the editor’s-in-chief office 66.My old classmate, Comrade Sun ,works at ______. a. a teacher college c. a teacher’s college b. a teachers’s college d. a college of a teacher’s 67.The policemen put the criminal ______. a. in a iron b. into a iron c. in irons d. into a pair of iron 68.Our teacher gave me ______. a. an advice b. the advice c. many advice d. much advice 69.My mother cut the cloth with ______ scissors. a. a b. two c. a couple of d. a pair of 70.My house is within ______ from the railway station. a. a stone’s throw b. a throw of a stone c. stone’s throw d. the stone’s throw 定义】 介词表示的是它后面的名词或代词与句中其他某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，它必须与它的宾语构成介词短语后才能作句子成分。 【用法】 ? 作定语: 介词短语在句中作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。 e.g. He is the monitor of Class Four. 他是四班班长。 ? 作状语:介词短语作状语，用来修饰句中的动词。 e.g. We do eye exercises at nine every morning. 我们每天上午九点钟做眼保健操。 注意:在含有介词短语作状语的句子中，状语按照先地点(由小到大)，再方式，最后时间(由小到大)的顺序排列。 e.g. He arrived in Paris by air at 9:00.他9点钟乘飞机到了巴黎。 ? 作表语: 介词短语作表语时往往与连系动词一起使用。 e.g. It sounds like fun. 这听起来很有趣。 【常用易混介词】 1. in, at, on 与表示时间、地点的词连用 表示时间时，in后接表示一段时间的词，如:年、月、星期、四季或morning, afternoon, evening (注意:noon, night前用at)，但当morning 或Sunday 等前有this, that, next, last 等词修饰时，一般不用介词。 at 多用于钟点时刻前，所表示的时间大多比较短暂。 e.g. at a quarter to eleven 在10:45 on 主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或节日前。 e.g. on Mid-Autumn Day在中秋节 on June 2nd在六月二日 表示地点时，in与表示“国家”、“城市”等大地方的词连用。 e.g. in Shanghai 在上海 in China 在中国 at用于小地点前。in表示“在……里面、内部、某一范围内”，on表示“在……上”。 e.g. at the desk 在桌子旁 on the tree 表示树上长的东西“在树上”。 in the tree 表示人或其他东西“在树上”。 on the wall 表示东西张贴或挂“在墙上”。 in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。 2. in, to, on 与表示方位的词连用 in 表示在某地区范围之内;to 表示在某地区范围以外;表示与某地接壤用on。 e.g. Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边。 The Pacific Ocean is on the east of China.太平洋在中国的东边。 3. between 和among 表示“在……中间” between 表示两者之间; among表示在三者或三者以上之间。 e.g. Mike sits between Peter and me. 迈克坐在彼得和我之间。 His parents were among those people.他的父母在那些人中间。 4. with 和in表示“用……” 表示“用……工具”用with; 表示“用……材料、语言、声音”用in。 e.g. Please write with a pen. 请用钢笔写。 Say it in English, please. 请用英语说。 5. across 和through 表示“穿过”的区别 两者都用于表示“穿过，越过”，across含有“从……表面穿过”之意，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across; through 含有“从……内部穿过”之意。 e.g. The train is running through the tunnel.火车正穿过隧道。 The train is running across the bridge. 火车正穿过大桥。 6. but, besides 和except 表示“除了” but表示“除……之外”，常与有否定意义的词连用;except 表示“除……之外(不再有)”，指从整体中排除except 所带人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no及其他复合词，但在否定句中，except 却没有排斥性;besides表示“除了……之外(还有)”，它的意义是在原来的基础上加上besides 除外的人或物，其前常有another, other, any other, a few 等词。 e.g. We've had nothing but trouble with this car.我们这辆车净出毛病。 She knows nothing except English.她除了英语之外，什么也不懂。 We all went to visit the zoo except Li Lei.除了李雷外，我们都去了动物园。 Li Lei also went to the park besides you.除了你之外，李雷也去了公园。 【跟踪练习】 用括号中适当的介词填空。 1. He arrived ________ (at, in) Shanghai _________ (in,on, at) the morning of January 1st. 2. The girl went out of the room _______ (with, without) saying anything. 3. There is a clock __________ (on, over, above) the wall. 4. We have no classes ________ (on, at, in, with) Sunday. 5. She goes to the station _______ (on, at, in, with) a bus. 6. My answer is different _________ (from, at, for) yours. 7. I'm interested _____________ (at, with, in) the story. 8. Nancy looked _____________ (for, like, along) her dog everywhere. 9. Tom is very fond ____________ (in, with, of) the sea. 10. I'll be here ____________ (at, in, on, for) five o'clock . 介词的用法 1、表示时间的(at 、on、in、at、before ,after、by、 until、through、from、since、within) (1)at:用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。 at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前 (2)on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用) On Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日 (3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。 in 1999 在1999年 in November 在11月份 in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午 过……后(未来时间) I think he will be back in an hour .我想他一小时后就会回来。 I heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。 (4)before:在……之前 Wei Hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning .今天早晨，魏华在7点之前起床了。 (5)after:在……之后 After that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull . 从那时起，任何人不得捕杀海鸥。 (6)by:在……前(时间)，截止(到)…… By the time I arrived ,she had already gone . 在我到达之前，她已经走了。 (7)for:达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时，过去时，将来时连用，但是经常和完成时连用。 Florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest . 弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。 (8)during:在……期间 During the lifetime of one man ,North America and Europe will more further apart by nearly two metres . 在一个人的一生期间，北美洲和欧洲由于漂移，其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。 (9)through:一直……(从开始到结束) He ,who led the United States through these years ,was shot on April 14, 1865 ,at a theater in Washington 领导美国度过了这些年代的他，于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。 (10)from:从……起(时间) The worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。 (11)since:自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续) Since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.从那时起，我的眼睛一直不是很好。 (12)within:不……超过的范围 He will arrive within an hour .他一小时内就人到。 2、表示地点(at、in、on 、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、in front of、behind、in 、into、out of、along、across、,through、 to、for、from) (1) at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所) at school上学 at home在家 at 320 Xinfu District 在新抚区320号 at the station 在火车站 (2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) She will arrive in Shanghai at ten .10点她将到达上海。 (3)表示地点方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below ?on:在……上面，有接触面 on the table 在桌子上面 ?above:在……上方 Sometimes Juliana could hear planes above the trees. 有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。 ?over:在……正上方，是under的反义词 Over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上，他们建起了金字塔。 ?under:在……下面，在……之内 The twin sisters put the basket under the tree .这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。 ?below:在……下方，(不一定是正下方) Three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle . 3000米以下，除了茂密的丛林之外，她什么也看不见。 (4)near ,by ?near:近的，不远的(=not far)是的反义词,near还可以指时间，in the near future在不远的将来。 Green’slakewasasmall lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。 ?by:在……旁边，比的距离要近 Juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days . 朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。 (5)between ,among ,around ?between:在两者之间 The differences between American English and British English are not very great .美国英语和 英国英语之间的差别不是很大。 ?among:在三者或者更多的之中 There are some American students among us .在我们中间有几个美国学校。 ?around:环绕，在…..的周围，在……的四周 They arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it . 他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷 (6)in front of ,behind ?in front of :在……的前面 There is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一辆小汽车。 ?behind :在…..后边 Are there any cows behind the house ?房子后面有一些牛吗, (7)in ,into ,out of ?in:在…..之内，用于表示静止的位置 There are four girls in the room.房间里有4个女孩。 ?into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，通常用于表示动作的动作之后。 如:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run.. She took me from the hall into my classroom .她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。 (8)along ,across ,through ?along:沿着 Go along Zhongshan Road and turn right at the second crossing . 沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。 ?across:横过(平面物体) Very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world . 各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。 ?through:贯通，通过 The students walked through the gate with Uncle Wang . 学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。 (9)to ,for ,from ?到达……地点(目的地)或方向 Where’sJack? He has gone to London.杰克上哪了,他去伦敦了。 ?for:表示目的，为了…… Do you know what he comes here for ? 你知道他为什么来这儿吗, ?from:从……地点起 How far is it from London to New York? 从伦敦到纽约有多远, 3、表示手段和材料的介词用 (1)with ?和……在一起 These plates keep moving ,like great ships ,carrying the continents with them . 这些板块载着各个大陆，像航船一样不断地漂移。 ?具有，带有 A person with good manners is always kind and polite. 有礼貌的人总是和和气气，彬彬有礼的。 ?用某种工具或方法 He could swim with some special swimming shoes. 穿着一些特制的游泳鞋，他能游泳。 (2)in:表示用什么材料(例如:墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着，声调特点时，不用 with而用in。 What’sthisinEnglish. 这个用英语怎么说, (3)by:通过……方法，手段 Whatdoyoumeanbytheword“island”, “island”是什么意思 I prefer traveling by train .我更喜欢乘火车旅行。 、其他 4 (1) of , from ?of 属于)……的，表示…..的数量或种类 It was beginning of the term .这是学期开始的时候。 ?from:来自(某地，某人)，以….起始 She is a lady from Canada .她是一位加拿大的女士。 (2)without ,like ,as ?without :没有，是with的反义词 She often worked for twenty-four without rest .她通常工作24小时而不休息。 ?like:像……一样 Like many children of her age ,Ding Fang is a Young Pioneer . 像很多同龄的孩子一样同，丁芳是个少先队员。 ?as:作为 They are carrying us as passengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。 (3)against:反对。靠着 Everyone tried to fight against the locusts .