2010年下半年12月最新大学英语四级考试资料(很详细)
2010年6月英语四级复习大全
第一章 听力理解
第一节 听力题型改革概述
听力比例由原来的20%提升到35%:短对话部分由原来的10题减至8题,增加两篇长对话～题量在3至4题每篇～一共7题,短文(俗称‚段子题?)仍为3篇～题量在3至4题每篇～一共10题,复合式听写保持不变。以上4个听力部分中～短对话和长对话的分值一共占15%～而短文和复合式听写的分值一共占20%。听力题材涉及的范围更加广泛～形式灵活多样～包括对话、讲座、广播电视节目等等。
第二节 听力题型概述及应试策略
一、关于对话题
(一) 长短对话听力题改革与分析
1. 听力短对话部分虽然由原先的10题改为8题～但就其题目特点与解题思路而言与以往的老题型没有太大的差异。这些题目一如既往地贯彻了以往的几大常见考点:
〃转折引起的作者态度及谈论重点的变化,
〃对现象原因的阐述与补充,
〃反问句式、反意疑问句式的考察:反问和反意疑问在四级考试中永远以一种无疑而问的形式出现～这次依然用了这样的一个形式。因此～只要能很好把握其“无疑而问”的特点～就能方便解题。当然也应该注意到～反问句往往作为加强语气的建议句型出现的这一考点。
〃建议句型的考察:建议句型往往是比较复杂的考点之一～因为句型相对比较多～而且隐蔽性比较强。
〃场景、人物关系的推测,
〃语音语调的考察。
综上所述～试点考试将依然遵循以往的考试规律和特点～一脉相承。但所谓的短对话却也越来越长～这也体现了现在考试在句型句式、言外之意和内容复杂化三个方面的发展趋势。
2. 听力长对话并不可怕～它结合了短对话对问答句式～建议请求～和关键场景赐予的考察和长段子对文章层次和理解能力的要求。所以做这样的题目往往需要具备综合的素质～既要注意其中的细节～又要注意整体的把握～还要能够应付7道题目的题量～这比以往的四级题目对综合能力的要求显著提高了。
(二) 长短对话听力技巧
应注意以下几点:
1. 提前阅读选项～判断问题所属～从而集中精力于有关信息。
2. 注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等。
当同学们看到四个地点和职业名词时～大脑中就应该马上出现与这些地点或职业相关的一系列词语～在听的过程中注意提到了什么信息词语～这样就可轻松地判断谈话发生的地点～说话人的职业或身份～以及谈话双方的关系。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
为此～同学们有必要了解与各种职业和地点行业有关的信息词汇～如:
饭店:menu, order, waitress, waiter, take order, go Dutch, It's my treat等,
旅馆:check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk等,
医院:physician, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, visiting hours, prescribe
等,
银行:open an account, withdraw, deposit, saving, cash a check等,
飞机/机场:safety-belt, boarding card, captain, airhostess, airline, take off, land, crash
等。
3. 注意加减运算～听到的不是答案
在涉及时间、距离、金钱等数量概念的听力中～一般都要求同学们进行加减方面的运算～
很少是听到什么就是什么。有时～计算可能会麻烦些～同学们可以先将听到的时间等记下～等
有时间在计算。在计算题中应特别注意以下数字的读音差别:
13---30, 14-40, 15 --- 50, 16 --- 60, 17 -70, 18 -80, 19 -90
选项中会有这种数字读音差别的考查。如:
W: when does the next train leave?
M: You have just missed one by 5 minutes. Trains leave every 50 minutes, so you'll have
to wait for a while.
Q: How long does the woman have to wait for the next train? A. 45 minutes B. 50 minutes C. 10 minutes D. 5 minutes 如果把50minutes 听成了15 minutes～就会误选C。
4. 注意记笔记～将人物、地点、时间等对号入座
听力测试中的另外一种现象就是～四个选项中的人物、地点、时间或事件等在对话中可能
都有提及。在这种情况下～同学们所需要的不是寻找信息词～而是注意将四个选项与对话中提
及的信息对号入座。如:
(1) W: Do you enjoy life in Washington?
M: Yes, indeed. I'm planning to move to New York or Boston. Anyway, I've never
regretted my earlier decision.
Q: Where does the man live now?
A. In New York B. In boston C. In New port D. In Washington 四个地点对话中提到了三个～具体是哪一个～同学们在听的时候应注意分辨。
(2) M: Please buy two packs of cigarettes for me while you are at the store. W: I am not going to any store. I'm going to see Aunt Mary. But I will get them for you
at the gas station.
Q: Where will the woman stop on her way?
A. At a cigarette store.
B. At a bus station.
C. At a gas station.
D. At Aunt Mary's
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in2
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如果地点不含职业性的对比～一般就很可能属于这里所介绍的类型～那么同学们所做的就是分别。
5. 从语法入手、从短语含义入手～判断隐含之意
四级听力中常考查的语法是建议和虚拟语气。要求同学们判断建议是什么～虚拟中含义是什么。就建议而言～同学们只需注意建议的各种表达方式～就可解答这类听力题,至于虚拟语气～我想同学们可以记住这样一条规律:与所听到的相反的就是答案。
6. 概括与具体～具体与抽象相对～概括的、抽象的是解
这类题主要是话题的选择～也包括一些对整个事件的评价等。如:
(1) W: We all talk about how liberated we are, but in fact woman are still not treated
equally.
M: I don't think so. You've got the vote, you've got your careers I think you've got
everything important.
Q: What are they talking about?
A. The woman's job as a librarian.
B. Woman's rights in society.
C. An important election.
D. Career planning.
谈论的话题应是一个抽象的概括性的东西～所以答案是B。
(2) M: This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years. It has caused much damage
and destruction.
W: Look at the price of fruits and vegetables. No wonder they are expensive.
Q: What are they talking about?
A. The effects of the flood.
B.The heroic fight against flood.
C. The cause of the flood.
D.Floods of the past twenty years.
能够概括对话中物价上涨的应该是A。
7. 肯定与不肯定相对～含义不肯定的是解
这一技巧用于解答说话者言外之意的听力题。如:
(1) W: I intend to buy some fruits for the children. These apples and pears seem to be in
season. I'll get two dozen of each. M: I hope they're as good as they look. Q: What does the man mean?
A. The apples and pears might no be so good. B. The apples are not as good as the pears. C. The apples and pears are very good. D. The apples and pears are as good as they look.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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hope的使用说明答案应该是不太可能的选项～自然是A。
(2) W: If this weather keeps up, I'm going to have to buy a warmer coat.
M: Sounds like a good idea. Spring is still a long way off, you know.
Q: What does the man mean?
A. The woman should wait to buy new clothes. B. The cold weather will probably continue. C. The weather will warm up soon. D. He already has a warm coat.
Sounds like a good idea说明了语气的不可能～答案应该是B。
8. ‚同意?是解
一般情况下～如果四个选项中有一个表示‚同意?的概念～那么～此选项就是正确选项。如: (1) W: It's a wonderful film, isn't it? M: You can say that again.
Q: What does the man mean?
A. He agrees with the woman.
B. He didn't hear what the woman said. C. He is surprised by her opinion. D. He thinks she should look at it again. 请同学们注意以下表示同意对方观点的常用语。如果听到这些～就可以选择含有‚同意?的选项:
You said it.
You can say that again.
You are telling me.
You may/might well say so.
I'll say.
I couldn't agree more.
二、关于段子题
改革与分析:从出题的形式～考察的重点～以及题目的数量来看都和原来考察的题目一模一样。 (一) 短文听力的体裁和题材
从历年四级听力短文题材体裁分布情况看～四级听力短文的体裁主要是记叙文和说明文～而题材出现频率最高的是小故事～几乎每年都有一篇。幽默小故事一般以记叙文的方式出现～这类文章有一定的情节～比较有趣～浅显易懂。应该特别注意人物的语言～同时捕捉并记录可以回答who, what, when, where, how and why等问题的有关信息～从而抓住故事发展的脉络～理解全文。人物传记属于记叙文～一般是对真人真事的记叙～大多记叙中外历史上一些杰出的政治家、科学家、文艺家的生平事迹或事业上的成就～也可以继续普通人物的特殊经历和业绩。应该特别注意人物的生卒年月地点、主要业绩年代～以及对人物的社会评价～这些一般都是明显的考点。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in4
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Yangshuo New Start English College
说明文也是常见的体裁。它通常是用来说明一些科普知识、生活常识或社会问题。说明文中科普短文比较多～不像小故事～缺乏趣味性～一般比较难懂。有时短文的句子结构较为复杂～有时会夹杂一些专业术语～这都增添了短文的难度。
风土人情类文章包括对英美等西方国家的机构设施介绍以及西方文学艺术的说明～真题中涉及过的主题多种多样～如英国监狱介绍、伦敦出租车司机情况、吉普赛人的历史、美洲农作物历史、著名作家及其作品等。而学校教育类文章也着重于英美教育体系的介绍～如英语学习和教育情况、美国学校教育制度、图书馆使用介绍等。
日常生活类文章包括以说明文形式描述的日常使用的生活用品～如电脑、服饰、书籍等～以及以议论文形式表述的日常生活中经常谈论的话题和活动～如家庭生活、独生子女、税收等。
(二) 短文听力提问方式及应试策略
短文听力的提问方式最常见的有4种类型。
1. 中心思想题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。
提问方式有:What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this
passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about?
What is the speaker talking about? 等等。
做这一类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头～因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山～把中心思想臵于文章的开头。另外～如果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇～同样也值得我们特别注意～因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想～通常就是正确答案。 2. 事实细节题。所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等～问题一般为wh-question的形式。
这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感～及时做好笔记,另外～文中一旦出现以因果连词(如because, so, due to等)和转折连词(如but, however, though等)引导的句子也要格外留心～这些地方往往就是考点。
3. 对错判断题。这类题常用以下提问方式:Which of the following is true/not true,
according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned? 等等。
听到这类题时～一定要听清提问～对于有没有not一词要弄清楚。一般情况下～not一词会重读。
4. 推理推测题。这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断～才能做出正确的选择。提问方式有:What can be inferred from the passage? What does the speaker think about the
problem…? What does the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel
about…?等等。
做这类题时一定要注意与短文内容一样的不是推断～而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。
(三) 短文听力答题步骤
先浏览分析选择项～在此基础上猜测测试的内容及题型,然后带着问题去认真聆听材料～并有针对性地记录题目中涉及到的信息点,最后根据所给的提问～快速选择答案～其中考生一
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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定要注意跟上录音节奏～决不可出现为了某一个词而停下来揣摩许久的情况。因此听的时候～
即使遇到生词听不懂意思～或者是‚似曾相识?但一时想不起来的词～一定不要停下来～而是
必须继续往后听～或许听到后面～一下会恍然大悟～即使某一个或几个词听不懂～大多数情况
也无大碍。
下面以实例具体说明做题步骤:
第一步:浏览分析选项～抓住高频词～概括文章梗概。,预测法,
1(A. The silk T-shirt in white color
B. The cotton T-shirt with a slogan on picture
C. The nylon T-shirt worn on playground
D. The wool T-shirt worn for work
2. A. T-shirts feel soft and wash well
B. T-shirts are smart and comfortable
C. T-shirts go well with trousers
D. T-shirts are suitable for evening
3. A. New technology is being employed
B. Advertisements are being widely used
C. New designs are being adopted
D. More synthetic materials are being introduced
我们可以在听录音读Section B前一大段答题要求时快速浏览一下此题各选项。很显然～T-shirt是出现最多的一个词～这样我们就能大致预测出短文的大意:介绍T恤衫。再具体地看各题的选项。
第一题的四个选择项分别是‚白色丝织T恤?～‚有文字和图案的棉T恤?～‚运动场上穿的尼龙T恤?～‚工作时穿的羊毛面料的T恤?。说的是各种T恤的质地～材料～图案及用途。因此～听材料时需要留意相关部分。
第二题四个选项都说的是T恤的特点～如‚感觉柔软～洗涤方便?～‚美观舒适?～‚便于搭配裤装?～‚适于晚上穿着?。那么材料中究竟提到哪几项或者会在怎样的情况下提到哪几项呢～需要到时仔细听并稍作归纳和总结。另外～可能还要特别注意一下提问～因为提问方式也许会是:‚Which of the following is NOT mentioned??
第三题四个选项分别是‚采用了新技术?～‚大量的广告宣传?～‚采用新的设计?～‚引入更多的合成材料?～对于这些选项～较为合理的提问方式也许是:T恤的发展状况如何～为什么T恤会更受欢迎等。这样我们就基本能预测出文章大致讲了哪几部分内容了。
第二步:仔细听录音～注意记录相关信息。,笔记法，模糊法,
下面是原文材料:
For many years T-shirts were simple short-sleeved undershirts for men and boys.
T-shirts used to be of one color — white. Today the T-shirt has become fashionable. It
can be seen everywhere and on anyone. Women and little children wear T-shirts, so do
teenagers, university students and men from all walks of life. T-shirts are worn on the
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in6
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Yangshuo New Start English College
playground, at the beach or in town. They can also be worn for work. Yet, T-shirts remain
relatively inexpensive and long wearing as well as easy to care for: smart but comfortable and convenient to wear, they have become one of America?s newest ideas on
fashion. Although T-shirts are now available in wide variety of bright materials and
styles, the most popular kind is the traditional cotton T-shirts with a slogan on picture
printed on the front. A T-shirt may bear a simple word, a popular phrase, and pictures of
popular singers or an advertisement. As T-shirts are becoming more and more popular,
new designs are coming up all the time.
第三步:听清提问～确定答案。,预测法，排除法,
以下是三个问题:
1. What?s the most popular kind of T-shirt?
2. Why do people like to wear T-shirts so much today? 3. What?s being done to make T-shirts more attractive?
在听的过程中通过不数地核实信息～再根据后面的提问～我们就能很快地选出各题正确答
案～文章倒数第3句是与第1个问题直接对应的信息～并且还有很明显的most popular kind
语句～只要在听的过程中听懂了这一句～就能马上选出B为正确答案。而且～倒数第2句还具
体讲了这种T恤的款式～可以帮助确认信息。smart but comfortable and convenient to wear, they have become one of America?s newest ideas on fashion是对第2个问题的直接回答～
听清了这一句～就能选出B为正确答案。第3题～文章最后一句直接与提问对应。正确答案为
C。
(四) 短文听力备考训练方法
一般说来～短文听力备考训练必须抓住竖听和横听两点结合来进行。所谓竖听～是指一套
题目从头听到尾～从第一题听到最后一题。所谓横听～是指把相同题材和体裁的文章放在一块
对照比较着听～从而迅速抓住同类型文章的规律～真正做到以不变应万变。
考生可以在历年考题中选取10-20篇不同题材和不同体裁的文章～依据以下几个步骤～横
竖结合来进行精听训练。
Step 1:第一遍听磁带时认真做题～对所选取的每段文章都认真仔细～注意时间～模拟考场氛
围。做完以后还需注意统计对错个数～并分析选项设臵特点～练习快速扫描选项的能力。
Step 2:脱离文字材料再听4-5遍磁带。此时绝对不允许照着文字材料听～应该反复使用录音
机上的重复键～尽最大努力听懂全文内容。听第5遍或第6遍的时候～可以一边听一边将全文
笔录下来～然后对照文字材料～看看笔录有什么问题～分析听不懂的原因～是语音、词汇还是
语法,然后有的放矢地加以解决。
Step 3:在足够熟悉此段落中的内容后～打开文字材料～一边听录音一边看～并在段落中相应
考点和问题答案～仔细体会～分析自己为什么被某些干扰项误导。
Step 4:跟着磁带大声朗读～以提高自己的语速。如果自己的语速能基本跟上听力材料的语速～
再做同类型题目～困难就不大了。
另外～大家在练习中一定要养成良好的习惯～尽量避免:
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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1. 鸵鸟式听法。很多同学听力过程中没有动手的习惯～听就是听～在做题时才努力回忆与该题有关的信息。甚至有同学喜欢闭着眼睛听或者把头低下来～伏在桌子上听～并认为这样注意力更集中～但这样往往容易走神～听的效率非常低。
2. 多而不精。对于已经听过的材料～很多同学都很少再听～这是一个错误的观念。片面追求练习的量～并不能有效提高做听力题时的悟性～必须用心去感受才能收到显著的效果。 3. 不愿对着文字材料大声朗读～认为听力就是听力～没有必要和朗读口语联系起来。其实听力考的是口头语言～口语提高了～听力也就自然而然上去了。同时朗读可以培养正确的语音语调～可以加强我们对文章的领悟力。
4. 训练时间安排不得当。听力训练需要思想高度集中～故时间安排以每天精神最佳时候为宜。时间不宜过长,每次连续听半小时到一小时就可。另外～由于听力是一种习惯成自然的技巧训练～所以最好每天安排一段时间～切忌三天打鱼～两天晒网。
总之～四级短文听力并不可怕～如果我们能够宏观把握～平时坚持"用心去听"～我们肯定能够从不同角度、不同层次提高自己的英语语言能力。
三、关于复合式听写
(一) 改革与分析
复合式听写就其本身形式与考点而言没有作太大改变～尤其是词汇听写部分～秉承了以往一贯的考试特点与出题作风:
〃词汇类型:
历年来复合式听写中词汇部分基本为实词。除1998年1月考过一个despite以外到目前为止都是对实词的考察。
〃名词的单复数:
名词的单复数问题一直是复合式听写考察名词的一个重点。其问题不仅出现在听力上～也考察考生的语法功底～因为单复数问题往往是听写检查工作中至关重要的一个部分～语法功底薄弱的考生往往在检查时将正确答案改错～这样的例子屡见不鲜。
〃同音、近音词分辨:
同音词一直是听写部分最大的障碍之一。同音词涉及的范围很广～很多时候是考生无法想象得到的。
〃难词考察:
四级词汇从广义上来说包括了四级本身以及四级前所有词汇～所谓难词一般是指在四级内而不属于四级前的词汇或四级考生一般不太熟悉的词汇～这些词往往是四级考试词汇部分的重点考察对象～而听力中也时不时涉及一些来考察考生对这些单词的掌握能力～当然～这里所说的掌握是从听力角度而言的～而不是仅仅停留在认知或理解层面的～至少是在听到后第一时间能反应出该词的一种能力的体现。
〃容易拼写错误的单词:
拼写错误在复合式听写中自然是不被允许的～所以一些拼写比较奇怪～或者容易拼写错误的词汇也常常成为我们的考点～虽然不是很突出～但也不容忽视。
〃词性变换使用:
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in8
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Yangshuo New Start English College
利用考生对词汇使用和理解的片面性～考察考生对词汇的全面运用的把握。这类词往往以考生所不熟悉的用法出现～从而体现考生的真实能力。
复合式听写的句子部分仍为3句～长度仍然没有超过25词～样卷中最长一句为23词～而最短一句为16词～可以说与以往考试相仿～但句子本身难度有所提升～当然～这与文章本身难度的提升是不可分割的。
总之～复合式听写完全是体现考生真实水平的一个项目～需通过广泛涉猎各类体裁内容文章(以说明、议论文为主～记叙文为辅～结合新闻题材)经过日积月累的听写训练后方可收放自如～VOA、BBC、VOA Special甚至历年考题中的短文和复合式听写内容都不失为相当优秀的训练素材。
(二) ‚复合式听写?应试方法
1. 通过卷面文字捕捉信息～找出线索、了解大意
‚复合式听写?材料多为说明文,Exposition,～这一体裁的文章具有主题突出～条理分明～层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强的特点。文章的开头或段首多半有主题句,topic sentence,～之后的段、句进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。根据‚复合式听写?样题～听写第二部分二、三自然段首和段尾均有完整的主题句。考生应利用一切机会～如考前空隙或播放考试指令时间～浏览试卷该项下文字部分～尤其是主题句～根据主题句预测文章发展线索和大意。
以四级改革样题为例～根据第二段未题句‚Often people like to take with them a gift
for the host's wife of a party they have been invited to.?及"Again, you may choose
something for the host's wife alone or for the entire family." 考生不难推测所记要点应是做客时～客人应带些什么礼品及所赠对象～而决不会涉及做客时应穿什么样的服装或到、离主人家时间等方面的内容～这样便增强了考生对文章的认知度,熟悉感。缩小了内容范围～考生听音时更具针对性和准确性～心理放松～更为自信～使自己在考试中处于主动地位。
即使‚复合式听写?材料为其它体裁的文章～听音前浏览下试题也大大有裨益。因为文章具有一致性和连贯性的特点～从试题中我们总会搜索到一些有参考价值的材料。 2、听写结合～双管齐下
根据‚复合式听写?新题型通知说明～第一遍是全文朗读～要求考生注意听懂全文内容。由于听音前考生已浏览了卷面文字～对听力材料有了大致的了解～因此听读第一遍时～考生可以适当地填写些单词和做些笔记～听为主～记为辅。要做好‚复合式听写?～考生需多多实践～获取较强的边听边记能力。听音贯穿着期待、预知、分析、综合、推理和判断等一系列过程～考生应同时快速记下几个关键词～专注地去听～获取信息理解全文。
听写中边听边记具有必要性,听和记两种不同的语言技能在‚复合式听写?中有着紧密的联系～相互促进。第一遍记下关键词有助于第二遍听写时启发记忆～提示要点～同时也减轻了第二遍笔记的任务～使笔记更加充实、完整～依次与出的内容要点才会更加全面、准确。另一方面～边听边记也具有可行性。只要多加练习～其实也不难做到。
3. 提高记笔记的效率
一般考生听完两遍基本可听懂句意,但只凭记忆写要点～往往容易有疏漏和错误。足够信息量的笔记是写好要点的重要条件,如何在有限的时间内记下更多的内容,
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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首先～使用缩略语。如～用esp. 代especially～sth代something, apprec代appreciation
等。没有缩略语的词汇～如字母较少的单词～可完整写出该词～如gift～ take～字母较多的
单词,只写该词前几个字母,。缩略语不一定要求
规范
编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载
～甚至可用些符号～所记内容不一定要
求完整～只要能起到提示的作用～自己能看懂就行。
其次～由于‚复合式听写?第二部分朗读时没有停顿～即使用缩略语也难记下全文～因此考
生应有选择地记笔记。英语中实词具有表意功能～所记词应以实词为主。
另外～因为‚复合式听写?第二部分只要求写出内容要点～这样考生应重点记下句中的中心
词。(同样以样题为例,短语a thank-you gift～greatly appreciated和quite acceptable中
的定、状语便可略去不记。
通过这几种方法～考生压缩了所记的词语～赢得了时间～精练了内容～增大了笔记的信息
量～为写好内容要点创造了条件。
4. 书面表达内容要点
‚复合式听写?全文朗读两遍后停顿五分钟～让考生根据所听和所记内容写出第二部分主要
意思。答题时～考生应针对以上内容及第一部分和第二部分的主题句进行诊折、判断、概括。
文章要点显然不可缺漏～但也无需有闻必录～多多益善～考生应分清主次～有所取爱。从这个
意义上说～‚复合式听写?还要求考生具有一定的逻辑分、归纳能力。文字表达应简洁、通顺、
准确。
5. 检查、核对内容要点
‚复合式听写?第三遍朗读供考生进行核对～核对是最后必不可少的环节～考生应抓住时机
弥补前两遍听音时所忽略或遗漏的内容～进一步修改和完善答案。
听写第一部分要求考生填入所缺单词～有时考生只凭辩音仍难以准确地判断出应为何词～
此时考生可运用自己的语言知识～修正听力细节上的不足。主要从语法结构、词语搭配、意义
连贯、上下文等多角度去推测、分析和判断,并正确拼写出单词。而在核对听写第二部分内容
要点表达时、则应注意力求要点完整、准确～尽量减少语言中语法、拼写等错误。
总之～听写是一种有效的综合性测试～它不仅考查学生词汇量、拼写、句法、听力、理解、
记笔记和一定的书面表达等方面的要素和技能～还考验学生的心理素质。所以考生在加强自己
英语水平的同时～还应该本着沉着应战的状态去应试。
第三节 强化训练
Model Test One
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in10
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At
the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both
the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be
a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and
decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with
a single line through the centre. 11.[A] The man is out of shape.
[B] The man doesn’t need a new racket.
[C] The man also needs new tennis shoes.
[D] The man spent too much on his tennis shoes.
12.[A] She prefers chemistry.
[B] She hasn’t got a partner yet.
[C] She is too tired of chemistry. [D] She is too busy to work on her chemistry.
13.[A] Customer and waitress.
[B] Teacher and student.
[C] Boss and secretary.
[D] Lawyer and client.
14.[A] He was satisfied with the service on the ship.
[B] It was the first time he had been abroad.
[C] He had never been on a warship.
[D] He has been on the warship before.
15.[A] He is confident.
[B] He is worried.
[C] He is bored.
[D] He is angry.
16. [A] The woman offered to help the man find his box.
[B] The man doesn’t know where to go.
[C] The woman will buy the man’s lunch for him.
[D] The woman will give the man a treatment.
17. [A] It?s enjoyable.
[B] It’s terrific.
[C] It?s too modern.
[D] It’s old-fashioned.
18.[A] Near the stairs.
[B] On the platform.
[C] At the ticket office.
[D] At the information desk.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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19.[A] In a college bookstore. [B] In a lecture hall.
[C] In a library.
[D] In a dormitory.
20.[A] English.
[B] Biology.
[C] Introduction to English Literature. [D] A required course.
21. [A] He lives on the 10th floor of Butler Hall.
[B] He never wants to listen to students.
[C] He used to teach biology.
[D] He is an excellent professor.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22.[A] When to move.
[B] Where to live the following year.
[C] How much time to spend at home. [D] Whose house to visit.
23. [A] Take some money to the housing office.
[B] Inform the director of student housing in a letter.
[C] Fill out a form in the library.
[D] Maintain a high grade average.
24. [A] Both live on campus.
[B] Both live off campus.
[C] The man lives on campus; the woman lives off campus.
[D] The woman lives on campus; the man lives off campus.
25. [A] Grades.
[B] Privacy.
[C] Sports.
[D] Money.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you
will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A),B),C),and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line
through the center.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.[A] The importance of advertisement. [B] The society?s great need of advertisement.
[C] The origin of advertisement.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in12
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
[D] The prosperity of advertisement.
27. [A] The local governments.
[B] Their owners families.
[C] Advertisements.
[D] The audience.
28. [A] Advertising is personal.
[B] Advertisements are convincing.
[C] Advertisements are unreliable.
[D] Advertisements are misleading.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. [A] The games shouldn?t be held in Salt Lake City.
[B] The games have met their environmental goals. [C] The games did little to protect the environment. [D] The games have caused lasting damages to the area. 30. [A] Sports competition.
[B] Cultural exchange.
[C] Economic development.
[D] Environmental protection.
31. [A] Building ski jumps farther away from the city. [B] Developing better public transportation in the city. [C] Planting more trees around the fields. [D] Promoting the use of cleaner energy.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. [A] Diet.
[B] Weight control.
[C] Aerobic exercise.
[D] Eating habits and exercise.
33. [A] Nuts.
[B] Sugar.
[C] Vegetable oil.
[D] Dairy products.
34. [A] Forty or fifty minutes of exercise once a week.
[B] Twenty or thirty minutes of exercise every day.
[C] Fifteen or twenty minutes of exercise five days a week.
[D] Thirty or forty minutes of exercise three or four days a week.
35. [A] Carbohydrates.
[B] Indirect fat.
[C] Body fluid.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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[D] Fat.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact
words you have heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the
missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just
heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for
the third time, you should check what you have written.
Today, students who want to learn English in the US have a wide choice of courses and institutions to (36)______from. And, because the US is such a big country, they also have a huge (37) ______of locations in which to study. The US has a long (38) ______of teaching English because, (39) ______its history, the country has welcomed (40) ______from all over the world, most of whom have needed to learn English. Today, the US?s English language teaching sector is well developed and its teachers are highly qualified and (41) ______American universities and colleges welcome many thousands of (42) ______students each year, who (43) ______on degree or post graduate courses. (44)
______________________. These courses are called Intensive English Language Programss and (45) ______________________. In addition to language tuition, Intensive English Language Programss give students (46) _______________________.
Model Test Two
Section A
11. [A] He’ll be able to clean the house in time.
[B] He doesn’t have time to take the woman home.
[C] It should be easy for the guests to find the house.
[D] He needs time to relax before the guests arrive.
12. [A] If the game is held there the team will lose.
[B] If the game is held there the team will win.
[C] It makes no difference since the team will lose.
[D] It makes no difference since the team will win.
13. [A] Her son’s health.
[B] Her son’s studies.
[C] Her son’s poor grades.
[D] Her son’s competence for the job.
14. [A] The shops are not crowded in December.
[B] Many people go shopping despite the cold weather in December.
[C] People don’t like to do shopping in busy shops in winter.
[D] In December people stay at home because of the cold weather.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in14
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
15. [A] The exam questions were too difficult.
[B] The questions had little connection with the course.
[C] He couldn’t finish the questions within the time allowed.
[D] He found the questions confusing.
16. [A] The movie was inexpensive.
[B] The movie was not worth watching.
[C] He didn’t have time to go to the movie.
[D] The movie lasted too long.
17. [A] He is learning about advertising.
[B] He is the new advertising manager.
[C] He is interviewing the woman.
[D] He is waiting for an interview.
18. [A] The man wants to go to San Francisco.
[B] There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.
[C] There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.
[D] If the man board the plane to Los Angeles now, he will have to transfer at San
Francisco.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. [A] A novel about a president.
[B] A political science book.
[C] A listing of election results.
[D] A text for one of his courses.
20. [A] To the manager’s office.
[B] To the paperback section.
[C] To the textbook area.
[D] To the publishers indexes.
21. [A] Only those used in the university.
[B] Only those printed at the university.
[C] Only those currently available from publishers.
[D] Only those in the field of political science.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. [A] The woman is helping the man study for his class.
[B] They are visiting a factory Kahn designed.
[C] The woman is deciding whether to take history of architecture.
[D] The woman is researching Kahn’s work.
23. [A] Inventing the assembly line.
[B] Building modern factories.
[C] Designing early automobiles.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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[D] Reviving classical architecture.
24. [A] Steel manufacturing.
[B] Coal mining.
[C] Textiles.
[D] Transportation.
25. [A] They were a fire hazard.
[B] They were too spread out.
[C] They were designed for efficiency rather than for beauty.
[D] They were difficult to heat.
Section B
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] The degree of violence in programs is too high.
[B] There shouldn’t be any commercials on television.
[C] Watching too much television is undesirable for children.
[D] Television programs in the United States are of low quality.
27. [A] A recreational programs. [B] An educational programs.
[C] A programs for cartoons. [D] A programs for commercials.
28. [A] They will become inactive and dull.
[B] They will not go to cinemas as often.
[C] They will forget to do their homework.
[D] They will imitate what they see in the programss.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. [A] Different kinds of crimes.
[B] Increasingly high crime rate in the U.S.
[C] Seasonal changes in the natural environment.
[D] The relations between changes in the season and crime patterns.
30. [A] February. [B] May. [C] July. [D] August.
31. [A] Few people get married in June.
[B] Most people read serious books in summer.
[C] More people have mental problems in June than in other months.
[D] One is most likely to make the best performance on examinations in summer.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in16
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Yangshuo New Start English College
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. [A] It is harmful to the body only.
[B] It is good to personal relationship.
[C] It is harmful to the body and mind.
[D] It is a good change after idling for a long time.
33. [A] Personal relationships should come after one’s job.
[B] People should care more about their personal relationships and relaxation.
[C] When a job is very important, relaxation should be forgotten.
[D] Personal relationships can help people do their jobs well.
34. [A] He should relax and have a chat with friends while working.
[B] He should not relax until he finishes his work.
[C] He should play hard to fully relax himself.
[D] He should shift some of his work to his colleagues.
35. [A] Work and play are different activities.
[B] Work and play should be combined together.
[C] People should play more and work less.
[D] People should work more and play less.
Section C
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or does not live up to the manufacturer?s (36) ______for it, the first step is to present the guarantee at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will (37) ______results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her (38) ______, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer?s favor, (39) ______ he or she
has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in (40) ______ whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is (41) ______ to phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but (42) ______, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in (43)_________. If this cannot be done, (44) ______________________________________..The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, (45)
______________________. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. (46)______________________________________.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Model Test Three
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At
the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both
the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be
a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and
decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with
a single line through the centre.
11. [A] She loves walking to work.
[B] She has to save money for her journey. [C] She doesn't like the company she worked with. [D] It took her too much time to go to work. 12. [A] Edward will certainly be here on time.
[B] Nobody will be here on time.
[C] He is not sure whether Edward will be here on time.
[D] Maybe Edward will be here on time.
13. [A] She was using the wrong paint.
[B] She has run out of paintbrushes.
