历年自考英语词汇学真题
全国2003年4月英语词汇学试题 第一部分 选择题(共30分)
?(Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose
the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1.The process of meaning relation is also called .( )
A(extension B(degradation C(specialization D(elevation
2.Idioms in the coursebook are used in a . ( )
A(broad sense B(narrow sense C(figurative sense D(special sense
3.The relationship between the linguistic sign and a referent is . ( )
A(conventional B(non-conventional C(concrete D(specific
4.The way to define an antonym is based on . ( )
A(contradiction B(contrariness C(oppositeness D(relativeness
5.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified
by .( )
A(Roget‘s Thesaurus B(Concise Oxford Dictionary
C(New Webster‘s Dictionary D(Co-build Dictionary
6.Context meaning.( )
A(explains B(interprets C(defines D(all the above
7.Though still at work today , can hardly compare with what it was in the
past. ( ) A(word-formation B(borrowing C(derivation D(conversion
8.Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally . ( )
A(movable B(unstable
C(unchangeable D(ununderstandable 9.Sentence idioms can be divided into . ( )
A(declarative and imperative B(interrogative and exclamative
C(verbal and adverbial D(both A and B 10. is considered to be a highly-inflected language. ( )
A(Old English B(Middle English C(Early Modern English
D(Late Modern English
11.A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be . ( )
affixational B(derivational C(free D(bound A(
12.The introduction of at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on
the English vocabulary. ( )
A(printing B(Christianity C(French words D(all the above
13.Which of the following statements is true? ( )
A( Every word has reference. B( Every word has sense.
C( Every word is semantically motivated. D( Every word is conceptually
motivated. 14.Which of the following statements is CORRECT? ( )
A( The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.
B( Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.
C( Loan words are all unrecognisable as being foreign in origin.
D( Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.
15.The relationship between words and things in
1
the world is established by means of . ( )
A(reference B(sense C(concept D(meaning
第二部分 非选择题(共70分)
?.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)
16.The degraded meaning ,sexual desire ‖of the word ,lust ‖comes from its
old meaning , ‖.
17.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and .
18.The headword or entries are defined in the same language in a dictionary. 19.The basic word stock forms the common of the language. 20 Conceptual meaning is also known as meaning.
?.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) sense relations , 2) types of context , and 3) modes of word-meaning changes.(10%) A B
( )21.difference in connotation A. fond (from ,foolish‖ to ,affectionate‖)
( )22.perfect homonym B. homely /domestic ( )23.degradation C. date ;date ( )24.transfer D. diseasing (from ,discomfort ‖to ,illness‖)
( )25.elevation E. fabulous (from ,resembling a fable ‖to ,incredible‖)
) ( )26.narrowing F. journal (from ,daily paper‖ to ,periodical‖
( )27.extension G. silly (from ,happy‖ to ,foolish‖)
( )28.generalization H. pitiful (from ,full of pity‖ to ,deserving pity‖)
( )29.grammatical context I. It was a nice ball. ( )30.lexical context J. Visiting aunts can be boring.
?.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of word formation , 2) types of affixes, 3) types of dictionaries, and 4) the type of idiom. (10%)
31.LDCE ( ) 32.deadline ( ) 33.-ize,-en,-ate ( ) 34.an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ( ) 35.VOA ( )
36.The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology ( ) 37.CED ( )
38.telephone ? phone ( ) 39.fly in the ointment ( )
40.hostess ( )
?.Define the following terms.(10%) 41.a variation of an idiom 42.morphs 43.synonym 44.jargon
45.semantic motivation
?.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%) 46.What is the role of context?
47.Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?
48.What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain with two examples. ?.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49.Read the extract, pick out the idioms and explain their meanings. Then rewrite the extract in standard non-figurative language.
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Sam is getting on ,too .His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy.
50.Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of subordinates and superordinates. a. The girl got a book in the university. b. The girl borrowed a dictionary from the department.
全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. There are ______ major classes of compounds. A. two B. for C. three D. five
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.
C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike. D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.
3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.
A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic 4. The idiom ,Jack of all trades‖ results from ______.
A. addition B. position-shifting C. dismembering D. shortening
5. ______ are those that cannot occur as
separate words without adding other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D.
Meaningful units
6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.
A. the growth of science and technology B. economic and political changes
C. the influence of other cultures and languages D. all the above
7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.
A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C
8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? A. Stability B. Collocability.
C. Productivity. D. National character. 9. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.
A. historical reason and class reason B. historical reason and psychological reason C. class reason and psychological reason D. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors 10. The fundamental difference between
homonyms and polysemants is whether ______. A. they come from the same source
B. they are correlated with one central meaning C. they are listed under one headword in a dictionary D. all the above
11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.
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A. semantic transfer B. semantic pejoration
C. semantic elevation D. semantic narrowing
12. An idiom consists of at least two
words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______. A. semantic unity B. structural stability
C. rhetorical function D. none of the above
13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______ A. -ion. B. -ism. C. -ity. D. -ist.
14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.
A. lexical meaning B. associative meaning
C. collocative meaning D. grammatical meaning
15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.
A. social B. verbal C. lexical D. physical
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16. In the course book, the idioms are classified according to ______ functions.
17. Linguistic context can be further divided into ______ context and grammatical context. 18. The ______ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes. 19. Morphemes which are identical with root
words are considered to be ______.