所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。 (4) about: ? 关于，各处，四周 Nightingale wrote a book about nursing .南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。 ? 询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议 What about your family ? 你家里人怎么样, 1 ( ) 1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on ( ) 2 -There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up ( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since ( ) 4 tie suddenly returned____ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( ) 5 My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of ( ) 6 The train is starting___five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D.still ( ) 7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on 2 ( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred years. A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past ( ) 2 We returned to our hometown___. A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week ( ) 3 Great changes have taken place___. A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year 3 ( ) 1 Children wake up very early____the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at ( ) 2 ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet. A. In B. On C. At D. For ( ) 3 It happened to be very cold____ the morning of our sports meet. A. at B. on C. with D. of ( ) 4 Why did you get up so early ___ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in 4 ( ) 1 He went to Shanghai___ September 3, 1991 and came back___ a cold morning last year. A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; ia ( ) 2 Lucy was born____ the night of May 12, 1984. . ... A. on B. in C. at D. to ( ) 3 Mrs Brown came to China ____ 1996. A.on B. of C. to, D. in ( ) 4 ___ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning___Joe Hill. A. On; to B. In; of . C. On; for , D. At; for ( ) 5 Ann moved___Hangzhou___September, 1992. A. /; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in ( ) 6 They started off___an autumn afternoon. A. during B. at C. in D. on 5 ( ) 1 He often goes ____ school ____ six thirty ____ the morning. A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to ( ) 2 He arrived ___ Shanghai ___ 9: 30 ___ March 5. f A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on ( ) 3 The English teacher told me to get there____ half past ten. A: in B. at C. on D. of ( ) 4 The children get up ___ 6 o'clock. A. at B. on C. during D. in 6 ( ) 1 The doctor worked___ five hours___ a rest. A. for; with B. on; without C. about; having D. for; without ( ) 2 I worked on the problem ____ a long time and I worked it out____myself____ last. A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the ( ) 3 A new factory will be set up:___ a year. ^'lotae A. for B. in C. after D. on ( ) 4 Two years___ he began to write another story-book. A. after B. later ; C. in D. late ( ) 5 We will finish the picture a day. A. in B. on C. after D. on ( ) 6 The workers had been____ strike____almost a month. A. on; in B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during ( ) 7 Mr Brown had lain ____ the ground ____ four hours before they finally found him. A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during 7 ( ) 1 The teacher is coming back___ an hour. A. after B. for C. in D. before ( ) 2 She lived in the mountain village____ the years 1940-1950. A. between B. during C. in D. since ( ) 3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing____ two days. A. after B. in C. on D. before ( ) 4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ____ the end. A. by B. at C. in D. on 8 ( ) 7 Mary had finished her homework____ the time I got home. A. until B. by C. at D. when ( ) 2 We stayed at the lab___ our teacher returned. A. till B. by C. during D. while ( )3 They didn't leave the station___ they get on the train. A. until B. by C. after y D. at 9 1 Don't worry. He will return____. A. before long B. long before C. long long ago D. long ago 2 There lived an old man, fishing at sea____. A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon 3 It was not _____ they came back. A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after 4 I was told that his uncle had gone to France . A. long before -B. shortly after C. before long D. long ago 10 ( ) 1 ___ Tom gets up at five in the morning. A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times ( ) 2 I remember we met each other___ last year. A. Sometime' B. some times C. some time D. sometimes ( ) 3 Mary and I have been to the Great Wall,___. A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times ( ) 4 He studied English for ____ in London, and then he went to America. A. sometimes B. sometime new B. some time B. some times 11 ( ) 1 I don't like to sit ___ Tom's right. I would like to sit ___ the back row. A. on; in B. in; on C. on; at D. at; on ( ) 2 There is a brook____ red flowers and green grass___ both sides. A. of with B. with; on C. of; at D. with; in ( ) 3 There are many trees ___ of the road! And ____ of the trees is growing larger and larger. ...... A. on both side; a number B. on each sides; a number C. on both sides; the number D. on every side; the number 12 ( ) 1 The plane is flying _____. A. in the sky B. in. the air C. in space D. in sky ( ) 2 There is a sweet smell___. A. in the air B. in the open airC. in the sky D. in the space ( ) 3 We held an interesting party___. A. in the air B. in the sky C. in the open air D. in space ( ) 4 Seen from___, the earth appears to be a big blue ball. A. the space B. space C. a space D. this space 13 ( ) 1 Tom sits____the classroom while John sits____the room. A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back of C. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of ( ) 2 Lucy sits____ the third row, ____Jim's left. A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; on ( ) 3 Jiangsu is___ the east of China, but Japan is ___ the east of China. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on 14 ( ) 1. -Can I look up a word____ your dictionary? -I haven't got____me. A. into; about B. in; with C. at; in D. on; on ( ) 2 1 like mooncakes ____ meat ____ them. A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. with; in ( ) 3 When you are ___ trouble please ask help ___ us. A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of ( ) 4 The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes____ your size. A. about B. in C. to D. of ( ) 5 I saw him___hurry at the moment. A. in a B. in C. on D. on a 15 ( ) 1 He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at ( ) 2 There is a door___ the wall. "t a ^nc A. on B. to C. of D.in ( ) 3 This kind of VCD is made____ China. . A. in B. from C. at D. on ( ) 4 Any man ___ eyes______ his head can see that he's exactly like a rope. A. with; on B. with; in C. on; with D. in; with 16 ( ) 1 There are some birds singing___ the trees. A. in B. on C. at D. from ( ) 2 Don't read ____ the sun. It's bad ___ your eyes. A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to D. in; on ( ) 3 The woman____ a blue dress is my teacher. A. in B. on C. of D. at ( ) 4 There are so many apples___ that tree. A. in JB, on C. at , D. from 17 ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above 18 ( ) 1 The United States is ____ the south of Canada and ___ the east of Japan. A. to; in B.on;to C. in; beside D. at; on ( ) 2 My hometown lies___ the city. ___ I often go to the city by bike. A. 50 miles in the east; However B. to the east 40 miles of; But C. in the east 45 miles from; But D. 35 miles east of; However ( ) 3 The man stood____the window, watching the boys playing outside. A. in B. by C. with D. to ( ) 4 Japan lies____ the east of China. A. on B/ to C. in D. with 19 ( ) 1 Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ___? A. through B. across C. on D. in ( ) 2 A mother camel was walking ___ her son ___ the desert. A. without; along B. with; through C. next to; pass D. beside; through ( ) 3 The river runs____ the city. A. across B. through C. over D. from ( ) 4 It took us over an hour to walk____ this street. A. from B. through C. over D. across 20 ( ) 1 Uncle Wang arrived____ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago. A. at B. in C., to ^ D. / ( ) 2 Did your friend send you something ___ the end of last week? A. at B. by C. in D. to ( ) 3 The monument____ those heroes stands____the foot of the mountain. A. of; at B. to; on C. for; by D. to; at ( ) 4 My uncle lives ____ 88 Beijing Street. A. to B. of C. at D. on ( ) 5 They are waiting ___ a bus ___ the bus stop. A. for; in B. on; at C. with; at D. for; at 21 ( ) 1 Wood is of ten made___paper. A. by B. from C. of D. into ( ) 2 ___ research ___ the universe scientists have put a lot of information ___ computers. A. With; over; at B." On; at; to C. In; about; into D. For; with; through ( ) 3; When a piece of ice is taken ____ a warm room, it gets smaller and smaller until ___ the end it disappears completely. A. in; in B. out of; at C. into; in D. to; by ( ) 4 A woman fell ___ the boat ___ the water. A. off; into B. at; belowC. down; under D. away; in 22 ( ) 1 The tables in the restaurant are so close together that there's hardly any room to move___them. A. among B. betweenC. in the middle of D. at the centre of ( ) 2 English is widely used for business____ different countries. A. between B. to C. for D. on ( ) 3 Is there any difference ____ these two sentences? A. for B. in C. among D. between ( ) 4 We visited him at his workplace ___ the young trees and ask him about his work. E A. in B. among C. between D. at ( ) 5 There is the difference___ Chinese food and American food. A. from B. at C. between D. by ( ) 6 The police station is ___ the clothing shop ___ the post office. A. between; and B. among; and C. near; of D. on; right ( ) 7 He is ____ the greatest scientists in the world. A. among B. between C. in D. of 23 ( ) 1 There is a book-store ___ our house. A. at B. through C. across D. near ( ) 2 Our headmaster showed the visitors ____ our school. A. to B. for C. around -; D. near ( ) 3 The moon is the ___ to the earth. A. closed B. near C. nearest D. close 24 ( ) 1 We have classes every day ____ Sunday. A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for ( ) 2 Nobody knew it ____ me. A. but B. beside C. besides D. without ( ) 3 What do you spend your time on ___ work and study? A. except B. besides C. but D. without ( ) 4 Do you know any other foreign language____ English. A. without B. beside C. besides D. except ( ) 5 We need fifteen more people ____ the twenty of us to do the job. A. besides B. and C. except D. without ( ) 6 No one knew where Mr Smith lived____ his daughter. A. besides B. and C, only D. except 25 ( ) 1 _____ the help of the teacher, Tom has made rapid progress ____ his studies. A. For; at B. Of; for C. By; on D. With; in ( ) 2 The children are interested___this subject. A. to B. with C. in D. at ( ) 3 His mother often helps him ___ English so he does better ___ English than others. ; A. with; in B. on; in C. in; with D. with; at ( ) 4 I've lost my interest____physics. A. in B. on C. at D. for ( ) 5 He drove away___the direction of London. A. in B. at C. to D. for ( ) 6 The letter was written ___ ink. A. with B. in C. by D. at 26 ( ) 1 ___ the money, she bought a new coat ___ her father. A. With; for B. With; to C. For; with D. To; with ( ) 2 Wei Hua gets on well ___ her classmates. A. with B. in C. to D. at ( ) 3 There is something wrong___my bike. A. at B. in C. on D. with ( ) 4 They are filling their bags____ books and other things. A. in B. with C. of D. by ( ) 5 When the teacher heard us talking in class, he was very angry ____ A. to B. with C. for D. of ( ) 6 We usually cover the Christmas trees ____ colour lights. A. in B. use C. for D. with 27 ( ) 1 -His sudden death surprised his wife. -It was so bad. His wife was surprised ____ his death. A. by B. with C.at D. on ( ) 2 Don't laugh____ him, he only made a small mistake. A. at B. to C. about D. over ( ) 3 The boy cried out ___ the top of his voice. A. at B. in C. on D. to 28 ( ) T We Chinese people are all___ our motherland . A. famous for B. proud of C. busy with D. good at ( ) 2 The beautiful bottle was made ____ glass. A. from B. in C. of D. by ( ) 3 This is a map___China. A. in B. at C. of D. on ( ) 4 A group___ boys and girls are dancing in the park. A. with B. of C. for D. to 29 ( ) 1 They are getting ready____ fly____ England____their holiday. A. for; to; to B. to; to; for C. for; for; to D. to; to; to ( ) 2 What did you have ___ breakfast? A. at B. as C. for D. about ( ) 3 They were invited to an important ball ____ the first time ____ their lives. A. for; in B. at; in C. on; for D. in; with ( ) 4 Tom always comes late____school. A. at . B. inside C. to D. for ( ) 5 Mr Smith caught hold___ Bob and said, "This is a good lesson___ you. A. of; for B. for; of C. of; of D. for; for ( ) 6 The shop___ clothes is the right side ___ the street. A. of; at; beside B. for; on; at C. for; on; of D. of; in; of 参考答案: 1. 1-7 B A A A A A B 2. 1-3 C C B 3. 1-4 B B B B 4. 1-6 C A D B A D 5. 1-4 B D B A 6. 1-7 B A B B A C A 7. 1-4 C B B C 8. 1-3 B A A 9. 1-4 A A A A 10. 1-4 B A D C 11. 1-3 A B C 12. 1-4 A A C B 13. 1-3 B D B 14. 1-5 B D A B A 15. 1-4 C D A B 16. 1-4 A A A B 17. 1-4 C B B D 18. 1-4 B B B B 19. 1-4 A B B B 20. 1-5 A A D C D 21. 1-5 D C C A 22. 1-7 B A D B C A A 23. 1-3 D C C 24. 1-6 C A B C A D 25. 1-6 D C A A A B 26. 1-6 A A D B B D 27. 1-3 C A A 28. 1-4 B C C B 29. 1-6 B C A C A C