[C] She doesn't feel like going to class.
[D] She has dropped out of art and is now in dmp3a. 14. [A] The woman should lose 10 pounds.
[B] The woman should gain 5 pounds.
[C] The woman should not worry.
[D] The woman should buy some new clothes. 15. [A] Forty yuan.
[B] Thirty yuan.
[C] Thirty-five yuan.
[D] Forty-five yuan.
16. [A] He'll definitely go.
[B] He'll probably not to go since he is busy. [C] He'll not regret missing a chance like that. [D] He'll probably not to go since he is not interested. 17. [A] At the man's house.
[B] In a restaurant.
[C] In a grocer's.
[D] In a hotel.
18. [A] The man could not wait to see Susan. [B] Susan is eager to pass the infomp3ation she knows. [C] Susan talks to people only on the phone.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in18
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
[D] The man always knows the latest news in town.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. [A] That the library opens at 8:00.
[B] That no one else has read the articles.
[C] That none of the material he needs is available. [D] That reserve materials can be taken out of the library. 20. [A] He is not cooperative.
[B] He will be in his office all afternoon.
[C] He has not read any of the articles himself. [D] He already brought in extra copies of the articles. 21. [A] Return early the next day.
[B] Photocopy the articles he needs.
[C] Ask professor Grand for a copy of the articles. [D] Wait until the girl has finished with her articles. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. [A] The election for senator.
[B] The election for treasurer.
[C] The election for secretary.
[D] The election for president.
23. [A] They are competing against each other in an election. [B] The man is writing the woman's speech.
[C] The man is interviewing the woman.
[D] The woman is planning the man's campaign.
24. [A] Make posters.
[B] Write a speech.
[C] Answer questions.
[D] Study chemistry.
25. [A] Compare their lectures.
[B] Review the man's talk.
[C] Prepare questions to ask candidates.
[D] Vote in the school election.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you
will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A),B),C),and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line
through the center.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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26. [A] Social challenge.
[B] Physical challenge.
[C] Economic challenge.
[D] Intellectual challenge.
27. [A] Painting a picture.
[B] Building pyramids.
[C] Exploring the space.
[D] Making plans for transportation.
28. [A] They ignore them.
[B] They are afraid of them.
[C] They accept and enjoy them.
[D] They are indifferent to them.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. [A] It eliminated many factory jobs.
[B] It allowed workers to live far from their jobs. [C] It gave workers opportunity for better training. [D] It allowed workers to spend more time at home. 30. [A] Increased transportation costs.
[B] The lack of a qualified sales force.
[C] A decline in the number of customers.
[D] Difficulty in transporting merchandise.
31. [A] Because property is more valuable in the city. [B] Because prices are higher in downtown stores. [C] Because job opportunities are better in the city. [D] Because highway commuting has become unpleasant.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. [A] The good points of the federal system.
[B] How power is divided under the federal system. [C] The difference between the central government and the states. [D] The different functions of the central government and the states. 33. [A] Printing money.
[B] Limiting state taxes.
[C] Making treaties with foreign countries.
[D] Passing laws affecting trade between the states. 34. [A] All the states have respective powers.
[B] The central government and the states share the same powers. [C] The powers of the country are fairly divided up between states. [D] It is the Constitution that specifies the power for the central government and the
states.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in20
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
35. [A] The central government cannot be too powerful.
[B] Bigger states have more power than smaller ones.
[C] The central government can put a limit on state taxes.
[D] The states and the central government have the same powers.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact
words you have heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the
missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just
heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for
the third time, you should check what you have written.
In many countries, authority is seldom questioned, either because it is highly respected, or because it is (36) _______. Sometimes, too, because (37) _______ has been important in certain societies for a long time, people have been trained never to question those in authority.
In other countries, (38) _______America, children are trained to question and search for answers. When a child asks a question, he will be often told to go to the library and find the answer for himself. By the time students reach the age of 14 or 15, they may be (39) _______ exciting new ideas in all fields of science and the arts. To encourage such creativity, there are many national (40) _______ offered to students every year for their scientific discoveries and artistic (41) _______.
This interest in questioning and searching may be (42) _______ by some people as bad for young people’s (43) _______, that young people lack respect for authority. (44) ___________________. However, this is because many Americans have different attitudes toward authority that may exist in other areas of the world. In a work or business situation, ideas are freely and openly discussed and argued.
(45)_________________________. The two are quite separate. The purpose of the searching, questioning, and arguing is to find the facts in a particular situation, and therefore a solution, (46) ______________________________.
第二章 阅读理解
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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第一节 阅读理解十大解题技巧
根据四级英语大纲的阅读技能要求和文章的特点以及题目设臵的方式～可以将阅读理解的题型分为以下十种类型～针对不同题目类型总结出十大解题技巧:
(一)细节事实题
这是四级英语阅读中数量最多、也最重要的一种题型～可以从下列几个方面把握:
1. 题型特点
根据文章中具体细节信息做出提问。细节事实题的考查内容和形式可以归纳为二种类型:
(1)According型:题干一般围绕5W和1H而展开。即who～what～where～when～why～how,
(2)隐含的事实和细节型:需要在读懂全文的基础上～综合概括作者展示的各种细节。
2. 标志
(1)题干中明确提到人名、地名、数字时间等细节性信息,
(2)往往针对文章中可以定位的一句话或几句话设计问题,
(3)题干和选项之间有时是因果关系。
3. 关键词
包括数字、时间、专有名词——如人名、地名、学科名词或带引号的词。
4. 命题模式
According to the passage / the author～who(what, where, which, when, why, how etc。)
5. 做题关键:准确定位、返回原文。
(1)根据题干中的明确关键词返回原文,
(2)根据题干中的重点词或其同义词(如名词、动词、形容词等)返回原文,
(3)根据原文中的特殊语言现象～要善于利用因果、类比、时间、空间的关系将零碎的细节组成
一个逻辑分明的有机体。如转折词but、however、yet等定位。
6. 做题步骤
(1)根据段落中主题句的名词粗略确定段落内容方向,
(2)利用题干提问的内容～大致定位对应的段落,
(3)利用题干中的重要信息词准确确定相关信息句～进行判断并确定细节题的正确答案。
7. 注意事项
干扰选项的特征:
(1) 正反混淆选项的内容和作者在原文中提到的信息相反。
(2) 偷换概念选项提到了原文的内容～但是却将原文对应部分中的另一个关键词或短语换成了意思不同的其他词汇。
(3) 无中生有就是说选项中出现了原文没有提到或推导不出的形容词或名词。
(4) 因果倒臵选项中涉及的两部分之间的因果关系与原文所说的因果关系正好相反～将原文的因换成了果或者将原文的果换成了因。
(5) 扩大范围将原文的特指(只适用于部分的情况)变为泛指(适用于全部的情况)。例如～
在选项中出现表示泛指的复数名词作主语时～要注意该名词在原文的范围。如果选项中所说的情况只适用于主语所指的一部分～那么这一选项就是干扰选项。注意～上述干扰选项的特征也适用于判断其他题型的干扰选项。
(二)中心主旨题
该类题型考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力～要求考生通过对文章的阅读～迅速把握文章或段落的中心主旨。该类题型在历年题型中出现的频率极高～每年必出。中心主旨题可以分为文章主旨和段落主旨两种。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in22
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
1. 题型特点
命题方式中含有“main idea～subject～purpose”等词。
2. 标志
题干中出现下列词之一:best title～main idea～main problem～mainly about～mainly discuss～mainly deal with或问本文的写作目的的词(purpose～the author intends to…)。
3. 关键句
文章首段的句子以及各段的首末句。
4. 命题模式
(1) The passage is mainly about。
(2) Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the passage ?
(3) The best title for this passage might be。
(4) What is the main idea of the passage ?
5. 做题关键
这种题目应主要看篇章中的主题句或者是从篇章的结构入手～利用推理能力～对文章信息进行系统分析～归纳总结～从而得出主题。
6. 做题步骤
(1) 运用宏观阅读技巧做题～就是根据文章结构判断主题。
(2) 运用首段和首末句信息做题。就是说综合各段的首末句的内容～可以得出主题。注意:只看首段有时容易以偏概全～因为首段有时只是在引出文章主体之前起抛砖引玉的作用。
(3) 运用写作方法做题。 2003年以后的文章～以报刊文章为主～文章首段常以类比、故事、今昔对比等方式引出主题。问文章使用的写作方法时～正确答案一般是类比等,问使用类比、故事、今昔对比等写作方法的目的时～正确答案是引出主题。
(4) 运用快速构思成文法进行判断。在两个选项难以分辨时可以分别以它们为题～在脑海中快速构思两个写作提纲～若所构思提纲与原文内容大致吻合者为正确答案～否则为干扰选项。
(三)词汇题
1. 题型特点
词义题的考查有两种:一是超纲词含义的推断～另一个是熟词僻义或是在特定场合的意思。
2. 标志
题干中具体给出原文中某处的单词或短语～要求推测其意思。
3. 关键词
能帮助读者猜测词义的上下文线索通常有定义、重述、解释、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词或标点符号等等。如通常使用信号词～如 is～are～is(are) called～mean～ refer to～known as 等来引导定义。
4. 命题模式
(1) The word “…”(in line…)most probably means 。
(2) From the passage, we can infer that the word “…”is 。
(3) From the first paragraph, we learn that。
5. 做题关键
注意单词所在的上下文～尤其是上下句。假如所考单词是常见词汇～那么其字面意思一定不是正确答案～要根据上下文得出其在特定场合更深刻的意思～该含义也许和其字面意思没有任何的关系。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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猜测词义的方法:(1)构词法:根据词根～词缀判断词义,(2)词性加搭配:先判断生词在文章中的词性～再看它与哪些词语可以搭配～最后根据自己的常识推测,(3)找同义词、同义解释、反义词、反义解释:在上下文中找出生词的其他表示方法～由此推断其含义,(4)找同位词:上下文中有可能有类似生词出现的句子的平行结构～找出其中和生词处于同一位臵的词去推测。
6. 做题步骤
(1) 返回原文～找出该词汇出现的地方,
(2) 注意结合上下文理解该单词的含义,
(3) 如果该词汇是简单词汇～则其字面意思必然不是正确答案,
(4) 词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。特别注意不能靠单词词义直接往下过分推理,
(5) 寻找时要注意特殊标点、定语从句、构词的前后缀等～特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。例如～冒号前的词汇的意思可以由冒号后的部分归纳～破折号之后词汇的意思可以由破折号之前的部分推测,
(6)代入法。将确定的答案代入原文～看上下文逻辑是否通顺～如果通顺就是正确答案。
7. 注意事项
干扰项特点:(1)与所考词汇形似。(2)如果考的是熟词～含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。
(四)句子理解题
1. 标志
题干中给出原文中具体的一句话～要求理解其意思。
2. 命题模式
(1) By“…”～the writer means 。
(2) According to passage, what is “…”,
(3) By saying “…”the author implied that…
(4) The phrase(sentence)“…”(in line…)most probably means 。
3. 做题关键
做这类题时要立足于本句～借上下句帮助理解。
4. 做题步骤
返回原文找到所考的句子～找出句子的主干或看出作者所表达的态度～也可以利用微观阅读技巧～如标点符号或关联词对句子进行精确理解。
5. 注意事项
正确答案与原句之间是一个同义关系～其中一般不存在推理过程。干扰项特点:(1)根据命题原则～正确选项不会使用与原文过多相同的字眼～因此～对句子的解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。(2)四个选项中与原句意思最接近的为正确答案～选项与原文之间没有任何推理过程。
(五)作者态度(观点)题
1. 题型特点
态度题是四级英语阅读中的一种重要题型～主要考查对文章中作者态度的辨别。作者态度大致分为两种:(1)支持或赞同,(2)中立或客观,(3)怀疑、批评或反对。
2. 标志
题干中有attitude或think, believe～deem～consider～regard等词汇～选项中是一些表示态度的名词或形容词。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in24
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3. 关键词
可以反映作者观点的动词、形容词等。
4. 命题模式
作者态度题:
(1) The author is most critical of 。
(2) Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards…?
作者观点题:
(1) What is the author?s idea about?
(2) The author believes that 。
5. 做题关键、技巧
(1) 不要把自己的态度揉入其中～还要注意区分考查是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度。
(2) 当作者的态度没有明确提出时～要学会根据作者在文章中所运用的具有褒贬含义的语言去判断作者的态度～如～wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
(3) 某一事物是好是坏～作者对它是支持是反对～态度一般都很明确～而带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。问作者对某事物的态度时～表示“客观”的词多为正确选项～如objective, impartial,
unbiased 等,问作者对文中提到的人物或他们的观点态度时～答案多是肯定或否定～支持或反对。如～critical, approval, opposed, supporting 等。
(4) 既然作者写了文章～他的态度就不可能是漠不关心的～因此见到indifferent, uninterested
可以首先排除。
6. 注意事项
解答态度观点题应注意以下几点:
(1) 区别作者的态度与其他人的态度。
(2) 下列选项一般为干扰选项:indifferent(冷漠的)～subjective(主观的)～biased(有偏见的)～puzzling(令人感到迷惑的)。
(六)文章态度(观点)题
1. 题型特点
问文中某人对某事物的态度。作为作者态度题的一种新形式～命题也开始注重考查文章中某人对某事的观点和态度。
2. 标志和关键词
题干中常有attitude～opinion～tone等。选项可能不再是态度明确的肯定或否定的词～而改为带有程度限制的词语。比如guarded(慎重的)～qualified(有条件的～有限制的)～reserved(有保留的)～tempered(温和的～缓和的)。
3. 命题模式
(1)What is the tone(mood)of “…” ?
(2)What is “…” opinion about?
4. 做题关键
要注意区分作者的态度与其他人的态度。因为持有保留态度的观点比较客观～往往是正确答案。文章陈述的内容并非都是作者的观点～要注意区分～这是命题最具有迷惑性的地方。因此～作者引用别人的观点时～是作为支持或抨击的对象～别人的观点通常是为了证明作者的论据来给出的。
5. 注意事项
这类试题与作者态度题不同～作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联～而文章某人的观点则不一定紧development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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密相关。一般带有绝对化或过于强烈的词修饰的选项必错。比如:strongly～completely～entirely等。
(七)推理题
1. 题型特点
该题型最大的两个特点:(1)文章中往往没有答题的依据,(2)一旦文中有依据～往往A,B,C,D表面上都对～很难判断谁是谁非。
正确项特点:(1)不是文中明确说明的内容～因为即使符合原文～没有引申或归纳总结的内容就不是正确选项,(2)如果四个选项全能凭常识判断～其中含义深刻的是正确选项～有时唯一不是常识项的是正确选项。
干扰项的特点:(1)只是原文的简单复述～而非推断出来的结论～把直接表达当成间接推理,(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论～然而实际上与原文不符～例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果～把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的,(3)根据常识判断是正确的～然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点～因此～考生要注意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理～因为命题者考查的是考生理解作者意图的能力,(4)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据～但推理过头～概括过度,(5)有部分选项的内容纯属编造～无中生有。
抓住三错一对的关系～即有三个选项与原文相矛盾～只有一个符合原文的意思。
2. 标志
题干中出现下列词汇之一:infer～conclude～imply～suggest～learn等。
3. 命题模式
推理引申题题干中常有infer～imply～suggest～deduce～indicate～conclude等词出现～常见的命题模式有:
(1) It can be inferred from the first paragraph that…
(2) Which of the following can(not)be inferred from the passage?
(3) The author indicates in the passage that 。
(4) It can be concluded from the passage that 。
(5) We can infer(assume ,deduce) that。
(6) By…the author implied (suggests, indicates) that。
4. 做题关键
返回原文～将选项与原文一一进行比较。
5. 做题步骤
推理题的答案一般是这么编写的:
(1) 将原文的某句话换个说法～如换成同义词。
(2) 将原文几句话或一段话归纳一下～就是说以段落主题或句群的论点为答案。
(3) 由构成对比的一方推断另一方。如果原文中提到两个事物～二者形成对比～而且已知其中一个事物的特点～那么可以推断另一事物的特点。所以～找推理题的答案时要特别注意原文表示对比、比较或有转折的地方～这些往往是出推理题的地方。
(4) 根据作者的态度进行推理。推理题如果涉及态度～一般应与作者的态度一致。正确答案应该支持作者的观点或驳斥与作者相反的观点。
6. 注意事项
(1) 考生在浏览全文时～一要留意那些似乎话中有话的间接表达句。它们往往采用说半句、打比喻、反过来讲的方式～留有让考生自己作结论或推理的余地。二是留意含义深刻或结构复杂的长难句型。考生对作者表达的意思不能一下子看透～它们往往是命题点所在。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in26
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Yangshuo New Start English College
(2) 根据题干的关键词迅速搜索定位以便确定推理依据的范围～利用语法、词汇、语境线索～了解单句的含义～弄清上下文的逻辑关系～然后按题意进行推理。题目可能要求考生对某句话或数句话进行正确理解或释义～也可能从某句话或某段话中深刻理解～分析一些细节事实。
7. 新趋势
推理题按照难易可以分为:简单推理题和复杂推理题。而后一种推理题是近几年命题的趋势。
(八)例证题
1. 题型特点
该题型要求考生(1)区分论点和论据,(2)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系:主要是考察考生通过段落、句子来推测文章的主旨、支持的观点等。
2. 标志
题干中出现下列词汇之一:case～example～illustration～demonstration～exemplify～illustrate～demonstrate。
3. 命题模式
(1) The case of…demonstrated that。
(2) The author wants to prove the example of…that。
(3) The example of…is used to show 。
4. 做题关键
重要找出例子所支持的论点～而不是看是否完全理解例子本身的含义。一般例子支持它之前的论点～段落性的例子(涉及整个段落的例子)说明段落主题(一般位于段首或段落首尾两处)～全文性的例子(涉及两个或两个以上段落)说明全文主题。
5. 做题步骤
(1) 返回原文定位该例子,
(2) 一般向例子前(有时向例子后)寻找该例子所支持的论点,
(3) 与所找到的论点意思最接近的选项为正确答案。
6. 注意事项
干扰选项的特征:就事论事。
(九)指代题
1. 题型特点
指代题主要考察考生整体理解文章的能力～并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。
2. 标志
在题干中明确指出原文中某处的指代词要求辨别其指代关系～常考的指代词有it～that～one。
3. 做题关键
返回原文定位该指代词。
4. 做题步骤
(1) 返回原文找出该代词所在的句子～并且仔细分析～正确理解该可话,
(2) 向上搜索～找出离该代词最近的名词、短语或句子～以之替换该代词～看句子是否通顺,
(3) 在四个选项中找出与所找到的名词、短语或句子意思最接近的一个作为正确答案。
(十)判断题
1. 标志
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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题干为下列两种形式之一:
(1)Which of the following statements is(not) mentioned /true /correct?
(2)All of the following statements are mentioned /true /correct except…
2. 做题步骤
(1) 先判断是三错一对还是三对一错。所谓“对”是指符合原文意思或作者态度～而所谓“错”是指
和原文相矛盾、与作者态度相反～或原文未提及的信息。
(2) 返回原文～找到各选项所对应的原文～将它们与原文一一进行比较～切忌凭印象进行判断。
注意:这种题的选项有时考查的是集中于某段的信息或者具备一些共同的特征～所以做题时可以先
看一下四个选项～找出其中的共同点～再返回原文定位。
3. 注意事项
文章中容易出现考点的地方:(1)转折处(2)最高级后面(3)带有褒贬义的句子(4)虚拟语气的句
子(5)长难句。
第二节 强化训练题
Reading Comprehension (Multiple Choice)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Passage 1
Psychics (通灵的人) are people who can get information about people, places, or situations through a sixth sense-a sense that exists in addition to those of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching. They can use their psychic ability to heal people who are sick, to give advice, to give hints about the future, and to do many other things. And it's not just individuals who use psychics; sometimes companies and governments use psychics, too. One year a company called Delphi and Associates earned $120,000 on the stock market with the help of psychics.
"So how can I get some psychic help?" you may ask yourself. Well, you don't have to pay a lot of money to a professional psychic. You can start by using your own psychic ability. Psychic abilities are really just another sense, similar to our other five senses. The difference is that we never develop our psychic sense in the same way that we develop our other senses. We train our eyes to see the difference between a V and a U; we train our ears to hear the difference between a /ch/ and a /sh/ sound; we can feel the difference between silk and leather; we can smell and taste if milk is sour. But our sixth sense, our psychic sense, seldom develops very much. Because most of us ignore our psychic sense for so long, it takes some time to develop it. If you have never played soccer before, you cannot expect to be a good player after three lessons. It might take years to become really good. Psychic ability works the same way.
1. People use psychics ________.
[A] mainly to see the future
[B] to make money
[C] to see what one cannot usually see
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in28
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Yangshuo New Start English College
[D] for many reasons
2. _______ learn to use their psychic ability.
[A] Many people
[B] Many companies
[C] Few people
[D] Few governments
3. Psychic abilities ________.
[A] are similar to other senses
[B] work in the same way as other senses
[C] are different from other senses
[D] work together with other senses
4. Our psychic sense seldom develops very much because ________.
[A] we never sense it
[B]. we never believe in it
[C] we ignore it
[D] we don't want to take time to train it
5. The attitude of the author towards psychic abilities is ________.
[A] positive [B] negative [C] critical [D] neutral
Passage 2
It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆) or decimum. Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of being abandoned, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The decimum was the wife's right to receive a tenth of all her husband's property. The wife had the right to hold back consent, in all transactions (交易) the husband
would make. And more than just a right: the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.
The wife shared in the management of her husband's personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas, a Catalan woman of Barcelona. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the official in charge to have a contract as expected drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro's personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, "for the sake of peace." Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the Catalan wife knew how to win herself, within the context of the family, a powerful economic position.
6. A decimum was ________.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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[A] the wife's inheritance from her father
[B] a gift of money to the new husband
[C] a written contract
[D] the wife's right to receive one-tenth of her husband's property
7. In the society described in the passage, the legal standing of the wife in marriage was ________.
[A] higher than that of her husband
[B] lower than that of her husband
[C] the same as that of her husband
[D] higher than that of a single woman
8. What compensation did Maria Vivas get for the field?
[A] Some of the land Miro had inherited
[B] A tenth of Miro's land.
[C] Money for household expenses.
[D] Money from Miro's inheritance.
9. Could a husband sell his wife's inheritance?
[A] No, under no circumstances.
[B] Yes, whenever he wished to.
[C] Yes, if she agreed.
[D] Yes, if his father-in-law agreed.
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system? [A] The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage.
[B] The wife was protected from being abandoned.
[C] The wife gained a powerful economic position.
[D] The husband was given control over his wife's property
Passage 3
Some cynical experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of city travel in the immediate future.
The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present models.
Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main source of traffic congestion (拥挤) in cities. One proposed solution to this problem is the computerized highway system.
When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the
auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in30
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The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that a computerized highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
11. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________. [A] its power source
[B] its driving system
[C] its monitoring system
[D] its seating capacity
12. What is the author's main concern?
[A] How to make automobiles pollution-free
[B] How to abandon automobiles in the future.
[C]How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
[D]How to develop a computerized subway system.
13. What provides autos with electric power in a computerized highway system? [A] A rail.
[B] An engine.
[C] A retractable arm.
[D] A computer controller.
14. In a computerized highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________. [A] keep in the right lane
[B] wait to arrive at his destination
[C] keep in constant touch with the computer center
[D] inform the system of his destination by phone
15. What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos?
[A]Enthusiastic. [B]Cynical. [C]Optimistic. [D] Cautious.
Passage 4
Stock prices tumbled on Wall Street and across much of the rest of the world yesterday. They were driven sharply lower by worries over slowing economic growth in the United States and worsening borrowing conditions that could make everything from huge corporate buyouts to buying a new home more difficult. Major stock market gauges -- including the Dow Jones industrial average and the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index -- were down more than 2 percent.
It was the worst one-day decline on Wall Street since markets plunged worldwide in late February after an investing scare in Shanghai, and it occurred amid the biggest volume of trading on the New York Stock Exchange in five years. Losses were comparable throughout Europe, and larger in many developing countries. ''The preconditions for a shock are in place,'' said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Economy.com. ''Until very recently development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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investors were very nonchalant about risks.''
Stock markets have been volatile in recent weeks. Continued strong profits for many companies and an economic boom in Asia have helped push oil prices higher. Meanwhile, however, there are various signs of weakness in the American economy and new difficulties in borrowing for many homeowners and companies that are highly leveraged or have poor credit.
The plunge came a day after the private equity firm buying Chrysler from DaimlerChrysler said it would complete the transaction for the automaker despite an inability to borrow the money in credit markets, as had been planned. Banks will hold those loans, as they will for a similar deal involving Alliance Boots, a British pharmacy chain. Shares of DaimlerChrysler fell $4.11, to $88.91.'' There is fear, but not a fear of recession,'' said Bill Gross, chief investment officer of the Pacific Investment Management Company, known as Pimco, a large bond management firm. ''The fear is directed toward the question of who will be willing to lend $200 billion to provide takeout financing for previously announced private equity deals.''
Yesterday, the Dow industrials plunged 311.50 points, or 2.3 percent, to 13,473.57, while the S.& P. 500 dropped 35.43 points, or 2.3 percent, to 1,482.66. The Nasdaq composite index was down 48.83 points, or 1.8 percent, to 2,599.34. The S.& P. is still up 4.5 percent for the year, while the Dow is 8.1 percent higher. But the S.& P. has fallen 4.5 percent since reaching a record last week. In the last hour or so of trading, the major Wall Street indexes recovered about a third of their steepest losses for the day. Losses of more than 2 percent were recorded in Spain, France and Germany, while Britain, Argentina, Mexico and Brazil fell more than 3 percent. Asian markets fell less yesterday, closing before the worst selling began, but opened down sharply on Friday.
16.The passage is mainly_______.
[A] a review of the current condition of the American and world stock market [B] an introduction of the world stock market
[C] a survey of the stock deal of DaimlerChrysler
[D] about the ups and downs of stock prices
17.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
[A] Currently it is more difficult for Americans to borrow money from banks for house purchase.
[B] The losses from stock markets are similar in U.S. and some developing countries. [C] Investors were worried about the potential risks in stock market before yesterday. [D] Economic boom in Asia prevent its stock market from falling.
18. If you were an investor, you might be able to earn money if _______.
[A] you held the shares of DaimlerChrysler
[B] you purchased new shares when the stock market opened yesterday.
[C] you bought and sold shares at the last one or two hours before closing [D] you didn?t trade any shares yesterday.
19.We can infer from the text that _______.
[A] The Chrysler transaction will turn to be a failure.
[B] The banks hold the loans because of Alliance Boots.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in32
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[C] Bill Gross thinks the fear is from the huge amount of money.
[D] The difficulty of borrowing leads to the shrinking prices of shares of DaimlerChrysler. 20. The writer?s attitude towards the current stock market is_______.
[A] biased [B] objective [C] pessimistic [D] optimistic
Passage 5
In the next century we?ll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, “Had I the right, for my own benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?” Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies?
Probably not. Instead, we?ll reach again for a time tested moral concept, one sometimes
called the Golden Rule and which Kant, the millennium?s most prudent moralist, conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end.
Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans? ends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality).
The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us.
Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the technology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a “dry ware” machine, so that we could live on without the “wet ware” of a biological
brain and body. The 20th century?s revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the
21st century?s revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Let?s turn the page now and get back to real science.
21.Dr. Frankenstein?s remarks are mentioned in the text_______
[A] to give an episode of the DNA technological breakthroughs.
[B] to highlight the importance of a means to some everlasting ends.
[C] to show how he created a new form of life a thousand years ago.
[D] to introduce the topic of moral philosophies incurred in biotechnology. 22.It can be concluded from the text that the technology of human cloning should be development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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employed_______
[A] excessively and extravagantly.
[B] reasonably and cautiously.
[C] aggressively and indiscriminately.
[D] openly and enthusiastically.
23.From the text, we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion that_______ [A] DNA technology should be placed in the charge of individuals.
[B] government should assume less control over individuals.
[C] people need government to protect their DNA information.
[D] old moral precepts should be abolished on human cloning.
24.Judged from the information in the last paragraph, we can predict that the author is likely to write which of the following in the next section?
[A] The reflection upon biotechnological morality.
[B] The offensive invasion of our personal privacy.
[C] The inevitable change of IQs for our descendants.
[D] The present state of biotechnological research.
25.According to the last paragraph, “dry-ware” is to “wet-ware” as_______
[A] “collective” to “individual”.
[B] “fictional” to “factual”.
[C] “mechanical” to “corporeal”.
[D] “temporary” to “permanent”.
Passage 6
Before a big exam, a sound night?s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited” at night, to flush away what is superfluous.
To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.
Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern — what is
referred to as “artificial grammar”. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in34
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What is more, those with more to learn (i.e., the “grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing” theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.
The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.
26.Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to_______ [A] how dreams are modified in their courses.
[B] the difference between sleep and wakefulness.
[C] why sleep is of great benefit to memory.
[D] the functions of a good night?s sleep.
27.As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by_______
[A] intensely active brainwave traces.
[B] subjects? quicker response times.
[C] complicated memory patterns.
[D] revival of events in the previous day.
28.By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show_______ [A] its significance in the study.
[B] an inherent pattern being learnt.
[C] its resemblance to the lights.
[D] the importance of night?s sleep.
29.In their study, researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of_______
[A] exposing a long-held folk wisdom.
[B] clarifying the predictions on dreams.
[C] making contrasts and comparisons.
[D] correlating effects with their causes.
30.What advice might Maquet give to those who have a crucial test the next day? [A] Memorizing grammar with great efforts.
[B] Study textbooks with close attention.
[C] Have their brain images recorded.
[D] Enjoy their sleep at night soundly.
Passage 7
This line of inquiry did not begin until earlier this month — more than three months
after the accident — because there were “too many emotions, too many egos,” said retired development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Adm. Harold Gehman, chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.
Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee, Gehman said this part of his inquiry was in its earliest stages, starting just 10 days ago. But Gehman said he already has concluded it is “inconceivable” that NASA would have been unable or unwilling to attempt a rescue for astronauts in orbit if senior shuttle managers and administrators had known there was fatal damage to Columbia?s left wing.
Gehman told reporters after the hearing that answers to these important questions could have enormous impact, since they could place in a different context NASA?s decisions against more aggressively checking possible wing damage in the days before Columbia?s fatal
return.
Investigators believe breakaway insulating foam damaged part of Columbia?s wing shortly after lift off, allowing superheated air to penetrate the wing during its fiery re entry on Feb.1, melt it from inside.
Among those decisions was the choice by NASA?s senior shuttle managers and
administrators to reject offers of satellite images of possible damage to Columbia?s left wing before the accident. The subject dominated the early part of Wednesday?s hearing.
Gehman complained managers and administrators “missed signals” when they rejected those offers for images, a pointedly harsh assessment of the space agency?s inaction during the 16-day shuttle mission.
“We will attempt to pin this issue down in our report, but there were a number of
bureaucratic and administrative missed signals here,” Gehman told senators. “We?re not quite so happy with the process.”
The investigative board already had recommended that NASA push for better coordination between the space agency and military offices in charge of satellites and telescopes. The U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency in March agreed to regularly capture detailed satellite images of space shuttles in orbit.
Still, Gehman said it was unclear whether even images from America?s most sophisticated spy
satellites might have detected on Columbia?s wing any damage, which Gehman said could have been as small as two inches square. The precise capabilities of such satellites proved to be a sensitive topic during the Senate hearing.
31.This text is most probably taken from an article entitled “_______”.
[A] Gehman?s Comments on Columbia Accident.
[B] An Inquiry into Columbia Accident.
[C] Shedding Light on Shuttle?s Safety.
[D] NASA?s Problems Being Exposed.
32.The word “they” in the sentence “since they could place” (Para.3) denotes_______
[A] “damages”. [B] “answers”. [C] “decisions”. [D] “questions”.
33.According to the writer, what may chiefly be responsible for the Columbia accident? [A] A supposed damage to the left wing of the spacecraft.
[B] The deliberate rejection of satellite images.
[C] A sense of sentiment and arrogance involved.
[D] The space agency?s inaction during its mission.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in36
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34.As mentioned in the text, the Wednesday?s hearing revolved around_______
[A] the precise capabilities of spy satellites in orbit.
[B] NASA?s indecisions against checking upon the Columbia.
[C] NASA?s rejection of satellite images offered.
[D] the coordination between NASA and military offices.
35.Which of the following can best describe Gehman?s attitude towards satellite images?
[A] Apprehensive. [B] Credulous. [C] Indifferent. [D] Cautious.
Passage 8
When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.
The process of vaccination allows the patient?s body to develop immunity to the virus or
disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body?s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly.
Information on how to penetrate the disease?s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient?s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.
There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient?s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead.
Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970?s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.
36.The best title for the text may be_______
[A] “Vaccinations: A Blessing or A Curse.”
[B] “Principles of Vaccinations.”
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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[C] “Vaccines: Methods and Implications.”
[D] “A Miracle Cure Under Attack.”
37.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?
[A] The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.
[B] The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.
[C] The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.
[D] The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.
38.The phrase “ward it off naturally” (Paragraph 2) most probably means_______
[A] dispose of it naturally.
[B] fight it off with ease.
[C] see to it reluctantly.
[D] split it up properly.
39.Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority. [B] The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease. [C] Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace. [D] The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved. 40.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is_______
[A] to comment and criticize.
[B] to demonstrate and argue.
[C] to interest and entertain.
[D] to explain and inform.
Passage 9
War games are commonly used by the military to evaluate strategies, explore scenarios and reveal unexpected weaknesses. American ships and aircraft have just begun two weeks of war games in the Gulf, prompting protests from Iran, and last week South Korea carried out an annual computerised war-game exercise.
Might war games deserve a greater role in business? Military analogies abound in the corporate world. Plenty of bosses look to Sun Tzu, an ancient Chinese general, for management tips. And in business, as in war, outcomes depend on what others do, as well as one's own actions. Yet many firms fail to think systematically about how rivals will react to their plans—and traditional planning does a poor job of taking competitors' responses into account, says John McDermott, head of strategy at Xerox, an office-equipment company. Corporate war games, which simulate the interactions of multiple actors in a market, provide a better way to do so.
Such games have two chief characteristics. First, players break into teams and take on the roles of fierce competitors (and sometimes other citizens, such as customers). Second, the games involve several turns, allowing competitors not just to draw up their own strategies but to respond to the choices of others. Their popularity is rising. Booz Allen Hamilton (BAH), a consultancy, is running 100 war games a year, up from around 50 three years ago. Open Options, a Canadian strategy consultancy, has been going since 1996 and its revenue doubled last year.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in38
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BAH introduces a quantitative element into its games, calculating the effect of each team's strategy on their company's profits and stockmarket value at the end of each turn. Open Options takes a further step. To help Xerox understand the market dynamics of the print and copy industry, it ran a one-day workshop in which teams from Xerox took the roles of the big companies in the market, itself included. Each team identified the things “their” company could do to change its strategy and drew up a list of its desired outcomes; these “preference trees” were shared with the other teams. The results were then pumped into
Open Options' proprietary software tools, which played out interactions between the companies and produced a range of possible outcomes.
Mr McDermott says the game's predictive power was astonishing: one forecast, that a company would start to acquire a certain group of assets within the industry, came true within six months. By shedding light on areas where companies have different priorities, the concept of preference trees helps to highlight potential trade-offs, as well as competition. Open Options charges North American clients roughly $100,000 for an engagement.
The secret of successful war-gaming does not simply lie in mathematics, however. Interaction, not algebra, is the best way to win support for a new strategy. Game-players must be senior for the same reason—although having the top boss on a team can stifle
feedback. Strategies also have to capture competitors' hard-to-quantify corporate cultures: when designing a game, BAH seeks out employees at its clients who have actually worked at competitors for that reason. But perhaps war games' greatest value lies in the way they encourage managers to think differently about the consequences of their actions. “To know your enemy, you must become your enemy,” as Sun Tzu would say.
41.The expression “abound in”(Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means _______.
[A] be limited
[B] be appreciated
[C] be driven
[D] be plentiful
42. According to the text, traditional corporate planning _______.
[A] has been completely abandoned.
[B] fails to consider rivals? reactions.
[C] includes the detailed analyses of strategies of all rival companies. [D] functions well for the development of most companies.
43. The positive effect of war games owes to the following EXCEPT_______. [A] the role playing of competitors
[B] the composition of several turns
[C] the introduction of quantitative factors
[D] the rising popularity of the game
44. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
[A] Both BAH and Open Options developed their own software tools for data analysis of war
games.
[B] The war game service expands slowly because of its high fee.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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[C] “Preference trees” refers to desired outcomes of the companies.
[D] War game?s predictive ability is not convincing
45.Which of the following is NOT a reason for the success of war games?
[A] feedback
[B] mathematics
[C] interaction
[D] consideration of enemy
Passage 10
Rich Immigrants in Asia's financial capitals generally have life pretty easy. But this summer, those in Hong Kong and Singapore are starting to sweat. The problem? Sizzling real-estate markets that make even bankers blink, and international schools packed like the Tokyo subway at rush hour. One-bedroom flats in Hong Kong's most fashionable buildings now go for $5,000 per month. Office rents in Singapore have shot up 105 percent in the past year—the fastest appreciation rate in the world. For workers with kids, the picture is particularly bleak. Incoming students at international schools now land not in classes but on long waiting lists—unless their parents jump the queue by purchasing debentures that have sold for as much as $120,000 in Hong Kong.
Asia's dueling financial hubs invest a lot of capital—real and emotional—in what's often
cast as a zero-sum contest for the affection of foreign companies. Yet both cities have done so well wooing them of late that the major threat facing each isn't the other, but bottlenecks in the foreign infrastructure common to both. High-end housing costs are pushing past records set before the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, prompting Singapore's founding father, Lee Kuan Yew, to lament, "We must check this hike in rents or we will lose our competitiveness."
Talent is getting tougher to find as both economies near full employment. Office rents are driving even the richest investment banks to seek cheaper alternatives to prime downtown addresses. And as both cities increase their populations by luring hundreds of thousands of additional outsiders over the coming decade, locals are getting squeezed. "There may be a political cost if Singaporeans feel priced out by foreigners," warns Charles Chong, head of a parliamentary committee on national development in Singapore.
Both cities are, in a sense, victims of their success. Each ranks among the most efficient spots on the planet to register new businesses. They boast world-class banking, accounting and legal services, undergirded by respect for contracts and commercial codes not found in the rest of Asia. In a region awash in cash from record trade surpluses, Chinese expansion and a flood of new stock listings, the cities have posted incredible GDP growth numbers of late—6.8 percent and 7.9 percent for Hong Kong and Singapore, respectively, last year.
Given that local fertility rates are falling, both hubs hope to continue to fuel that boom via immigration. Singapore's Minister for National Development Mah Bow Tan expects the city-state's population to hit 6.5 million by 2027, up 2 million from today—which implies a
yearly influx of 100,000 foreigners over the next two decades. Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang has said he envisions his city's population eventually surpassing 10 million—a 30
percent increase from today's total—thanks to "an injection of new blood from all
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in40
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nationalities." As the hubs grow more receptive to outsiders, new factors are ensuring that immigrants arrive in large numbers. Whereas globalization was once confined to big multinationals, today's expatriates work disproportionately for smaller-and medium-size companies. Nor are they predominantly European or North America anymore; China, India and South Korea are just three of the many countries now sending professionals abroad.
46. Foreigners in Hong Kong begin to sweat because _______.
[A] the real-estate market is cooling down.
[B] they cannot afford children?s tuition fee at international schools.
[C] the city is over-populated.
[D] the hiking rents are making life tougher.
47. We learn from the second paragraph that _______.
[A] Hong Kong and Singapore consider each other as competitors.
[B] both the two cities should not import foreigners.
[C] the two cities share no common problem.
[D] Lee Kuan Yew?s comment shows that he?s optimistic.
48. According to the text, local people in the two cities _______. [A] do not welcome overseas talents.
[B] are facing worse living conditions.
[C] are unsatisfied with the government.
[D] are in full employment.
49. Which of the following is NOT the reason of the region?s abundance of capital?
[A] efficiency of business registration
[B] China?s development
[C] booming stock market
[D] benefit from trade
50. We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that _______. [A] the conflict between population and rent in the two cities might be more serious. [B] most of the foreigners work in big multinational companies.
[C] both cities will adopt measures to control population.
[D] the influx of foreigners can damage local economy.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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第三章 快速阅读(Skimming and Scanning)
考试形式与所考察能力
快速阅读要求考生在15分钟内完成一篇1200字左右的文章和后面的10道题。前面7个题是
判断正误(包括NOT GIVEN)～2007年12月以后的前7题是多项选择题～后3个是填空题(答案基本
都是原文中出现的原词)。快速阅读测试的重点就是考生在短时间内获取篇章主旨和特定信息的能
力。因此～它更强调了正确的阅读方法和技巧的贯彻。只要我们巧妙地运用了略读和寻读～必要的
时候辅助以研读的方法～培养好的阅读习惯～还是很容易取得满意的成绩的。
略读(或称为跳跃式阅读)(skimming)的重点在于快速了解文章的中心思想。略读的方法是首先
看一下标题(在有标题的情况下)～接着读第一段～抓住中心思想。再浏览一下其他段落的首句和末
句～最后读完结尾段。
寻读,scanning,就是有目标地去找出文中某些特定的信息。寻读时～要以很快的速度扫视文
章～确定所查询的信息范围～同时明确查询信息的特点。如:问题或选项中所涉及到的人名、地名～
则主要寻找首字母大写的单词,有关日期、数目的问题～则主要查找具体数字,有关某个事件、某
种观点等～就需要寻找与此相关的关键词～而与所查信息无关的内容可一掠而过。
除了在阅读理解中运用略读法和寻读法之外～有时还需要仔细阅读文章的某一特定部分～力求
对其有较深的理解～或对其进行归纳、总结、推断等～这时就需要对这部分进行仔细阅读～理解作
者的言外之意。这种仔细的阅读方法就是研读法(study reading)～通常适用于推断型阅读理解试
题。这种方法在快速阅读中使用并不多～但它对于快速阅读的解题方法来说绝对是一个有力的补充。
第一节 应试策略与解题思路
为了更好地说明快速阅读的应试策略和解题思路～下面以一道真题为例进行详细地说明。
Highways
Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate,容纳,automobiles.
With the increase in auto production, private turnpike,收费公路,companies under local
authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John Mac Adam ,for whom the macadam surface is name [D], whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army's first transcontinental motor convoy ,车
队,, he noted: "The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany's Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land."
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in42
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It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen per cent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.
The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000mile web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, desserts, and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.
Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt, Baker in Washington, met many of the nation's physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.
Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads ,0.86 deaths per 100
million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads,.
By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provide people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most personal freedom of mobility.
The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent pf the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear-United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts."
1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.
3. It was in the 1950 that the American government finally took action to build a national high way system.
4. Many of the problems presented by the country's geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.
5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.
6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.
7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.
8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was____________.
9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than_____________.
10. The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of______. 第一步:略读全文，确定结构(0.5-2分钟)
快速浏览文章的第一段以及各部分的小标题，搞清文章的大体结构和主要内容(一般都可以判断第
一道主旨题目的答案)
警告:不要一上来就看后面的问题,对文章没有了解,后面的问题会让你摸不着头脑,增加挫败感.
第二步:分析题眼，原文定位 (1分钟)
按顺序做每一道小题，正确理解题目所表达的内容，根据题目中的关键词——题眼，在文中找到相
应的位置 。定位词找2-3个就行，多了也记不住。最好是位置不同的两个词。
特别注意:比较容易定位的词是:
1. 比较长，难的名词容易定位，好找。
2. 时间、数字、地点、人名、大写字母的单词容易定位。
划定位线索应遵循以下原则:
,1,形式最鲜明的专有名词和数字时间～而且多多益善。因为这些也有可能是不止一次出现～
有两个或者以上～就能比较确定。如:
1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
2.General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two lane highways of America.
3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national high way system.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in44
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Yangshuo New Start English College
例1的定位词是1921, 例2的定位词有General Eisenhower, 再加上German, 还有America(但
America定位的意义不大～因为它是贯穿全文的――文章讲的就是美国的事情),例3也有鲜明的
1950s, 参照American government.
同时要注意读出隐性的数字～也就是本身没有数字～但暗示文章里有数字。如:
5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other
American roads.
这里Death rate当然可能用数字来表达。
9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than ________________.
More than后面也可能是数字。
,2,如果没有如此鲜明的标志～可以找本句的核心概念。还要注意这是为了在原文中寻找相应
的东西～所以不一定是意义最重要或者对文章最重要～而是在原文中最可能明确找到的。
4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features found solutions in innovative
engineering projects.
5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other
American roads.
6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.
7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.
例4中～在原文中最容易找的会是什么,是‚很多问题?～还是‚地理特征?～还是‚创造
性的工程?,应该说都可能。这时候problem好～还是geographical feature等好,对定位而言～可
能长得比较怪异的更打眼一些～虽然可能不认识。
例5中～safety consideration可以考虑～而death rate要么是原词～要么是数字～很好用。至
于American roads这个概念太泛～不专一～就很难说了。
例6中～interstate highway system是文章的核心概念～反复出现～反而是最不好的定位词。
Access between military installations比较怪异～是应该留意的对象。America再次出现～再次贬值。
例7当然是主语重要～宾语是文章主题～对定位无益。
,3,如您不知道一个词的意思的话～您可试估计这字词是正面的,positive,还是负面的
,negative,～这对您认识文章的意思和作者的意图很有帮助,另外～还需注意文字或句子的形式
变化～在文章中寻找答案的难度很多时候是看对字句的形式变化的认识能力。
需注意的3种不同形式:
第一种:相同词性的同义替换
rules and regulations——regulations T5
第二种:动,副同义替换
speed up——quickly
第三种:同义、文与数的替换
most of ——57 percentage
,4,一时之间～难以判断～就多划几个词～或者注意整句的意思。只要大部分的划出来了核心～
有一个两个模糊～问题不大。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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第三步:分解对应，三项对比
7个是非判断题 (9-10.5 分钟)
找到题目在文章中的出处后，将题干的句子进行简单的成分划分，然后将
句子的主谓宾各个部分与原文对应，判断Y、N、NG。
首先我们需要分清楚Y～N～NG的真正含义～不要在读找到了也读懂了原文的情况之下冤枉失分。看看下面的例子～再总结如何区别。
原文:I love you.
选项:
1.I have some strong feelings for in you.
2.I hate you/I am indifferent.
3.You love me/I love you fervently/I love you better than he/I will love you always.
以上1是对原文意思的解释～故为Y。
2和3在以前都是错的。但按照三分
标准
excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载
～2才是N～而3是NG。
标准是:是否有逻辑上的否定关系。
原文与选项有逻辑上的否定关系～则为N～也就是原文对～则选项必错～是N。
原文与选项不同～但无逻辑上的否定关系～为NG～也就是原文对～选项不一定对～但也不一定错～是NG。
‚我爱你?～则必然不是‚我恨你?或者‚冷漠无情?～故N。
但‚我爱你?时～‚你爱我?与否并不确定,我是否‚很热烈的爱你?、是否‚爱你甚于他爱你?、是否‚将会永远爱你?都是不一定的～故为NG.
由此可以归纳如下:Yes
1、同义表达,
2、原意转化,
3、根据原文概括或归纳而成的。
No
1、题目与原文直接相反,
2、原文是多个条件并列～题目是其中一个条件,出现must or only,,
3、原文为人们对某种事物的理论感觉～题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明,
4、原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、程度的词。
5、将原文中的不确定因素转化为确定因素
Not Given
1、题目中的表述无中生有,
2、题目中的范围小于原文的范围～也就是更具体 (note:但是大于就是true了),
3、将原文中的特殊情况推广为普遍现象
4、原文是可能性～题目是必然性,
5、题目有比较级～原文没有比较。
6、两段判定,判断NG最好方法,法～在四级快速阅读中～如果上一题已经确定了在原文中的位臵～读过两段后仍无下一题所需信息～则可以判定该题为NG～而不用通读全文。
如果前7个题型为选择题～则根据第二步的定位词到相应的段落寻找答案。 第四步:分解问题～填写准确
对于填空题，先看所缺的句子成分，然后根据小标题或者题眼找到原文。尽量照抄原文，但要抄得恰到好处，抄得简练，也就是说，题干问什么或缺什么，就抄什么，其余不相干内容不要抄上，保证所填内容的准确性 。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in46
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Yangshuo New Start English College
第三节 阅读技巧
1、 略读和寻读巧妙搭配
面对快速阅读这样一种新题型～考生应该巧妙地将略读和寻读两种方法结合起来。而不要机械、孤立地使用某一种阅读方法。在使用这些方法时候～还要注意几个问题:
,1, 注意首尾句的出现
如果短文包括几个自然段～则应注意第一、二段和 最后一段～力求抓住文章的主旨大意。注意了解文章的主题句及结论句。
,2,注意标点符号的使用
可以运用标点符号(破折号、小括号、冒号)了解抽象的词汇或句子的含义。因为这些标点符号的出现就是为了更进一步地解释其前的信息。但同时～由于快速阅读用词相对比较简单～很容易理解和把握标点前的被解释信息～所以～可以将这些标点符号后面的信息删除～从而更加快速地把握文章～提高阅读效率。
,3,注意逻辑关系的运用
逻辑关系分布在文章的句子内部、句句之间、以及段落之间。最基本的逻辑关系有以下几种:
因果关系:as a result ～therefore～hence～consequently～because, for, due to, hence,
consequently等等。
并列、递进关系:and, or, then～in addition～besides～in other words～moreover等等。
转折关系:however～but, yet, in fact等等。
这些我们其实已经很熟悉的逻辑提示词在文章中起的效果～并非仅仅是衔接文章的句子～从阅读的角度来看～它们同时在给我们某种提示～告诉我们哪些句子是有效信息～相对重要的信息～哪些信息是相对不重要的信息～因为我们在处理文章的时候～有一条清晰的思路～你不是为了完整翻译文章而进行阅读～而是为了获取某些信息而进行阅读～所以～要利用逻辑关系简化阅读。
例如～并列、递进关系词～意味着它们前后衔接的信息从主旨的体现上没有发生变化～而更多的表现为前后句子主旨的相似性～所以我们选择其中的一半进行阅读。这样～在保证了阅读质量的基础上～也极大地提高了阅读速度。
,4,注意特殊标记的使用
用最快的速度通读文章～找到自己需要的细节描述部分～并在有关的句子下做出各种记忆符号。文章浏览完毕～再将划线部分(或做其它符号)重新详读一次～并进行适当的判断。
例如:在阅读文章时候～对于首段第二行的“Sept.11”～第二段第二行的“Operation Safe Travel”、“14”第三段第一行的“1956” 等位臵就应该做特殊的标记～因为这里可能涉及到问题～阅读时就应该通过标记尽可能缩小寻找答案的范围。而“1956S”恰好和后面第三题“It was in the 1950s that the
American government finally took action to build a national high way system.”中的“1950S”形成对应。
再例:文章倒数第二段:the interstate system has been an essential element of the nation?s
economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation?s
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for last leg of the journey by vehicle.
以上这段文字中～“creation”之后出现一个冒号～它说明后面内容是对前面内容的解释～后
面的信息可以考虑放弃阅读～但是～之后有“75”这个一个数字～可以仅将数字做特殊标记～其他
部分忽略。
2、研读法以辅助
例如第8题:
The great benefit brought by the interstate system was_______________.
由于文章阅读我们使用略读和寻读相结合的方法～所以～定位相对不是很容易～这个时候要刻
意放慢解题速度～在原文倒数第三段发现这么一句:
Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.
问题中的“The great”就相当与原文中的“Above all”～所以答案就在该句中的冒号之后的信息:
“personal freedom of mobility.”
3、句子抓主干
抛弃一些段落后～如果要读的段落每句都要读得清清楚楚～也是不现实的也不必要的。在读句
子上～速度也要提起来～关键也是在选择。这个选择原则是:以考点为准～抓住主干～尽量少看。
1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
找到的是第二段首句:With the increase in auto production, private turnpike(收费公路)
companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387, 000 miles
of paved roads.
此句只是讲到1921年～有多少paved roads. 是否有national standards～要继续看后面。下
一句很长:
Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford
and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage.
这一句漫无目的读下去～只有两个结果～一是死在路上～因为后面不但长而且是很怪异的东西。
二是终于读出来了～但考试时间已到:横竖是个死。
其实最多读到19th century Scottish engineer就完全够了。标准就是“考点”。我们现在要知
道的是那时有没有national standards国家标准～用的是十九世纪苏格兰某工程师的东西～这个工
程师是谁重要否,它的那个东西有什么特点重要否,无关:是不是国家标准才是重要的。有人敏感
一点～已得出没有国家标准。如果不确信～下一句就清楚了:Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs.
第四节 强化训练
Skimming and Scanning
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to read the passages quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in48
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For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. For questions
Passage 1
Spiders
Spiders can be distinguished from other Arachnids because the prosoma (combined head and thorax) is only separated from the opisthosoma (abdomen) by a narrow waist, in other Arachnids the whole body appears to be much more of a single unit. All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their homes and to protect their eggs.
All spiders possess poison glands but very few of them are dangerous to humans, of the 600 species in Britain only 12 (at least one of these is a recent human assisted colonist) are strong enough to pierce the human skin, and apart from allergies, none are more dangerous than a common wasp. Most spiders have 8 eyes (though some have 6,4,2 or 0), as well as 8 legs. (By the way if you count the claws as separate leg section(which you shouldn?t really)then their legs have 8 parts as well(coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, tarsus, metatarus, claws). There are more than 32,000 known species of spider in the world. No human being has ever been officially recorder as having died as the result of atarantula?bite.
All spiders are carnivorous and feed only on liquids, i.e. their preys natural juices and the breakdown products of external digestion (meaning they spit, exude or inject digestive juices onto/into their prey and suck up the resulting soup). So why not invite some to your next social do?
What’s In a Name
The word Arachnida comes from the Greek word Arachne, who was the daughter of Idmon of Colophon in Lydia, a dyer by trade. Arachne herself was a weaver, the best in all the known world. However in a foolish moment she challenged Athene, the daughter of Zeus and goddess of, among other things, waving to a weaving competition. Arachne wove so perfect a cloth that she tore it to shreds. Arachne became depressed after this and in the end she hung herself. Athene stirred to remorse at the knowledge of what her anger had wrought turned the rope Arachne had used to hang herself into a web and Arachne herself into a spider so that the beauty of her spinning should not be lost to the world ever again.
The Great Household Spider
There are just over six hundred different sorts of spiders in the British Isles. But of these only a handful are commonly found in houses. At the front of the head are a pair of what appear to be small legs. These are called palps and are used to guide food to the spiders’ mouth. The front of the head also has a group of six or eight eyes. On the underside of the body at the rear, are four or six small conical bumps or cylinders. There are the spinnerets from which the spider produces the silk to make its webs.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by looking at their palps. Males have swollen ends to their palps which makes them look as if they are wearing boxing gloves, these are often strange shapes if looked at with a hand lens. Females have normal looking palps that are not swollen at the ends.
The largest spider is the Goliath spider, the female of which grows to reach a leg span of ten inches. The largest spider in Britain is the Cardinal spider which is a close cousin of Tim Tegenaria. Females can achieve a leg span of four and a half inches. It is known as the Cardinal spider as it was common in Hampton Court when Cardinal Wolsey lived there. The sight of these long legged spiders wandering around the palace at night used to frighten him. So far 32，000 different kinds of spider have been discovered from all over the world. Britain has 630 different kinds of spider of which 250 are tiny Money spiders. The smallest of which has a body less than one millimeter long.
1. All the silk produced by spiders construct webs to catch their food.
2. Not all the poison glands possessed by spiders are dangerous to human beings.
3. Spiders often kill humans in Britain when they pierce human skin.
4. After seeing her enemy commits suicide, Arachne turned Athene into a spider.
5. Tim Tegenaria spiders are closely related to tarantula spiders; both are found in Britain.
6. So far 32,000 different kinds of spiders have been discovered from all over the world.
7. Money spiders are the smallest spiders found in the Arachnids family.
8. There are more than________ known species of spider in the world.
9. Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by________ .
10. The largest spider is________.
Passage 2
How to be a traveling beauty this May holiday
May Day holiday is a time for traveling. Go to the seaside, enjoy beautiful sunshine and soft breezes and let your mind and body both relax; hide away in a small town, amble on winding pebble tracks and melt into the romantic ambiance; or take up your backpack, go
mountaineering, stretch your body and smell the fresh air…They all sound wonderful. But changing environments can pose threats to delicate skin. How can you protect yourself and stay beautiful through seven days of traveling? Here are some helpful suggestions.
If you?re going to the seaside:
Typical resort: Sanya
Typical weather: 24-31? with strong ultraviolet sunrays and fresh air.
Warm sunshine, fresh sea breezes, and moist air make the seaside an agreeable haven from Beijing?s dust. But excessive sun exposure can easily darken your skin, and of course most Chinese girls prefer fair skin. To prepare for a pleasing and beautiful sojourn (逗留) at
the seaside take note of following:
1. Night time skin care
Even if you?ve managed to block the sun in the daytime, give your skin a soothing rehabilitative (使复原的) treatment in the evening. Cool your glowing skin with a product like La Mer?s newly released The Concentrate (50ml/RMB 3,700).
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in50
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2. Shine in your bikini.
At the seashore, your body is more in the spotlight than your face. To become a bikini beauty, you need to take care of every inch of your skin. Exfoliate with a fine-grained scrub, which will not only let your exposed skin shine, but also acts as a deep cleanser to help prevent skin from darkening and roughening after too much sun and salt water.
3. Control excess oil.
Never try to control oil with foundation that will clog pores (阻塞毛孔) when combined
with sun block cream. Gentle oil-control products do a better job.
4. Hair care.
Beautiful girls never use free hotel shampoos, they carry their own moisturizing restoring hair care products. Wash your face and hair with fresh water after swimming to get rid of salty residue (残余～滤渣), and remember to protect your hair from too much sun
exposure.
Recommended skin care products
1. SPF30/PA++sunscreen products. HR Premium SPF40/PA++(RMB 620) protects your skin from ultraviolet rays.
2. Soothing, moisturizing, and after-sun rehabilitating products. Olay Intensive Nourishing Emulsion (RMB 120) has natural hot spring microelements to give rapid relief to burned skin.
3. Gentle exfoliating scrubs.
4. Easy to carry oil-control products.
5. Moisturizing shampoo and hair protection products.
Tips
1. Whitening is as important as wearing sunscreen. For dry skins, moisturizing products are a must. Laneige Water Sleeping Pack (RMB 150) is a good choice.
2. For sensitive skins, Nuskin Aloe Vera Gel complements sun block creams. Washing your face with lemonade stops skin from darkening and is refreshing.
3. Never use body sun block creams on your face. Use special facial sun block creams. For drier skins, Chanel UV Essential SPF45 (RMB 450) is nice, but Shu Uemura UV under Base DF (RMB 350) is much fresher.
If you?re going to a small town:
Typical resorts: Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang, Jiangsu; Phoenix, Zhejiang
Typical weather: 11-25? with a lot of ultraviolet radiation
As depicted in Teresa Teng?s popular song Xiaocheng Gushi (Small Town Romances), small-secluded charming Chinese towns are the scene of many romances. Pebble tracks, winding lanes and ancient low villas make romantic backdrop for lovers wandering development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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hand-in-hand. To prepare for a romantic and sweet stay in a small town, take note of the following:
1. Go easy on the make up! To match your light-hearted mood we recommend the
minimum of make-up. Basic skin care to keep your face healthy and glowing is enough.
2. Wear flirtatious (俏皮的) colors for special nights.
Liquid foundation in heavy glass bottles and powdered blush or eye shadow is not easy to carry. So we recommend sun-blocking pressed powder, two-in-one brow pencil and eye liners, and products that can be used on both lips and cheeks.
3. Make-up removal.
Remember to remove sun block creams at night. Try a moisturizing and relaxing mask, and we promise you a renewed glowing complexion the next day.
Recommended skin care products
1. SPF15/PA+sun block face cream. Its small size makes Freeplus UV Day Protector (RMB 190, sun block and moisturizer) a good choice.
2. A multi-functional cosmetic case. Bobbi Brow?ns hand-sized palettes (RMB 380),
including a foundation stick, creamy concealer, corrector, and sheer finish pressed powder are convenient.
3. Clear foundation. Maybelline Mousse White Stay (RMB 89) the mousse-like texture makes this foundation light, breathable, and easy to carry.
4. Make up remover. Lancome?s mild Gentle Clarifying and Cleaning Fluid (small set) is
perfect for traveling and it does a good job of removing all make-up thoroughly.
Tips
1. Apart from your daily skin care routine, traveling girls may also need protective lip cream, mascara (Maybelline is a good cheap choice), and fragrance (Try Anna Sui?s fresh Secret Wish Eau de Toilette).
2. For lazy girls, base creams are especially useful. Wearing just a base foundation cream is enough and saves the trouble of constantly reapplying foundation at romantic moments. Others may try creamy concealers and pressed powers. Adding blush (Watsons small tubes of blush are cheap/RMB20-30 and works well) will give a healthy glow.
If you?re going mountaineering:
Typical resorts: Huashan, Shanxi; Huangshan, Anhui; Shennongjia, Sichuan
Typical weather: 10-20?, a high level of ultraviolet radiation and dry air.
Boys often complain that mountaineering girls with their disheveled (凌乱的) hair and no
makeup don?t look attractive. In response to this, we recommend you use absolutely no
makeup except for basic skin care. But looking beautiful without the aid of makeup isn?t easy! With all your mountaineering equipment in your backpack, there isn?t much room for skin care products. The key is to choose the most important ones only, such as the following:
1. Moisturizing products.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in52
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Moisturizing and hydrating creams and masks help you become both sporty and ladylike.
2. Sun block products.
Even though the sunshine is usually not too strong in the mountains, you should take care not to be burned by ultraviolet radiation. Fresh breathable SPF20-30 sun block products are recommended.
3. Facial cleaning pads.
Easy to carry cleaning pads help you stay fresh and clean at all times.
4. Soothing creams.
Compound soothing creams can be applied onto the skin directly to reduce inflammation and help you relax.
5. Lip conditioner and hand cream to prevent dryness caused by wind.
Tips
1. Make sure you have enough moisturizing skin care products, including a cleanser, cream, lotion and mask, even at the expense of makeup products.
2. Secret recipe mask: While your boyfriend is away finding wood for the fire, apply a mashed banana to your face and leave for over ten minutes. Although tiny allergic symptoms (red swollen patches) may appear right after you rinse (冲洗掉, 漂净) off the mask, your face
will be dazzling after a sound sleep.
1. Tips of how to stay beautiful through traveling are provided in the passage.
2. Exfoliate with a fine-grained scrub can help prevent skin from darkening.
3. Beautiful girls never use free hotel toothbrush.
4. Travelers had better not use special facial sun block creams on body.
5. Typical resorts to a small town are Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang and Sichuan.
6. If you?re going to Shanxi, you are recommended to use basic skin care.
7. Five tips are offered before you?re going mountaineering.
8. Typical temperature for going mountaineering is________ .
9. The name of the popular song mentioned in the passage is_________ .
10. To prevent dryness caused by wind in mountains, you should take ________. Passage 3
Airplane Instruments
Modern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges(量表) and
electronic aids to help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials and warning lights. One of the most important instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how high the plane is off the ground. The air speed indicator measures the plane's speed. The artificial horizon shows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much, if at all, the plane is turning and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always know which way the plane is heading if it development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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weren't for this instrument. A gyrocompass(旋转罗盘)and various radio devices are
necessary for navigation.
Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It will fly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs and landings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the many pieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperatures, cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. The radio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals.
Airplane Construction
Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. After World War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted into place over metal ribs. Strong epoxy(环氧的) glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, they became heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes.
The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight can cause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of this trouble. Defective parts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people.
Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions of the models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight. This approach helps save a lot of money. It also helps to make airplanes safe.
Airport
An airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on the airplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways for takeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thousands of passengers and their baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres. Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoid delays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high above the ground. Air traffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs and landings.
Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, and many kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departments, fuel storage tanks, and repair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports.
One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7 200 hectares ,18 000 acres,.Its five
terminals can handle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in54
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Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares ,50 to 100 acres,.They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may be just a small room in a building at ground level.
Runways
Early planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runways became necessary when airplanes became heavier and faster. Today's big jet planes weigh hundreds of tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph ,100 mph,.When
they land, the runways take a lot of pounding and must be made of concrete or asphalt(沥
青).They must have solid foundations and a surface that prevents skidding.
Airplanes take off into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to have better control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. This means that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off and land.
Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground. Runways at some large airports are longer than 3 000m,10 000 ft,.
At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system of flashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pilots land safely.
Control Towers
People who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movements of all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot the plane down the runway.
Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planes far away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach (GCA).When the airplane gets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use Precision Approach Radar (PAR).This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4km,0.25mi,of the runway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather is the Instrument Landing System (ILS).In this system, radio transmitters located near the runway send guidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the final approach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS) that can land the plane fully automatically.
Terminal Buildings
Terminal buildings vary in size and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 million people fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long, covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded. At some airports, buses are used to transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving from another country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check the incoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items are brought into the country. Passport officials check the passports of passengers for personal identification.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane. Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they are carrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also examined for weapons. This is done to ensure the safety of the passengers.
