NACE RP0102-2002 管线的在线检查

bNACE@ NACE Standard RPO102-2002 Item No. 21094 T H E C O R R O S I O N S O C I E T Y Standard Recommended Practice In-Line Inspection of Pipelines This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE International standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE International assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accepts responsibility for only those official NACE International interpretations issued by NACE International in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. Users of this NACE International standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE International standard may not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE International standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE International standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time without prior notice. NACE International requires that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE International standards may receive current information on all standards and other NACE International publications by contacting the NACE International Membership Services Department, 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, Texas 77084-4906 (telephone + I [281]228-6200). Approved 2002-02-1 7 NACE International 1440 South Creek Drive Houston, Texas 77084-4906 + I 281/228-6200 ISBN 1-57590-142-0 O 2002, NACE International Copyright NACE International Provided by IHS under license with NACE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` , , , , , - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - RP0102-2002 Foreword Since the transportation of hydrocarbons by pipeline began in the 1860s, the primary means of establishing pipeline integrity has been through the use of pressure testing. These tests have been most often performed upon completion of the construction of the pipeline. The completed pipeline segment has been pressurized to a level equal to or exceeding the anticipated maximum operating pressure (MOP). Government regulations have recently specified the test pressures, test media, and test durations that must be achieved for pipelines to be permitted to operate within their jurisdictions. However, until very recent history, there have been no such requirements for pipelines to be periodically tested for integrity. Some pipeline operators have traditionally performed periodic integrity assessments in a variety of forms with varying degrees of success. In the mid-l960s, pipeline operators began to use a form of instrumented inspection technology that has evolved into what is known today as in-line inspection (ILI). ILI is but one tool used in pipeline integrity assessment. The technology has now become so reliable that it holds a prominent place in many operators’ integrity programs because when properly applied, ILI provides many economies and efficiencies in integrity assessment at a relatively small risk. This standard recommended practice outlines a process of related activities that a pipeline operator can use to plan, organize, and execute an ILI project. Guidelines pertaining to ILI data management and data analysis are included. A key companion guide to this standard is NACE International Publication 351 OO.’ This standard is intended for use by individuals and teams planning, implementing, and managing ILI projects and programs. These individuals include engineers, operations and maintenance personnel, technicians, specialists, construction personnel, and inspectors. Users of this standard must be familiar with all applicable pipeline safety regulations for the jurisdiction in which the pipeline operates. This includes all regulations requiring specific pipeline integrity assessment practices and programs. This NACE standard was prepared by Task Group 212 on In-Line Nondestructive Inspection of Pipelines. Task Group 212 is administered by Specific Technology Group (STG) 35 on Pipelines, Tanks, and Well Casings. This standard is issued by NACE International under the auspices of STG 35. In NACE Standards, the terms shall, must, should, and may are used in accordance with the definitions of these terms in the NACE Publications Style Manual, 4th ed., Paragraph 7.4.1.9. Shall and must are used to state mandatory requirements. The term should is used to state something good and is recommended but is not mandatory. considered optional. The term may is used to state something NACE International I Copyright NACE International Provided by IHS under license with NACE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- RP0102-2002 NACE International Standard Recommended Practice In-Line Inspection of Pipelines Contents 1 .General ............................................................................................................................ 1 2 .Definitions ........................................................................................................................ 1 3 .Tool Selection .................................................................................................................. 3 4 . Pipeline ILI Compatibility Assessment ............................................................................ 4 5 .Logistical Guidelines ....................................................................................................... 9 6 . Inspection Scheduling ................................................................................................... 11 7 .New Construction-Planning for ILI Surveys ................................................................ 14 8 .Data Analysis Requirements ......................................................................................... 16 9 .Data Management ......................................................................................................... 19 References ........................................................................................................................ 