高考英语语法填空题考点分析与解题技巧

高考英语语法填空题考点分析与解题技巧 语法填空题的设臵是广东高考英语试题的一项创新,它将语法知识的考查臵于一篇英语短文中,通过设臵纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现,突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力,更能客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只有15分,占英语全卷分数的十分之一,但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分,不容忽视。要想此题有好的发挥,学好语法,注重运用必不可少,这是基础;了解考点,掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键。一、语法填空题命题原则及考点分析。 (一)命题原则: 1.短文题材:题材多样,或体现文化内涵、文化交往,或给人以启迪等。 2.短文长度:约200词,一般不超过12句话,设10个空,句首不设空。 3.短文难度:没有超出课标的生词,但有课标单词的派生词,此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力。 4.考点设臵:只能填一个词的纯空格题:设6-7个小题;用所给的词填空题:设3-4小题。纯空格题通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等词;给词填空通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、此类转换等,答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词。 5.常常会出现所填词位于句首,目的是考查该单词的第一个字母要大写。 (二)考点分析:语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性,而语法是重点。它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表 达方式的掌握情况。具体考点和命题特点如下: 1.每一个空格的设臵都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则,不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。 【例1】In Greece women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they ___(allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 【解析】因allow 与they 在逻辑上是动宾关系,要用被动语态,用be allowed;由had 和left 可知be 是过去式;主语是复数they, be 的过去式应是were, 答案就是were allowed. 此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。 【例2】The ___ why I was sad was that he didn’t understand me. 【解析】因为why引导的定语从句,前面的先行词一定是reason.此题看起来是考查填入适当的名词。但实际上是考查定语从句 2.考虑语境。 既然采用短文形式来考查语法,其目的就是要利用短文以较强的语境特点来命题,否则,就不如用单句来考查语法了,考生要想填出正确答案,至少要理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系,或者需要理解前后几个句子,甚至整个段落或篇章。 【例3】Several changes have brought wild animals to the ____.Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970’s pollution control efforts. 【解析】:在冠词the后必定是名词,再根据下句确定填cities。本题若只根据设空格本身,而不阅读并理解下文。是无法填出正确答案的。 3.考点分散。 基本上一个空格代表一个语法点,十个空格有可能涉及十个或十个以上的语法点。至少也得有7个语法点。因此,重复考查某项语法的可能性较小,填词相同的空格几乎没有可能。4.适当提示。 涉及到动词的时态,语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变换的空格,要紧扣上下文的信息提示。 【例4】Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,____(reach) a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4. 【解析】reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。用现在分词作状语,故填reaching。 【例5】It would be _____(believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends! 【解析】因为在系动词be后作表语。要用believe的形容词形式believable,由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友,真难以臵信”可知,要加前缀变为反义词。故答案是unbelievable。 5.考题一般涉及到的语法项目: 1)动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语; 2)冠词的用法:有时要填的词是名词,但往往考的是冠词的用法; 3)连词的用法,包括从属连词和并列连词; 4)派生词的用法。 5)动词的适当形式(包括谓语动词的时态和语态以及 非谓语动词的用法等); 6)情态动词的用法; 7)定语从句。名词性从句、状语从句的引导词等。 8)代词的用法:人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等。 特别提醒: 1)适当注意倒装句中的助动词和强调谓动词的助动词的用法; 2)名词的数和所有格有可能在给词填 5 空中考察; 4)要填写的词位于句首要注意大写; 5)考生需要具备句子结构分析的能力: 首先,应熟练掌握简单句的五大基本句型;其次,要充分了解词类及语法功能;再次,要会分析并列句,主从复合句等;要懂得两个简单句间不用分号或句号,就必须用连词,否则句子结构不完整。 二、语法填空题解题思路和做题技巧。 通过对命题思路和考点的分析。考生对此题要“考什么”和“怎么考”有了明确的认识。接下来要弄清楚的是“如何做题”和确保考试得分的问题了。 下面就谈一谈这方面的事。 (一)解题思路。 做语法填空题时,可以用一种由大及小的思路去(其根据是此题的特点---语境与语法相结合)思考答案。也就是说,可以从“篇章,句子,词汇”三个层面去思考。 1.通读全文,了解大意,弄清文脉。 考生不要读一句就填一个答案,首先要把括号有提示的空格视为已知条件,通读全文,了解文段内容及要点。 2.结合语境,试填空格,先易后难。 基本了解文章大意后,就可以动手填空了。分析句子结构与空格、边读边填,遇到一时想出来的答案,不要用太多时间停留在此题上,先跳过去,做后面的题,待填完其他空格后,再回过头来细细推敲此空的语义,填入最佳单词。具体体现为八条思路: 广东英语语法填空答题技巧 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力,我们在解题前应快速浏览短文 掌握大意,有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上,再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析,逐题解答。下面按题型 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 分三种情况: 一、纯空格试题的解题技巧 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词) 等虚词。 首先,分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后,根据句子意思,确定具 体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧: 技巧1: 在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词。 例1:I can’t send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __1__ gets there almost in a second. 技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等),很可能是填限定词。 例2:It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help___2___ rice crop grow up quickly 技巧3:名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面,一定是填介词。 例3:…who should have the honour of receiving me ___3___ a guest in their house. 技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。 例4…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 技巧5:若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从属连词(连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)。 例5:The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini ___5 _died in 1926. 例6:He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, ___6___he felt very happy 技巧6 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1) 由it is …that…强调结构的形式,判断it 还是that。 