1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes.
2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot.
3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are able to communicate with ground controllers.
4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones.
5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth.
6. The runways should be long and solid enough for the heavily loaded jets.
7. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is used by air traffic controllers to keep track of airplanes far away from the airport.
8. The planes can be landed fully automatically if the control towers are equipped with _________ .
9. After getting off the plane, every passenger arriving from another country must pass through____________ .
10. When passengers go through a detector before they board, and anything made of metal is detected, the detector triggers__________________.
Passage 4
The Power of Personal Attitudes
Each of us is made up of various physical, vital, and mental parts. There is our physical body and its organs, muscles, etc; the vital being with its sensations, emotions and feelings, and the mental part with its thoughts, memories, reasoning power, beliefs, etc. Somewhere between our emotions and our thought processing lie our attitudes -- our emotional perceptions about life, about others, even towards our own selves. Attitudes generally express positively and negatively. E.g. when I have good feelings towards my work or towards others, the attitude is positive. When I feel reluctant to do certain things that are necessary, or show hostility towards certain individuals, then my attitude is negative.
Attitudes About Ourselves, Others, Life
Though we have many attitudes about all aspects of life, if we look a little closer we can identify three basic types—those that have to do with ourselves, those we have about others and the objects around us, and those we have towards life itself. An example of a negative attitude about ourselves is having low self-esteem, or low self-confidence. An example of a wanting attitudes about others is a feeling ill will towards another person, or being mistrustful of others. An example of a negative attitude towards life is being pessimistic that things will never turn out well. The good news however is that if we change any negative
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in56
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attitude to the positive, life tends to quickly respond. Consider this true story, where a person changed her attitude about certain people:
A woman was working as a temporary employee for a large medical organization. For months, she complained about certain coworkers at her job. At the time, she had decided to develop a 30-day plan to secure a full-time position. One part of her plan was to change her attitude toward these particular individuals. In the days that followed, she persisted in following her plan, especially focusing on her wanting attitude toward others. She was shocked however when a month into her plan, she was suddenly asked to work for the organization full time -- her first non-temporary job in nearly a decade! That is the power of changing a negative attitude toward others.
Negative Expressions Attracts Negative Response
So far we have indicated that changing a negative attitude can attract sudden instances of good fortune. Inversely, if we take to a negative attitude, we can attract instances of bad fortune. For example, if we speak negatively about another person, it is likely that problematic circumstances will arise.
A man “A” met a fellow instructor “B” before a class he was to perform that day. One of the things they discussed were problems they had experienced in earlier classes. In particular, A kept talking about how the students at a certain client were particularly difficult to work with. He persisted in expressing his feelings. Though that instructor rarely had problems with his students, later on that day, as well as in the next two classes, he had a series of difficulties with his students!
As we see, when we express negative sentiment in life—whether it is ill will towards
certain individuals or complaining about situations—we tend to elicit ill fortune. The best
approach then is to avoid all negative expressions or complaining about others. In our moment-to-moment activities, we need to be mindful of our thoughts and feelings, and catch any negative expression—whether it us a flawed attitudes, a limited opinions, or a hasty, reflexive reaction. This is indeed serious business, because such expressions can literally destroy a work.
The Power of an Overall Positive Attitude
In addition to having the right attitudes towards others and life around us, it is always best to have an overall positive attitude. Here?s another real-life incident to show you what I
mean:
A management consultant was hoping to have a key meeting with the principle officers of a company with over $100 billion in assets. For days, he fretted about the deal as the potential client failed to contact him. He developed greater and greater doubts that the meeting would ever take place. Finally, he remembered that it was important to have a positive attitude in these situations. He decided to change his attitude about the potential meeting from worry and concern to being positive. A very short time later, he was contacted by the client that the meeting could in fact take place. He was thrilled. In addition, years of high-level consulting work followed with the client!
That is the power of having a generally positive attitude.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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“I have a meeting with G, an important audio salesperson. We work through a system to get him committed and productive. We discuss the fact that he must commit. During the meeting, I am conscious of my attitude that is negative about our chances of success. I struggle to reverse them. We are then interrupted as the store is then filled with customers, and a good one for that salesperson to boot!”
An overall positive attitude has the power to attract sudden good fortune from the world around us. We have also seen that when difficult circumstances come in your way, and you do not get overwrought by them, maintaining a positive calm attitude, life can suddenly reverse and cancel the problem or otherwise bring sudden instances of good fortune.
1. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the main parts of our physical body. 2. Our attitudes are our emotional perceptions about life and about others. 3. One?s low self-esteem shows a negative attitude about himself.
4. Even if we change any negative attitude to the positive, life will not change at all. 5. The story of the woman who finds a job by changing her attitude towards others shows us the power of changing a positive attitude toward others.
6. If we speak positively about another person, good things will happen. 7. The story about the man “A” and the man “B” shows us if we speak negatively about another person, it is likely that problematic circumstances will arise. 8. When we express negative sentiment in life, the best approach is to avoid _________ about others.
9. Besides having the right attitudes towards others and life around us, we should _________.
10. When difficult circumstances come in your way, __________ can help you to reverse life and cancel the problem.
Passage 5
How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint Presentations
Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.
The Text
Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a
good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words.
Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in58
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Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24.
Use only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose
two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.
Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.
Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.
Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.
Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.
Don?t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to.
Run “spell check” on your show when finished.
The Background
Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read.
If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light color for text.
Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions.
Don?t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.
The Clips
Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers.
Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words.
When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show.
Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible.
Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships.
The Presentation
If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps.
Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show.
On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you?re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.
Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible.
If using a laser pointer, don?t move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide,
do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience.
Black out the screen (use “B” on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.
You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you?ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once.
Miscellaneous
Master Slide Set-Up:
The “master slide” will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide” level.
First, go to the “View” menu.
Pull down the “Master” menu.
Select the “slide master” menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.
1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.
2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should be complicated. 3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other. 4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of each word. 5. Centering bulleted lists or text can help to read.
6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.
7. When importing flashes, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in60
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8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience_________. 9. Pressing the E key can help you to __________.
10. In order to ________, you can make changes at the “slide master” level.
Passage 6
Natural Disasters
Earthquakes
When the Earth Moves
Earthquakes are caused by the motion of tectonic plates—individual sections that make up
the Earth?s surface like panels on a football. Immense strain accumulates along fault lines where adjacent plates meet. When the rock separating the plates gives way, sudden seismic ground-shaking movement occurs.
Of course, if we want to know why earthquakes happen, we need to dig a little deeper.
Centre of the Earth
The Earth is made up of three main layers: The core is at the centre of the Earth. The mantle is a mobile semi-molten layer around the core. The outer-shell of the Earth is called the crust. Scientists call this the lithosphere—it?s the part we?re on now.
The crust is made up of 12 individual tectonic plates. Below the sea, they can measure three to six miles (4km-9.6km) thick and under land this increases to 20-44 miles (32km-70.8km). Below the crust, radiation from the Earth?s core heats the semi-molten
mantle to temperatures of over 5000?C.
All fluids when heated—even molten rock—are affected by a process called convection.
That makes hot liquid rise to displace cooler liquid, creating a current. Tectonic plates effectively float on the mantle, like croutons in a bowl of super-heated soup. But these plates and constantly move due to the convection current.
Of course, they creep along very slowly—roughly the same speed your fingernails grow.
Even at this sub snail-pace, the effects can be devastating. The combined annual force of earthquakes is equal to 100,000 times the power of the atomic bombs that flattened Hiroshima.
The point where the seismic activity occurs is the epicentre, where the earthquake is strongest. But it doesn?t always end there; seismic waves travel out from the epicentre, sometimes creating widespread destruction as they pass.
Volcanoes
Without doubt, erupting volcanoes are the most awesome and terrifying sights in nature. In fact, their untamed destructive firepower has shaped and influenced many ancient cultures from Pompeii, to Japan.
It?s estimated that one in ten of the World?s population live within “danger range” of volcanoes. According to the Smithsonian Institute, there are 1511 “active” volcanoes across the globe, and many more dormant ones that could recharge at any moment. development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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When tectonic plates collide～like earthquakes, volcanoes form at weak-points in the
Earth?s crust, known as “fault-lines”.
When two tectonic plates collide, the event can provide the catalyst for volcanic activity. As one section slides on top of the other, the one beneath is pushed down into the mantle. Water trapped in the crust can cause reactions within the mantle. Why? Well, it?s thought
that when the water mixes with the mantle, it lowers the mantle?s melting point, and the solid mantle melts to form a liquid, known as „magma?.
Under Increasing Pressure
Since liquid rock is less dense than solid rock, magma begins to rise through the Earth?s
crust. It forces its way up, melting surrounding rock and increasing the amount of magma.
Magma only stops rising when the pressure from the rock layer above it becomes too great. It gathers below the Earth?s surface in a “magma chamber”.
When the pressure increases in the chamber, the crust finally gives way and magma spews out onto the Earth?s surface forming a volcano. When it reaches the surface, magma becomes known as “lava”.
Volcanic eruptions vary in intensity and appearance depending on two factors: the amount of gas contained in the magma. its viscosity—how runny it is.
In general, the explosive eruptions come from high gas levels and high viscosity in the magma. Whilst lava floes result from magmas with low gas levels and low viscosity. Mount Etna
Over millions of years, lava and ash from eruptions might build up to form a mountainous volcano like Mt Etna in Italy.
Hurricanes
By definition, a hurricane is fierce rotating storm with an intense centre of low pressure that only happens in the tropics. In south-east Asia they?re known as typhoons and in the
Indian Ocean, cyclones.
They cause high winds, huge waves, and heavy flooding. In 1998, Hurricane Gilbert produced 160mph winds, killing 318 people, and devastating Jamaica. A tropical storm can only be classified as a hurricane if it sustains wind speeds above 73mph or force 12 on the Beaufort Scale. Each year about 50 tropical storms reach hurricane status.
One of the most powerful of all weather systems, hurricanes are powered by the heat energy released by the condensation of water vapour. However, the conditions have to be exact for a hurricane to form, with the sea?s surface temperature being above 26.5?C.
How Hurricanes Happen
Air above warm tropical water rises quickly as it is heated by the sea. As the air rises it rotates or spins creating an area of low pressure, known as the eye of the storm. The eye can be clearly seen on satellite pictures, and is usually eerily calm.
The hurricane only moves slowly at speeds of 20-25mph bringing torrential rain and thunderstorms and very strong winds. However, they also cause flooding on low lying coastlines with a phenomenon known as a “storm surge”.
Storm Surge
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in62
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This is caused by the intense low pressure at the eye of a hurricane, combining with the effect of strong winds. The sea rises 1cm for every millibar of pressure - if the pressure is 930 millibar, the sea surge will be about 80 cm. Hurricanes can raise the seas surface by as much as 4m.
The hurricane winds push the surge along in front of its path. When this surge hits low-lying coasts, the effects can be devastating. In addition to the sea surge, flooding can also result from torrential rain falling from the storm clouds.
Once it reaches the mainland, a hurricane may cause widespread damage for a few days, but with no warm water to supply heat, they quickly die out.
1. Earthquakes are caused by the motion of tectonic plates that make up the Earth?s surface.
2. The Earth is made up of four main layers: the core, the mantle, the crust and the magma. 3. It is the convection that make hot liquid rise to displace cooler liquid, creating a current. 4. The earthquake at the epicenter is weakest.
5. Both of volcanoes and earthquakes form at weak-points in the Earth?s crust when tectonic
plates collide,.
6. Magma will fall through the Earth?s crust if the liquid rock is less dense than solid rock.
7. Mt Etna in Italy produced 160mph winds and killed 296 people in 2000.
8. A hurricane is defined as a fierce rotating storm with an intense centre of low pressure that_______.
9. Torrential rain, __________ are always brought by the hurricane.
10. If there is no warm water to supply heat, the hurricane will______.
Passage 7
Younger Artists Struggle to Excite Buyers
As the senior global specialist and vice president for Chinese contemporary art at Sotheby?s in New York, Zhang Xiaoming travels to China almost every month. Here she usually meets collectors and dealers. When her schedule allows, she also takes the time to check out artists? studios and their latest productions.
But Zhang admits to finding it increasingly difficult on recent visits to be "touched" by the new works that she has seen.
"Maybe there are great works that have not been discovered, but from what I see, many artists are repeating themselves and the market for younger artists’ works is overpriced,"
she said.
"The most important artists coming out of China, those who have been celebrated by international collectors, are artists who created works at very difficult times, and were inspired by their tradition, history and culture."
"These works are really deeply connected to their own culture and their own traditions," Zhang said. "But what is happening right now is a lot of younger artists coming to the market have a lack of spirituality. For me it’s hard to read what their artwork is about. Today some
of the artists that fetch high prices may not last over the longer term."
Zhang is one of several market professionals who have raised concerns that Chinese development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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contemporary art could be becoming overpriced, and might be heading for an inevitable correction, after recording stellar gains of about 40 percent each year for the past two years.examda.com
Still, if the latest auction results for Asian contemporary artwork at Christie’s are
anything to go by, buyers are still extremely bullish, though increasingly selective.
The inaugural evening sale of Asian Contemporary Art at Christie’s in Hong Kong raised
318.38 million Hong Kong dollars, or $40.8 million, well above the presale estimate of 174.6 to 231.8 million dollars.
Christie’s was offering a small, highly selective list of high-caliber works by leading artists, including Zeng Fanzhi, Yue Minjun, Zhang Xiaogang, Cai Guoqiang and Takashi Murakami, and the buyers snapped them up. Only two of the 34 lots failed to meet their reserve and several records were set, including a new world auction record for any Chinese contemporary artwork, for Zeng Fanzhi?s monumental "Mask Series 1996 No.6"which sold for
75.3 million dollars.
"There was quite an even bidding between the room and the phones, though the phones seem to win in the end on the top lots," said Eric Chang, head of Asian contemporary art and Chinese 20th century art at Christie’s. "I think this evening sale has opened another gate
for Asian contemporary art."
The auction continued equally strongly Sunday, with 341 lots raising 253.1 million dollars. While many buyers remain enthusiastic, they are also becoming more discerning.
"Gweong-Gweong,"by Yue Minjun, sold for 54 million dollars, a record for the artist and well above the 4.9 million dollars that it fetched in November 2005. But "Great Solidarity", painted by Yue in 1992, was one of the lots that failed to sell, despite being a historically significant piece that established the artist?s trademark motif of rows of repeated figures of himself.
"I think that piece had some condition issues," Chang said. "The market is more mature now and collectors will select the good quality pieces in best condition."
Interest was not confined to Chinese contemporary art. The weekend auction set records for 29 Japanese artists, 10 Indian artists and 10 Korean ones.
"Interest in Japanese contemporary art was very strong," Chang said. "In general, pieces sold for between three to 10 times their estimates."
The market for Japanese contemporary art, which has embraced subcultures like manga, anime, fantasy and technology, has seen an incredible explosion in interest in recent months, helping to feed an increase of nearly threefold in total sales receipts at Christie?s Hong Kong
auctions to 36.1 million dollars this past autumn from 12.5 million dollars in the spring of 2007.
"Japanese prices have been driven up by interest from Asian buyers," said Zhang Xiaoming, head of Chinese contemporary art at Sotheby’s in New York. "In fact, they are
outperforming Chinese artists, but because they’re starting from a lower base, prices are
still lagging behind those of Chinese."
Korean contemporary artists have also started to make some waves, although they still have to develop the salesroom buzz that surrounds the Japanese.
In contrast to all the exuberance in the contemporary market, however, interest in
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in64
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Chinese 20th century art is showing signs of fatigue.
In the second evening sale Saturday, featuring Chinese 20th century work, only 73 percent of the 26 lots were sold, raising 151.4 million dollars —within the estimate of 130.7
million to 168.3 million dollars but lacking in excitement. The next day went a little better, when 83 percent of the lots were sold, raising another 91.1 million dollars.
"Some pieces went very high, but maybe the estimates were on the high side,"Chang acknowledged.
Of six lots by the Taiwanese artist Kuo Po Chuan, only one was sold. "Sunset at Danshui" went for 2.64 million dollars, at the lower end of its estimate of 2.5 million to 3 million dollars. His star lot, "The Forbidden City", estimated at 5 million to 7 million dollars, failed to find a buyer. A piece from the same series was sold for a less-than-expect-ed 27.2 million dollars at a Sotheby?s Hong Kong auction last month.
"Chinese collectors might have been turned off by the latest developments on the local stock market, as well as the Sichuan earthquake," he said. "But I think the market prices will come back up."
1. Zhang Xiaoming has settled in China and she found that the Chinese contemporary art really touches her.
2. According to Zhang, many artists are repeating themselves.
3. Zhang thinks tradition, history and culture are the sources of the artists?inspiration.
4. Zhang is the senior global specialist and vice president for Chinese contemporary art at Sotheby’s in New York.
5. Some market professionals including Zhang pointed out that some Chinese contemporary artworks are overpriced and most collectors have began to realize it.examda.com
6. Chinese contemporary artworks are the most popular among the collectors.
7. Japanese contemporary artworks sold badly in the auction.
8. Eric Chang, head of Asian contemporary art and Chinese 20th century art at Christie’s
thinks that the market is very mature now and the buyers will _______________.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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第四章 十五选十,Banked Close,
第一节 选词填空,Banked Cloze,解题技巧
选词填空篇章长度为200—250词～考查考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解和运用能力,要求考生阅读一篇删去若干词汇的短文～然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词汇填空～使短文复原。
,一,解题步骤
对于这种新题型～我们怎么应对呢,
时间分配:7分钟 = 25 – 18 ,18 分钟留给Section B的两篇常规阅读～选词填空题要给出7分钟,
第一步:通读全文 (1分钟)
通读全文是用较快速度～一行一行地读～目的是把握至少90% 的文章内容。选词填空后面的选项词义互不关联～词性也不同～而且还有5个干扰项～切不可先看选项～乱了脑子。一定要先了解文章大意～带着文章脉络去找选项。所以～务必先沉着地把文章读一遍～尤其注意gap 前后的位臵～为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。
提醒:先居高临下～花5秒钟把短文各个自然段的段首扫一遍。比如样题的各段是这样开头的:
When Roberto Feliz came to the USA…
Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him…
Today, he is a ________ doctor, run his own clinic…
Roberto?s story is just one of ________ success stories.
一眼就能看出短文的主要内容:Roberto开始不行～随着时间的推移,When – Then – Today ,后来在别人帮助下成功 (success stories)了。心里有了底～再读文章就轻松多了。
提醒:Banked cloze 的短文,text,第一句是不允许出题的～它对全文起概括、提示的作用。所以～一定要认真看懂第一句。
第二步:整理选项 (1分钟)
这一步～公认的做法是先标出15个选项的词性。目前四级考试只考实词中的四种:名词做主语和宾语, 动词做谓语～形容词做定语～副词做状语。不考代词和数词,也不考虚词,冠词, 介词, 连词, 感叹词,
四种实词中～考得最少是副词, 不超过两个空。剩下的三种平均每次有三道题。研究样题和真题后发现～动词一直是考三个。另外三种词性～有两个～也有四个。
标词性时的切入点是后缀～也就是词尾。以ion, age, ness, ty, ship, ace, ance, ancy, ence, ency,
dom, itude, um, mony 结尾的大都是名词, 以ize, ise, fy结尾的大都是动词,以ive, ent, ant, ful,
ous, able, ary, ic, cal, less结尾的是大都是形容词,以ly, s, ways, wise 结尾的大都是副词。
这里有两个问题:一、有的词做名词和做动词都很常见～没有上下文不好判断～这时两个都要标出来～先标你脑子里第一个出现的词性。二、以ing, ed 结尾的词既可能是动词～也可能是分词转变而来的形容词。这时怎么办,很简单～新四级考试中的banked cloze 还没有到考分词作形容词的难度～所以～碰到这种情况～一律看成是动词～包括非谓语动词。
第三步:选词填空 (4分钟)
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in66
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调动语法知识～先确定单词的词性～再去词表中找同一词类的选项～挑出正确答案。
动词的确定:动词最容易确定～因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语～是很明显的缺陷。而
且动词的关联性、可比性最差～选这个和选那个有天壤之别。
名词的确定:
1(冠词a, an, the 的后面。
2(介词in, on, from…的后面。
3(形容词 (包括指示形容词demonstrative adjectives或称限定词determiners～如this, that,
these, those )的后面。
形容词的确定: 名词的前面。
副词的确定:
1(动词的附近,指前面或后面,。
真题:…jobs that used to be done primarily by women…
2(形容词的前面。真题:…but they are still not completely sure what leads to it…
3(句子的前面。如:Not surprisingly, the jury found them both guilty.
上面谈的是根据语法确定词性～现在谈谈根据上下文确定词义。默念这句话:‚答案就在周围:?
如果你留心的话～空白附近的暗示无处不在。
真题举例:
1(the income …gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now ____ about half of all cars. 正向并列:buying 同义词暗示 purchase. ,2006-12,
2( The hot, humid air over the ocean causes sever _____ thunderstorms. 正向并列:hot,
humid 同义词暗示tropical.,2006-6,
3(…other parts face drought, poor crops and _______. 正向并列:poor crops 同义词暗
示 starvation,欠收自然导致饥荒。,2006-6,
结论:眼尖一点～脑子勤一点。
第四步:回顾检查 review (1分钟)
速度要快～只看有题的句子即可。
,二,解题五绝招:
1) 词性判断 2) 常用搭配 3) 内在逻辑 4) 感情色彩 5) 语法常识
,四,实例分析 ,以四级考试大纲中的样题为例～结合解题方法～命题特点进行剖析,
When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a __47__ "I couldn't understand anything," he said. He__48__ from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.
Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his__49__ Spanish. "She helped me stay smart while teaching me English," he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he__50__ confidence and began to succeed in school.
Today, he is a__51__ doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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day, he uses the language and academic skills he__52__ through bilingual education to treat his patients.
Roberto's story is just one of__53__ success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most__54__ way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students__55__outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college__56__rates of more than 90%. In El Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.
A) wonder B) acquired C) consistently D) regained
E) nightmare F) native G) acceptance H) effective
I) hid J) prominent K) decent L) countless
M) recalled N) breakthrough O) automatically
解题思路与命题点剖析:
1(通读完文章后～对所给备选词汇进行词性分类:
名 词: E) nightmare G) acceptance N) breakthrough A) wonder
形容词: J) prominent F) native L) countless K) decent H) effective
副 词: C) consistently O) automatically
动 词: B) acquired I) hid D) regained M) recalled
2(根据上下文的衔接～基本语法知识～固定搭配～词义感情色彩进行答题。
47) 根据基本语法常识判断～ 在该空前有一个冠词 “ a” ～说明该空应填一个名词～而且进一
步推断～一定为可数名词并且是单数名词～然后我们就从刚才词性归类后的名词中寻找答案。由此
可以进一步缩小范围～由15选1变成了4选1。根据上下文还可以看到～上一句提到Roberto Feliz
只知道一些英语单词～而该空后面一句的意思是他说我不理解任何事情～由此可以判断出47空的
名词感情色彩应该为负面或者说为贬义～由此缩小了包围圈～在这4个名词中～贬带义的只有E)
nightmare～ 因此我们锁定答案。
总结: 该题目的考查重点为词性分类以及对上下文感情色彩的判断。
48) 首先根据语法常识判断～该空所填词的词性应该为动词～细心的同学很快可以发现～在这
个空后出现了and～ 表明这是一个平行结构～这个发现对于解这个题目非常重要～根据and前后
的动词判断～此处也应该填动词的过去时～我们再进一步判断～该空后面句子的意思为 “他回到家
后就哭～而且想着辍学”～由此我们判断这个地方所填的动词的感情色彩也为贬义的～与该句后面并
列结构的感情色彩一至～我们不难判断该空该填I) hid。
总结: 该题目的考查重点为平行结构以及句子所表达的感情色彩。
49)根据基本语法常识来判断～该空所填的词应该是修饰Spanish～所以我们判断该空应该填
一个形容词～从词性这个角度缩小了范围。接着～我们来看上下文的含义。上文提到Mrs. Malave
是一位双语教师。从这里我们可以看出～49空前有个in这个词～这是一个信号词:表示当这位双
语老师在教数学和科学的时候用某种语言。再根据句意判断～我们不难得出答案～应该填F) native
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in68
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总结: 该题重点考查上下文的理解以及词性判断。
50,根据语法常识判断～该空应该填一个动词～与confidence构成动宾搭配。此外～还有三个地方的提示。首先是given的理解～Given放句首～后跟名词或从句～然后再跟主句是固定句型。given充当介词使用～表示假设、假定等意思。 该句的意思为 “假定给他一个展示他能力的机会的话” ; 其次是对于 “and”的准确理解～ and表示一个并列平行结构～后半句的意思是 “在学校开始取得成功” 通过这句可以表明前半句的感情色彩也应该是褒义的; 最后～就是根据上下文意思的衔接来判断～ 文章第一段说到对于英语他几乎不懂～在校躲着老师～在家经常哭泣～总想辍学～语言对于他来说是一场噩梦～由此可以判断他对学习英语失去了信心～ 而本句的后半句说他开始在学校取得成功～很明显这是重拾信心的表现。综上～我们得出该空的答案为D) regained
总结: 该题考查的重点为词性判断～上下文的理解～以及固定搭配。
51, 根据语法判断～我们很容易断定这个空应该填一个形容词来修饰doctor这个名词。 此外～解本题的关键还有一个小词～就是today这个词～这个词出现就说明文中隐含着时间对比的考点～对解题有间接的提示作用～对于这种小词的准确含义的理解～考生绝对不能忽视。除了这个线索之外～在这个空的后面句子的意思为 “他开了自己的诊所～而且在许多家医院工作” 这足以说明他在事业上的成功。感情色彩为褒义色彩。再根据与doctor搭配的原则～很快就能在几个形容词中锁定答案J) prominent。
总结: 该题的考查重点为词性判断～上下文衔接以及句子感情色彩的判断。
52,根据语法知识判断～该空所填的应该是一个动词。此外～考生可以发现所填的动词是与academic skills构成动宾搭配。很明显～根据句意: 他用通过双语教学所学到的语言和获得的技能来治疗他的病人。很快判断出该空应该填B) acquired 。
总结: 本题所考查的重点是词性判断～特别是考生对固定搭配的掌握。
53,该空所填的应该是一个形容词修饰stories～又根据one of 的意思来判断～ Roberto's story只不过是众多成功故事中的一个～所以我们可以锁定答案L) countless 。
总结: 本题重点考查词性判断～特别是上下文意思的理解。
54,本题的解题关键有两个。首先是根据语法常识来判断词性～该空应该填形容词来修饰way。其次根据整句话的意思来判断: 本句的意思为 “研究表明双语教学对于教孩子英语以及保证他们在学术上取得成功是一种( )的方法” 。本段开头正好讲了Roberto's story成功的例子～双语教学给Roberto带来了成功。 因此我们可以判断这个地方所填的形容词应该是褒义的～不难得出结论H) effective。
总结: 本题除了继续考查词性判断外～更重要的是考查对上下文感情色彩的整体把握。
55,根据语法常识判断～此处该填一个副词来修饰动词outperform。又根据句子的意思～很容易判断出应该填C) consistently(持续地～一直地)。
总结: 本题考查的重点是词性判断以及句意理解。难度较小。
56, 根据语法常识可以判断～本空应该填一个名词来与rates来搭配～构成词组。上文中出现了dropout rates(辍学率)～而本句又使用了比较级的手法～由此判断为比较考点。 通过常识判断～这里肯定填G) acceptance～与rates构成词组acceptance rate,入学率,～与前面所提到的dropout rates (辍学率)构成对比。总结: 本题特别考查了上下文的衔接关系。 development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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第二节 强化训练
Passage 1
The American patent system, provided for in the Constitution, was designed to encourage the creation and use of new technology. An inventor would describe the invention, both in writing and with drawings, and __47__ the description with a model to a government official. If the invention was judged to be ___48__ and beneficial, the official would give the inventor a patent. The patent meant that for 14 years the inventor owned the new invention. Inventors could ___49__ their ideas to manufacturers or just use them themselves. The government would not ___50__ any other patent for the same idea, and the inventor could ___51__ anyone of using the patented idea with- out paying the owner of the patent for ___52__ to use it.
A useful patent meant that the inventor could make a lot of money. In exchange for this governmental protection, the government published the patent __53___ , which had to provide enough information so that other people could understand the invention—thus adding
to the general__54_technological knowledge. And at the end of the 14 years, anyone could use the invention for__55__.The idea behind the patent system was twofold: it would increase the amount of technology, by providing a way for people to make money out of new ideas, and it would make new technology widely available, by publicizing ideas that might ___56__ be kept as trade secrets.
A) license B) however C) accuse D) submit E) convenient
F) permission G) enable H) free I ) specifications J ) yield
K) issue L) charge M) available N) otherwise O) original
Passage 2
The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily 1 with sheer physical
survival and beyond that its own economic 2 . Thus, children were valued in terms of
their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination and their psychological needs and capacities received little 3 .
As the society became more complex, the 4 of children in the family and in the
society became more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many of other members. 5 ,
viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes 6 the rights of children
and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their will-being.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in70
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This new 7 of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge ,猛增,of interest in child- 8 techniques. People
today spend a 9 portion of their time conferring,探讨,on the proper way to bring
up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person?s child by spreading the gospel of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing.
The socialization of the 10 child in the United States is a two-way communication between parent and child rather than a one-way parent to child training program. As a consequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.
A prosperity B status C protecting D rearing
E contemporary F reveal G curiosity H concerned
I consideration J consequently K view L considerable
Passage 3
M stimulated N consistently O reserving Citing an epidemic of obesity, Surgeon General Dr. David Satcher, today called on communities and schools to help children and adults lose weight and stay 1
Satcher 2 schools as central to efforts to prevent and decrease excess weight problems, and recommended they 3 physical education programs and
provide healthy food alternatives. Communities also must offer safe places to exercise, he 4 . “Many people believe that dealing with overweight and obesity is a personal responsibility,” Satcher states. “To some degree they are right, but it is
also a community responsibility.”
An estimated 300,000deaths may be 5 to obesity in the United States each
year, and more than 60% of adults in 1999 could be 6 as overweight or obese,7
to the new report from the surgeon general. But the problem is not just a concern for adults. The prevalence of obesity for adolescents has nearly 8 in the past two
decades, making early intervention all the more critical.
According to the report, in 1999, 13 percent of children between the ages of 6 and 11 and 14 percent of those aged 12 to 19 were overweight. And the younger a person begins to carry excess weight, the 9 the potential impact on their future
quality of life. Weight gain and obesity are major 10 to poor health, increasing the
risk of a number of medical conditions including heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and even certain cancers.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving roadA purchase B classified C urged D interview 网址:www.52xqd.net 论坛:www.newstartchina.net
E tripled F contributors G moreover H healthy
I greater J attributed K improve L deal
M according N checkout O identified
Passage 4
The weather prediction for Asia in 2050 read like a script from a doomsday(世界
末日) movie.
Except many climatologists and green groups fear they will come 1 unless
there is a concerted global effort to rein(驾驭) in greenhouse gas 2 .
In the decades to come, Asia--home to more than half the world?s 6.3 billion
people--will lurch(倾斜) 3 one climate extreme to another, with impoverished farmers battling droughts, floods, 4 , food shortages and rising sea levels.
“It?s not a pretty picture,” said Steve Sawyer, climate policy adviser with Greenpeace in Amsterdam. Global warming and changes to weather 5 are already
occurring and there is enough excess carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere to drive climate change for decades to 6 .
Already, changes are being felt in Asia but worse is likely to come, Sawyer and
top climate bodies say, and could lead to mass migration and widespread humanitarian
7 .
According to predictions, glaciers will 8 faster, some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands will have to evacuate or build sea defenses, storms will become more intense
and insect and water-borne diseases will move into new areas as the world 9 .
Experts say environmental 10 such as deforestation and pollution will likely magnify the impacts of climate change.
A come B scholarship C melt D Passage 4
emissions
E effort F patterns G crises H
true
Passage 5
I conceive J warms K disease With What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 47 about it afterward.
We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We?re 48 with health and
M degradation N long O from weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 49 to this
ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn?t eaten but
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in72
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smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 50 ways of doing it.
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation?s food has come to be 51 by imports — pizza,
say, or hot dogs. And some of the country?s most treasured cooking comes from people who
arrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation?s
defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 52 .
But strong opinions have not brought 53. Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 54 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.
The 55 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It?s no coincidence,
then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage,束缚,. It?s
what we eat — and how we 56 it with friends, family, and strangers — that help define
America as a community today.
A. answer B. result C. share D. guilty E. constant
F. defined G. vanish H. adapted I. creative J. belief
K. suspicious L. certainty M. obsessed N. identify O. ideals
Passage 6
There?s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling our
insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?
Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too uncertain—something projected
by the same computer 50 that often can?t get next week?s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn?t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.
Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news.
From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52 is up 1?F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren?t pretty. Ice is 53, rivers are running dry, and
coasts are 54, threatening communities.
The 55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn?t be out of mind, because they are omens of what?s in store for the 56 of the planet.
A. remote B. techniques C. consisting D. rest E. willing
F. climate G. skill H. appetite I. melting J. vanishing
K. eroding L. temperature M. curiosity N. changes O. skillful
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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第五章 完形填空,Cloze,
第一节 概述
完形填空,Cloze共20题～考试时间15分钟,是大学英语四级考试中的常见题型。在一篇200-250字的短文中～从中去掉20个词～每个空白为一题～每题有A、B、C、和D四个选择项～要求考生15分钟以内在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案～使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。
完形填空旨在检查考生外语综合水平。在知识层次～检查词汇、语法知识,在应用层次～检查理解全文主题大意和作者意图的能力、根据上下文运用语言知识猜测生词词义的能力、以及全面驾驭语篇、获取信息的能力。
第二节 测试重点
1、词汇方面
(1)选项的语义辨析 语义辨析主要集中在实词(名词～动词～形容词和副词)～选项往往以同义词～近义词～反义词或形近易混词的形式出现。
(2)固定搭配 固定搭配以动词～形容词与副词～介词构成的词组居多～这些词组出现在完形填空中～主要以副词和介词为考点。
2、语法方面
(1) 定语从句～主要考查连接词～限定与非限定定语从句的区别～定语从句的判别(区分定语从句与其它主从复合句)。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in74
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(2) 非谓语动词(动词不定式～现在分词～过去分词～动名词)。
(3) 主谓搭配一致(时态～语态～语气～人称～数)。
(4) 否定句各种否定词及双重否定。
(5) 逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)～在句法上不是主谓关系～但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系。
(6) 句型句式～包括区别简单句～并列句～对称结构或省略～倒装及割裂的复杂句子。 (7) 词类之间的搭配要求～如名词需要形容词～名词～冠词～非谓语动词～词组及定语从句修饰,动词需要副词词组修饰,及物动词后应加宾语等。
3、语篇方面
(1) 语境。语境就是我们平常所说的上下文。广义的语境指所有的上下文～段与段之间,句子与句子之间～句子与段之间的语义关系。狭义的语境指句子内部的词语之间在语义上的联系。 (2) 句际之间的逻辑关系完形填空。句际之间的逻辑关系主要包括:并列关系(连接词有and, while等),转折关系(连接词有but, whereas, nevertheless～however, though等),因果关系(连接词有so, therefore, thus, because, for, since, as等);让步关系( 连接词有 though, although, despite, in spite of等 ),条件关系( 连接词有if, unless, once, provided that,
in case of 等) ,解释关系( 连接词有i.e., that is to say, in other word等),顺序关系(连接词有before, after 等)。
(3) 词汇的复现关系。词汇的复现关系是指某一个词以原词～指代词～同义词～近义词～上义词～下义词～概括词等出现在语篇中～语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系得以相互衔接。根据这个原则～某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词～考生可以根据这些复现词之间的有机联系确定答案。
(4) 词汇的同现关系。词汇的同现关系是指词汇共同出现的倾向性。在语篇中～围绕一定的主题～一定的词就会同时出现～这种词的同现关系与语篇范围关系密切～根据这个原则～我们可以删除一些语篇范围以外的选项～而将重点放在语篇范围以内的选项上。
第三节 应试策略与解题技巧
要做好完形填空～必须要在通读全文、把握结构与大意的前提下～根据所提供的选项及句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息～通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。根据完形填空这一测试特点～应采取以下五个步骤逐一进行。
步骤一、了解大意
通读整篇文章～弄清文章的大意和结构～确立正确的背景知识。考生在第一遍阅读中～要善于从文章开头的几句话中把握短文的背景、主题或结构～并结合常识判断、构建一定的预期～并在随后的阅读中～不断修正～以求与原文一致。
步骤二～初选答案
在填每个空格时～可以从出题者的出题思路着手～初步作出每个题的答案。总的来说～出题人有以下六种出题思路。
,一,词义与词形的辨析。选项与选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。有时出题者也借助选项～考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。举例:
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Geographers compare and contrast 71 places on the earth.
71. A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous
译文:地理学家比较和对照地球上的什么地方。
出题者精心设计只为考察compare和contrast的精确含义。compare意为to exam for similarities and differences, contrast意为to compare in order to show differences。综合两
个词的含义～应为‚找出其相似之处与不同之处?。B,various‚各种各样?为正确答案。
,二,逻辑关系。所填空格的句子～与上下文构成指代、列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系。
The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of
protection; 72 , what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system…
72. A) otherwise B) moreover C) however D) also
根据上下文～空格前的意思为‚外籍研究学者通常把自己隔离在实验室里作为一种保护的
手段?。空格后为‚他需要融入的是高度的组织化的大学系统?。前者是一种孤离的状态‚isolate?～
而后者都是一种组织化的系统‚befitted to a highly organized university?～从逻辑的角度而言～前后已然成为对立、矛盾的关系。所以答案为表示对比,转折,关系的连词 however.
(三)结构识别。这里讲到的结构～是指英文中句子结构的固定词组～如not only…but also…,as well, some…the others…, still others…等。
(四)固定搭配。这里的固定搭配～是指动词与名词之间的搭配。如:同样是‚利用……?, 却有不同的搭配take advantage of sth. /make use of sth.
(五)动词的用法。考生应从动词的时态、语态,被动语态和主动语态,以及非谓语动词(不
定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词,几个角度逐一考虑。
(六)介词的用法。介词的用法中多考察介词与名词、介词与形容词及及介词与动词的搭配
和用法。
除了按照以上六种思路从正面逐一解题外～考生还可以灵活多变地从反面入手～利用排除法
获得正确答案。在四级考试的完形填空部分～特别是在考察关联词的测试中～利用一种叫‚同性元
素排除法?的方法能够快速地缩小可选范围～找到正确答案。例如:
“In the United States professors have many other duties 86 teaching, such as
administrative or research work . 87 , the time that a professor can spend with a student
outside of classis limited.”
86. A) but B) except C) with D) besides 87. A) However B)Therefore C) Furthermore D) Nevertheless
在完形填空中～所谓的同性元素是指具有相同的含义～同样的语法功能以及一致用法的两
个或多个选项～只要具备以上几个条件～那它们相互之间就构成了同性元素。其实～同性元素的出
现～是出题者黔驴技穷的表现～是为了凑足四个选项不得已而为之的。分析以上两题选项～很明显～86题中～A与B互为同性元素～意思与语法功用一模一样～均表示‚除了…?,不包含,。 87题中A与D也如出一辙～均是表示转折的连词～译为“然而～但是”～选项中一旦出现同性元素～它
们必定不是正确答案～一旦发现选项中有同性元素存在～考生应立即将其排除掉。这样一来～86
题只剩下可选答案C,、D,～87题只剩下B,、C,～可选范围迅速缩小～再根据上下文逻辑关系的
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in76
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Yangshuo New Start English College 判定可得出正确答案86D,～87B,。
运用排除法解题还有如下几种情况:
?从时态、语态、语气、名词的数等各个角度分析所填内容是否与上下文一致～从而排除一些备选答案～缩小选择范围,
?分析空白处与前后词之间的语义关联、搭配关系～从而排除一些选项,
?弄清楚该题的句法关系～分析一下它是简单句、并列句～还是复合句,
?判断所填的内容在句中充当什么成分～应是什么词性～并分析备选答案之间的异同～从而排除干扰项选出正确答案。
步骤三～寻找线索
完形填空不同于句子与结构～必须要从整篇文章入手～通篇考虑～结合上下文答案～寻找线索就秉承了这一思想。有些题从单纯的句子来考虑～我们会发现四个选项均可以入选～但从上下文的线索入手～就能迅速排除其它三个～找到正确答案。从某种意义上来说～‚寻找线索‚不仅考察考生的语言知识～而且更强调考生对文章内容的整体把握。所以～解答完形填空题时～有时文章中提供的信息还不够～考生要把符合常识的一些知识信息结合起来考虑～选出符合常识的最佳答案。
步骤四～回头补缺
在做题时～如果有的难题一时做不出来～应立刻跳过此题～继续往下做。考生不要在某一题上花费大量的时间。只要考生坚持往下做～随着空格变得越来越少～对文章的理解也越来越轻松～有时就能从下文的线索和暗示中找到答案。
步骤五～核实答案
题目填完后,除个别难度较大的题目外,～考生应利用一到两分钟将答案带入原文通读～通读的目的是通过“语感”来核实答案。这样读下来～不仅可以改正填错的词～而且还可以在这一过程中得到启发～把做不上来的题目填出来。进行核查同时注意以下三点:
1(上下文的一致性:即时态语态的一致,代词、名词、单复数的一致。
2(从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手～看是否符合上下文的逻辑。
3(段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。
综上所述～以上这五个步骤在整个完形填空的做题过程中缺一不可。对文章大意的了解是前提条件～答案的初选是做题的核心～在这一过程中～除了逻辑关系以外～其余5种出题思路更主要的是针对考生平时的积累和记忆的程度～考察考生的语言功底。再次提醒各位～完形填空的成功离不开对篇章的整体把握。孤立、片面地看问题～终会使你失望而归。
Test 1
From Boston to Los Angeles, from NewYork City to Chicago to Dallas, museums are
either planning, building, or wrapping up wholesale __1__ programs. These programs
already have 2 altered facades and floor plans or 3 to do so in the not too distant
future. In New York City alone, six major institutions have __4_ up and out into the air
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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space and neighborhoods around them or are preparing to do so.
The reasons 5 this confluence (汇合) of activity are complex, but one factor is a 6__ everywhere——space. With collections 7 each year, with the needs and functions of museums changing, empty space has become a very precious 8 for all
the people. Probably 9 in the country is this more true than at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which has needed 10 space for decades and which received its last 11 facelift
ten years ago.
Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly __12 in
considering acquisitions and donations 13 art, in some cases passing up opportunities to 14 its collections. Decreasing or selling off works of art __15 new importance because
of the museum's space problems. And 16 , curators have been forced to rearrange the gallery space, rotating one masterpiece into public _ 17__ while another is sent to _18 in
the warehouse (仓库). _19 the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however, "the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its__20 in the next fifteen
years," according to Philadelphia Museum of Art's president.
1. A. expanding B. expanded C. expansion D. expand
2. A. radically B. unnoticeably C. unassumingly D. modestly
3. A. are expecting B. is expecting C. are expected D. is expected
4. A. scattered B. spread C. established D. increased
5. A. among B. from C. for D. why
6. A. consideration B. thinking C. measurement D. calculation
7. A. increased B. increasing C. having increased D.having been increased
8. A. phenomenon B. value C. treasure D. commodity
9. A. somewhere B. nowhere C. anywhere D. wherever
10. A. excessive B. extreme C. additional D. unnecessary
11. A. significant B. noticeable C. evident D. visible
12. A. careful B. wary C. distrustful D. cautious
13. A. of B. for C. in D. from
14. A. purchase B. order C. strengthen D. select
15. A. has attached B. has invested C. has demonstratedD. has taken
16. A. gradually B. increasingly C. slowly D. regularly
17. A. view B. performance C. appreciation D. access
18. A. store B. storing C. storage D. storeroom
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in78
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Yangshuo New Start English College
19. A. For B. Through C. Despite D. Though
20. A. enclosure B. envelope C. sphere D. territory
Test 2
From childhood to old age, all of us have to use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first 1 _ , they were like
newborn children, unable to use this __2 _ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind's future __3__ and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is __4 __ for our ability to produce and use languages. They _ 5__ that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language
ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents (支持者) of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, _ 9 a function of the
growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical ___10___ times for
language development.
Current __11__ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. __12__ , more and more schools are
discovering that foreign languages are best taught in __13__ grades. Young children
often can learn several languages by being __14__ to them, while adults have a much
harder time learning another language once the __15__ of their first language have become firmly fixed.
__16__ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been __17__ from other human beings do not
possess languages. This demonstrates that __18__ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language __19__ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. __20__, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their children's language skills by positively reinforcing precise
imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1. A. generated B. evolved C. born D. originated
2. A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite
3. A. attainment B. feasibility C. entertainment D. evolution
4. A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible
5. A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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6. A. for B. from C. of D. from
7. A. organizations B. organisms C. humans D. children
8. A. potential B. performance C. preference D. passion
9. A. as B. just as C. like D. unlike
10. A. ideological B. biological C. social D. psychological
11. A. reviews B. reference C. reaction D. recommendation
12. A. In a word B. In a sense C. Indeed D. In other words
13. A. various B. different C. higher D. the lower
14. A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved
15. A. regulations B. formations C. rules D. constitutions
16. A. Although B. Whether C. Since D. When
17. A. distinguished B. different C. protected D. isolated
18. A. exposition B. comparison C. contrast D. interaction
19. A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. alternative
20. A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. Above all
Test3
One of the most popular literary __1__ in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her long life in China. In her lifetime she __2__ the most highly acclaimed literary award in the Unite States: the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of
literary __3__ in the world, the Nobel Prize __4__ Literature.
Pearl S. Buck was almost a __5__ word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific (多产的) literary __6__, which consisted __7__ of some works, including several dozen novels, 6 collections of short stories, 14 books for children, and more than a dozen
works of nonfiction. When she was 80 years old, some 25 volumes were __8__ publication.
Many of those books were __9__ China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life __10__ as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West.
As the __11__ of those two cultures she became, as she __12__ herself, "mentally
bifocal (双焦点的). " Her unique __13__ made her into an unusually __14__ and versatile
human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be __15__ that we are
in fact __16__ three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer and a humanitarian and philanthropist (慈善家). One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning __17__ each of the three. Though __18__ in her lifetime with even the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes, Pearl Buck as a __19__ human being, not only a famous author,
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in80
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Yangshuo New Start English College
is a captivating (迷人的) __20__ of study.
1. A. figures B. persons C. people D. writers
2. A. obtained B. achieved C. result D. earned
3. A. achievement B. recognition C. contribution D. creation
4. A. for B. to C. in D. on
5. A. familiarized B. recognizable C. mysterious D. household
6. A. output B. conception C. invention D. productivity
7. A. publishing B. published C. publicity D. publicized
8. A. waiting B. waited for C. awaited for D. awaiting
9. A. set in B. set aside C. set up D. set off
10. A. acted B. served C. provided D. supplied
11. A. outcome B. mixture C. product D. combination
12. A. called B. named C. termed D. described
13. A. history B. background C. setting D. childhood
14. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. disinterest
15. A. aware B. conscious C. mindful D. responsive
16. A. dealing B. meeting C. analyzing D. distinguishing
17. A. from B. of C. about D. on
18. A. honor B. honorable C. honoring D. honored
19. A. comprehensive B. total C. complete D. genuine
20. A. topic B. area C. theme D. subject
Test 4
Traveling can be fun and easy. A vacation trip to another part of the country is especially
__1__ when the traveling conditions are good. Good traveling conditions __2__ : ( 1 ) a
comfortable and familiar mode of transportation, (2) knowledge of the country's language
and system of money, (3) __3__ with the customs and habits of the people in the country, and (4) nice travel __4__. All of us have had nice trips __5__ this. In fact, we have good __6__ of an enjoyable, relaxing trip.
Most of us have also had trips that we would __7__ to forget. Many conditions can produce a bad __8__ experience. For example, if the four conditions __9__ above do not exist, we will __10__ have a bad experience, or at a difficult __11__. Students who travel to another country to __12__ often have a difficult trip. They __13__ travel alone, they development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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don't know the language of the new country __14__, they are not familiar with the money system and so on. They often arrive in the new country at a huge __15__ airport. From the airport, they need to __16__ their way to the city where their school is. Maybe they need to
__17__ airplanes, to take a bus, a train, or a taxi. They need to do all this in a country
__18__ everything is unfamiliar: the language, the money, the people, the cities, and the
weather. Later, after the experiences are over, they __19__ laugh. But certainly at the __20__ , they feel terrible.
1. A. enjoyable B. amusing C. happy D. favorable
2. A. include B. exclude C. conclude D. contain
3. A. awareness B. understanding C. interest D. familiarity
4. A. friends B. companions C. colleagues D. companies
5. A. like B. as C. towards D. for
6. A. memories B. impressions C. opinions D. pictures
7. A. like B. have C. want D. need
8. A. trip B. tour C. travel D. visit
9. A. outlined B. talked C. discussed D. listed
10. A. impossibly B. probably C. completely D. partly
11. A. one B. a C. that D. this
12. A. study B. play C. experience D. inspect
13. A. hardly B. rarely C. particularly D. usually
14. A. yet B. too C. either D. already
15. A. national B. international C. domestic D. local
16. A. watch B. notice C. see D. find
17. A. alter B. board C. take D. change
18. A. where B. when C. whose D. which
19. A. need B. shall C. may D. must
20. A. airport B. country C. time D. day
Test 5
Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers (地
理学家) compare and contrast __1__ places on the earth. But they also __2__ beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a __3__. The word geography comes from two Greek words, "ge', the Greek word for "earth" and "graphein", __4__ means "to write". The English word " geography" means "to describe the earth". __5__ geography books
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in82
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focus on a small area __6__ a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an
__7__ continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another __8__ to
divide the study of __9__ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural
geography. The former __10__ on the natural world; the __11__ starts with human beings and __12__ how human beings and their environment act __13__ each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, __14__ branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described __15__ one who observes, records, and explains the __16__
between places in the world. If places were __17__, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, __18__ no two places are exactly the same. Geography, __19__, is a point of view, a special way of __20__ at places.
1. A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous
2. A) pass B) reach C) go D)set
3. A) whole B) unit C) part D) total
4. A) what B) when C,which D) where
5. A) Some B,Many C) Most D,Few
6. A) outside B) except C) at D) like
7. A) extensive B) entire C) overall D) enormous
8. A) way B) means C) habit D) technique
9. A) world B) earth C) geography D) globe
10. A) focuses B) studies C) researches D) observes
11. A) second B) later C) next D) latter
12. A) learns B) studies C) realizes D) understands
13. A) upon B) for C) between D) among
14. A) neither B) either C) one D) each
15. A) over B) to C) as D) by
16. A) exceptions B) sameness C) differences D) divisions
17. A) likely B) likeable C) liking D) alike
18. A) although B) whether C) since D) that
19. A) still B) then C) nevertheless D) moreover
20. A) working B) looking C) arriving D) getting
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Test 6
Have you ever felt trapped in a job you hate? __1__ you are ready to move forward and find a more fulfilling position, career transition (过渡～变迁) specialist Gregg Taylor has a few __2__ to help deal with the emotional side of __3__ your job.
When writing your resignation letter, keep it short and __4__ the point. Express your gratitude for the __5__ and state your resignation date. "You don't need to __6__ them
much, "says Taylor. "Keep things as simple as possible, and as quiet as possible. "
Keep the details to yourself. It will lessen any tension from the time you __7__ in your resignation letter until the day you leave. __8__, be sure to complete any __9__ you are working on. This is just good __10__ and common sense for everybody, __11__ if you plan on asking for a reference. Use up any __12__ vacation time and sick days.
__13__ and location are key. Taylor suggests booking a conference room to break the
__14__ to your boss. A neutral __15__ will give you a better chance of __16__ your boss' reaction. Taylor also suggests conducting the meeting in the morning, early in week. This
gives your boss time to __17__ from the news.
Give your employer appropriate notice. "They may not be __18__ about your leaving, but they will __19__ being given enough notice to find your __20__ and for you to assist in training the new person," says Taylor.
1. A) If B) Because C) Until D) Although
2. A) plans B) warnings C) tips D) comments
3. A) finding B) improving C) finishing D) leaving
4. A) to B) on C) at D) in
5. A) process B) experience C) choice D) resignation
6. A) thank B) tell C) impress D) give
7. A) fill B) end C) take D) hand
8. A) Indeed B) Therefore C) Also D) However
9. A) project B) form C) scheme D) report
10. A) deeds B) manners C) intentions D) relations
11. A) especially B) specifically C) finally D) surely
12. A) relaxing B) rewarding C) refreshing D) remaining
13. A) Timing B) Date C) Period D) Chance
14. A) silence B) record C) promise D) news
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in84
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15. A) setting B) attitude C) position D) opinion
16. A) predicting B) controlling C) observing D) understanding
17. A) recover B) escape C) select D) benefit
18. A) angry B) curious C) happy D) worried
19. A) enjoy B) regret C) resent D) appreciate
20. A) consideration B) promotion C) replacement D) motivation
Test 7
Silence is unnatural to man. He begins his life with a cry and __1__ it in stillness. In the __2__ he does all he can to make a noise and there are few things of which he stands in more
fear than the __3__ of noise. Even his conversation is in great measure a desperate attempt to __4__ a (糟透的～讨厌的) silence. If he is introduced to someone, and a number of dreadful
__5__ occur in the conversation he regards himself as a failure and is full of __6__ of the
empties-headed chatterbox. He knows that 99% of human conversation means no more than the (嗡嗡声) of a fly, but he __7__ to join in the buzz, and to __8__ that he is buzzing
a man and not a wax-work figure.
The __9__ of a conversation is usually not to communicate ideas, but to __10__ up all
the buzzing sound. __11__, most buzzing is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable to the __12__. A man would be very __13__ if he waited until he had a wise thought before taking part in the buzzing with others. Those who despise (鄙视～看不起) the weather as a
conversational __14__ seem to me to be __15__ of the reason why human beings wish to talk. __16__, very few human beings join in a conversation in which they are __17__ allowed to
go on making a noise into other people?s ears, though they have nothing to tell them __18__
that they have seen two or three new plays or __19__ they have had bad food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of the evening during which they have said nothing meaningful __20__
immense length they congratulate themselves on their success as talkers.
1. A) ends B) finishes C) consumes D) renews
A)
2. B) interval C) process D) life interpretation
3. A) disturbance B) avoidance C) presence D) absence
4. A) cause B) make C) prevent D) forbid
5. A) interruptions B) mistakes C) intervals D) pauses
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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6. A) envy B) hatred C) love D) anger
7. A) longs B) thinks C) dislikes D) agrees
8. A) mean B) find C) say D) prove
9. A) meaning B) object C) topic D) obligation
10. A) get B) turn C) keep D) take
11. A) Fortunately B) Unfortunately C) Surprisingly D) Terribly
12. A) mentality B)spirit C) mind D) belief
13. A) sensible B) insensitive C) foolish D) wise
14. A) opening B) vacancy C) hole D) content
15. A) ignorant B) conscious C) aware D) regardless
16. A) Therefore B) Accordingly C) However D) Furthermore
17. A) completely B) totally C) luckily D) merely
18. A) except B) for C) in D) besides
19. A) which B) how C) if D) that
20. A) with B) at C) to D) toward
Test 8
Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed it to be. Astronauts who are
__1__ to go there in the next decade may find plenty __2__ water to slake (消除) their
thirst.
And with water present the __3__ of finding some sort of life on Mars are __4__
brighter.
This is the view of 40 __5__ all over the world who have been analyzing __6__ of
pictures and other scientific __7__ obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventies.
To begin with scientists thought the Red Planet was as __8__ as the Moon with dust
storms swirling over vast sandy __9__. But now the picture is very different with mountains and valleys carved by __10__ glaciers and torrential rivers rushing and rumbling deep underground.
In a report on the __11__ of the Martian pictures Dr. Michael Car of the US Geological Survey comments: "I am __12__ there's lots of water on Mars. " Any surface water will be in the __13__ of ice. But it could save explorers __14__ to take so much fresh __15__ with
them.
The report says __16__ Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages __17__ due to its
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in86
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Yangshuo New Start English College axis having been more steeply tilted towards the Sun.
__18__ convincing signs of plant or animal life have been __19__ by instruments soft
landed on Mars, __20__ only the immediate vicinity (靠近) of landing vehicles could be
examined.
1. A) expected B) hoped C) required D) eager
2. A) to B) of C) more D) in
3. A) chances B) openings C) occasions D) opportunities
4. A) quite B) very C) much D) more
5. A) biologists B) geologists C) sociologists D) psychologists
6. A) lots B) quantities C) thousand D) thousands
7. A) tidings B) news C) intelligence D) information
8. A) peaceful B) quiet C) lifeless D) dead
9. A) deserts B) mountains C) seas D) rivers
10. A) energetic B) great C) massive D) mighty
11. A) diagnosis B) syntheses C) analysis D) analyses
12. A) convinced B) guaranteed C) believed D) proved
13. A) appearance B) mould C) form D) shape
14. A) taking B) having C) conveying D) carrying
15. A) water B) ice C) food D) vegetable
16. A) what B) if C) how D) that
17. A) pass B) past C) ago D) before
18. A) Not B) No C) Nor D) Never
19. A) detected B) touched C) seen D) felt
20. A) probably B) perhaps C) supposed D) although
第六章 翻译
第一节 应试策略与解题技巧
一、命题特点
翻译部分为汉译英～测试的是句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力～共5个句子～一句一题～句长为l5—30词。句中的一部分已用英文给出～要求考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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语。考试时间5分钟。翻译须符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯～要求用词准确。需要考生由汉语翻译成英语的部分～在意义上是一个独立的成分(但不是一个单词)～一般需要用到英语中某个词组短语～或者固定搭配～或者某种句型结构。翻译的标准还淡不上‚信、达、雅?～只需要将汉语的意思完整地表达出来～符合英语表达方法和整个句子语法的要求～当然不能有时态语态和拼写方面的错误。
二、翻译常见问题和应对政策
理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构～表达关键在于符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。翻译的标准是准确、通顺、完整。方法是直译为主适当意译。
三、解题方法:
第一步:通读全句～正确理解。首先快速浏览句子～先看英语不看汉语～从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。
所谓形式包括:
1词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等)
2.虚拟
3.被动
所谓时态是指:根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。
第二步:分析成分～划分意群。看括号里面的汉语句子～以核心谓语动词为切入点～找准主谓宾、分清定状补。
第三步:选择词义～贴切表达。适当调整～书写译文。先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补～切块对应翻译～重新组合。动词注意时态～名词注意单复数。
第二节 例题详解
1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to __________ (适应不同文化中的生活).[ 06.12]
[解题步骤]:
第一步:由it is not easy to可以推出～划线处应该接动词原形。
第二步:划分成分‚适应不同文化的生活?
核心谓语动词是‚适应?～‚不同文化的?作定语～‚生活?作宾语。
第三步:
(1).切块对应翻译:‚适应?=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to,‚生活?=life,‚不同文化的?=different cultures
(2).重新组合:adapt oneself to the life in different cultures
[正确答案]:adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures
[翻 译]:跨文化研究专家说～适应不同文化的生活不是一件容易的事情。
[考察
知识点
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]:[词组固定搭配]adapt oneself to sth/doing sth‚适应
2.Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). [解题步骤]:
第一步:由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出～划线处应该填写一个句子～时态需要根据后面的汉语意思作进一步的确定。
第二步:划分成分‚没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力?
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in88
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核心谓语动词是‚比------更有吸引力?～ ‚没有什么?作主语～‚读书?作宾语～‚对我?作
状语。
第三步:
(1).切块对应翻译:‚比------更有吸引力?= be more attractive to sb～‚没有什么?=nothing～
‚读书?=reading～‚对我?=for/to me。
(2).重新组合:nothing is more attractive to me than reading
[正确答案]:nothing is more attractive to me than reading
[翻 译]:从儿时起我就发现～没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。
[考察知识点]:[比较级]nothing+比较级=最高级,时态:因为从句叙述的是现在的事情～所以
用一般现在是即可。
3.The victim ________(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
[解题步骤]:
第一步:由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出～划线处应该填写
谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整～并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气～是对过去的虚拟。
第二步:划分成分‚本来会有机会活下来?
核心谓语动词是‚本来有机会------?～‚活下来?作宾语。
第三步:
(1).切块对应翻译:‚本来有机会------?= would have had a chance to do sth～‚活下来?
=survive
(2).重新组合:would have had a chance to survive. [正确答案]:would have had a chance to survive/of survival [翻 译]:如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话～他本来会有机会活下来的。
[考察知识点]:[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气～从句用had done～主句用would have done
有机会做某事:have a chance to do sth/of sth----
,‚虚拟语气?
在英语四级汉译英考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式:
第一种:由 ‚ if ?引导的虚拟句子
(1). 与现在的事实相反:[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]
If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你, 就会嫁给他。
(2). 与过去的事实相反:[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]
If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.
如果你用功学习, 就会通过考试了。
(3). 与将来的事实可能相反:[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]
If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?
第二种:用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为:‚---(should ) + do sth?(在美语中should常省去) 。
类似用法的动词有:
insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命
令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)
等后面的宾语从句中。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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第三种:用在‚It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd ,
amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial ,
imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable ,
preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged ,
recommended 等) + that ---?结构中的that 引导的主语从句中
第四种:用在It is time that --- 结构中, 表示‚该干某事了?, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。
It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。
注意: time 前可加about (表示‚大约?) 或high(表示‚强调?) 等。
4.Some psychologists claim that people___________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
[解题步骤]:
第一步:由Some psychologists claim that people .可以推出～划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾
语使得主句完整～并且主句时态用一般现在时。
第二步:划分成分‚出门在外时可能会感到孤独?
核心谓语动词是‚可能会感到?～‚孤独?作宾语～‚出门在外时?作状语。
第三步:
(1).切块对应翻译:‚可能会感到?= might feel～‚孤独?=lonely～‚出门在外时?be away from home.
(2).重新组合:might feel lonely when they are away from home.
[正确答案]:might feel lonely when they are away from home.
[翻 译]:一些心理学家认为人们出门在外时可能会感到孤独。
[考察知识点]:[词性辨析] lonely. adj.孤独的、寂寞的,alone. adj.独自的
[难 点]: ‚出门在外?的翻译。
第三节 历年四级翻译真题、答案与解析
09.6
87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had ________________ (很难跟上班里的
同学) in math and English.
88. If she hour earlier, Mary ________________(就不会被大雨淋着了).
89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are_____(更有可能增加体重).
90. (很多人所没有意识到的)________________ is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.
91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is ________________(与缺乏锻炼密切相
关).
解析:
87. difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates / difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 本题考点非
常明确，共有两个:一是四级核心词组keep up with sb (跟上某人)，二是核心短语have difficulty in doing sth (做某事是有困难的)，另外要注意另一类似短语，即have trouble in doing sth (做某事是有困难的)。
88. wouldn’t have been caught by the heavy rain 本题的考点为两个:第一考查对虚拟语气的掌握,情态动词
+完成时的结构。第二考查对短语be caught by 的掌握，意思为“被…所困”， 另外注意对雨这个概念的
修饰，一定要用heavy rain 而不是big rain 。
89. more likely to put on weight首先判断本题应该使用短语be likely to 来表示“有可能做某事”，而“增加
体重”的表达为put on weight ，除此之外，题目中表达的是“更有可能”，要加上more ，所以答案为more
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in90
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likely to put on weight . 除此之外，我们还应该掌握其相关表达，比如说lose one’s weight (减肥)，go on diet(节食)等。
90. what many people don't realize / what a host of folks don't realize 本题考查主语从句，对考生来说并不难。
91. closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack of exercise 本题考点有两个～一是对固定搭配的考查～be linked to = be related to (与…有关)以及the lack of exercise(缺乏锻炼),二是对修饰关系的考查～closely related是副词与动词的修饰关系。
08.12
87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems __ _
(他们至今还没有答案).
88.______ __( 大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible
for their children.
89.You'd better take a sweater with you ____ (以防天气变冷). 90.Through the project, many people have received training and ______ (决定自己创业). 91.The anti-virus agent was not known ________ (直到一名医生偶然发现了它). 解析:
87. which/that they haven?t found answers to做四六级的翻译题实质是在补全句子～所以已给出的英文和要翻译的中文都要分析清楚。本句中要翻译的是一句完整的话～而横线前是名词problems～因此显然是个定语从句的考点～可以选择that或which做关联词～核心动词搭配是have answers to～另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时的时态。
88. What most parents care about / are concerned about或The concern of most parents很显然本句缺主语～有两种方法处理:主语从句或名词短语～核心词汇“关心”可以用concern或care about。
89. in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold一看到“以防”～马上要反应出“in case”或“lest”这类的连词。如果用“in case”～后面的从句常用一般现在时或should+动词原型,如果是用lest～一般是用should+动词原型。
90. decided to start their own business本题的考察重点是不定式decide + to do～核心词组“自己创业”。
91. until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor本题考点是until引导的状语从句和被动语态的结合。“偶然”可以处理为by accident/chance或accidentally。
08.6
87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research
________________________(能应用于新技术的开发).
88. I can't boot my computer now .Something ___________________________(一定出了毛病) with its operation system.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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89. Leaving one's job, ________________________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 90. _______________ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91. _________________________(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. 详解
87.can be applied to the development of new technology本题考查被动结构和两个词组:应用
apply…to以及新技术的开发the development of new technology.
88. must be wrong考查词组‚出毛病?something is/goes wrong～另外考查语气‚一定?must.
89. no matter what kind it is / whatever it is考查让步状语从句的用法
90. Compared with the place where I grew up考查两点:与…相比compared with,带定语从句
的名词短语‚我成长的地方?。
91. Not until he had accomplished the mission从主句谓语动词的倒装结构可以知道考查的是not
until臵于句首时的用法。not until臵于句首时～until后用时间短语或正常语序的从句～主句用倒
装。另外根据语义关系选择正确时态。
07.12
87. ______ (多亏了一系列的发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that __ (我比以前更容易累了).
89. I am going to pursue this course, ___ (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).
90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ______
(它更加方便和省时).
91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life ___ __
(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 详解:
87. Thanks to/ Because of/ Owing to/ As a result of a series of new inventions本题考查‚多
亏了?和‚一系列?两个表达方法。
88. I am more likely to get tired than before. / it is more likely for me to become tired than
before. / I am more inclined to become tired than before.本题考点是‚更容易?～使用be more
likely to或be more inclined to.
89. no matter what I have to sacrifice / whatever sacrifice I have to make本题考点‚无论?
和‚牺牲?～如果不会拼写sacrifice,可用pay代替。
90. it is more convenient and less time-consuming / it is more convenient and time-saving. / it
is more convenient and can save more time本题难点是‚省时?～可用形容词或动词词组表示相
同意义。
91. is measured/evaluated by how much they can borrow/loan本题难点是被动语态。
07.6
87. The finding of this study failed to _________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in92
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Yangshuo New Start English College 88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is __________________ (我们可以合作的领域). 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ (决定退出比赛). 90. To make donations or for more information, please ________________ (按以下地址和我们联系). 91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ___________________(如果你方便的话). 详解
87. take people’s sleep quality into account/ consideration本题重点考查take sth into account这个短语。 88. the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate本题考查定语从句，而先行词作为前置宾语，后面引导的从句需要前置的介词。
89. decided to quit the match本题考查对时态的判断能力
90. contact us at the following address常见的祈使句表达
91. if it is convenient for you / at your convenience本题考查词组at one’s convenience.
06.12
87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to ______________ (适应不同文化中的生活). 88. Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 89. The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
90. Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 91. The nation?s population continues to rise ,以每年1200万人的速度,. 详解:
87. adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures本题考查adapt oneself to这个短语～这里to是介词～后面接名词或动名词。
88. nothing is more attractive to me than reading本题考查比较结构～另外就是从句的时态。一般来说～当写作目的是叙述时～使用过去时,若表达的内容是议论或常识、真理时～用现在时。 89. would have had a chance to survive/of survival本题考查与过去相反的虚拟语气的基本用法。 90. might feel lonely when they are away from home.本题考查虚拟语气中的建议句式。 91. at a speed / rate of 12 million per year.或 at an annual speed of 12 million考点之一是短语at a speed of～其二是数字1200万人的表达。
06.6
87.Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble______ (找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. (为了挣钱供我上学)～ Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.
89. The professor required that (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday. 90. The more you explain, (我愈糊涂). 91.Though a skilled worker, ( 他被公司解雇了)last week because of the
economic crisis.
详解:
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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87. ,in, finding the way to the history museum本题考查对句型have (no)trouble (in) doing sth.的掌握
88. In order to finance my education本题考查对不定式作目的状语的掌握。不 定式和不定
式短语作目的状语～主要用来修饰动词～表示某一动作或状态的目的。in order to 或 so as to 可
以 使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义～但so as to 一般 不用在句首。表示‚挣钱?还可以
用 raise money 或support。
89. we (should) hand in our research report 本题考查的是表示建议的句型
require that sb. (should) do sth.的掌握。
90. the more confused I am本题考查对句型the more…, the more的掌握～表示‚越…～越…? 。
第二个 more作的是副词～意为‚更? ～后跟形容词的比较级。结构‚the+形容词比较级，s+v～
the，形容词比较级，s+v? ～比较级后主谓结构不倒装。
91. he was fired by the company 本题考查对让步状语从句的掌握。当让步状语从句由连词
although或though引导时～意为‚虽然～尽管? ～主句不能用 but。由‚他被公司解雇?可知～
主句应该用被动式～又根据 last week可以判断句子的时态应该用一般过去时。 表示 ‚解雇? 还
可以用discharge和dismiss。
第四节 强化训练
1. The substance does not dissolve in water ____________________(不管是否加热).
2. Not only __________(他向我收费过高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either. 3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _____________(与我的相比).
4. On average, it is said, visitors spend only __________ (一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London. 5. By contrast, Americans mothers were more likely _______(把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent. 6. Today, ______________________________(随着生活节奏的加快), people usually do not have as
much time to write letters as before.
7. With the rise in population, the traffic in cities ________________ (日益拥挤).
8. Opportunity often ____________________(起重要作用) one’s choice of a career. 9. It is easier to _____________________(染上坏习惯) than to get into good ones. 10. However troublesome the problem is, __________________(他都耐心地去面对).
11. _________________(如果天气允许的话), the picnic will be held as scheduled. 12. ___________________(尽管发了洪水), the ship had reached its destination on time. 13. He concluded his speech with a remark that _______________(失败乃成功之母).
14. She never laughed, ______________________________(也从未发过脾气).
15. We advised them to take a rest, __________ _(可是他们要坚持完成这项工作).
16. They asked so many questions that ____________________(把我给弄糊涂了).
17. _________________________________(医生告诉他不要吸烟), Mr. Smith carried neither matches
nor cigarettes.
18. On entering another country, _________________________(游客必须通过海关)。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in94
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19. It has been suggested ______________ (经常看电视的人可能会变得过分消极).
20. We regret to inform you __________________________(你们订购的材料缺货).
21. He studied hard in his youth, __________ (这也是他后半生取得巨大成功的原因).
22. I understood _____________________________ (学会面对现实的真正价值).
23. It has been revealed that ____________________________________(有些政府官员滥用他们的权利
和职位)to get illegal profits for themselves. 24. Nowadays, we need to _____________________________________(与时俱进).
25. The violent tornado that struck in August last year ______________________ (已经引起全球科学家
的高度重视).
26. When he agrees with someone, _________________(英雄所见略同) is his tag. 27. The government has put forward a new economic policy with _______________________ (更加强调
降低通货膨胀率)(
28. You may stop now，but you must resume working at 2 o'clock _______________________(否则我会
给你新的任务以示惩罚)(
29. You have greatly disappointed me. _________________________________ (你做的远没有达到我们
的期望)(
30. Hurry up! The performance will start in no time(The doors _________________________ (我们到那
里的时候就会关闭了)(
31. Little __________________________________(她没有料到她的着装方式) would make her feel
totally out of place at the party(
32. The traditional approach to deal with complex problems ________________
______________________(是把它们分解成更小、更易解决的问题)(
33. Having _________________________________(没有钱但不想让别人知道), simply said he would
go without dinner(
34. Every man and every woman working here ________________(和我相处地很好)(
35. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _________________________ (正如当地政府建议的
那样), will be seriously considered here. 36. You don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather ______(你先处理自己的事情)。
37. The development of modern medicine __________(为人类的健康做出了巨大贡献).
38. The woman was astounded to learn that her dearest friend ________________ _________________
(一直在散布关于她的谣言).
39. Only by reading extensively and widely _______________ (你才能提高阅读技巧，丰富知识)。 40. It is highly desirable that ____________________________________(将报告中所列的数据
再次仔细检查)before it is sent to the Board of Directors.
41. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_____(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).
42. Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home,
but they decided not to work for the sale of the family. development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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43. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_________(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.
44. The price of beer____________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season. 45. _____________(任何国家无论在什么情况下都不可以) have the right to use nuclear weapons. 46. It’s essential that________________(他把一切准备好) before the examination . 47. The population of America is not large___________________ (与中国相比).
48. I am sure we can solve the problem if we all____________________(集思广益).
49. It is no good waiting for the bus,____________________(我们不妨走回家吧).
50. Prices are going up rapidly. Petrol now____________________ (是几年前的两倍).
51. Last week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, ________ ___ (尽情
地唱歌跳舞).
52. Why is she looking at me____________(像是她认识我似的)? I’ve never seen her before in my life. 53. Mr. Johnson made full preparation for the experiment ____________ (以便实验能顺利进行).
54. I avoided mentioning the sensitive subject lest________________ (触犯他).
55. She___________________(对我们的警告充耳不闻) and got lost.
56. That Canadian speaks Chinese_____________(和他说英语一样流利).
57. _______________(Tony 是否来) doesn’t matter much. We can rely on ourselves. 58. On hearing the news, I ____________(忍不住笑起来)and spread it among the class. 59. Not until Alice had a baby of her own___________(她才了解)how hard it was for her mother to
have brought up her sister and her on her own.
60. A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back
______________________(主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的).
61. More than 3 million children have health insurance now, and ___________________________
(超过250万的家庭已经摆脱贫困).
62. _____________________________________________ (除主席之外的所有董事会成员都投票
赞成我的建议)to set up a branch office in the suburbs.
63. The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are ________________ (为中国
的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).
64. The population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than
before._________________________________(发达国家尤为如此).
65. ________________ ,只要你喝了那个牌子的酒,, you will never want to drink any other. 66. _________,假如没有你的帮助,，I would not have succeeded.
67. This novel_______________,据说已经被翻译成二十多种外语,.
68. The students all felt very happy _________________,校长来看他们,.
69. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, ___________,这一点人人都清楚,。
70. The little girl went home, _______________,在母亲的陪同下,.
71. Please show us _________________,你刚才所买的东西,.
72. The employees of this company work very hard,_______________,其中百分之八十来自贫困地区,.
73. _____________,这个学生出版了两本小说, before he went to university.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in96
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74. When she heard the news, ___________,她与其说是感到惊讶还不如说是高兴,
75. In fact, Peter would rather have left for San Francisco _______(而不愿待着纽约).
76. I suggested he ____________________ (适应新环境) as soon as possible. 77. ____________________________(即使计算是正确的), scientists can never be sure that they have
included all variables and modeled them accurately. 78. Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they __________________ (为了逃脱而借助于
暴力).
79. Since a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring ___________________ (被认为是永恒爱
情的象征).
80. If she had not become a Japanese citizen, ______________ (冠军属于)China.
81. By the end of the 15th century what had developed into being was a modified, ______________ (大大
地丰富了的英语).
82. Young as he is, the child has developed the ability to look at things ______________ (从成人的角度). 83. The history professor has spent most of his time in icy Alaska, where the Eskimos still
__________________________ (坚持传统习俗).
84. I got to the airport, ___________(结果却发现) I had left my ticket at home. 85. The kids lay face down on the beach, their backs ___________(暴晒在阳光下).
86. The new computer is sold ___________(以比预期低得多的价格).
87. He said that ____________ (谁犯了法) deserves punishment.
88. _______________________ (他刚一关上门) than he heard the phone ring. 89. Scientists will have to ________________ (提出增加世界粮食供应量的新方法).
90. From that day on, ________________________. (我的生活才过得有意义)
91. It is high time that ________________________. (杜绝这种错误)
92. It is not that he is not clever enough, ______________. (而是他已沉迷网络很久了)
93. It is no good__________________________. (再继续和他争吵)
94. No one could account for___________________. (他一夜之间成了百万富翁)
95. _______________ (你越注意别人对你的印象)，the more you will feel nervous. 96. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作) instead
of mechanically.
97. Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I ___________________________ (本来不必从
银行借钱的)
98. By the time you get to New York, I____________(已经动身去) London.
99. It’s time__________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. 100. ___________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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第七章 写 作
第一节 概述
一(CET-4写作要求
《大学英语四级考试大纲》规定:写作 (Writing)部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力～分值比例为15%～考试时间30分钟。
考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等～写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。
二(CET-4评分原则
,1,CET作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人就总的印象给出奖励分～不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
,2,从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容～而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题～是否充分表达思想～也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想～也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成了理解上的障碍。针对这些原则～ 学生在写作中要注意:
1. 重视内容和语言
2. 尽量避免语法错误
3. 语言要有闪光点
三(CET-4评分标准(
(1)本题满分为15分。
(2)阅卷标准共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。
(3)阅卷人员根据阅卷标准～对照阅卷评分～如果认为与某一分数(如8分)相似～则定为该分数(即8分),如果认为稍优或稍劣于该分数～则可加1分(即9分)或减1分(即7分)。但不得加减半分。
(4)评分标准:
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in98
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
2分:条理不清～思路紊乱～语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误～且多数为严重错误。
5分--基本切题。表达思想不够清楚～连贯性差～有较多的严重语言错误。
8分--基本切题。表达思想比较清楚～文章尚连贯～但语言错误较多～其中有少量的严重错误。
11分--切题。表达思想清楚～文字连贯～但有少量语言错误。
14分--切题。表达思想清楚～文字通顺～连贯性好～基本上无语言错误。
注:白卷、作文与题目毫不相关～或只有几个孤立的词而思想无法表达～则给0分。
(5)字数不足应酌情扣分:
累 计 CET-4 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 70-79 60-69 50-59 <49
字 数
扣1分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
此外～对于规定三段的作文～只写一段者得0-4分～只写两段者得0-7分。 注:1.如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句～均不得计入所写字数。
2. 规定的内容未写全者,按比例扣分。 3(如果扣为0分～要慎重处理
第二节 应试策略与解题思路
一(四级写作临考建议
1. 先死后活
“死”是指熟记模板及范文。对于每种题型的作文，考生应熟记其模板，并背诵2-3篇。“活”是指用活的句型和活的语言。在准备阶段，考生应把“死”的模板和“活”的句型联系起来。 2. 对症下药
考生在熟读几篇范文后，可以把范文默写下来，在与原文相对照，会发现和原文有出入的地方，其中有些错误是考生的写作弱点，发现这些弱点，考生可以有针对性地进行准备。这样逐个突破可以受到事半公倍的效果。
3. 实战演练
在进行演练时，要注意灵活运用所掌握的范文模板及常用句式，在下笔前好好构思，切忌生搬硬套，以免出现文不对题的情况。
4. 考中建议
“5—20—5”原则 拿到题目后，用五分钟时间身体并草拟一份较为详细的提纲;然后，用20分钟时间充实提纲，完成作文;最后，用剩下的五分钟通篇检查，修改润色。
二、写作基本步骤
第一步，确定各段主题
四级作文的结构比较固定，一般都是三段式。命题要求中大都会给出两到三个中文或英文提纲，但所给提纲只是规定了文章的主要内容，每一个提纲并不等于每一段的主题，考生需要结合文章题目和所给提纲的内容重新确定各段的主题。例如:
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Limiting the Use of
Disposable Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the
outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用。
2. 由此带来的问题。
3. 限制一次性塑料袋。
分析:
第一段主题:描述一次性塑料袋在人们生活中的广泛应用情况。
第二段主题:指出一次性塑料袋带来的问题和危害。
第三段主题:阐述限制使用一次性塑料袋的作用和意义。
第二步:列出各段提纲
确定各段主题以后，不要匆忙动笔，应该在草稿纸或心中将各段要写的内容大致列出，做到心中有数，这样才能新闻流畅，衔接自然。
第三步: 逐一展开段落
一般来说，段落的基本构成包括:主题句，扩展句和结尾句。
第四步:通读全文检查
三、常见写作困境及对策
一) 审题
1. 偏题
审题时，考生应仔细阅读试题要求及相关信息，如图标、图画、数字等，准确把握出题意图。要了解标题的关键词是什么，要确定写作的重点应放在那个部分，比重如何分配，是否要平均等。但如果没能理解题目的核心，那么按照给出的提纲来写也未必会失分。
2. 漏点
漏点，即漏掉提纲中的内容。漏点在学生四级作文中很常见，从而在不够丢分的地方丢分。对此，学生在考试时应仔细审题，严格按照提纲来确定写作内容。
二)衔接与连贯
1. 语义不连贯
语义连贯是指文章在内容上是连贯的、统一的，所有的句子都是为全文的中心服务，表达的信息相互关联。就各段而言，其中的每一举火都要仅仅围绕该段的主题句，避免出现与主题句无关的内容。在写作时，要选择那些最能体现文章主题、最具代表型的例子，这些例子要表达一些思想，这样语义才会连贯，文章才会显得一气呵成。
2. 衔接不当
衔接得当是保证语义连贯的重要手段之一。文章处理内容要统一，逻辑关系也要紧密相连。在写作时，可以恰当地御用一些关联词或代词，是文章显得逻辑清楚，结构紧凑。
三) 句子
1. 句子不完整
写作不像口头交际，听者可以借助手势、语气、情景等来领悟省略的或不完整的语句。四句写作使用的是书面语，句子必须以完整的结构来表达完整的意思，若句子结构不完整会另意思表达不清。
例如: Because soming will do harm to one’s health. People should try not to smoke.
划线部分是句子片段，不能独立成句。出现这种情况的原因可能是考生写到后面时忘了前面的内容，误以为要表达的意思已经全面、结构已经完整，于是开始写新的句子。此句完整的应为:People should avoid smoking cigarettes because it will do harm to their health.
2. 主谓不一致
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in100
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
对中国学生来说，主谓不一致是十分常见的问题，在四句作文中也屡见不鲜。这应当引起考生足够
的重视。在平时联系中应有意识地避免出现这样的错误，多通读，多检查，考试时自然就会少犯了。
例如: Average number of hours a student spend on the Internet keeps increasing very fast.应改为:The average hours a student spends on the Internet keep increasing rapidly.
相比之下，由于缺乏语法只是导致主谓不一致的情况要复杂的多，仅仅通过细心检查也不一定能够
避免，只有在平时注意积累语法知识，并辅以联系加以巩固，才能减少这样的错误。
3.句子不间断
有的考生习惯在两个简单句之间不用任何关联词，仅用逗号连接，或者前一句还没有结束，下一句
就迫不及待地开始了。这种不间断的句子属于语法错误。例如:
I have a brother, he thinks that “6” and “8” are lucky numbers to Chinese people.
两个分句之间缺乏关联此，仅用逗号连接。尽管在现代英语中，用逗号连接两个分句的情况越来越
常见，但是在正式的文体中，还是要尽量避免出现此类句子。
I have a brother who thinks that “6” and “8” are lucky numbers to Chinese people.
4. 时态混乱
描述过去发生的事情要用过去时，描述一般事实时要用现在时。但由于疏忽或语法知识不牢固，有
些考生在写作时经常随意使用时态，使文章令人费解。例如:
There are almost no car on the road. Maybe the drivers got careless.
该剧描述已经发生的一起车祸，然后对事故原因进行推测。时态的混乱使句子表达不合逻辑，令人
费解。
There was almost no car on the road at that time, so the driver must have been very careless.
5. 逻辑混乱
逻辑混乱主要有两种表现形式:修饰语错位和悬垂修饰语。
1)修饰语错位
修饰语错位可能是形容词、副词、介词短语、从句等，在文章中应紧跟被修饰成分。在英语中，同
一修饰语至于不同的位置，句子的含义可能不同。例如:
She put the scarf around her neck that she bought yesterday.
从句that she bought yesterday 放在her neck后，让人误以为是修饰her neck。
She put around her neck the scarf that she bought yesterday.
2) 悬垂修饰语
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语所修饰的成分没有明确指出，造成句子逻辑关系的混乱。例如:
To do well in college, high marks are essential.
句首To do well in college的逻辑主语含糊不清，显然不应该是high marks，应该改为人作主
语。
To do well in college, a student needs high marks.
6. 中式英语
考生作文中经常出现英语汉化的现象，即中式英语的问题。比如Man is iron, and food is steel, Women are half side sky 等说法。如何克服中式思维带来的影响，关键在于动笔前先思考一下类似的
英文句式，尽量找到规范的英语表达方式，不能随心所欲。例如:
This is because fake commodities can make a lot of money.
中文口语中，我们用“假货可以赚很多”来表达“通过生产或销售假货，人们可以赚很多钱”的意
思。但这不符合英语的表达习惯，fake commodities 作make a lot of money 的逻辑主语，会让人难
以理解。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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This is because one is likely to make a lot of money by producing or seeling fake
commodities.
四)遣词用字
1. 拼写错误
有的考生受以前做客观题的影响，对于词汇，只注意“识别”，不注意“使用”，背单词时不留心，
结果在考试中出现很多拼写错误。下面是一些考生常犯的拼写错误和容易混淆的单词。 Enviroment(environment 环境) goverment(government政府)
Morden(modern 现代的)
{considerate 关心的，考虑周到的 considerable 相当大的，相当多的} {credible 可信的 credulous 轻信的}
{economic (有关)经济的 economical 节俭的，经济的}
{historic 有历史意义的 historical(有关)历史的}
{industrious 刻苦的，努力的 industrial 工业的}
{satisfied 满意的 satistacrory 令人满意的}
{sensible 合理的 sensitive 敏感的}
{continual 持续的(有间隔) continuous 持续的(没有间隔)}
{delighted 感到高兴的 delightful 使人高兴的}
{ farther 更远(表示距离) further更，进一步(表示程度)}
{ imaginary 想象的 imaginative 想象力丰富的 imaginable 可以想象的} { respectful 尊敬(人)的 respectable 受人尊敬的 respective各自的} {tired 疲倦的 tiresome 令人疲倦的
2. 代词使用错误
考生的作文中经常会出现先行词与代词在数上不一致、代词指代不清以及随意更换代词等错误。 1)先行词与代词在数上不一致
例如: We’re going to face a lot of difficulties, but I believe we’ll overcome it. 先行词difficulties是复数，后半句overcome的宾语是difficulties，应该用复数them来指代。 We’re going to face a lot of difficulties, but I believe we’ll overcome them. 2) 代词指代不清
代词指代不清是指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或前后使用的代词不一致。 例如:Mary was friendly to my my sister becarse she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
读完这句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代
词所指的对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。
Mary was friendly to my my sister becarse she wanted my sisterto be her bridesmaid.
3) 随意更换代词
一篇文章中不能出现太多的人称代词。很多学生在写作文时，随着思路的转换，不断更换文章中的
代词，一会用第一人称，一会用第二人称或第三人称，这样容易造成逻辑意义上的混乱。 例如:And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
人称代词we和反身代词yourself前后不一致。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in102
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
We can also know the society by serving it ourselves
3.其他错误
1)大小写错误
一般来说，每一句的首字母应该大写，人名、地名的首字母和专有名词的首字母应大写，书名不能
用引号或书名号，而用斜体。
1)冠词用法错误 如:a easy job an easy job
2)比较级使用错误 如: more better than better than
3)介词搭配错误 The stamps I have are identical for my brother’s.
The stamps I have are identical with my brother’s.
四、如何灵活变换句式、瞄准用词亮点，突破高分
灵活变换长句短句、主动被动、强调倒装等给类句式、巧妙运用限定词语、动态名词、抽象名词等
亮点词语可为作文锦上添花，为考试博得高分。
一) 组句技巧
1( 句子应紧凑连贯
在写作中可以通过关联词语一道从句或并列句来体现句子的内部关系，也可适当使用粉刺结构和一
些独立的短语或是插入与成分来代替从此，此外，句子之间还要注意指代、时态、语态、人称和数等方
面的一致。
如:原句: teenagers are pressured by school work and they are also encouraged by their peers, and under these, they resrot to smoking, and sometimes they feel a little guilty. 优化:Pressured by school word and encouraged by theri peers, teenagers often resort to smoking,
though they feel a little guilty sometimes.
2. 句式要有变化
句式的变化会使文章内容丰富、语言生动，如主动句和被动句的搭配使用、适当穿插倒装句和强调
句等特殊句式。加入插入语，非谓语动词，谚语格言等都是制造亮点句式的好方法。另外，不要一味地
使用常见的“主语+谓语”的开头方式，可以适当搭配一分词、副词等开头的句式。如:
原句:They say that people obtain most of their knowledge through reading extensively.
优化:They say that it is through reading extensively that people obtain most of their knowledge.
3. 句子表达要简洁
只要意思表达清楚，多余的词语就没有必要。有时考生未来凑字数，加上了一些不必要的成分，导
致语义含混不清，啰嗦冗长。如:
原句: I think Gone with the Wind is one of those good films which I enjoyed watching very much.
优化: Gone with the wind is a film I enjoyed very much.
4.长短句要结合
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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在写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，要将简单句和带有衔接词的复杂句交替使用，这样才能使文章句式丰富，富有节奏感。
5.少用问句，尽量不用感叹句和祈使句
有些考生喜欢开篇问一连串的问题，想以此引起阅卷老师的注意。一般来说，一篇作文中偶尔出现1-2个问句，太多会使得其反。
感叹句和祈使句多用于口语之中，不太适宜在四级的书面写作中出现。尽管在抒发感情和发出呼吁时也可使用，但多数考生对这两种句式的把握能力不够，因此建议考生尽量不要使用。
二) 用词原则
1. 用词要简洁
能一个词表达清楚的意思，就不要加上多余的成分，另外还要注意不要造成意义上的重复累赘。如:
原句:What you have done is illegal under the law.
优化:What you have done is illegal.
2. 用词要多样
注意不要一味地重复使用某个词汇，可适当转换程同义词或短语。也不要一味地使用同一种词性，要学会使用不同的词性。
3. 多用朴素、易懂的词
太多生僻或华丽的辞藻很容易使阅卷老师困惑，起到负面作用。学生本身也容易使用不当。
4. 多用具体的词
如果词的概括性太强，往往让人觉得抽象、笼统，会给人模糊不清的感觉 ，词义比较具体的词会使表达更加准确生动。
5. 注意使用限定词
在写作时适当使用限定词来修饰可以使论述更加客观、适度，避免观点的绝对化。如:
原句:In general, young people weem more prone job-hopping.
优化: Nowadays the increasingly severe employment situation is perhaps the biggest
challenge facing college students.
五、各类作文结构
四级作文主要涉及两个方面:一是与学生学习、生活相关的话题;二是与人们生活息息相关以及有关社会发展变化的热点话题。从体裁来看，四级作文主要以议论文和说明文为主，主要包括图表阐释类、说明现象类、对策方法类、对比分析类和观点论证类，叙事类和应用文。
1. 图表阐释类作文结构
图表阐释类作文一般需要考生描述图表或图画中的数据或画面，解释这些数据或画面反映出的裱花、现象或问题，并对其产生的原因、影响或存在的问题进行分析说明。例:
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your
composition on the chart and the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 对表格内容进行描述
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in104
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Yangshuo New Start English College 2. 说明出现这种现象的原因
3. 你的观点
下图为2007年福布斯中国名人榜部分收入排名
姓名 姚明 刘翔 巩俐 刘嘉玲 胡军 余华 职业 运动员 运动员 演员 演员 演员 作家 排名 1 4 5 8 9 96
结构公式陈列
第一段 概述图表 第一段 概述图表 1.From the chart/graph/table/picture,we 1. 主题句:概括图表所反映的总体现象、变化或clearly learn that总述现象、变化或问题。2.问题。
图表中初期的数据或情况。3.However, 图表中数2. 扩展句一:概述图表中显示的初期的数据或情据或情况的变化。 况
3. 扩展句三:概述图表中数据或情况的变化
第二段 说明原因 第二段 说明原因 4.The following reasons can account for现象、4. 主题句:引出下文对原因的说明。 变化或问题。5.First of all/ To begin with,第5. 扩展句一:说明第一点原因。 一点原因。6. What is more/Moreover,第二点原6. 扩展句二:说明第二点原因。 因。7.In addition/Besides第三点原因。 7. 扩展句三:说明第三点原因。 第三段 说明影响、问题或表达观点 第三段 说明影响、问题或表达观点 8.From my point of view/As for me, “我“的8. 主题句:“我”的思考或看法。 思考或看法。9.可能的影响、问题或注意事项一。9. 扩展句一:第一点影响、问题或注意事项 10.Besides，可能的影响、问题或注意事项。11. 10. 扩展句二:第二点影响、问题或注意事项 Therefore/To conclude,作出总结。 11. 结尾句:经常是提出建议或作出展望。
参考范文
DoAthletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries? 点评
From the chart above we can see that athletes and entertainers earn much 这是一篇图表作文题。文章more than writers. Yao Ming, as the most famous basketball star, is the rechest 第一段描述表格，得出结论:while the famous writerYu Hua has lagged far behind. 体育、娱乐明星收入远远超
The major reason for this phenomenon is that athletes and entertainers 过作家。 get more attention from the public than the writers, and by taking advantages 第二段具体分析了产生这种of their fames they can earn money through ads very easily. As we know, 现象的原因。注意The writers cannot be more popular than sports or movie stars. reason for sth. Is that 结
Mayve some people think that this is unfair, for in their opinion, scholars 构，用来陈述原因。 development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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should earn more than stars. But I don’t think so. First, the stars’ salary is just 第三段进行总结，说明明星an indication of their hard work and fierce competition; and what’s more, the 获得高收入的原因，指出他stars’ splendid career is rather short and many of them have to retire even 们对此当之无愧。 before theri thirties. Finally, the stars bring us so much pleasure and fun, and 注意连接词First, release us form stressful life. To sum up, they indeed deserve what they have what’more,Finally,To got. sum up的使用，使得文章结
构更加紧凑，行文流畅。
2. 说明现象类作文结构
说明现象类作文一般是需要考生描述所给提纲中反映出的现象的总体情况，对该现象的原因、相关因素或影响进行解释说明，并分析该现象中可能存在的问题或将来的发展趋势。 例:Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of The Celevration of Western Festivals. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition
on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日。
2. 产生这种现象的原因。
3. 这种现象可能带来的影响。
结构公式陈列
第一段 描述现象 第一段 描述现象
1. nowadays/In recent years, 概述现象。2. 现象表1. 主题句:概括指出现象
现。3.In addition/Also, 进一步描述现象表现或变2. 扩展句一:现象的具体表现或变化 化。 3. 扩展句二:进一步说明现象的表现或变化
第二段 说明原因 第二段说明原因
4. Many different reasons contribute to 该现象。4. 主题句:引出下文对原因的说明。 /There are many different factors决定该现象。5. 5. 扩展句一:说明第一点原因 Among them, 第一点原因或因素play/plays a 6. 扩展句二:说明第二点原因 critical role. 6. Moreover,第二点原因或因素。7. 7. 扩展句三:说明第三点原因 Besides, 第三点原因或因素 或说明影响
或说明影响 1.主题句:引出下文对影响的说明 4. 该现象has brought great influence on影响对象。2. 扩展句一:说明第一点影响 5. firstly，第一点影响。6.secondly，第二点影响。3. 扩展句二:说明第二点影响 7. Finally，第三点影响。 4. 扩展句三:说明第三点影响 第二段 总结评述 第三段 总结评述
8. In my opinion/As for me, 本人对现象的总结或述5. 主题句:可能现象的发展趋势或利或弊评述，评。9.具体作出评述.10 进一步作出评述.11. 作出或是本人对现象的看法。 总结。 6. 扩展句一:具体评述
7. 扩展句二:进一步评述
8. 结尾句:总结全文(有时可以略去
参考范文
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in106
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Yangshuo New Start English College
点评 In recent years many Chinese people like to celebrate western festivals. Even some yongsters are paying (1?)as great attention to (1) 意为“或...一样”，同Christmas (1?)as our Spring Festival.(2?) In addition, other 级比较
(2) 衔接词语使文章条例western festivals, like April Fool’s day and Valentine’s Day, are very
清晰、意思连贯。 popular among Chinese people.
(3)Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon. Among them, (3) 益处原因重用句式
(4) Which引导非限制性relaxing and comfortable atmosphere from western festivals plays a
critical role.(2?) Moreover, more and more Chinese people begin to 定于从句。 learn English,(4) which provides them with more chances(5) to be (5) 意为“暴露于”。 exposed to western culture and festivals. (2?)Besides, many (6) 用于引出个人观点。
(7) 意为“带来负面影响” businessmen desperately try to boost the atmosphere of foreign
(8) 意为“在某种程度上 festivals to attract more customers.
(6)As far as I am concerned, our paying too much attention to (9) 意为“不是......而western festibals will(7) bring some side effects. The popularity of 是.....”，连接并列结western festivals(8) to some extent has influence our traditions. (2构。
?)Therefore, I suggest that people should(9?) not(10) be (10) 意为“过分沉浸在...immersed too much in the western festivals (9?)but ignore Chinese 中”。 traditional festivals.
3. 对策方法类作文结构
对策方法类作文一般需要考生描述提纲中所反映的问题，说明问题的危害和解决问题的必要性，然后针对该问题提出应对策略或解决方法。
例:Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of Getting to Know the World outside the Campus. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your
composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 大学生了解社会的必要性。
2. 了解社会的途径(大众传媒、社会服务等).
3. 你打算怎么做。
结构公式陈列
第一段 提出问题 第一段 提出问题 1.提出问题。2.问题的重要性或危害性。1. 主题句:概括提出问题。
3.Besides/additionally,进一步阐述问题的重要2. 扩展句一:指出问题的严重性或危害性。 性或危害。4.Therefor/No doubt, it is very 3. 扩展句二:进一步阐述问题的重要性或危害性。 important/necessary/urgent for问题涉及的对象4. 结尾句:承上启下，表达解决问题的必要性，to learn how to解决该问题 引出解决方法。
第二段 说明方法 第二段 说明方法 5.The following ways are effective in解决问5. 主题句:引出问题的解决方法或决定因素。 题。/There are many ways which can be adopted 6. 扩展句一:说明第一点解决方法。 to 解决问题。/The following factors play an 7. 扩展句二:说明第二点解决方法。 important role in解决问题。6.Firstly, 第一点8. 扩展句三:说明第三点解决方法。 development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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方法。7.Secondly,第二点方法。8. Finally,第三
点方法。
第三段 总结评述 第三段 总结评述 9.As far as I am concerned/As for me,本人的9. 主题句:引出本人对该问题或解决方法的观点观点或选择10.具体观点或选择依据。11.To 或选择。
conclude/Therefore,总结或建议。 10. 扩展句:具体阐述观点或选择依据。
11. 结尾句:作出总结或提出建议。
参考范文
Getting to Know th World outside the Campus 点评
It (1) is of great significance for a college student to know the (1)“be of+n.”相当于”be+adj.”。 world outside the campus. In this (2)fast-developing “Information (2)符合形容词做定语，意为“迅速Age”, college students must(3) keep pace with the progress of the 发展的”
world.(4?) Additionally, by contacting the off-campus world, (3)意为“跟上” college students can have chance to more practical skills.(4 (4)衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思?)Therefore,(5) how to know the world outside the campus (6)is 连贯。
worth our attention. (5)“疑问词+不定式”结构充当主语。
Many ways can be adopted by our college students to (6)be worth sth./doing sth.意为increase our knowledge of the world.(4?) Firstly, mass media, “值得......”。 such as radios, televisions, newspapers and the Internet, are a good 7(Which在定语从句中充当介词宾语。 choice,(7)by which we can (8)be well informed about what is (8)inform是及物动词，一味“通知，happening. (4?)Secondly, providing volunteer services is an 告知”，经常用作被动结构“be informed efficiently way to contact and know the society.(4?)Thirdly, we about/of”.
can take part-time jobs to increase our practical experience. (9) 同级比较结构。
(4?)As for me, I wll try jto create and grasp more chances to (10)连接并列结构，意为“不是......contact the society. In my opinion, getting to know the off-campus 而是“。
world is (9?)as important(9?) as improving academic (11)意为“将自己局限于”。 performance.(4?) Therefore, I suggest every college student
should(10?) not(11) confine himself to the campus(10?) but
often go outside.
4. 对比分析类作文结构
对比分析类作文主要有两种:一种是需要考生对比阐述两种观点或做法及各自的理由，人后表明自己的观点或做法并说明理由;另一种是需要考生对比阐述某事物的利和弊、好处和坏处或优点和缺点，继而表明自己的看法或态度。下面的结构公式是针对第一种类型来讲解，至于第二种类型，考生只需要在掌握第一种类型结构的基础上进行适当变形即可。
例:Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your
composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 有人做好事期望得到回报。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in108
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Yangshuo New Start English College 2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报。
3. 你的观点。
结构公式陈列
1. 观点或选择A 第一段 观点或选择A
1.简述要讨论的主题，引出对其的的不同观点或选1. 主题句:提出要讨论的主题，引出两种不同的择/When it comes to 谈论主题，there is no 观点或选择。
complete agreement among people.2. Some people 2. 扩展句一:指出一种观点或选择。 think/prefer to/choose观点或选择A。3.观点或3. 扩展句二:阐述该种观点或选择的第一点理由。 选择的第一点理由。4.观点或选择的第二点理由。 4. 扩展句二:阐述该种观点或选择的第二点理由。
2. 观点或选择B 第二段 观点或选择B
5.However, there are many others who观点或选5. 主题句:转折出另一种观点或选择。 择B。6.In their opinions/They maintain/they 6. 扩展句二:阐述该种观点或选择的第一点理由。 point out观点或选择B的第一点理由。7.Besides，7. 扩展句二:阐述该种观点或选择的第二点理由。 观点或选择的第二点理由。
第三段“我”的观点或选择 第三段“我”的观点或选择 8. As for me, I agree“我”的观点或选择。8. 主题句:综合两种观点或选择，表明“我”的
/Weighing up these two arguments/choices, 观点或选择。
“我”的观点或选择。 9. 扩展句一:阐述“我”的第一点理由。 9. “我”的第一点理由。10.“我”的第二点理由。10. 扩展句二:阐述“我”的第二点理由。
11.Therefore/To conclude,作出选择 11. 结尾句:经常是提出建议或作出展望。
参考范文
Nowadays, (1)different people hold different views 点评 about whether or not one should expect a reward when doing a (1)用于引出对某事物的不同观点。 good deed. Some people think that a good deed should be (2)衔接词语使文章条例清晰、意思连贯。 given a certain reward. They say it is agreeable with the rule (3)转折出另一种观点。 of fairness. (2?)Also, rewards can stimulate people’s (4)意为“不期望任何火爆”，介词短语enthusiasm to to good deeds. 充当状语，注意此处without的用法。
(3)However, there are many others who take Leifeng as (5)意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。 a model and be always ready to help others without expecting (6)插入语。
any reward. Everyone may be in trouble.(5)Only if you help (7)which引导非限制性定于从句。 othres unselfishly, you can get others’ help when you nedd it. (8)用于引出个人观点，weigh up意为“权(2?)Besides, they maintain that one can enjoy happiness in 衡”。
doing good deeds, (6)they think, (7)which is the best return. (9)“be of +n.”相当于“be+adj.”。
(8)Weighing up these tow arguments, I prefer the (10)固定句式:It is...for sb.+to do
second one. (2?)First, being happy to help others is one of sth.其中it是形式主语，不定式短语是实Chinese people’s traditional virtues.(2?) Second, this virtue际的主语。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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(9) is of more significance for the creation of a harmonious society. (2?)To conclude, (10?)it is every citizen’s
responsibility(10?)to do good deeds without expecting any reward.
5. 论证观点型作文结构
论证观点类作文一般需要考生按照提高要求提出论点，通过举例等方式论证观点，最后再对论点进行总结。
例:Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in
Chinese) below:
1. 为什么说“欲速则不达”,
2. 试举例说明。
结构公式陈列
第一段 提出观点 第一段 提出观点 1. 通过背景描写益处论点或直接提出论点。2.论点1. 主题句:提出观点
中的道理或正确性表现。3.Besides/In addition,进一2. 扩展句一:阐述论点中蕴涵的道理或正确性表步阐述论点中的道理或正确性表现。/The truth of it 现。
3. 扩展句二:进一步阐述论点中蕴涵的道理或正is deep and profound./The truth of it is self-evident.
确性表现，或是强调论点的正确性。
第二段 列举论据 第二段 列举论据
4. 主题句:引出论据，开始论证观点。 4.There are numerous examples supporting this
5. 扩展句一:列举第一个例子 argument./Many remarkable examples contribute to this argument.5.A case in point is 第一个例子。6. 进6. 扩展句二:进一步说明例一 一步说明例一。7.For another example, 第二个例子。7. 扩展句三:列举第二个例子 8.进一步说明例二。 8. 扩展句四:进一步说明例二
第三段 总结观点 第三段 总结观点
9. 主题句:承接上文，重申观点。 9.All the above-mentioned tell us that/It is no doubt
10. 扩展句:提出建议或指出正确的做法或态度，that/Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that 重申观点。10.提出建呼应论点。
议或指出注意事项。11.To conclude/Therefore,总结
全文，呼应论点。
参考范文
Haste Makes Waste 点评
The Proverb “Haste makes waste”has been widely accepted for (1) 意为“脚踏实地”。 many years. It reminds us that if we are to achieve our final goal we (2) 意为“其中蕴涵着深远的have to do it in a (1)down-to-earth way. (2)The truth of it is deep 道理” and profound. (3) 用于引出例证。
(3)There are numerous exmaples suppoorting this argument. (4) 意为“典型的例子”。 (4)A case in point is the ancient Chinese story of (5)“Helping the (5) 引用“拔苗助长”的故事 shoots grow by pulling”. This story proved that the haste caused not (6) 用于引出另外的例子
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in110
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Yangshuo New Start English College only waste but great loss. (6)For another example, some parents (7) 插入语 and teachers,(7?) in order to improve children’s academic (8) 意为“只是，仅仅”。 performance in a short time, tend to put too heavy burden on (9) 常用于得出结论 children. This, (7?) as a result, brings the children(8) nothing (10) 意为“急于求成”。 but great pressure. (11) 意为“发展规律”。
(9)All the above-mentioned tells us that we shouldn’t(10) (12) 引导让步状语从句，意为be over anxious for quick results. Everything has its own (11)“无论什么”。 developing law. Therefore, (12)whatever we do, we should not pay
too much attention to the speed and ignore these laws.
6. 叙事类作文结构
四级写作中设计的叙事类作文一般是要求考生叙述一个时间发生的经过，如车祸、生病或一次难忘的经历，然后谈谈自己的感受或得到的启示。
例:Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic pickpocketing. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese)
below:
1. 描述一下你在公共场所亲眼目睹的扒窃事件。
2. 谴责这种犯罪行为
3. 在构建和谐社会的进程中，人人都应该有正义感。
结构公式陈列
第一段 交代时间背景、 第一段 交代事件背景 1.引出时间背景。2.进一步描述背景情况或概述事1. 主题句:总数时间发生的背景。 件的特点。3.有背景引出具体时间或说明事件的重2. 扩展句一:进一步描述背景情况或概述事件的要性。 特点。
3. 扩展句二:有背景引出具体事件或说明事件带
来的重要性。
第二段 叙述事情经过 第二段 叙述事件的经过 4. Now I still remember clearly引出事件/There is 4. 主题句:概括引出要讲述的事件。 one thing that is still vivid in my mind until now.5.事5. 扩展句一:交代事件发生的事件和当时的情况。 件发生的事件和当时的情形。6.接下来的情况.7. 进6. 扩展句二:描述接下来的情况。 一步发展。8.As a result/However,事件结果。 7. 扩展句三:描述事件的进一步发展。
8. 结尾句:说明事件的结果或影响。
第三段 谈个人感受 第三段 谈谈个人感受 10. Every time I recall该事件，“我”的感受或得9. 主题句:“我”由这件事而发的感受或得到的
到的启示。/该事件left me in deep thought/gave 启示。
me a significant lesson.10.第一点感受。11 10. 扩展句一:“我”的第一点感受。 11. 第二点感受。 11. 扩展句二:“我”的第二点感受 根据所给提纲的不同，考生要灵活运用结构公式，不能生搬硬套。
参考范文
点评 Pickpocketing
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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描述一次亲眼目睹的事实，一次引出全Yesterday, I witnessed a theft incident on my way
文的主题。Witness用词准确。Brush此处为home. While waiting for a bus, a woman took her wallet out
动词，说明小偷推挤的动作想说子拂过般既and paid for a newspaper at a nearby newspaper booth,.
轻又快，描述生动形象。含有讽刺意味的After putting her wallet back into her handbag she began to
Swiftly与句中的动词brush呼应，自然承接前look through the new titles when a middle-aged man
一句。 brushed past her muttering “Excuse me”. Swiftly, her wallet
was in the man’s hand.
指出扒窃行为的危害，crazy，National The crazy pickpocketing has become a national
epidemic和poses a grave threat to等词表现出epidemic and poses a grave threat to the residents’ and
此危害的严重性。Tough和句中的比喻social visitors’ property safety. Pickpocketing prevention, which is
cancer意在谴责此类卑劣行径。 a tough task for police, makes senses. All sides involved in
最后两句话呼吁大家携手努力，消除扒this problem must join their efforts to remove this social
窃，共建和谐社会，点明文章主题。 cancer.
Everyone shares the huge responsibility for
demonstrating their justice at proper time. Personal
responsibility is vital to build a harmonious society.
7. 应用文类作文结构
四级写作目前考过的应用类作文包括:建议信、投诉信、竞选演说词、景点介绍和海报，另外，拒
绝信、求职信、申请信、祝贺信、倡议书等校园生活中常涉及的应用文体也在大纲的考察非为内。下面
列举10种易考的应用类作文结构:
1) 建议信结构公式
右上角:日期
左上角:称呼
正文:第一段:交代建议针对的背景时间，说明写信的目的;针对该事件提出建议，引出对建议的
具体阐述。
第二段:具体阐述自己的建议并说明理由。
第三段:表达良好的祝愿和期望。
右下脚:署名
范文: A Letter to a Schoolmate
June 20,2001 Dear Xiao Wang,
I am very glad to learn that you will visit me soon. Her I am writing to give you my advice about
the arrangement fo your coming holiday in Hangzhou.
In my opinion, West Lake should certainly be your first destination since it is such a famous and
beartiful place. Then, I suggest you go to Lingyin Temple, Luhe Tower and Yuewang Shrine. Besides, i
fyou have time, Qiandao Lake is also a good site you could not miss. Of course, besides visiting the
interet of places, you should taste the local flavor snacks of Hangzhou, like small steamed buns and West
Lake Vinegared fish. Finally, I must remind you that you should not leave your belingings unattended
since there are so many people on the train and at the railway station.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in112
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I am susre you will enjoy your visit in Hangzhou. If you have any questions or requirements, do not hesitate to tell me. I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Truly yours
Wang Fang
2) 投诉信结构公式
右上角:日期
左上角:称呼
正文:第一段:表明自己的身份，写信的目的，因何事投诉何人或机构。
第二段:具体阐述投诉的内容和投诉的理由。
第三段:提出解决建议并期望尽快解决，表示感谢。
右下脚:署名
范文: A letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus
Dec.20,2002
Dear President,
My name is Li Ming. I am a junior form the Civil Engineering School. I venture to write you a letter to make a complaint about the canteen service or your school.
The focus of the complaint if the poor quality and high price of the food. On on hand, the rice is very hard, the steam bread is often cold, and the vegetables are always overcooked. On the ohter hand, the price of the food is so high that many poor students ar eburdened heavily. Under these circumstances, I find it impossible for us studnes to fully concentrate on the study and enjoy the campus life.
I will be very obliged if you can consider my compliant seriously, I do hope the service of the canteen will be much improved as soon as possible. Thank you for your time and kind consideration.
Sinceerely yours,
Li Ming
3)拒绝信结构公式
右上角:日期
左上角:称呼
正文:第一段:交代写信目的，委婉表达自己对邀请、请求等的拒绝，并向对方表示谢意。
第二段:具体阐述拒绝对方的理由。
第三段:希望不会给对方带来不便，向对方表示抱歉和祝愿。
右下脚:署名
范文:A Letter Declining a Job Offer
Jan.12,2008
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am very sorry to tell you that I have to decline your job offer. To be honest, it would be a very good chance for me to work in your company. However, the current situation doesn’t allow me to do this.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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This has been a difficult decision for me, but I have to do this. On on hand, I have accepted anoter job offer before you informed me your decision, which is more in line with my skills and career goals. On the other hand, two hours’ commute to your building is really a burden on me. On account of all these, you can understand why I could not accept your offer.
I hope this does not cause you too much inconvenience. Anyway, I do appreciate your kindness to discuss the details of the position with me and give me time to consider your offer. Meanwhile, I widh that your company would find a more suitable talent as soon as possible.
Sincerely yours
Jane
4)求职信结构公式
右上角:日期
左上角:称呼
正文:第一段:交代写信目的，申请某职位，说明获得招聘信息的来源，表达申请职位的愿望。
第二段:介绍自己的学习经历、能力和特长，证明自己能够胜任工作。
第三段:感谢对方抽出时间和经历，随信附有自己的简历，并愿意提供进一步的信息，希
望等到面试的机会。
右下脚:署名
范文:A Job Application Letter
June 20, 2003
To whom it may concern,
I am writing to apply for the post of engineer advertised in China Daily, I believe my qualifications are ideal match of your requirements.
I will graduate on July 1 of this year form Dongbei University. My major in mechanical engineering and my training in this aspect definitely meet your requirements. In addition to learning the the required couses, I have also accepted training in Professional Training Program at spare time. What’s more, I have
been an intern student in several companies related to my major, which provided me a great deal of experience in computer applecations. I believe my training and experience will enable me to perform better than other candidates who are lack of working experience.
I would appreciate your time in reviewing my enclosed resume and if there is any additiongal information your require, please contact me. I will be very grateful if you can give me a personal interview at your convenience.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
5)邀请信结构公式
右上角:日期
左上角:称呼
正文:第一段:交代写信目的，邀请某人参加某项活动，说明活动的时间和地点，正式向对方那个
发出邀请。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in114
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第二段:介绍事件的具体安排和对方接受邀请的必要性。
第三段:希望对方能够接受邀请，期望对方的尽快答复。
右下脚:署名
范文: An Invitation Letter
June 15, 2008
Dear Li Liang,
thThis June 30 I am going to graduate, so I am going to hold a party on Saturday evening in my house. It would be pleasant to have you here.
So interesting will the party be that you can’t afford to miss it. For one thing, we can have a big meal, sing the popular songs and play games. For another, it also provides a good opportunity for you to meet many friends that you haven’t seen for a long time.
What an important thing it si to get your participation! First, you are my best friend and bring home to me many things. Second, we haven’t seen each other for quite a long time and I am eager to see you. The party would not be complete without you!
The party will begin at 7:30p.m. Is it possible for us to see you at 7:00 on Saturday evening in my house> I do hope you can come.
Sincerely yours,
Sun Li
6) 道歉信结构公式
右上角:日期
左上角:称呼
正文:第一段:交代写信目的，因某事想某人道歉，恳请对方接受自己的歉意。
第二段:向对方解释导致自己所犯过失或错误的原因。
第三段:希望能够得到对方的理解和原谅，希望有机会不久，并提出不久措施。
右下脚:署名
范文: An apology Letter
Jan.24, 2009
Dear Mary,
I am excessively sorry for my absence yesterday when you come to see me during your trip. Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret. Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude.
I hope you will understan me and excuse me for my absence. The reason for my absence was that I had an engagement with some friends and, ignorant of your visit, accompanied them to the cinema. Besides, not until 9 o’clock in the evening did I come back. Therefore, it is not in my power to arrange time to meet you.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Naturally, I hope you won’t leave the city this week so that I can call on you. I shall be obliged if
you will kindly tell me when and where you are at convenient. In that case I can take you to some places
that may interest you. I hope to see you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
7)倡议书结构公式
右上角:日期
左上角:称呼
正文:第一段:交代写信目的，倡议的人群和倡议的主题。
第二段:介绍倡议针对对象的具体情况和倡议的具体内容(如捐钱、捐物)。
第三段:提供联系方式，再次发出倡议，呼吁大家参与，并表示感谢。
右下脚:署名
范文: Your Help Needed
Nov.15,2008
Dear fellow students,
I am writing this letter to call on all the students in our university to do something for Li Ping, one of our schoolmates, who is suffering from the serious disease.
As some of you may know, Li Ping is one of the freshmen the English Department. She is longing for the bright future like you and me . Unfortunately, last month, she was struck by Lerkemia. Now she is hospitalized and in a serious condition. What is worse, Li Ping comes from a poor village family and it si impossible for her family to raise such a large sum of money in such pressing time.
As you see, now Li Ping is in great nedd of fanancial aid and daily caring. So it is high time for you to extend your helping hands to her. If you would like to provide your love and care to Li Ping, especially in the form of donation, please call at 12345678 or 23456789 at any time.
Thank you!
Sinerely yours,
The Student Union
8) 海报结构公式
标题:活动主题或直接用poster
正文:第一段:概括引出活动，交代活动主办单位、活动的时间和地点。
第二段:阐述活动的主要目的和具体安排。
第三段:说明参加活动的条件和方式，交代联系或咨询方式，呼吁大家踊跃参与。
右下角:落款写主办单位名称。
范文:Volunteers Needed
The Student Union of our university will orgaize a bolunteer activity to the rural areas during the summer holidays. No we are recruiting the volunteers.
This activity aims to help the children in rural areas improve their computer and Englsih level, and meanwhile provide a platform for our college students to show and prove abilities. It is planed to begin on
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in116
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
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thJuly 5 and last 10 days. The volunteers will be assigned ato different country primary schools to teach children how to use the computer and how to learn English well.
Any student who is good at English and computer is warmly welcomed. Those interested are expected
stto come to the office of the Studnet Union to fill in an application form before July 1. Please call62511123
for further information. We are looking forward to your active participation.
The Students’ Union
9)竞选演说词结构公式
左上角:称呼
正文:第一段:表达自己的喜悦和荣幸之情～简要介绍自己～表明自己要竞选职位。
第二段:说明自己具备的条件和优势～证明自己能够胜任。
第三段:承诺当选后会采取哪些措施～表明自己的决心～左后想听众表达祝愿和感谢。
范文: A Campaign Speech
Ladies and gentlemen,
I am Wang Lin from the Computer Science Department, and I am honored to stand heere to give my speech. I will show you that I am the best candidate to the post of Chairman of the Students? union.
I have gained a lot of experience and received wide praise from my classmates for my job as the monitor. Moreover, I am warm-hearted and always ready to help others. Besides, I am good at organizing activities and have experience in holding contests and sports meetings.
Looking into the future, I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the president of the Students? Union. On one hand, I will organize more
activities to color our campus life. On the other hand, I?ll reform the Student Union,
changing it from a problem-solbing one into a service-providing one. And more channels will be opened for our students to boice opinions and needs.
I, Wang Lin, am worth your trust. Don?t hesitate to vote for me. Thank you!
10,景点介绍机构公式
左上角: 称呼
正文:第一段:向大家表示欢迎～简要介绍自己的身份和任务～并表达自己的喜悦和荣幸
之情。
第二段:具体介绍景点的内容和特点以及具体的行程安排。
第三段:提醒相关注意事项～并表示如有疑问欢迎咨询。祝愿大家玩得愉快～感谢
大家的倾听。
范文: A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to China and thank you for your trusting our travel agency. I am Lisa. It?s
my pleasure to be your guide.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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The following is the schedule of the day. In the morning, the first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. Then I will take you to the Ming Tombs, which is oen of the best-preserved tombs in China and the last home for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty. In the afternoon, we will go to the Summer Place, the royal park for ancient Chinese emperors. That?s the end of our visiting of today.
By the way, please bring a plastic bag with you to hold the rubbish you make so as to protect our environment. If any of you have questions, please feeel free to ask me at any time. I hope that you will enjoy your day. Thank you very much for your attention.
六、段落的展开方法
在确定了各段的主题之后～怎样展开段落成为了写作成败的关键。展开段落的方式格式各样～
但主要有以下几种。
1. 举例法
常见的举例模式:
主题句----example 1 ,--example 2, ----example 3
列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like, thus, take…as an example, to
illustrate a case in point等词语.
2. 列举法
在使用列举法时～考生要注意:一～所列举的各个要点最好按照递增或递减的顺序进行有层
次的排列。二～所列举的要点应该服务于一个中心思想。各要点必须相互独立～相互区别。
列举法常用的连词有:first～ firstly～ in the first place, fist of all, in the biginning, to begin with～to start with～second～third, most of all～ next～moreover～ in addition～
besides～furthermore, last, lastly, finally, eventually, last but not least, for one thing...for another...等。
3. 分类法
把同一主题对系那个划分为各个组成部分～或把众多的观点按照器共性归类～然后在依次展
开各个部分。在分类的时候要注意各类别之间的逻辑关系～分类标准要明确～不要出现重叠现象。
分类法常用的表达有:divide...into, fall into, be calssified , there are...kinds, first, sencond, last, also, again, besides, moreover, what?s more, furthermore, inaddition, most
important, finally 等。
4. 因果分析法
在段落一开头～就用主题句点明其因果关系～然后选用有关材料～客观的罗列某些原因
或结果～以阐述中心思想。 不管是从因到果还是从果到因～基本要求都一样:主题句必须明确～
展开句必须对主题起加强作用。
因果分析法常用表达有: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in～ since, as, for, due to,
owing to, on account of, in view of, contribute to, therefore, so, thus, accordingly, as consequence, in consequence of, as a result, result from等。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in118
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5.比较法
主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围～实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比
较对象的相同点或不同点。在采用比较法时～要注意句子的过渡。
常用语汇:at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity,
similarly, the same as, and… too, in the same way, in a like manner, likewise, as, in
comparison with, by contrast, conversely, defferently, on the contrary, on the other hand,
unlike, but, however, yet, whereas, while等。
6. 叙述法
叙述是指清楚交代所述事件发生的事件、地点、人物、原因等～是一种十分有效的拓展方法。
用于描述事件顺序的常用表达有:soon, then, after a while, toward the end of..., in the past, in the first year/decade等。
用于描述空间顺序的常用表达有:beyond, above, under, nearby, outside, in, between, next to, on the top of, in front of, across, close to, on/from the left/right, ahead of, behind, on,
opposite to, in the south, on either side of等。
常用的句型
开头
Recently, the problem of … has aroused people?s concern.
最近,…问题已引起人们的关注.
Nowadays, _________ has become a problem we have to face.
如今,已成为我们不得不面对的问题了.
It is commonly believed that… / It is a common belief that…
人们一般认为…
Many people insist that…
很多人坚持认为…
With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…
随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为…
A lot of people seem to think that…
很多人似乎认为…
引出不同观点:
People?s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… . However, others
believe that….
人们对…的观点因人而异.有些人认为….. 然而其他人却认为(((
People may have different opinions on… 人们对…可能会有不同的见解.
Attitudes towards _____ vary from person to person.
人们对待….的态度因人而异.
There are different opinions among people as to…
关于…. 人们的观点大不相同.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Different people hold different attitudes toward______.
对…..人们的态度各不相同.
结尾
Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…
把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…
Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…
考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…
Hence/Therefore, we?d better come to the conclusion that…
因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…
There is no doubt that ____ has its drawbacks as well as merits.
毫无疑问,…..有优点也有缺点.
All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways
to cope with the problems that would arise.
总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题. 提出建议:
It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).
该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.
It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …
该是采纳…的建议,并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了.
There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of …
毫无疑问,对…问题应予以足够的重视.
Obviously, If we want to do something…, it is essential that…
显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是…
Only in this way can we… 只有这样, 我们才能…
It must be realized that… 我们必须意识到…
预示后果:
Obviously, if we don?t control the problem, the chances are that… will lead us in danger.
很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.
No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…
毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会…
It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.
很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.
论证:
From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the
second.
在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理.
I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我无法完全同意这一观点….
Personally, I am standing on the side of … 就个人而言,我站在…的一边.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in120
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I sincerely believe that… 我真诚地相信…
In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do….
在我个人看来,做…比做…更明智.
Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why… 给出原因:
This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …
这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, … 第二, … 第三, …
Why did… ? For one thing… For another…. Perhaps the primary reason is…
为什么会…? 一个原因是… 令一个原因是… 或许其主要原因是….
I quite agree with the statement that… the reasons are chiefly as follows.
我十分赞同这一论述,即…,其主要原因如下:
列出解决办法:
Here are some suggestions for handling… 这是如何处理某事的一些建议.
The best way to solve the troubles is… 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…
People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.
人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题.
批判错误观点和做法:
As far as something is concerned, …. 就某事而言,…
It was obvious that… 很显然,….
It may be true that…, but it doesn?t mean that…
可能…是对的,但这并不意味着…
It is natural to believe that… , but we shouldn?t ignore that…
认为….是很自然的,但我们不应忽视….
There is no evidence to suggest that… 没有证据表明…
阐释图表:
As is shown in the graph… 如图所示…
The graph shows that… 图表显示…
As can be seen from the table,… 从表格中可以看出…
From the chart, we know that… 从这张表中,我们可知…
All these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即… The increase of …. In the city has reached to 20%. ….在这个城市的增长已达到20%. In 1985, the number remained the same. 1985年,这个数字保持不变. There was a gradual decline in 1989. 1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况.
第三节 强化训练
1. Rush for Postgraduate Study development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Rush for
Postgraduate Study.. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the table
and the outline (given in Chinese) below:
Year Number of Candidates in X Province
2000 1600
2002 5600
2004 12000
2006 36000
2008 52000
1. 根据上图描述近几年x生报考研究生人数的变化。
2. 说明导致这种变化的原因
3. 你对考研热的看法。
2. Green Food
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Green Food. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 近几年来，“绿色食品”变得越来越流行。
2. 分析这种现象产生的原因。
3. 你对该现象的看法。
3. To Become a Specialist or a Generalist? Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic To Become a Specialist or a Generalist?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the
outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有人认为一个学生应该努力成为一个‚专才?。
2. 然而其他人认为学生应该成为‚通才?才能在现代社会立足。
3. 你的看法......
4. A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan.
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese)
below:
1. 表明写信的目的。
2. 说明申请助学贷款的原因。
3. 保证会合理利用贷款并表明还款的决心。
5. Should Class Attendance be Required? Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Class Attendance be Required?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the
outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 很多大学都实行上课出勤点名制度，大多数人都认为这样做很有必要。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in122
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Yangshuo New Start English College
2. 但也有一些人认为这样做弊大于利。
3. 你如何看待,理由是......
6. Craze in Famous Brands on Campus.
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Craze in Famous Brands on Campus. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline
(given in Chinese) below:
1. 现在很多大学生都热衷于追求名牌。
2. 分析这种现象的原因。
3. 你如何看待该现象。
7. How should College Students Relieve Pressure
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How should College Students Relieve Pressure?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the
outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 当今大学生要面临很多来自不同方面的压力。
2. 大学生缓解压力的方式有那些。
3. 你一般是如何缓解压力的。
8. Punctuality
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Punctuality You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 守时是一项重要的品质。
2. 论证守时的必要性。
9. Sex Education
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Sex Education You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 近几年越来越多的大学正在实施性教育。
2. 加强对大学生性教育的必要性。
3. 你认为大学生应该怎样做,
10. A Food Poisoning Accident
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Food Poisoning Accident. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in
Chinese) below:
你的几个同学因食用了从某超市买回的食品而中毒，幸亏及时治疗二脱险。请描述他(们)中毒与脱险的过程，并呼吁要加强食品安全。
11. Grades can’t Say Everything
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Grades can’t Say
Everything. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in
Chinese) below:
1. 分数并不说明一切。
2. 试举例论证。
12. Man Proposes, God Disposes
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Man Proposes, God
Disposes. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in
Chinese) below:
1. 如何理解“谋事在人，成事在天”这句谚语,
2. 试举例论证其中的道理。
13. A Letter in Reply to a Friend.
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter A Letter in Reply to a Friend. You
should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
你的一位朋友将要参加英语四级考试，希望你给他一些备考建议，信件内容应包括:
1. 就如何准备四级考试提出几点建议。
2. 祝愿朋友考试成功。
14. The Branch Campuses of the Universities
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Branch
Campuses of the Universities You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on
the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 今年来很多大学都在郊区建立了分校。
2. 大学在郊区成立分校的原因有那些,
3. 谈谈你的看法......
15. White Lie.
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic White Lie. You
should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有时候人们会出于善意而对别人说谎，这种谎言被称为“善意的谎言”。
2. 但有些人认为只要说谎就是不对。
3. 你对此的看法是......