20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings; 2)language groups; 3)degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%)
A B
( )21. apes A. colloquial
( )22. Old English B. a language of full endings
( )23. Irish C. Italic
( )24. tiny D. very formal and official ( )25. French E. yelp ( )26. cattle F. poetic ( )27. domicile G. Celtic ( )28. abode H. gibber ( )29. foxes I. a language of leveled endings
( )30. Middle English J. low
?. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%) 31. mismanage ( ) 32. elephants-trumpet ( ) 33. pretty ( )
34. forehead ( ) 35. bossy
( ) 36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( )
37. anti-establishment ( ) 38. subsea
( ) 39. a sea of troubles ( ) 40. harder ( )
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?. Define the following terms. (10%) 41. idiom
42. functional words 43. degradation 44. bilingual dictionary 45. conversion
?. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%) 46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary?
47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.
48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is. ?. Analyze and
comment on the
following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)
49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.
?Get me an avocado, please,‘Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.
50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.
apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery 2005年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试卷，
答案
八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案
第一部分 选择题
I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative
answers(Choose the one that would best complete the
statement and put the letter in the bracket((30,)
1( There are two approaches to the study of polysemy(Theyare______.
A(primary and secondary B(central and peripheral
C(diachronic and synchronic D(formal and functional [ ]
2( Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?
A(Colloquial B(Slang C(Negative D(Literary [ ]
3( Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is:_____.
A(absolute and relative B(absolute and complete
C(relative and near D(complete and identical [ ]
4( In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，
A(Celtic and Danish B(Danish and French
C(Latin and Celtic D(French and Latin [ ]
5( Amonomorphemic word is a word that consists of a
single_______morpheme( A(formal B(concrete C(free D(bound
[ ]
6( Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated? A，croak，drum B(squeak，bleat C(buzz，neigh D(bang，trumpet
[ ]
7(LDCE is distinctive for its____.
A(Clear grammar codes B(usage notes C(language notes D(all of
the above [ ]
8( From the historical point of view,English is more closely related to
A(German B(French C(Scotttish D(Irish [ ]
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9( Which of the following is NOT an acronym?
A(TOEFL B(ODYSSEY C(BASIC D(CCTV [ ] 10.
In the course book，the author
lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning( A(eight
B(six
C(seven D(five [ ] 11(Sources of homonyms include____. A(changes in sound and spelling B(borrowing
C(shortening D(all of the above [ ]
12(The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken
form(
A(selective B(adequate C(imperfect D(natural [ ]
13(Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language( A(molpheme B(stem
C(word D(compound [ ] 14(Unlike affixes，____are often free
morphemes(
A(sufrixes B(prefixes
C(inflectional morphemes D(roots [ ]
15(The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times
were French. Latin，____.
A(Scandinavian and Italian B(Greek and Scandinavian
C(Celtic and Greek D(Italian and Spanish [ ] 第二部分 非选
择题
?(Complete the rollowing staternents with proper words or
expressions according to the course book( 16(The name given to the
widening of meaning which some words undergo is____.
17(Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary(
18(When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or
____in the context to help the readers( 19(Radiation and____are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to
polysemy(
20(Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____.
?(Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in
Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation.
and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms( A B
( )21(skill A(back—formation
( )22(babysit B(blendlng
( )23(telequiz C(French origin
( )24(composition,compounding D(SCandinavianorigin
( )25(government E(clipping
( )26(same,different F. relative synonyms
( )27(gent G. Germanic
( )28(English H(absolute synonyms
( )29(change,alter I. contradictory terms
( )30(big,small J(contrary terms
IV(Smdy the following words or expressions and identify 1)
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types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of
meanings,3)processes of meaning development，and 4)
forlnation of eompounds(
that part of man joining the head tO the body; 31(neck?primary meaning:
a secondary meaning:the narrowest part of anything(( )
32(contradict ( )
33(mother:love，care ( ) 34(upcoming ( )
35(window shopping ( ) 36(radlos ( )
37(property developer ( ) 38(Candidate?earlier meaning:
white-robed;
later meaning:a person proposed for a place，award etc( ( )overcoat
39(handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man 40(northward ( ) V.
Define the following terms. 41.encyclopendia 42.borrcwed 43.blending 44.extension 45.phrasal verb
VI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be
Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.
46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples. 47.what is extra-linguistic context?
48.what is polysemy? Illustrate your points. VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. 49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then what contextual help you to work out the meaning.
Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in
The street and ate it.
50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.
英语词汇学答案 (课程代码 0832) I(Each Of the smtements below is
followed by four alternative answers(Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket(
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A
11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B II Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to the course book(
16(extension 或generalization 17(specialized
18(clues 19(concatenation 20(1500
III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according
tO 1) word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or
antonyms( 21(D 22(A 23(B 24(H 25(C 26(I
27(E 28(G 29(F 30(J
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IV(Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined，2)types of meanings，3)processes of meaning
development，and 4)formation of compounds(
31(radiation 32(bound root
33(connotative meaning 34(adv+v-ing 35(n+v-ing 36(inflectional
affix,inflectional morpheme
37(n+v-er 3.concatenation 39(collocative meaning 40(suffix,
derivational affix
V(Definethefollowingterms(
41(An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword;it is not concerned with the language per se. 42(Borrowed
words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages(
43(It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a
word with a part
of another word(
44(Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized
meaning has now
become generalized(
45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and,or a particle(
VI.Answer the following questions(Your answers should be clear and short(Write
your answers in the space given below( 46(Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem;it only modifies its meaning.
e.g(treat--maltreat
Suffixation，On，the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its meaning.e.g(employ—— employer
47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation( (2)components
a.participants(addresser and addressee) writer and reader
speaker and listener,hearer b.time and place c.cultural background
48.要点:1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages(
2)have more than one sense( 3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles:diachronic approach and
synchronic approach( VII(Analyze and comment on the
following(Write your answers in the space given below(
49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore (2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger (3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all (4)carnivore may feed on meat (5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal
50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or
associations
suggested by the conceptual meaning( (2)connotative meanings are not
given in the dictionary(but associated with the word in actual
context to particular readers or speakers(Thus they are unstable.varying
considerably
according to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual(
(3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to
another child who is
often scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell(
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全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题
I(Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _________.( ) A.
butcher ? one who kills goats B. journal ? periodical
C. companion ? one who shares bread D. allergic ? too sensitive to medicine
2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.( ) A. extension, increase and expansion B. denotation, connotation and application C. comprehension, understanding and knowing D. polysemy, homograph and homophone 3. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _________.( ) A. inflectional affixes B. derivational affixes C. bound roots D. free morphemes
4. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _________.( ) A. synonymy
B. antonymy C. homonymy D. hyponymy
5. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the _________ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in ,rain cats and dogs‖.( ) A. illogical B. logical
C. mutual D. natural
6. Idioms verbal in nature are _________.( ) A. verb phrases B.
phrasal verbs C. verb idioms D. all the above
7. The idiom ,new brooms sweep clean‖ was created probably by _________.
( ) A. seamen B. housewives C. farmers D. hunters
8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________.( ) A. –ful
B. –wise C. –less D. –ike
9. Both English and _________ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.( ) A. Celtic B. Dansih C. French D. Scottish
10. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________.( )
A. bound roots B. inflectional affixes C. derivational affixes D. all the above
11. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________.( )A. its referent
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B. its referring expressions C. its meaning D. its concept
12. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________.( ) A. notion B. use frequency C. foundation D. origin
13. Which of the following is NOT correct? _________( )
A. A word is a meaningful group of letters. B. A word is a unit of meaning.
C. A word is a sound or combination of sounds. D. A word is a form that cannot function alone in a sentence.
14. If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _________.( ) A. a thesaurus B. a synonym finder C. an
encyclopedia D. an encyclopedic dictionary
15. Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary?( )
A. It is always better than an American dictionary. B. One can always expect to find American usages in it.
C. One can never expect to find American usages in it.
D. It tends to include more grammatical information.
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16.The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a
continual flow of ___________ words into English.
17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ___________.
18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give ___________ of referents.
19. Compounds are different from free phrases in
___________ unit.
20. Content words have both meanings, and ___________ meaning in particular.
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of figures of speech; 2) types of motivation; 3) types of changes in word meaning. (10%) A B
( )21. senior citizen A. metonymy ( )22. the pot calls the cattle black B. narrowing
( )23. earn one‘s bread C. euphemism ( )24. from cradle to grave D. synecdoche ( )25. sit on the fence E. hiss ( )26. constable (a policeman) F. personification
( )27. criticize(find fault with) G. morphologically motivated
( )28. liquor(alcoholic drink) H. degradation ( )29. snakes I. metaphor ( )30. hopeless J. elevation
IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of meaning. (10%) 31. harder ( ) 32. Fridge
( ) 33. autocide
( )
10
34. tremble with fear ( ) 35. notorious, skinny ( ) 36. two-layer ( ) 37. UNESCO
( ) 38. cloudy
( ) 39. subway
( ) 40. police,
money
( )
V. Define the following terms.(10%) 41. extra-linguistic context 42. prefixation 43. semantic change 44. conceptual meaning 45. specialization
VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in
the space given below. (12%) 46. What is semantic unity of idioms?
47. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points.
48. What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary?
VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.
dishearten, idealistic, unfriendly
50. Collocation can affect the meaning of words. Comment on the statement with your own example.
全国2006年7月高等教育自学考试
英语词汇学试题
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全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832
3(Which of the following is NOT one of the obvious
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the
one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1(Which of the following is NOT a rhetorical feature of idioms?( )
A(Phonetic manipulation. B(Lexical manipulation. C(Figures of speech. D(Phrasal verbs.
2(The sentence ,I like Mary better than you.‖ is ambiguous due to ______.( ) A(extra-linguistic context B(lexical context
5(The following are user-friendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary
English, except ______. ( )
15
4(Which of the following is NOT considered as an inflectional affix?( ) A(-es
B(-or C(-est D(-er
characteristics of the basic word stock? ( ) A(Creativity. B(Stability. C(Duality.
D(All national character. C(grammatical context D(homonymy
A(extra column B(clear grammar codes C(usage notes D(language
notes
6(Which of the following is a case of suffixation? ( ) A(Hemisphere. B(Attempt. C(NATO. D(Respondent.
7(Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words?( )
A(The rapid development of modern science and technology.
B(Geographical and political changes.
C(The influence of other cultures and languages. D(Social and economic
changes.
8(Webster’s New World Dictionary is a(n) ______ dictionary. ( )
A(unabridged B(desk C(pocket D(encyclopedic
9(Angel, martyr and paradise have their meanings ______ because of the influence
) A(elevated B(degraded C(narrowed D(extended of Christianity.(
10(As far as denotation is concerned, relative synonyms may differ ______. ( )
A(in the diachronic approach
B(in the stylistic and emotive colouring of words C(in usage in simple terms
D(in the range and intensity of meaning 11(Which of the following is NOT true
about Old English? ( )
A(Uses of Old English borrowed heavily from Latin
and other languages.
B(Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000.
C(Old English refers to the English language used from 450 to 1150.
D(Old English was a highly inflected language. 12(Neologisms are
newly-created words or expressions. Which of the following is NOT an example of neologisms? ( ) A(SARS. B(Can-opener. C(Futurology. D(Freak
out.
13(Which of the following words is morphologically motivated? ( ) A(Black
market. B(Greenhorn. C(Hopeless. D(Neigh.
14(In the sentence ,Italian artists were more active in the quattrocento than in the sixteenth century which followed.‖ The meaning of quattrocento can be inferred from the clue of ______. ( ) A(definition B(explanation C(example
D(relevant detail
15(Tooth and nail is an idiom ______ in nature. ( ) A(norminal
B(adjectival C(adverbial D(verbal
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16(The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the ______________.
17(Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and _____________
16
_.
18(In the word ,post-war‖, ,post-‖ is a prefix of ______________.
19(Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong ______________meaning.
20(Relative synonyms also called ______________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according
to 1) meaning of prefixes; 2) type of word formations; 3)types of meaning changes and 4) types of idioms. (10%) A B ( )21(Ultr-
A. backformation ( )22(burgle B. initialism ( )23(pop C. transfer
of sensation ( )24(clear-sounding D. before ( )
25(VOA E. brim (water’s edge —the top edge of a cup)
( )26(fore- F. mistress ( )27(degradation G. succeed ( )
28(kick the bucket H. clipping ( )29(extension I. die ( )30(make
it J. extreme
IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify
1) historical stage of English vocabulary; 2) origins of homonyms; 3) types of meanings; 4) sources of synonyms;
5) causes of ambiguity and 6) types of motivations. (10%)
31(ball, ball ( )
32(a hard businessman ( )
33(friend or foe ( )
34(miniskirt (
)
) 35(an attractive ball (
36(lie –distort the fact ( )
37(occupation-walk of life ( )
39(mother (love, care) ( ) 38(coffee ( )
40(enrich ( ) V. Define the following terms. (10%)
41(loan words
42(specialized dictionary 43(conversion 44(lexical context 45(amelioration
VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)
46(What are bound morphemes? Illustrate your point.
47(Why is context very important for the understanding of word-meaning?
48(What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning?
VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write
your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49(Some people hold that
Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples. 50(Use
examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.
全国2007年7月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832
17
?. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1(The definition of a word comprises the following points except ________.( )
A(a sound unity
B(a minimal unit of meaning C(a unit of meaning
D(a form that can function alone in a sentence 2(Words may be classified into
content words and function words by ________. ( ) A(origin B(notion
C(stability D(use frequency
3(It’s said that modern English vocabulary develops through three channels. Which
of the following is NOT one of them? ( ) A(Borrowing. B(Semantic
change. C(Creation. D(Blending.
4(What did modern English begin with? ( ) A(The establishment of printing. B(The Norman invasion.
C(Britain’s trade relations with the low countries. D(The Second World War.
5(Which of the following is NOT considered to be a stem? ( ) A(-tion.
B(Nation. C(International. D(National.
6(Which of the following is a case of conversion? ( ) A(Encourage.
B(Week. C(Toothache. D(Doubt.
7(Which of the following words is semantically motivated? ( ) A(Airmail.
B(Hiss.
C(Mouth in the phrase ,the mouth of a river‖. D(Laconic in the phrase ,a
laconic answer‖. 8(One of the interesting features about a language is that there are a great many more ________ than ________ in it. ( ) A(hyponyms …
homonyms B(homonyms … hyponyms C(synonyms … antonyms
D(antonyms … synonyms
9(Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to refer to
those northerners who were secretly aiding the South? ( ) A(Rattlesnake.
B(Villain. C(Informer. D(Copperhead.
10(In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a
word appears and is known as ________. ( ) A(non-linguistic context
B(linguistic context C(extra-linguistic context D(type of context
11(Ambiguity in a passage often occurs due to ____
____ and homonymy in an inadequate context. ( ) A(allomorph
B(variation C(suffixation D(polysemy
12(Which of the following rhetorical features can be seen in the idiom ,might and
main‖?( ) A(Rhyme. B(Alliteration. C(Juxtaposition.
D(Synecdoche.
18
13(The idiom ,by twos and threes‖ shows the characteristics of idioms that ________. ( ) A(the words that make up the idiom have lost their individual identity in the idiom
B(idioms are semantically inexplicable
C(the word order in an idiom can’t be inverted or changed
D(idioms are grammatically unanalysable 14(CCELD is noted for its unique
features except ________. ( ) A(definition B(extra column C(usage
examples
D(complicated grammar codes
15(Webster’s Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ________.
( ) A(desk dictionary B(pocket dictionary C(unabridged dictionary
D(encyclopedic dictionary
?.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and ________.
17. In the word ,pseudo-science‖, ,pseudo-‖ is a ________ prefix.
18. Associative meaning is open-ended and indeterminate, while ________ meaning is constant and relatively stable.
19. Antonyms are classified on the basis of ________. 20. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called ________.
?. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes; 2) features of idiom; 3) meaning of prefixes and 4) word formation. (10%) A B ( )21. BASIC A prefixation ( )
22. doctor (skilled in any learned profession ? B extr
a-linguistic factor specialist in medicine) ( )23. fine art C idioms
adjectival in nature ( )24. up in the air D elevation ( )
25. governor (pilot ? head of a state) E compounding
( )26. retro- F deletion ( )
27. a chocolate frog (an informer) G acronym ( )28. inter- H back
)29. hyperactive I between (
( )30. for good and all = for good J narrowing ?. Study the following
words or expressions and identify
1) types of sense relations; 2) features of idioms; 3) types of meanings and
4) historical stages of English. (10%) 31. external ( )
32. home (East or west, home is best. ) ( )
33. by-gone ( )
34. hesitate ? be in two minds ( ) 35. candidate ? a
person seeking an office ( )
36. notorious ( )
37. ,A friend in need is a friend in deed. ‖ ( )
38.win ? gain the upper hand ( ) 39. might and main
( )
40. ,Two heads are better than one. ‖ ( ) ?. Define
the following terms. (10%) 41. neologisms 42. back-formation 43. associated transfer 44. lexical context 45. usage notes
?. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%) 46. What are affixes?
47. What is collocative meaning? Please illustrate you
19
r point with an example.
48. Guess the meaning of the word underlined in the following sentence and tell
what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning.
Italian artists were more active in the an in the sixteenth century which followed. ?. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. Analyze and comment on the differences of synonyms in three ways.
50. Point out the compounds in the following sentence and explain how they are combined.
The out-going president talked to the stockholders who had staged a sit-in in forty-storey building.
全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试
英语词汇学试题
课程代码:00832
. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. Which of the following words does NOT belong to terminology? ( ) A. Penicillin. B. Algebra. C. Symphony. D. Knife.
2. In the sentence ―I like to see a movie.‖, there are ________ functional words.
( ) A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5
3. Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________. ( ) A. all national character B. productivity C. polysemy D. collocability
4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________.
( ) A. fast food B. TV dinner
C. tahini D. Watergate
5. The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from. ( ) A. Prussian B. Indo-European
C. Czech D. Russian
6. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the ________ set and the Western set. ( ) A. Eastern B. African C. American D. Northern
7. The plural morpheme ,-s‖ is realized by /z/ after the following sounds
EXCEPT ________. ( ) A./z/ B./g/ C./d/ D./b/
8. The word ,recollection‖ comprises ________ morphemes. ( ) A.1
B.2 C.3 D.4
9. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________. ( ) A. works B. worker C. working D. worked
10. ,Dis-‖ in the word ,disloyal‖ is a ________ prefix. ( ) A.
negative B. reversative C. pejorative D. locative
11. The word ,AIDS‖ is a(n) ________. ( ) A. initialism B. acronym C. derivative D. compound
12. The word ,smog‖ is created by blending, with the structure of ________. ( ) A. head + tail B. head + head C. head + word D. word + tail
20
is ________. ( ) 13. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, ,residence‖
A. neutral B. informal C. colloquial D. formal
14. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________. ( ) A. appreciative B. pejorative C. connotative D. collocative
15. ,Pavement‖ in British English and ,sidewalk‖ in American English have
the same ________. A. motivation B. collocation C. sense D.
connotation
16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( ) A. homonymy B. hyponymy C. monosemy D. polysemy
17. In both CCELD and LDCE, the most frequently used meaning of the word ,gay‖ is ________. A. joyous and lively, merry, happy B.
homosexual
C. given to social life and pleasure D. bright, brilliant
18. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word ,clear‖
EXCEPT ________. A. dirty B. fussy C. guilty D. ambiguous
19. The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT ________. ( )
A. influx of borrowing B. analogy C. psychological factors D. shortening
20. A good example of ________ is the word ,manuscript‖, which now
means ,writing by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor‖, but its
original meaning was ,handwriting‖ only.( ) A. degradation B. elevation
C. narrowing D. extension
21. In the sentence ,Never run towards a dangerous animal.‖, the
word ,dangerous‖ is used in the ________ sense of transfer. ( ) A. subjective B. objective
C. sensational D. physical
22. The sentence ,They saw her duck.‖ is ambiguous due to ________. ( )
A. grammatical context B. lexical context
C. antonymy D. hyponymy
23. The following are types of context EXCEPT ________. ( )
A. linguistic context B. non-linguistic context C. syntactical context D. extra-linguistic context
24. In the sentence ,The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school.‖ The meaning of amenity
can be inferred from the clue of ________. ( ) A. relevant details B. word
structure C. antonymy D. hyponymy
25. The idiom ,hustle and bustle‖ is a ________ as far as rhetorical features of
idioms are concerned. ( )
A. simile B. repetition C. reiteration D. personification
26. Sentence idioms embrace the following sentence types EXCEPT ________. ( ) A. declarative sentence B. interrogative sentence C. imperative sentence D. simple sentence
27. ,Beyond the pale‖ is an idiom ________ in nature. ( )
A. verbal B. nominal C. adjectival D. adverbial
28. The following are the types of dictionary EXCEPT ________. ( )
21
A. monolingual dictionaries and bilingual dictionaries B. linguistic and encyclopedic dictionaries C. specialized dictionaries D. Chinese and English dictionaries
s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980) is a(n) ________ 29. Oxford Advanced Learner’
dictionary. A. specialized B. desk C. pocket D. encyclopedic
30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain the following aspects EXCEPT ________. ( ) A. literal meanings of the words B. difficult points of grammar and style C. important British and American differences D. slight differences between words of similar meanings
II. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) sources of synonyms; 3) types of motivation; and 4) types of transfer. (10%) A B
( ) 31. morphological motivation A. laconic meaning ,brief‖ or ,short‖
( ) 32. associated transfer B. the foot of the mountain ( ) 33. borrowing C.
squeak/hiss
( ) 34. etymological motivation D. You
should address your remarks to the chair. ( ) 35. notional words E.
charm/glamour
( ) 36. abstract to concrete F. black market/greenhorn
( ) 37. semantic motivation G. occupation/walk of life
( ) 38. figurative use H. fire/flame/conflagration ( ) 39. regional English
I. This
teaching assistant is an efficient help. ( ) 40. onomatopoeic motivation J.
cloud/yellow
III. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
41. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or ________ of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment. 42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, ________ and borrowing. 43. The ________ is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.
44. Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words. 45. ________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or
thing in question.
46. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.
47. There are generally ________ major factors that cause changes in meaning.
48. Physical situation or environment relating to the
use of words is called ________ or non-linguistic context.
49. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ________.
50. Three good general dictionaries are LDCE, CCELD and ________.
IV. Define the following terms. (10%) 51. bound root 52. prefixation 53. pejoration 34. homophone 55. grammatical context
V. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%) 56. What are the types of morphemes?
22
57. What is conceptual meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.
58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the changes in word meaning. State your reason with one example.
Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
59. What is semantic unity of idioms? Explain it with one example.
VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)
60. Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds. Group 1: ,red meat/hot dog‖
Group 2: ,He bad-mouthed me. / majored generals‖
61. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates:
[a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.
[b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.
[a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.
[b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832
?(Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that
best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)
1(According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.( ) A(meaning
C(combination of sounds
2(The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.( ) A(more
slowly than C(more rapidly than
3(Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.( ) A(use frequency C(origin
4(Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.( ) A(green revolution C(moon walk
5(Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.( ) A(form C(look
6(Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English ,fall‖ means ______ in British English.( )
A(four C(for
7(The plural morpheme ,-s‖ is realized by /s/after the following sounds
EXCEPT ______.( ) A(/t/ C(/p/
8(There are ______ free morphemic words in the
23
B(sound D(group
B(as quickly as D(not so quickly as
B(notion D(sound B(fast food D(space shuttle B(meaning D(pronunciation
B(fell D(autumn B(/g/ D(/k/
following: bird, man, red, collection.( ) A(one C(three
17(When a word is first coined, it is always ______.B(two ( ) DA((four
semantic B(onomatopoeic 9(The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.( ) A(works C(postwar
10(30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.( ) A(compounding C(conversion
11(The word ,motel‖ is created by ______.( ) A(compounding C(blending
12(,BBC‖ is formed in the way of ______.( ) A(acronymy
C(back-formation
13(The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.( )
A(grammatical meaning C(associative meaning
14(By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.( ) A(onomatopoeic C(semantic
15(______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.( ) A(Reference C(Sense
16(Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.( ) A(word formation C(meaning change
C(monosemic
18(The following are all synonymous pairs, but in B(prewar each the second is standard in usage whereas D(bloody the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.( )
A(ire/anger C(forlorn/distressed
B19((affixation Shakespeare is difficult to understand than D(shortening contemporary writings because many of his words
were used in different ______ from what they B(clipping have now in dictionaries.( ) DA((suffixation senses C(dialects
B20((clipping The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word
D(prefixation ,picture‖, which originally denoted mere
,painting‖, but now has come to include ,drawings‖ and
even ,photographs‖( )
BA((conceptual meaning extension DC((literal meaning narrowing
21(In the sentence ,The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.‖, the
word ,respectable‖ is B(morphological used in the ______ sense of transfer.( )
DA((etymological subjective C(sensational
22(Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of B(Concept context?( )
DA((Motivation Elimination of ambiguity. B(Indication of referents.
C(Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning. D(Provision of culture background for inferring B(word meaning word-meaning.
D23((sense relations The sentence , I lost Betty’s picture.‖ is ambiguous
24
D(polysemic
B(rich/wealthy D(bliss/happiness B(forms D(terms B(elevation D(degradation B(objective D(physical
due to ______.( ) A(grammatical context C(antonymy
24(In the sentence ,An east or north-east wind brings
cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.‖, the meaning of D(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English B(polysemy with Chinese Translation
D30((hyponymy Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n)
______ dictionary.( ) A(unabridged C(specialized B(desk D(encyclopedic
,sou’wester‖ can be inferred from the clue of ______.( ) A(relevant details C(antonymy
25(The idiom ,toss and turn‖ is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of
idioms are concerned. ( ) A(alliteration C(metonymy
26(Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?( ) A(Sentence idioms. C(Clausal idioms.
27(The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.( )
A(replacement C(shortening
28(Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT
______.( ) A(spelling C(pronunciation
29(As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______
is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one( ) A(A
Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)
B(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation C(A New English-Chinese Dictionary
synonymy in Column B ?(Match the words in Column A with the words B(
according to 1) types of transfer; D(hyponymy 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of
vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)
A
B(( metaphor )31(She burst into passionate sobbing. D(( rhyme )32(He drops off to sleep, the lamb. ( )33(and
( )34(the man’s coat B(( Idioms adverbial in nature. )35(here
and there D(( Idioms nominal in nature. )36(moon ( )37(rough
and ready ( )38(ex-prisoner B(( addition
)39(fair and square D(( repetition
)40(Helen looks a fright in that old black dress.
B?((syntactical usage
Complete the following statements with proper
D(definition
words or expressions according to the course
book.(10%)
41(When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.
42(Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.
25
A(
B(
C(
D(
E(
F(
G(
H(
I(
J(
43(We might say that free morphemes are free ________.
44(The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called
________. 45(Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the
conceptual meaning of a word(
46(Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling
and pronunciation.
47(Vocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.
48(Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.
49(Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.
50(Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.
?(Define the following terms.(10%)
51(morpheme 52(homonym 53(connotation 54(elevation 55(idiom
?(Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%) 56(As far as growth of present-day
English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?
57(What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.
58(Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.
Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.
59(How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?
?(Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given
20%) 60(Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use below.(
of homonym in italicized font. —,You’re not eating your fish,‖ a waitress said to
a customer. ,Anything wrong with it?‖ —,Long time no sea.‖ the customer
Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the replied. 61(
linguistic factors, based on the given words below. (1)gold, bulb; (2)deer, beast,
animals;
(3)fortuitous, fruition.
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose
the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by ______.( ) A. use
frequency B. notion C. origin D. sound
2. Which of the following words does NOT belong to jargon? ( )
26
A. Orchestra. B. Bottom line. C. Ballpark figures. D. Bargaining chips.
3. In the sentence ,It is fun to play with children.‖, there are ______ content
words. ( ) A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
4. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ______.( )
A. open heart surgery B. fast food C. moon walk D. space shuttle
5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, the Americans use ,sick‖ for ______ in British English. ( ) A. six B.
ailment C. throwing up D. ill
6. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ______ endings. ( ) A. leveled B. short C. long D. paralleled
7. The plural morpheme ,-s‖ is pronounced as/s/in the following words
EXCEPT ______. ( ) A. packs B. bags C. cheats D. ships
8. There are ______ free morphemic words in the following words: bird, man, red,
turn.( ) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
9. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______. ( ) A.
subsea B. prewar C. postwar D. desks
10. The suffix ,-tion‖ is a ______ suffix. ( ) A. adjective B. verb C. adverb D. noun
11. From the sentences ,Hand in your papers.‖ and ,She papered the room
green.‖, we can see such a means of word formation as ______. ( ) A. affixation
B. compounding C. conversion D. acronymy
12. The word ,beg‖ comes from the word ,beggar‖. Such a way of creating a new word is called ______. ( ) A. suffixation B. clipping C. blending D. back-formation
13. ,Pen‖ and ,sword‖ in the sentence ,The pen is mightier than the sword.‖ are ______ motivated words. ( ) A. semantically B. etymologically C. morphologically D. onomatopoeically
14. ,Tables, men, potatoes‖ have the same ______ meaning, for they have the
) A. lexical B. grammatical C. conceptual D. associative same plural meaning. (
15. Stylistic features of words include the following EXCEPT ______. ( ) A.
formal B. literary C. argumentative D. slang
27
[1][2][3]下一页
16. The word ______ is an illustrative example of concatenation. ( ) A. neck B.
board C. candidate D. harvest
17. Based on the degree of ______, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect
homonyms, homographs and homophones. ( ) A. intensity B. property C. similarity D. variety
18. Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical
meaning, including ______ and associative meanings. ( ) A. conceptual B.
perceptual C. eventual D. actual
19. Narrowing of meaning, also called ______, is the opposite of widening meaning.
( ) A. specialization B. realization C. evolution D. creation
20. As far as transfer is concerned, the phrase ,loud colours‖ falls into the
category of transfer ______.( )A. from concrete to abstract meanings B. from abstract to concrete meanings C. through association D. of sensations
21. In the sentence ,She said with an embarrassed laugh.‖, the
word ,embarrassed‖ can be classified into ______ sense of transfer. ( ) A.
subjective B. objective C. sensational D. physical
22. Based on ______ context, we can determine the meaning of ,do the flowers‖.
( ) A. cultural
B. grammatical C. lexical D. situational
23. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ______ or non-linguistic context. ( ) A. extra-linguistic B. lexical C. grammatical D.
syntactical
24. In the sentence ,Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Mr. Mary, for
, the word ,polyglot‖ is explained by ______ example, speaks five languages.‖
clue. ( ) A. definition B. example C. synonymy D. hyponymy
25. Which of the following is NOT one of the stylistic features of idioms? ( ) A.
Frozen style. B. Slang. C. Literary style. D. Colloquialisms.
26. ,Chop and change‖ is an idiom ______ in nature. ( ) A. verbal B.
nominal C. adjectival D. adverbial
27. The change of idiom ,the last straw‖ from the original form is ______.( )
A. replacement B. dismembering C. addition D. shortening
28. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries. ( ) A. linguistic B. encyclopedia C. specialized D. unabridged
29. Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English is a(n) ______ dictionary. ( )
28
A. specialized B. desk C. pocket D. encyclopedic
30. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDCE) was noted for the
) following aspects EXCEPT ______. (
A. its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usages
B. its simple and clear definitions C. its use of extra column
D. its meticulous and complete grammatical information
上一页[1][2][3]下一页
?. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) types of morphemes; 3) sense relations and 4) types of idioms. (10% ) A B
( ) 31. rich/well-to-do/poor A. contradictory term of antonym
( ) 32. call it a day B. superordinate/subordinate ( ) 33. sow v. to scatter seeds/sow n. female adult pig C. homograph
( ) 34. recollection/idealistic D. idiom nominal in nature
( ) 35. employer/employee E. notional words ( ) 36. without/behind F. relative term of antonym ( ) 37. fish/herring G. bound morphemes ( ) 38. cut and dried H. free morphemes ( ) 39. watch/teach I. idiom verbal in nature ( ) 40. brain trust J. idiom adjectival in nature ?. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
41. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.
42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change and ______. 43. ______ morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.
44. Prefixes only modify the ______ of the stem. 45. Lexical ______ of a word has two components:
conceptual meaning and associative meaning. 46. In dictionaries, a ______ has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate
entries.
47. Indeed, it often happens that a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the ______ has changed.
48. The sentence ,I lost Betty’s picture.‖ is ambiguous due to ______.
49. Based on the criterion of ______ functions, idioms may be classified into five groups.
50. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both ______ dictionaries and encyclopedia. ?. Define the following terms. (10%) 51. word 52. clipping 53. onomatopoeic 54. synchronic approach 55. desk dictionaries
?. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )
56. Why, in modern English, were word endings mostly lost with just a few exceptions? 57. What are the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?
58. How do you account for the semantic change in the living languages?
59. What are contextual clues? Find out the meanings of the words in bold type and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meanings. A. Do you know the architect? He designed St. Paul’s Cathedral.
B. The book was only published posthumously, for the author had been dead for three years already. C. It is undesirable to write with too many parentheses, a pair of brackets round word or phrases.
?. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%) 60. Analyze and comment on the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the
extra-linguistic factors, each with example word(s) given below.
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pen, atom churl copperhead
61. Analyze and comment on the fundamental difference between the processes of radiation and concatenation with the words neck and treacle.
全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ____ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. ( ) A. small
B. meaningful C. vocal D. large
2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. ( ) A. Terminology B. Jargon C. Slang D. Argot
3. ,I’m sure that they will come today.‖
There are____content words in the above sentence. ( ) A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
4. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops? ( ) A. Acronym. B. Blending. C. Elevation. D.
Borrowing.
5. Social, economic and political changes bring about
such new words as the followings EXCEPT____. ( ) A. kungfu B.TV dinner C. fast food D. Watergate
6. In modern times, ____is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. ( )
A. semantic change B. borrowing C, expansion D. creation
7. The plural morphme ,-s‖ is realizd by/Iz/after the following sounds
EXCEPT____.( ) A. /s/ B. /g/ c. /z/ D. /ろ/
8. The word ,idealistic‖ comprises ____morphemes. ( ) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D.
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9. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ____.( ) A. happier B. worker C. harder D. taller
10. ,Washing machine‖ is a word formed by____.( )A. prefixation B.
compounding C. conversion D. blending
11. ,TV‖ is a(n) ____.( ) A. initialism B. acronym C. derivative D.
compound
12. The prefix ,mis-‖ in the word ,mistrust‖ is a ____prefix. ( ) A.
negative B. reversative C. pejorative
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D. locative
13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of ,word meaning‖?
( ) A. Reference. B. Concept. C. Sense. D. Pronunciation.
14. Such synonymous pair as ,die-pass away‖ has the same ____but different
stylistic values. ( ) A. reference B. concept C. motivation D. style
15. The word ,airmail‖ is ____motivated. ( ) A. onomatopoeically B.
etymologically C. semantically D. morphologically
16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( ) A. linguistically B. semantically C. grammatically D. pragmatically
17, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. ( ) A. Onomatopoeically B. Diachronically C. Synchronically D. Etymologically
18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. ( ) A. ideology B. etymology C. mythology
D. methodology
19. Vocabulary is the most ____element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. ( ) A. unbalanced B. unstable
C. unhinged D. undoubted
20. In Shakespeare’s well-known Hamlet, rival means ,____‖and jump
means ,just‖. ( ) A. janitor B. partner C. collector D. observer
21. In the sentence ,Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.‖ The word
grown can be classified into ____sense of transfer. ( ) A. physical B. objective C.
sensational D. subjective
22. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called ____context. ( ) A. non-linguistic B. lexical C.
grammatical D. cultural
23. The sentence ,He is a hard businessman.‖ is ambiguous due to____. ( ) A.
grammatical structure B. lexical context C. homonymy D. polysemy
24. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire____. ( ) A.
physical situation B. grammatical structure C. mental activity D. cultural background
25. Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? ( ) A. Phonetic manipulation. B. Lexical manipulation. C. Syntactical manipulation. D. Figures of speech.
26. In nothing flat as an idiom is ____in nature. ( )A. verbal B. nominal C.
adjectival
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D. adverbial
27. The idiom ,failure is the mother of success‖ is a ____ as far as figures of
speech are concerned. ( ) A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy D.
personification
28. Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook? ( )
A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. B. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary. C. A Chinese-English Dictionary.
D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary. 29. Webster’s Third New
International Dictionary is the best-known ______dictionary. ( ) A. unabridged B. desk C. pocket D. encyclopedic
30. British dictionaries generally use____to mark the pronunciation.
A. British Phonetic Alphabet B. American Phonetic Alphabet C. International Phonetic Alphabet D. Webster’s Phonetic Alphabet
II. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)
A B ( ) 31. appreciative
meanings A. maltreat ( ) 32. parent/child B. Jap/nigger ( ) 33.
pejorative prefixes C. tremble (not quiver) with fear
( ) 34. man/woman D. famous/determined ( ) 35.
hyperactive/superfreeze E. extraordinary/telecommunication
( ) 36. collocative meaning E prefixes of degree
( ) 37. decompose/unwrap G. inflectional affixes
( ) 38. pejorative meaning H. reversative prefixes
( ) 39. radios/desks I. contradictory terms ( ) 40. locative prefixes
J. relative terms llI. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____form that can function in a sentence.
42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present ____language.
43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ____morphemes.
44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called____.
45. Though having little lexical meaning, ____words have strong grammatical meaning.
46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____of the whole set alter.
47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or____. 48. The sentence ,I like Mary better than Jean.‖ will lead
to____.
49. The fixity of idioms depends on the____. 50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ____and encyclopedic dictionaries. IV. Define the following terms. (10%) 51. borrowed words 52. conversion 53. motivation 54. narrowing
55. replacement of idioms
V. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%) 56. What are derivational affixes?
57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.
58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?
The fairy tale ,The Sleeping Beauty‖ is very interesting.
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59. Decide whether the following statement is true or
false, based on your understanding of the stylistic
features of idioms.
Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal
nor informal.
VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write
your answers in the space given below. (20%)
60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the
italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms. [a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year. [b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year. [c] The metal will expand if heated. 61.State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.
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