判断方法:去掉it is …that…结构,句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。 (2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格是否填it. 例7:…and _7_ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG ( 味精). 例8:…as ___8__ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists.. 2 例9:Dating sites also makes___9__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等词。 例10:__10___ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (4) so / such …that…句型 例11:This made the goat so jealous ___11___ it began plotting against the donkey (5) more …than…(与其说……不如说……,比……更……)句型。 例12:Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___12____ how much he pays. 二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧 首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。 技巧7:若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系 时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。 例13:When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you. 例14:That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14__(close) my book and walked away 例15:In Loganm three people _15_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 例16:Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 (result) the contrary to our intention.(2008年广东高考语法填空) 例17:Now, Valentine’sDay is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world. 技巧8若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式,-ed形式,还是不定式,确定的方法主要有: (1) 作主语或宾语,通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。 例18:…but it is not enough only _18_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 例19:19 _(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…(2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。 例20:_20_(complete) the project as planed, we’ll have to work two more hours a day (3) 作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v-ing);若是被 动关系,用过去分词(-ed)。 例2:He saw the stone, __21_(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.” 例22:The headmaster went into the lab, _22_(follow) by the foreign guests. 3 技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。 例23:There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain. 例24:They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 (equip) to dig holes 例25:These people have made great _ 25 (contribute) to China with their work. 三、词类转换题的解题技巧 这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词,根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式,具体技巧有以下三种。 技巧10 作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态),通常用形容词 形式。 例26:The youngster immediately fell _26_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 例27:Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_(interest) in the subject. 技巧11:修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。 例28:As I looked _28 (close) at this girl, I found that… 例29:29 (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed. 技巧12:有的词义转换题,词类或词性不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un-, im-, in-等,在词根后加-less等。 例30: People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _30_(use). 例31:Your mistake caused a lot of _31_(necessary) work in the office. 技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词,有可能考查其比较级或最高级。 例32:The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…he jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out. 例33:The _33_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. 例34:…, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”34 (high) 以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括,在做语法填空题时,还应注意英语中的固 定句型、固定搭配等。 4 语法填空练习 Last Friday Miss Wang gave us a lesson on the history of English. I learned much from it. She said __1__ English was not the language of English until the 5th century when the Germans came. I never expected English has many French words just __2__ a Frenchman William became the king of England __3__ 1066. What’s more, we really couldn’t believe our ears when Miss Wang told __4__ that English has become an international language __5__ (part) because its grammar is easy! Miss Wang said that other language in Europe have __6__ (difficult) grammar than English. The lesson of that day was so strange __7__ interesting. Well, I think it is foolish __8__ us to learn a very difficult language, isn’t it? Once I didn’t like English, but after this lesson, I find I am interested in it. Miss Wang __9__ (promise) that she would tell us more about English the next week. I cannot wait __10__ (have) the coming lesson. 语法填空答题技巧参考答案: 1. it 2. his 3. as 4.and 5. who 6. but 7. it 8. it 9. it 10. Only 11. that 12. than 13. will give 14. closed 15. were taken 16. results in 17. celebrated 18. to memorize 19. Speaking 20. To complete 21. saying 22. followed 23. uncomfortable 24. equipment 25. contributions 26. silent 27. interested 28. closely 29. Fortunately 30. useless 31. unnecessary 32. harder 33. worse 34. higher 语法填空参考答案: