高中英语系动词和助动词精讲及练习

高中英语系动词和助动词精讲及练习 系动词和助动词 一、 动词概述 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类: 类别 例句 使用特点 行为动词 及物动词 Love, make 后跟宾语 不及物动词 Go, rise 后不跟宾语 连系动词 Be, look 后跟表语 助动词 Be, have, do, shall, will, did 本身没有词义，后跟动词原形 或分词，构成疑问句或否定句 等 情态动词 Can, may, mist 本身有词义，后跟动词原形， 构成谓语 二、 连系动词 系动词亦称连系动词(Link Verb)，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语(亦称补语)，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。大致分七种 1状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall(asleep), get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果) 7(使役动词:let,have,make 使，让… Let /make somebody do sth The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school. Make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful. Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事 Have sth done 让某物被 My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed. 有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如: Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词) He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词) They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词) They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时) 三、 助动词 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。构成时态,语态。 助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。 (doesn't是助动词，无词义;like是主要动词，有词义) 1、助动词be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)的用法 (1) be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。 Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴, She was reading a book then.那时她正在读 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 。 (2)be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。 He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。 You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。 (3)be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况: ?表示计划、安排将要发生的事。 Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀, I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。 ?表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。 You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。 You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。 ?表示义务、责任等，同should。 You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。 What is to be done?该干什么。 ?表示可能性，与情态动词may, can同义。 Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。 Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。 ?表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示命运或注定 They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了，没想到再 也不能相见了。 He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。 ?用于习语 Where am I to go? 我该向何处去, What am I to do? 我该怎么办, 2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法 (1)助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时 He has been a doctor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。 This is the place I have been longing to visit.这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。 (2)和不定式构成谓语，表示客观上不得不做的事情。 We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我们己经误了火车，我们只能等下 一列。 -Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗, -No. We don't have to.不，不必了。 3、do(does, did) 的用法 (1)构成疑问句或否定句 How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。 He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。 (2)加强语气。 He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。 Do come and see us.一定来看我们。 (3)代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。 -You like popular music, don't you?你喜欢流行音乐，是吧, -Yes , I do.是的，我喜欢。 He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。 (4)用于倒装句中。 Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。 Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那时，我才了解到英语的重要性。 (5)构成否定的祈使句。 Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。 Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。 4. 助动词shall和will的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如: I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。 He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。 说明: 在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较: He shall come. 他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。) He will come. 他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。) shall在疑问句中,用于第一,第三人称,征求对方意愿 shall I turn on the light? 要开灯吗?( 我把灯打开好吗?) shall he come to see you? 他要不要来看你 (比较: will he come to see you? 他会不会来看你) shall 用在陈述句, 与第二第三人称连用, 变为情态动词 表示允诺,命令,警告,和说话人的决心等 5.助动词should,would的用法 1)should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如: I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。 比较: "What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么,"我问道。(可以说，shall变成直接引语时，变成了should。) 2) would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如: He said he would come. 他说他要来。 比较: "I will go," he said. 他说:"我要去那儿。" 变成间接引语，就成了: He said he would come. 原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。过去式从原来的go变为came。 系动词专项训练 1. —What is Mr Wang like? —____. A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kind C. He looks like a balloon D. He likes English 2. What Mr White said sounds____. A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely 3. The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three. A. turned B. goes C. became D. went 4. When he was a child he____ . A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true 5. His voice____ as if he has a cold. A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems 6. This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton. A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems 7. He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month A. that B. as if C. when D. so far 8. It ____that he was late for the train. A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems 9. These apples taste_____. A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good 10. —Do you like the shirt? —Yes, it ____ very soft. A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt 11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep A. kept B. got C. fell D. fall 12. When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark. A. going B. getting C. running D. coming 13. Their plan ____ to be a perfect one. A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving 14. The flowers in the garden ____ sweet. A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell 15. She____ like her mother in character. A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels 16. It____ another fine day tomorrow. A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks 17. He ____ much younger than he really is. A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns 18. You____ very pale. Do you feel sick? A. looked B. look C. looking D. are looked 19. His wish to become a driver has ____true. A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown 20. Her father ____a writer. A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become 助动词专项训练 1.If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match. a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has 2.When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast. a. will rise b. shall rise c. should rise d.would rise 3.In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. a. has made b. have made c. had made d. having made 4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work. a. don’t/had b. didn’t/have c. didn’t/had d. don’t/have 5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time? a. Do/have come b. Did/will have come c. Does/will come d. Do/will have come 6.He said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus. a. was runing b. was running c. were running d. is running 7.No sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey. a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked 8.“______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel. a. Should b. Can c. Might d. May 9.There are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time. a. they may not at all b. all they may not c. they can’t all d. all they can’t 10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.” a. mustn’t attend b. cannot have attended c. would have not attended d. needn’t have attended 11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?” “No, officer. I ______. This car can’t do more than 80.” a. didn’t need to be b. may not have been c. couldn’t have been d. needn’t have been 12.he was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police. a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able to 13.If they ______, our plan will fall flat. a..are co-operating b. had not co-operated c. won’t co-operate d. didn’t co-operate 14.I hoped ______ my letter. a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answers d. her answering 15.He ______ live in the country than in the city. a. prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather 16.______ to see a film with us today? a. Did you like b. Would you like c. Will you like d. Have you liked 17.I’m sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply ______ what I did. a. must do b. had to do c. ought to have done d. have to do 18.“Time is running out,______?” a. hadn’t we better got start b. hadn’t we better get start b. hadn’t we better get started d. hadn’t we better not started 19.No one ______ that to his face. a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say 20.The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise. a. need b. ought c. must d. dare 21.You ______ last week if you were really serious about your work. a. ought to come b. ought to be coming c. ought have come d. ought to have come 22.The elephants ought ______ hours ago by the keepers. a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed 23.“I wonder why they’re late.” “They ______ the train.” a. can have missed b. could miss c. may have missed d. might miss 24.“Tom graduated from college at a very young age.” “He ______ have been an outstanding student.” a. must b. could c. should d. might 25.You ______ the examination again since you had already passed it. a. needn’t have taken b. didn’t need to take c. needn’t take d. mustn’t take 26.He is really incompetent! The letter ______ yesterday. a. should be finished typing b. must be finished typing c. must have finished typing d. should have been finished typing 27.The boy told his father that he would rather ______ an astronaut. a. become b. to become c. becoming d. became 28.When we reached the station, the train had still not arrived; so we ______. a. needed not to hurry b. needn’t have hurried c.need not to have hurried d. didn’t need to hurry 29.Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend,_____ you like to have dinner with us tonight? a. will b. won’t c. wouldn’t d. do 30.He was afraid what he had done ______ a disastrous effect on his career. a. might have b. could be c. have been d. shall be 31.He ______ hardly say anything more, since you know about it. a. don’t need to b. needn’t c. needs d. need 32.You ______ the look on his face when he won the prize. a. would have seen b. should have seen c. must see d. can be seeing 33.Some people think the stock market will crash, but ______. a. I wonder if it happens b. I doubt if it will happen c. I am afraid it wouldn’t happen d. I doubt if it does happen 34.“Whatever has happened to George?” “I don’t know. He ______ lost.” a. can have got b. may have got c. might get d. could get 35.He has no idea what the book is about. He ______read the book. a. couldn’t b. couldn’t have c. mightn’t have d. shouldn’t have 36.New studies show that two of Saturn’s rings ______ longer than the 4.5 billion years since the birth of the Solar System. a. could have lasted b. should have lasted c. would have lasted d. must be lasting 37.Take the telescope with you in case you ______ it in your expedition. a. will need b. would need c. should need d. could need 38.Need he come at once? Yes, he ______. a. must b. must not c. need d. may 39.Please answer the phone. It ______ be by your father. If it is, would you tell that I want to see him? a. will b. should c. would d. could 40.We’ll never give in whatever they ______ say or do. a. may b. will c. shall d. should 41.With all this work on hand, he ______ to the cinema last night. a. mustn’t go b. wouldn’t go c. oughtn’t go d. shouldn’t have gone 42.Everyone ______ the cake because there wasn’t even a small piece left. a. must like b. must have liked c. must have been liking d. had liked 43.I wish to recollect where I met her, ______? a. would I b. may I c. may not I d. can I 44.I ______ think he will ______ dare the risk. a. not/ .. b. do/not c. ../not d. don’t/.. 45.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it ______ be active. a. may not b. must c. might d. is not 46.You ______ your seats today if you want to go to the game. a. had better to reserve b. had better reserve c. had to better reserve d. had to reserve better 47.I ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. a. would rather not have b. would not rather had c. rather would not have d. rather not would have 48.Many scientists ______ their own eyes and ears than the theories of the ancients. a. would rather to believe b. would rather believe c. rather would believe d. will rather believe 49.To travel from England to Scotland you ______ a passport. a. haven’t got b. mustn’t have c. needn’t d. don’t need 50.One of the statements ______ to be untrue. a. is turned out b. has turned out c. have been turned out d. have turned out 51.I don’t know whether it will rain or not, but if it ______ rain, I shall stay at home. a. will b. did c. does d. shall 52.“You’d like some tea,______?” a. wouldn’t you b. shouldn’t you c. hadn’t you d. didn’t you 53.“May we take the books out?” a. No, you may not b. No, you can not c. No, you can’t d. Please don’t 54.“I would have come sooner, but I ______ that you were waiting.” a. didn’t know b. hasn’t known c. hadn’t know d. haven’t known 55.If you don’t want to, you ______ to get there with us. a. mustn’t b. can’t c. don’t have d. have not 56.I would go to visit them but I ______ think they are anxious to see me. a. haven’t b. don’t c. doesn’t d. didn’t 57.Whatever you can do,______. a. I can do so as well b. I can do this as well c.I can do it as well d. I can do as well 58._____ I realized the consequences I would never have contemplated getting involved. a. Had b. Have c. Having d. Has 59.“Perhaps she is working for John.” “Yes, she ______ for him.” a.need have been working b. may be working c.ought have been working d. ought be working 60.“I know she was in because I heard her radio, but she didn’t open the door.” “She ______ the bell.” a. may not be hearing b. may not have heard c.must not have heard d. must not be hearing 61. “He was smoking.” “Then he ______ .” a.ought to have been not smoking b. ought to have not been smoking c.ought not to have been smoking d. ought to not have been smoking 62.You ______ out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold. a. oughtn’t have gone b. shouldn’t have gone c. mustn’t have gone d. can’t have gone 63.“Paul was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a lorry.” “He _____ a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed.” a. shouldn’t have been riding b. couldn’t have been riding c.oughtn’t have been riding d. can’t have been riding 64.I am listening. But you ______. a. need be listening b. should be listening c. need have been listening d. ought be listening 65.He ______ with us last night. a.would have liked to go b. should like to be going c.should be liked to go d. would like to go 66.I ______ his face when he opened the letter. a. should like you to see b. would have liked you to be seen c.should like you to have seen d. would like you to see 67.You say you ______ do it, but I say you ______ do it. a. ought not/could b. will not/shall c. could not/need d. shall not/ought 68.We ______ put the meeting off for a week. a. can as well b. will as well c. shall as well d. may as well 69.______ wind your watch every day? a. Do you need b. Must you have to c. Have you to d. Do you have to 70.______ give him a chance to try? a. Oughtn’t to we b. Oughtn’t we to c. Ought to we not d. Oughtn’t we 71.“Did you blame him for his mistakes?” “______” a. I’d rather not do b. I’d not rather do c. I’d better not do d. I’d rather not doing 72.You had better ______ your hair cut. a. had b. have c. to get d. to have 73.My sister didn’t go to the party last night because she ______ the baby for her friend until 9:30. a.must have looked after b. would have to look after c.had to look after d. should have looked after 74.Mary is very late, she ______. a.may miss her train b. may have missed her train c.must miss her train d. could miss her train 75.No matter what you may say, he ______ to his own views. a.would always stick b. will always stick c. should always stick d. must always stick to 76.It’s wonderful that you ______ have achieved so much in these years. a. may b. can c. should d. would 77.The students asked whether he ______ take the books out of the reading-room. a. could b. might c. should d. would 78.He ______ still be thinking about the question you raised. a. may b. might c. must d. should 79.I’d be glad if you______ give me an account of the fact. a.shall b. should c. would d. may 80.He ______ accomplish the task in time. a. did b. has c. is d. do 系动词练习答案与 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 1. B What’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语，答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。 2. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接形容词作表语，答案B、C、D均为副词。 3. D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时，用系动词go表示。 4. C run wild是固定搭配，表示“放荡不羁”。 5. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接as if 引导的表语从句，表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。 6. C feel作系动词用时，表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。 7. B as if引导表语从句时，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，从句谓语用过去完成式。 8. D “ It seems that…” 表示“看起来……”。是固定句型，强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。 9. D taste表示“尝起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。 10. A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某种感觉”时，是系动词，用于一般现在时。 11. C fall asleep表示“入睡”，是固定搭配，根据题意，应用过去时。 12. B get表示“逐渐……起来”、“开始……起来”时，是系动词，多用于进行时。 13. A prove表示“证明是”时，是系动词。 14. D smell表示“有……的气味”、“散发气味”时，是系动词，后面接形容词。 15. C belike表示“看起来像”时，既可指外貌，又可指品质和特征，侧重于特征。 16. B promise表示“有……的可能”、“给人以……的指望”时，是系动词，后面接名词作表语。 17. A appear表示“看起来”时，是系动词。侧重于在外表给人某种印象，常为“假象”。 18. B look表示“显得”、“看起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，用 进行时态，常带有感情色彩。 19. C come true是固定搭配，表示“实现”，其中come是系动词，表示“成为”、 “变得”。 20. D become表示“变成”，作系动词用，在后面作表语的名词前要加a或an。 turn后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。 助动词练习答案 1 B 19 C 37 C 55 C 73 C 2 D 20 B 38 A 56 B 74 B 3 A 21 D 39 D 57 D 75 B 4 C 22 D 40 A 58 A 76 C 5 D 23 C 41 D 59 B 77 A 6 B 24 A 42 B 60 B 78 B 7 D 25 B 43 B 61 C 79 C 8 B 26 D 44 D 62 B 80 A 9 C 27 A 45 B 63 A 10 B 28 B 46 B 64 B 11 C 29 C 47 A 65 A 12 D 30 A 48 B 66 C 13 C 31 D 49 D 67 B 14 B 32 B 50 B 68 D 15 D 33 B 51 C 69 D 16 B 34 B 52 A 70 B 17 B 35 B 53 D 71 A 18 C 36 A 54 A 72 B