静止式进相器工作原理

静止式进相器工作原理 【摘要】本文介绍一种新式智能型电机无功补偿装置，这种补偿器采用单片机控制，能够实现自动跟踪，自动补偿以达到提高电机功率因数，降低电机定子电流、电机温升等目的。 关键词:测量 跟踪 补偿 相位 1(概述 众所周知，静止式进相器是一种智能型无功功率补偿装置，它具有自动跟踪补偿、静止无环流、操作简单、免维护等许多优点，是当代替代旋转式进相机的理想产品。它的补偿原理和电容补偿相比有着本质上的区别。电容补偿是在电机定子的前端并联电容器C，以吸收电机感性电阻造成的无功功率。它只能改变电容至电网等线路上的电流与电压的功率因数角，也就是说只能提高线路上的功率因数。而进相器却是一种能够改变电机本身功率因数的补偿装置。它是由单片机控制把50HZ交流电通过交交变频给电机转子中附加一个与转子同频率的电势Uf来改变转子的功率因数，从而达到改变电机定子的功率因数。 等效电路如图一所示: edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 图一 2(控制原理 图二 从图二可以看出,,系列静止式进相器是串接在电机转子回路中的。当电机运行时采集转子电流和同步电压信号，经微处理器CPU处理后给可控硅发出触发信号，由可控硅组成的交—交变频器将工频电源变为和转子电流同频率的电势叠加在电机转子回路中，改变转子电流与转子电压的相位关系，通过磁场进而改变电机定子电流与定子电压的相位关系，减小功率因数角，最终使电机本身的功率因数得以提高，定子电流得以下降。这种方式，可使电机功率因数提高到0.98以上，无功功率降低60%以上;降低电机定子电流10%,20%，降低线损、铜损20%-30%;电机温升显著降低，效率及过载能力大大提高，电机使用寿命延长。 它的工作过程如下: edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 当电机起动前，先给进相器送上控制电源，通过转换接触器把电机转子接到起动器上，当电机起动完毕，给进相器一个信号此时微控制单元开始工作，此时按下进相按钮，转换机构把电机转子接入到可控硅变频器，通过附加电势的叠加来改变电机的功率因数。为了保护可控硅，吸收通断时的峰值电压，可控硅的阳极A和阴极K之间并联有阻容串联保护元件。 3(进相器的选配和安装调试 我们知道，对于轧钢机来说，当有钢料通过时，电机处于超负荷运转，所以在选配进相器时，最好按常规负荷的高一级来选配。从前面的介绍中我们可知道，进相器主要是给电机转子施加一个同频率的电动势，所以进相器的选择不但要考虑电机的功率而且还要考虑电机的转子额定电流的大小。 如图三所示，进相器内配有转子回路转换机构，为了保护电机避免电机转子开路，进相器KM1接触器的常开触点串入电机一次开关柜合闸回路中与电机一次开关柜相互联锁，进相器不合闸时KM1不吸合，主机不能起动;如果进相器出了故障，则CPU能自动发出退相指令使进相器退相，当转换机构出现故障，则进相器内的KM1、KM2就会出现吸合或同时断开的现象，此时通过KM1、KM2常闭触点串联后并入电机一次开关柜的分闸回路中，通过联锁使一次柜分闸。 为了保护进相器免受冲击，把起动器的转子星点短接接触器KM10的常开触点串入进相器的进相回路中，电机起动完毕前，KM10不吸合，进相器就不能进相，电机起动过程中产生的冲击电流就不会对晶闸管造成损坏。当电机起动完毕后，投入进相器，如果电机定子电流下降、COSø上升就说明补偿相序正确，反之如果 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 进相后电机定了电流没有下降而是上升，COSø下降则说明进相器采样信号与补偿相序正好相反，此时调整电压的取样信号相序就可。 图三 4(进相器的日常维护 我们知道，轧钢厂生产环境比较恶劣，灰尘较大，静止式进相器的可控硅又是采用的风冷方式，所以灰尘就容易随风进入进相器内对可控硅及CPU等各种元配件的性能产生很大的影响。因此，进相器日常维护就必须定期清扫进相器内的灰尘，运行过程中应经常检查冷却风机的运行状况。当进相器出现故障时，最好是按照厂家提供的原理图采用排除法来来一步步的确诊。 晶闸管是一种大功率的半导体元件，他的好坏直接影响到进相器的工作性能，当进相器进相工作时，我们可以检查其A、K两极的阻值是否在几百千欧以上变化(阻容保元件造成)K、G两极之间阻值是否几十欧，且每相的几只阻值基本相同。 5(应用实例 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 福建福安昌顺轧钢厂于2002年7月份选用一台WP5,600G型高压静止式进 相器，所配电机型号为YR630-10/1180，电机定子电压 6KV，额定电流为 78A ， 转子开路电压为 781V，转子额定电流为 500A ，额定功率因数为 0.8 ，当电机 没有负荷时运行电流为 20A，功率因数为 <0.45 ，投入进相后电流为 15A ，功 率因数为 0.85 ;当有钢料通过时电机运行电流为150,200A，功率因数为 0.9, 投入进相后电流为 120,170A，功率因数为 ?1 。 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the