20 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 20 Appendix A ........................................................................................................................ 21 Tables Table 1: Types of ILI Tools and Inspection Purposes ....................................................... 5 Figures Figure 1 : Plan View of a Generic Pig Trap ...................................................................... 23 . . . . .. II NACE International Copyright NACE International Provided by IHS under license with NACE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` , , , , , - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - RP0102-2002 Section 1: General 1.1 This standard is applicable to carbon steel pipeline systems used to transport natural gas, hazardous liquids including anhydrous ammonia, carbon dioxide, water including brine, liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs), and other services that are not detrimental to the function and stability of ILI tools. 1.2 This standard is primarily applicable to “free-swimming” ILI tools but not tethered or remotely controlled inspection devices. 1.3 This standard provides recommendations to the pipe I i ne ope rato r based on s uccessfu I, i nd ustry-prove n practices in ILI. 1.4 This standard is specific to the inspection of line pipe installed along a right-of-way, but the general process and approach may be applied to other pipeline facilities such as hydrocarbon distribution and gathering systems, water injection systems, station piping, and isolated crossings of railroads, highways, or waterways. Section 2: Definitions Aboveground Marker (AGM): A portable device placed on the ground above a pipeline that both detects and records the passage of an in-line inspection tool or transmits a signal that is detected and recorded by the tool. Anomaly: A possible deviation from sound pipe material or weld. An indication may be generated by nondestructive examination, such as in-line inspection. B-Scan: A cross-sectional display of a test object formed by plotting the beam path lengths for echoes with a preset range of amplitude, in relation to the position of beam axis (in ultrasonic testing), or the values of the measured magnetic field (with magnetic flux leakage [MFL]), as the probe is scanned in one direction only. Batch, Batching: Separated volume of liquid within a liquids pipeline or of liquid within a gas pipeline. Sealing (batching) pigs are typically used for separation. Bellhole: An excavation to permit a survey, inspection, maintenance, repair, or replacement of pipe sections. Caliper Pig: A configuration pig designed to record conditions, such as dents, wrinkles, ovality, bend radius and angle, and occasionally indications of significant internal corrosion, by sensing the shape of the internal sutface of the pipe (also referred to as geometry pig). Chainage: Position of a point along the pipeline, typically taken from a fixed reference such as a valve. Check Valve: Valve that prevents reverse flow. Can cause damage to ILI tools if not fully opened. Cleaning Pig: A utility pig that uses cups, scrapers, or brushes to remove dirt, rust, mill scale, and other debris from the pipeline. Cleaning pigs are utilized to increase the operating efficiency of a pipeline or to facilitate inspection of the pipeline. Corrosion: The deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a reaction with its environment. Crack, Cracking: Very narrow elongated defects caused by mechanical splitting into parts. Data Analysis: The process through which indications recorded in an ILI are evaluated to classify, characterize, and size them. Defect: An anomaly for which an analysis indicates that the pipe is approaching failure as the nominal hoop stress approaches the specified minimum yield strength of the pipe material. Detect: To sense or obtain a measurable ILI indication from an anomaly in a pipeline. Distribution Line: A gas pipeline other than a gathering line or transmission line (see U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 192).’ Electric Resistance Weld (ERW): Weld formed by resistance heating of the two edges of a pipe and then forcing them together to create a weld. Fatigue: The phenomenon leading to fracture of a material under repeated or fluctuating stresses having a maximum value less than the tensile strength of the material. Feature: Any object detected by an ILI tool during the petformance of an inspection run. Features may be anomalies or indications, pipeline valves and fittings, nearby metallic objects, or other items. Gauging Pig: A utility pig mounted with a flexible metal plate, or plates, of a specified diameter less than the minimum internal diameter of the pipeline. Pipe bore restrictions less than the plate diameter or short radius bends will permanently deflect the plate material. NACE International 1 Copyright NACE International Provided by IHS under license with NACE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` , , , , , - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - RP0102-2002 Geographical Information System (GIS): A computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information. Girth Weld: Circumferential weld joining two joints of pipe. Global Positioning System (GPS): The navigational system utilizing satellite technology to provide a user an exact position on the earth’s sutface. Hydrotest: A pressure test of a pipeline to ensure it meets design conditions and is free of leaks. Imperfection: An anomaly in the pipe that will not result in pipe failure at pressures below those that produce nominal hoop stresses equal to the specified minimum yield strength of the pipe material. Induction Coil: A type of sensor that measures the time rate of change in magnetic flux density. Induction coils do not require power to operate, but have a minimum inspection speed requirement. In-Line Inspection (ILI): The inspection of a pipeline from the interior of the pipe using an in-line inspection tool. Also called intelligent or smart pigging. In-Line Inspection Tool: The device or vehicle that uses a nondestructive testing technique to inspect the pipeline from the inside. Also known as intelligent or smart pig. Interaction Rules: Specifications that establish spacing criteria between anomalies or defects. If the indications or defects are proximate to one another within the criteria, the anomaly or defect is treated as a single larger unit for engineering analysis purposes. Kicker Line: Piping and valving that connects the pressurizing pipeline to the launcher or receiver. Launcher: A pipeline facility used to insert a pig into a pressurized pipeline, may be referred to as pig trap. Leak: A small opening, crack, or hole in a pipeline causing some product loss. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): Petroleum gases (butane, propane, etc.) liquefied by refrigeration or pressure to facilitate storage or transport. Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL): The flows of flux from a magnetized material, such as the wall of a pipe, into a medium with lower permeability, such as gas or air. Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI): A nondestructive examination technique for locating sutface flaws in steel using fine magnetic particles and magnetic fields. Mapping Pig: A configuration pig that uses inertial sensing or other technology to collect data that can be analyzed to produce an elevation and plan view of the pipeline route. Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP): The maximum internal pressure legally permitted during the operation of a pipeline. Maximum Operating Pressure (MOP): The maximum internal pressure that cannot normally exceed the maximum allowable operating pressure expected during the operation of a pipeline. Metal Loss: Any of a number of types of anomalies in pipe in which metal has been removed from the pipe sutface, usually due to corrosion or gouging. Narrow Axial External Corrosion (NAEC): Narrow, deep, axially oriented corrosion, often along a longitudinal seam weld. Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE): The evaluation of results from nondestructive testing methods or nondestructive testing techniques in order to detect, locate, measure, and evaluate anomalies. Nondestructive Testing (NDT): The actual application of a nondestructive testing method or a nondestructive testing technique. Nondestructive Testing Method (NDT Method): A particular method of nondestructive testing, such as radiography, ultrasonic, magnetic testing, liquid penetrant, visual, leak testing, eddy current, and acoustic emission. Nondestructive Testing Technique (NDT Technique): A specific way of utilizing a particular nondestructive testing method that distinguishes it from other ways of applying the same nondestructive testing method. For example, magnetic testing is a nondestructive testing method while magnetic flux leakage and magnetic particle inspection are nondestructive testing techniques. Similarly, ultrasonics is a nondestructive testing method, while contact shear-wave ultrasonic and contact compression-wave ultrasonic are nondestructive testing techniques. Pig: A generic term signifying any independent, self- contained device, tool, or vehicle that moves through the interior of the pipeline for inspecting, dimensioning, or cleaning. Pig Signal: Usually a mechanical sensor on the pipe activated by the passage of a pig. Pipeline: That portion of the pipeline system including the pipe, protective coatings, cathodic protection system, field connections, valves, and other appurtenances attached or connected to the pipe. Pipeline Component: A feature, such as a valve, cathodic protection connection, or tee that is a normal part of the pipeline. The component may produce an indication that is recorded as part of an inspection by an in-line inspection tool or configuration pig. NACE International Copyright NACE International Provided by IHS under license with NACE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` , , , , , - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - RP0102-2002 Pipeline System: All portions of the physical facilities through which gas, oil, or product moves during transportation, including pipe, valves, and other appurtenances attached to the pipe, compressor units, pumping units, metering stations, regulator stations, delivery stations, breakout tanks, holders, and other fabricated assem blies. Pressure: Level of force per unit area exerted on the inside of a pipe or vessel. Receiver: A pipeline facility used for removing a pig from a pressurized pipeline, may be referred to as trap. Remediation: An operation or procedure that eliminates the factor or factors causing an imperfection, defect, or critical defect. RSTRENG3: A computer program designed to calculate the residual strength or failure pressure of corroded pipe. RESTRENG 2: An enhanced version of RSTRENG as specified in the American Gas Association project report AGA‘”-PR-2 1 8-9205.4 Rupture: The instantaneous tearing or fracturing of pipe material causing large-scale product loss and immediately impairing the operation of the pipeline. Rupture Pressure Ratio (RPR): The ratio of the predicted burst ressure calculated by an analysis criterion (e.g., specified minimum yield strength (SMYS). ASME p2) B 31 G,5 RSTRENG,3 etc.) to the pressure at Seam Weld: The longitudinal weld in pipe, which is made in the pipe mill. 3.1 Sensors: Devices that receive a response to a stimulus, e.g., an ultrasonic sensor detects ultrasound. Smart Pig: See In-Line Inspection Tool. Strain: Increase in length of a material expressed on a unit length basis (e.g., inches per inch). Stre