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in124
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Yangshuo New Start English College
四级辅导资料错误纠正
出处 页码 原材料或答案 纠正后的材料或答案 大学英语四级辅导资料,蓝皮, 第12页第18小题 Platfomp3 platform 大学英语四级辅导资料,蓝皮, 第13页第23小题 Infomp3 Inform 大学英语四级辅导资料,蓝皮, 第18页第31小题 Perfomp3ance Performance 大学英语四级考试辅导资料第2页18小题录音Platfomp3 platform
,参考答案,,红皮, 原文
大学英语四级考试辅导资料3页Conversation Domp3itory Dormitory
,参考答案,,红皮, Two录音原文
大学英语四级考试辅导资料第5页passage TwoPemp3itting Permitting
,参考答案,,红皮, 录音原文
大学英语四级考试辅导资料第9-10页 Cmp3ped、fmp3e Composed/frame
,参考答案,,红皮, Conversation Two
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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录音原文
大学英语四级考试辅导资料第13页 -14页 Fimp3ly Firmly
,参考答案,,红皮, Section C第42、
45小题
大学英语四级考试辅导资料第14页 Model Fimp3 Firm
,参考答案,,红皮, Test Three～
Section A第11小
题
大学英语四级考试辅导资料第18页第3行 fomp3s Forms
,参考答案,,红皮,
大学英语四级考试辅导资料第22页 第26小题缺答案 应选C～从第一段第四句
,参考答案,,红皮, 可知 大学英语四级考试辅导资料第39页Test4 第6小题无答案 应选A
,参考答案,,红皮,
大学英语四级考试辅导资料第64页快速阅读原稿在分析中最后可能改成N
,参考答案,,红皮, 第4小题答案 笔误写成了NG
大学英语四级考试辅导资料第65页第65小题 原答案为D 改为B
,参考答案,,红皮,
四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第4页第9小题 Thing During 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第6页第26小题 Progmp3s Programs 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第7页第32小题 Hamp3ful Harmful
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in126
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第8页十五选十 倒数第三行lessens lessons 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第12页翻译 not only be Not only to be 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第15页 题号有错～两个1 按顺序改为1-10 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第22页 cloze 第五行an 改为and 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第16页第18小题 Informp3 Information 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第17页第27小题 Pymp3ids Pyramids 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第33页cloze Familiar a a familiar 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第11页cloze 没标题号 顺序为67-86 四级随堂辅导模拟试题,白皮, 第31页第57小题 题目中的1960s 改为1950s 此外～在写作部分～因为手误～有些字母b打成了v.
第一章 听力理解答案和解析
Model test 1
Section A
11. M: Before we play again, I’m going to buy a good tennis racket.
W: Your shoes aren’t in very good shape, either.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【解析】选[C]。女士说好像男士的鞋也坏了。女士的意思是要男士不但要买个好一点的球拍～也该换双鞋了～选项[C]符合题意。
12. M: Have you found a partner to work with on biology? The lab class is tomorrow.
W: To tell you the truth, I’ve been tied up with my chemistry course this week.
Q: What can be inferred about the woman?
【解析】选[B]。女士回答说事实上她这周一直忙着化学呢～即她还没有找到合作对象。[A]和[C]项误解了be tied up with的含义～分别将该短语理解为‚喜欢?和‚厌恶?,[D]项是说太忙而没
有时间学习化学～这与女士所说的‚一直忙着学习化学?相矛盾～注意too...to的表达方式。 13. M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.
W: Certainly, Sir. As soon as I finish typing the letter.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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【解析】选[C]。对话中的copies和typing都是在办公室场景中出现频率非常高的词语。另外～男士的祈使语气和女士对男士的称呼(Sir)有助于判断他们的上下级关系。
14. W: It must be the first time for you to be aboard a warship.
M: Don’t you know that I’ve been in military service in the Navy for years? Q: What can we say about the man?
【解析】选[D]。女士推测这是男士第一次登上军舰～男士用否定疑问句的形式对此予以了否定～说以前他就曾在海军服过兵役。即他之前就登上过军舰～故[D]为答案。
15. W: How did your interview go?
M: I couldn’t feel worse about it. The questions were very fair but I seemed to find no
answers for all of them.
Q: How does the man feel about the interview?
【解析】选[B]。I couldn’t feel worse about it指I feel the worst～这说明男士的面视并不理想～[B]是对他心情的正确描述。比较级用于否定结构可表示‚最…不过?。如Nothing better(那最好不过了)。
16. M: I can’t find my lunch box anywhere.
W: Never mind. I’ll treat you today.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
【解析】选[C]。对话中的关键词是treat‚款待,做东,请客?～男士说找不到自己的饭盒了～女士说没关系～我请你吃饭～选项[C]是女士回话的同义转述。[A]、[B]与对话无关。[D]是借treat一词设臵的干扰项。
17. M: Wasn’t it terrific?
W: Well, the music was enjoyable, but the story didn’t make much sense to me. I still prefer
traditional Drama with strong characters and an exciting plot.
Q: What does the woman think of the play?
【解析】选[C]。对话中男士问女士对戏剧的看法～女士说戏剧的音乐不错～但故事情节没意思～并补充说她喜欢人物塑造力强、情节生动的传统戏剧。由此推知她认为这部戏剧太现代派了～故[C]为答案。
18. W: Where have you been all this time? The train is about to leave! M: Sorry I’m late, but I was waiting for you at the information desk upstairs. It’s lucky I thought to look for you here on the platform.
Q: Where did the man think they were supposed to meet?
【解析】选[D]。根据男士的回答～我一直在楼上信息台那里等你～可知男士认为他们应在信息台见面。所以答案为[D]。
Conversation One
W: Excuse me, are you going to buy that book?
M: Well, I need it for a class but it’s awfully expensive.
W: Oh, we must be in the same class. Introduction to British Literature? M: Yes, that?s the one. Were you there yesterday for the first class?
W: I sure was. Professor Robert really seems to know his subject.
M: Yes, I took his Shakespeare course last semester and it was very good. He likes listening
to his students.
W: That’s a relief. I’m a biology major and I was a little uncertain about taking an English
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in128
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course.
M: I’m an English major and this is a required course. But now I’m in trouble because I’m not sure I can afford this book.
W: Hey, I’ve got an idea. Why don’t we split the cost and share the book?
M: Sounds great. Do you live on campus?
W: Yeah, I live on the 10th floor of Butler Hall.
M: Perfect. I live on the 3rd floor of Butler. We should have no trouble sharing the book. I
can bring it up to your room right after I wrap up the assignment.
W: It’s a deal.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
【解析】选[A]。分析选项发现四个选项均是由表示方位的介宾短语‚in+名词?构成～表明本题考查的是对地点的判断～我们可以根据行为活动和代表性的词语来判断地点。对话一开始女士的buy that book即表明对话发生在书店内。而图书馆一般与借书、还书有关。
20. Which class are the man and the woman taking together?
【解析】选[C]。四个选项的内容在录音中都有提及～关键是听清题目问的是男士和女士一起讨论的是什么课。回忆女士所说的in the same class和Introduction to English Literature以及男士的肯定回答Yes可以得出答案。
21. What does the man think about Professor Robert?
【解析】选[D]。根据[B]、[C]、[D]可以推断He指的是一个老师或者教授。录音中提到了Professor Robert～女士说Professor Robert really seems to know his subject～男士肯定了女士的说法～说Professor Robert的课very good并且喜欢listening to his students～由此可以判断Professor Robert是一个优秀的教授。
Conversation Two
M: You should have seen the line at the housing office. It took me an hour to make my
dormitory deposit for next year. Have you made yours yet?
W: No, I’m not sure I’m going to.
M: There’s not much time left. The deadline’s May 1. That is just two weeks from now. Are
you short of cash?
W: No, I?m Okay.
M: You’d better hurry up if you want a dorm room next September. There aren’t enough rooms for every one, and first year students have priority.
W: Well, I’ve been thinking about living off campus.
M: Have you any idea of how much that would cost? There is the rent, utilities, and you’d probably need a car.
W: I know it would be more expensive. I think I can handle it though. The dorm is just so
noisy that I can’t get anything done. Maybe my grades would be better if I had some peace
and quiet in a place of my own.
M: You should study in the library the way I do. Think of the money you’d save. W: I’ve got to think it over some more. There’s still two weeks left in April. development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. What are the speakers discussing?
【解析】选[B]。对话围绕着交下一年的宿舍押金展开～接着女士说她在考虑搬出校园～由此引发了
两人的讨论～因此整个对话主要是对话双方讨论下一年在哪居住的问题～因此答案选[B]。
23. What must a person do in order to live in a university house?
【解析】选[A]。对话中男士说You’d better hurry up if you want a room next September～而
从前面的对话内容(make my dormitory deposit for next year)可知男士说的hurry up指的是赶紧
去交dormitory deposit～由此可知如果要住学校的房子～就要付一些钱给housing office～故选[A]。
24. Where do the two speakers live now?
【解析】选[A]。从对话最后两人谈到在宿舍学习时的情况和住宿舍可以省钱可以判断两人现在都
住宿舍～只是女士想搬出宿舍住。
25. What does the man seem to be concerned about?
【解析】选[D]。从男士的话Think of the money you’d save可以判断他关心的是money～因此
答案选[D]。[A] Grades是女士关心的问题。[B]和[C]两项对话中未谈及。
Section B
Passage One
When you turn on the radio, you hear an advertisement. When you watch television, you hear and see an advertisement. If you turn the pages of a newspaper or magazine, again you find an advertisement. If you walk down the street, you see one advertising board after another. All day, every day, people who want to sell you something competent to catch your attention. As a result, advertisements are almost everywhere. In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work. The government does not give money to mass media such as TV stations, newspapers, magazines and radio stations. They are all owned privately. So where does the money come from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.
Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of “keeping your name before the public.” And some people thought that advertising was ‚truth
well told.? Now more and more people describe it in this way: Advertising is the paid,
nonpersonal, and usually persuasive description of goods, services and ideas through various media.
All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can do well to them. Advertisements exist everywhere in our lives.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What is the passage mainly about?
【解析】选[D]。这篇材料开篇就提到了广播、电视、报纸上的广告(advertisement)～随后讲了广
告的定义～结尾说广告到处都存在～这表明本篇讲的是广告的繁荣发展～故选项[D]符合题意。
27. What’s the financial source of the privately owned mass media?
【解析】选[C]。选项[C]符合题意～依据是So where does the moneycome from? From
advertisements。
28. According to the passage, what is one of the features of advertisements?
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in130
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【解析】选[B]。选项[B] 符合题意～依据是Advertising is the paid, nonpersonal, and usually
persuasive description of goods, services and ideas through various media。convincing是
persuasive的同义转述～意为making you believe that something is true or right～即‚使相信～
使确认?。
Passage Two
Officials at the Olympic Games taking place in Salt Lake City, Utah, say they have met their environmental goals. However, environmental groups say the Salt Lake Olympic Games have done permanent harm to the area. Protection of the environment is now officially one of the three goals of the Olympic movement. The other two goals are sports and culture. Today, many cities seeking to hold the Olympic Games promise to offer greater protection for the environment. However, an environmental group says that the Salt Lake Olympic Committee make promises that it has not kept. For example, activists criticize ski jumps that were built into the sides of the mountains. They also criticize the officials for permitting trees to be cut down and new roads built for the Olympic Games. They said better public transportation is needed to help decrease air pollution during the Games. And they said not enough has been done to reduce energy use. Lawyers say the Olympics are being used as an excuse to prevent development that normally would be unacceptable under the current environmental laws.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What do the environmental groups think of the Salt Lake Olympic Games?
【解析】[D]。在听录音之前～预览四个选项可知本文可能谈论的是The games与environment的
问题。原文中用转折语言引出环境组织的意见～however,...have done permanent harm to the area,
故选[D]。
30. Which is not a goal of the Olympic movement?
【解析】[C]。四个选项均为含有积极色彩的名词短语～需要在听的过程中留意和它们有关的信息。
31. According to the environmental groups what is needed to decrease airpollution during the Games?
【解析】[B]。预读选项可以推测此题考查的是保护环境的行为～需要留意文中有关这些行为的细节。
Passage Three
Diet, diet, diet! It gets to be a constant battle for many of us to stay fit and healthy. But diets don?t always allow us to learn new eating habits, improve our self-image, or make
lifestyle changes. Developing good eating habits and proper exercise is a permanent issue. And it’s the main topic of this workshop.
In order to keep a healthy diet and minimize the risk of disease, it?s essential to eat a diet that consists of low fat foods and to maximize energy with carbohydrates. Beef, nuts, oils, and most dairy products are rich in fat, so you should eat less of those; while pastry, rice, potatoes, and bread contain almost no fat and are a high energy source of complex development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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carbohydrates. You know that many food manufactures use sugar to make low fat or fat free foods taste good, but don?t worry too much about that. You don?t necessarily “get fat” by eating sugar, since sugar is an indirect fat.
When you exercise, carbohydrates are the first calories to burn, if you want to burn off fat, it?s good to do some sort of aerobic exercise such as biking, swimming, running, or fast walking. But you have to keep doing this exercise for at least twenty minutes because it takes about that long before we start to burn fat. And then the effect of burning fat decreases after forty-five minutes of exercise. So if you do some sort of aerobic exercise for three to four days a week for about thirty to forty minutes, you?ll have an affective schedule for reducing weight.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What is the main topic of this talk?
【解析】选[D]。在听录音之前～预览选项可知本文与饮食习惯和锻炼有关。
33. According to the speaker, which will burn most quickly with exercise?
【解析】选[B]。预读选项可知此题询问有关食物种类的细节～听的过程中需要留意对它们的描述。
本题答案依据为When you exercise, cabohydrates are the first calories to burn, 根据常识
sugar正是碳水化合物的一种～故选[B]。
34. According to the speaker, what is the most effective exercise time schedule for reducing weight?
【解析】选[D]。预读选项可知此题询问的有关锻炼的时间安排。注意～只要抓住three to four days
a week这个关键信息就可以了。
35. What does the speaker say is burned at the beginning of exercise?
【解析】选[A]。预读选项可知此题询问的有关食物营养成分的细节。注意～Carbohydrates的意
思是‚碳水化合物?。
Section C
36.【解析】choose。根据本空前的动词不定式小品词to及空后的介词from可知～本空中应填一
原形动词。所填词与from构成固定搭配～并且是名词choice的同根词复现。
37.【解析】variety。a (considerable, great, wide)variety of为习惯用语～表示‚各种各样的, 种
类繁多的?。
38.【解析】tradition。从空格前的a long和空格后的介词of可以推断此处应填一名词。空后的
history对所填词起一定的提示作用。
39.【解析】throughout。从空格后的逗号后面是一个完整的句子可以判断所填词应该是介词。空
后的 its history及 the country has welcomed … from all over the world, most of whom have
needed to learn English中两处用的现在完成时起提示作用。
40.【解析】immigrants。所填词作welcomed的宾语～并且这些人是来自世界各地～他们中的大
多数都需要学英语。
41.【解析】experienced。从and可以判断所填词和qualified构成并列关系～因此所填词应为一
形容词～概念上与qualified相近～共同修饰teachers。
42.【解析】overseas。所填词修饰students～因此应该为一形容词。空前的from allover the world
起提示作用。
43.【解析】enroll。所填词作who的谓语～并且与students在数上一致～故应填一原形动词～并
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in132
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且此动词和介词on搭配。
44.【答案】Most of these institutions provide preparation courses for students who need to improve their English before they start university study
【Main Points】Students who need to improve their English before they start university study can take preparation courses in these universities and colleges
45.【答案】they are the most common type of courses taken by overseas students
【Main Points】overseas students usually take these courses
46.【答案】the chance to get to know the school where they will be studying and become more familiar with the American academic environment
【Main Points】the chance to know their school and the American academic environment
Model Test Two
答案及解析:
Section A
11. W: Look at the mess! And the guests will be here soon!
M: Take it easy. I’ll make sure the house is spotless.
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[A]。男士说他肯定会让屋子干干净净的～也就是他会打扫屋子的～选项[A]符合题意。
spotless意为‚一尘不染的～干净的?。选项[B]、[C]误解了对话中的take it easy。
12. M: Is the next game going to be held at our stadium or theirs? W: Do you really think it will make much of a difference with a losing record like ours? Q: What does the woman imply?
【解析】选[C]。女士说对我们这样一直保持失败记录的队伍来说～比赛在什么地方举行有很大不同
吗,言下之意是他们的队伍终将失败～也就无所谓在什么地方举行比赛了～故选项[C]符合题意。
13. M: Mum, I got a part-time job at the supemp3arket. Three hours a day weekday and all day Saturday.
W: Congratulations:But are you sure you can handle it? What about homework? Q: What’s the woman worried about?
【解析】选[B]。母亲第一次使用疑问语气～反映出她对儿子能否兼顾工作和学习的担心。第二次疑
问则突出反映了她对儿子学习的忧虑～故选[B]。
14. W: You see, there are too many people here. Let’s go to some other places.
M: All right. But cold weather in December cannot keep people away from the busy shops. Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[B]。女士说这里人太多了～到其他地方去看看吧。男士说～没问题～但是12月的冷天
也不能阻挡人们来这些热闹的商店～言下之意是尽管12月的天气很冷～逛商店的人仍然会多～故
选项[B]符合题意。
15. W: Your exam is over, isn’t it? Why aren’t you cheerful?
M: Oh, I don’t know. It isn’t that the questions were too hard, but I always feel uneasy when the exam doesn’t seem to have much to do with the book.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Q: What was the man’s opinion of the exam?
【解析】选[B]。在but后男士提到试卷与书的联系不大时～他就总觉得不安。选项[B] 是对此的同
义转述。对话提到...it isn’t that the questions were too hard, 意思是这些问题其实并不难。由
此可以排除选项[A]、[D]。[C]项中time(考试时间)在对话中没有提及。
16. W: What do you think of the movie?
M: It was worth neither the time nor the money.
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[B]。‚neither...nor...?结构是对两个内容的否定～也就是说时间和钱花得都不值～言外
之意就是这部电影根本不值得一看。
17. M: Good afternoon. I’m Mr. Jackson. I answered your ad for an experienced advertising executive.
W: Oh, yes, Mr. Jackson. Won’t you have a seat? The manager will see you shortly. Q: What do we learn about Mr. Jackson?
【解析】选[D]。男士来应聘广告上说的有经验的广告主管职位。女士说经理马上就会见他。关键
词是experienced(有经验的)、see you(会见)～另外前面的ad指报纸上的招聘广告～后面的
advertising executive指的是广告主管职位～选项[D] 符合题意。
18. M: Excuse me, would you please tell me when the next flight to Los Angeles is? W: Sure. The next direct flight to Los Angeles is two hours from now, but if you do not mind
transferring at San Francisco you can board now.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
【解析】选[D]。the next flight、direct flight(直达航班)、transferring(转机～换乘)构成了‚在
机场咨询航班情况?的特定场景。由女士所说的if you do not mind transferring at san Francisco you can board now可知答案为[D]。
Conversation One
W: Can I help you?
M: Yes, I’m looking for a book on the presidential election system in the United States. W: Well, all of our textbooks are arranged by subject and course number in the back of the
store. Is this a required text for one of the University’s political science courses?
M: No, it isn’t. I’ve already looked through all the political science books in the back, but the ones I saw only had a few pages, at most, on the topic.
W: How about the paperback section? There may be something there. M: Okay.
W: Or better yet, you should try looking in Books in Print. M: I’ve never heard of that. What is it?
W: It’s an index that lists all of the books currently available from publishers. If you have
a specific book in mind, you can look under the author’s last name.
M: But I don’t.
W: Then look directly under your subject, presidential elections. M: What happens if I find a book I want?
W: Well, if it’s not in stock, we can order it for you.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in134
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Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What is the man looking for?
【解析】选[B]。男士说‚I’m looking for a book on the presidential election system...?～后来
说到‚I’ve already looked through all the political science books?～由此可以推断～a book on
the presidential election system属于the political science books。因此～他要寻找的是[B] A
political science book。
20. Where does the woman first direct the man to?
【解析】选[C]。当男士说需要一本关于总统选举体制的书时～女士以为他说的是textbook～于是
马上说‚all of our textbooks are ...in the back of the store?。因此～选项[C]符合题干要求。
21. What kinds of books are listed in Books in Print?
【解析】选[C]。女士说‚you should try looking in Books in Print?～在男士不知道什么是Books in
Print的情况下～女士解释说～Books in Print是‚an index that lists all of the books currently
available from publishers?～选项[C]符合题干要求。注意～in print是指‚(books)currently available
from publishers～正在出售的?,out of print是它的反义词组～表示‚已售完?～也很常用。
Conversation Two
W: Didn’t you write a paper about Albert Kahn last semester?
M: Yes, for my history of architecture class.
W: Oh, I am taking it now and I have to do some research on industrial architecture. I need to read up on Kahn’s factories. So I would like to see what you wrote about them.
M: I don’t think my paper will help; I focus on his classical design like Clements library and office buildings, but you are interested in the modern building he is famous for. W: Yes he is best known for his factory, especially the auto plants in Detroit. He made a breakthrough in industrial design. You know before his time, factories were so composed and inefficient but his factory provide enough light and air and open space. So the cars could be assembled in one huge plant.
M: I remember reading that previously, factories had wooden frame and the heavy machinery made the buildings vibrate and there were firehazards too. But when Kahn started to design auto plants around the turn of the century, reinforced concrete had just been invented. Talk about the breakthrough, not only were the buildings sturdy and fireproof but they were cheap to put up too!
W: You seem to know a lot of about his industrial career.
M: Actually even though I wrote about his other works, I did a lot of background reading. Let me see if I can dig up that paper for you. There were some books of articles included in my bibliography that you might want to look up at the library.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. Why are the students discussing Albert Kahn?
【解析】选[D]。由女士所说的...I have to do some research...I need to read up on kahn’s
factories可以推知～女士在研究卡恩的作品～整个对话就此展开。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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23. In which is Albert Kahn best known for?
【解析】选[B]。听音时注意和Kahn 相关的信息:the modern building he is famous for以及best
known for his factory。问题问Kahn因为什么最有名～[B]为该细节的同义转述。
24. To what industry did Albert Kahn make a major contribution?
【解析】选[D]。听音时注意提到的行业。根据especially the auto plants‚汽车车间?及So the cars
could be assembled in one huge plant。可推出答案为[D]‚运输行业?。
25. According to the talk, what was one problem with factories before Kahn’s time?
【解析】选[A]。听音时注意和建筑缺点相关的信息～对话中男士提到there were firehazards too。
问题问卡恩时代之前的汽车工厂存在的问题～[A]为细节再现。
Section B
Passage One
Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families. Television is the most significant of these influences, because the habit of watching television usually begins before children start attending school. And, by the time that the average child finishes high school, he or she will have spent 18,000 hours in front of a television set as opposed to 12,000 hours in a classroom.
Parents are concerned about these figures. They are also concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children. The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them.
Even if it is unreal — a cartoon cat beating up a cartoon mouse with a baseball bat —
this violence may have a negative effect on the young minds exposed to it. Studies indicate that, when children are exposed to violence, they may become aggressive or insecure.
Parents are also concerned about the commercials that their children see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programs for children. And some parents feel that these shows should not have commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers.
Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of. The most famous of these is ‚Sesame Street?, which tries to give
preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet and numbers. It also tries to teach children useful things about the world in which they live.
Even though most parents and educators give ‚Sesame Street? and shows like it high
marks for quality, some critics argue that all television, whether educational or not, is harmful to children. These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television a day turns children into bored and passive consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What is the main idea of the passage?
【解析】选[C]。在听录音之前～预览四个选项可知本文与电视带来的负面影响有关。至于是对哪一
方面的负面影响～既要根据主题句区分～还需要根据文章内容进行辨别。
27. According to the passage, what do you think ‚Sesame Street? is?
【解析】选[B]。预读选项可知此题询问的是电视节目的类型。The most famous of these is
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in136
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‚Sesame Street?...为答案的依据～其中的these指的就是educational programs.
28. What will be the consequence if a child form a habit of watching hours of television every day?
【解析】选[A]。预读选项可知此题询问的是They将会发生什么行为或变成怎样的状态～需要留意
对动作和状态的描述。答案依据为:These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of
television day turns children into bored and passive consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it. 选项[A]中bored ? 原文中的dull～passive
? inactive。
Passage Two
Crime has its own cycles, a magazine reported some years ago. Police records show a surprising relation between changes in the season and crime patterns.
The pattern of crime has changed very little over a long period of years. Murder reaches its high during July and August, as do other violent attacks. Murder, in addition, is more than seasonal; it is a weekend crime. It is also a nighttime crime: 62 percent of murders are committed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. One is most likely to be robbed between 6 p.m. and 2 a.m. on a Saturday night in December, January, or February. Except for one strange statistic, May is the least criminal month of all.
Apparently our intellectual season cycles are completely different from our criminal patterns. Professor Huntington made a lot of studies to discover the seasons when people read serious books, attend scientific meetings, and make the highest scores on examinations. In all examples, he found a spring peak and an autumn peak separated by a summer low. On the other hand, Professor Huntington?s studies showed that June is the peak month for suicides and for admitting patients to mental hospital. June is also a peak month for marriages!
Possibly, high temperature and humidity bring on our strange and surprising summer actions, but police officers are not so sure. ‚There are, of course, no proof of a relation
between humidity and murder?, they say. ‚Why murder’s high time should come in the
summer time we really don?t know”.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What is the passage mainly about?
【解析】选[D]。根据选项的概括性强、信息密集可知～本题考查短文主旨。文章开头的Police records
show a surprising relation between changes in the season and crime patterns为短文主题句～
故[D]为答案。
30. Which is the safest season?
【解析】选[B]。文章明确提到May is the least criminal month of all～表明五月是犯罪率最低的
月份～也就是说五月最安全～故选项[B]正确。
31. What did Professor Huntington’s research show?
【解析】选[C]。推断题。文章讲到～Professor Huntington调查人们读严肃小说、出席科技会议
和考试得高分的季节～所有数据表明在春季和秋季是高峰～而夏季却是低峰～排除[B]、[D],另外
短文中听到June出现最多的地方提到了两个peak, 他们分别是自杀和医院接收精神病患者数目最
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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高峰以及结婚的高峰～由此可以排除[A]项～得出答案[C]。
Passage Three
Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that too much work demand can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, saying that no job is so important as to damage personal relationships and rob people of relaxation. There has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and relaxation. Leisure time provides opportunities to find personal satisfaction and freedom from the routine of work.
Increased leisure time in the United States has not altered the idea that work and play are distinct activities. This distinction is clear-cut; there are ‚work-hours? and
‚afterwork-hours?. There is a belief that it is desirable ‚to work hard and play hard” and
undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores, and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. There may be more social interaction between teachers in a school than between scientists doing independent research. Nevertheless, work and play are usually perceived and maintained as separate activities.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What is the result of too much work demand?
【解析】选[C]。本文开头就说too much work demand can be physically and mentally harmful(工
作量过大在体力上和脑力上都是有害的)～即[C]。
33. In order to rebel against the work ethic, what do many people believe now? 【解析】选[B]。文中claiming(宣称)即表明人们是这样认为(believe)的～no job is so important as
to...表明工作并不是最重要的～人们应该多注意与人的交往和放松自己～即[B]。
34. What do people expect an employee under pressure at work to do?
【解析】选[B]。这个例子出现在to work hard and play hard这个概念被引出之后～文中原话说:
处于工作重压下的职员是不能进行社交拜访活动(意即休闲)的～与[B]表达的意思是一样的。
35. What does the speaker imply by saying ‚the distinction is clear-cut??
【解析】选[A]。文中clear-cut一词出现前有work and play are distinct (不同的) activities～
之后又出现了work-hours and afterwork-hours和 to work hard and play hard等词句～均说
明美国人认为工作和休闲是截然分开的。
Section C
36.【解析】claim。从manufacturer’s这个所有结构可知所填词为名词～而且可以和介词for搭
配。另外～live up to和所填词构成动宾搭配～live up to意为 ‚遵守(诺言、原则等)～符合?。句
中的or表示:faulty和or后面的部分是选择性并列关系。那么～consumer买的商品可能有瑕疵
或者不像manufacturer标榜得那么好。claim作名词时常和for搭配～for后面的it指代的是an
item。
37.【解析】produce。空前will限定所填词为一原形动词～并在句中作谓语～和results构成动宾
搭配。主语this action是指上句中的present the guarantee at the store of purchase～在很多
情况下～这种方式都比较有效。表示‚产生好的效果?的搭配有produce / bring about / bear / give
/ yield (good) results。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in138
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38.【解析】complaint。从in general(一般而言)可知～这句话是对上一句的进一步说明～所填词很
可能和上一句中的关键词complain有关～而且作空后settled的宾语。Settle暗含‚解决(棘手的
或令人不愉快的事情)?。complaint是complain的名词形式～take one’s complaint意为‚抱怨?～
等同于complain。
39.【解析】assuming。空前的句子结构已完整～所以本空应填一‚动词+ing?～即现在分词作伴随
状语。
40.【解析】person。in person意为‚亲自～本人?～为固定短语。空后的转折句but if they cannot
get to the place of purchase...to phone or write the complaint in a letter起提示作用。
41.【解析】acceptable。空前的It is及to phone…表明本空中应填一形容词。考生应注意:短文
听写中若出现It is/was to do结构时～所填词往往为以 able结尾的形容词。
42.【解析】firmly。所填词前面的but表示‚尽管…还是…?～所填词和 politely应该词性相同～
但意义相对。短文听写中的副词往往以 ly结尾。
43.【解析】question。in question为固定搭配～意为‚正在谈论的?～修饰the item。在文章语境
中～正在谈论的商品也就是顾客向经理抱怨的商品。
44.【答案】the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is
wrong, rather than by making general statements
【Main Points】the consumer will succeed by presenting specific information～but not by
making general statements
45.【答案】the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as
possible
【Main Points】the consumer should do this, stating the complaint politely and firmly 46.【答案】She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private
or public organization responsible for protecting consumers rights 【Main Points】She or he can threaten to accuse the seller or report the seller to an organization responsible for protecting consumers rights
Model Test three
答案和解析:
Section A
11. M: Then why did you decide to quit your former job? W: That's because of the journey. It took me about two hours to get to work. Your firm is
within walking distance.
Q: Why does the woman want to change her job?
【解析】选[D]。男士问女士为什么辞了以前的工作。女士说因为她每天要花两个小时去上班～同
时流露出羡慕男士的公司离其住所近～[A]错误。女士所说的journey～指路程而不是旅行～[B]错
误。[C]项未提及。[D]中说女士不想在上班的路上花太多的时间～符合题意。
12. W: Do you think Edward will get here on time for the job interview?
M: If he doesn't, nobody will.
Q: What does the man mean?
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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【解析】选[A]。这道题关键在于听懂男士的回答。女士问他Edward能否准时参加面试～男士并
未直接回答～而是说:如果他不能的话～那么就没有人能了～言外之意就是他肯定会准时到达。
13. M: Hey, you should be doing your art class now. Why are you here? W: I realized I've no talent for drawing. Drama is a better alternative than those brushes.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【解析】选[D]。女士的回答中～Drama is a better alternative than those brushes是这个对话
中的关键点。[D]项表明她已经退出了艺术课～而选择了戏剧课～故为答案。
14. W: Oh dear, I gained these 10 pounds in the last 3 months, none of my clothes fit any
more.
M: I wouldn't complain, you look much better. In fact, you can gain another 5 pounds and still
look good.
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[C]。每每女士为自己的体重大惊小怪时～男士常会给予一定的安慰和劝说。对话中男士
说you look much better. In fact, you can gain another 5 pounds and still look good表明～男士
劝女士不应为其体重担心。
15. M: I'd like to buy these four greeting cards. Are they ten yuan each?
W: Three of them are. But that smaller one costs only half the price of the big ones.
Q: How much will the man pay for the cards?
【解析】选[C]。这是一道综合性的计算题～但并不复杂～只要听到Three of them are (ten yuan
each)"其中三个是每个十元"及that smaller one costs half the price of the bigger ones"小卡片
的价钱是大卡片的一半"～确定应选[C]。
16. W: I know you're busy, but how about attending a film festival tonight? Your favorite
star will make an appearance.
M: You think I'd give that a miss?
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[A]。女士对男士说我知道你很忙～但今晚你愿意参加一个电影节吗～你最喜欢的明星
会露面。男士反问道～你认为我会放弃这个机会吗,实际上暗示了他肯定会去的～这和选项 [A]吻
合。男士的回答中～You think I'd give that a miss?是这个对话的关键点。
17. W: Would you mind sending champagne and strawberries to my room at 1 a.m. please? M: I'll try, ma'am. But on Wednesday the kitchen staff leave at mid-night. Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?
【解析】选[D]。champagne and strawberry、sending … to my room、kitchen staff构成了一
个"在宾馆谈论送餐"的特定场景。
18. W: You were on the phone for a long time. To whom were you talking? M: Oh, to Susan. She always knows the latest news in town and she couldn't wait to see me to
talk it over.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
【解析】选[B]。对话中男士不仅回答了女士的问题～还进一步提到Susan急于告知他镇上的最新
消息。选项[B] eager to pass the information she knows就是对话中couldn't wait to see me to
talk it over的同义转述can't wait to do sth.意为"急切地想要做某事"。
Conversation One
W: Can I help you?
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in140
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M: Yes, I'd like to read some articles that are on reserve about British culture. W: Professor Grand's class?
M: That's right. How could you know?
W: Let's just say you are not the first person coming in asking for those articles. M: Oh, well, seeing as how I haven't read any of them yet, it doesn't really matter which one you give me first.
W: I'm afraid I can't give you any of them at the moment. They've all been checked out. M: You're joking, all of them?
W: Every month. I've asked professor Grand twice already to bring in additional copies of the articles, but no sooner do I place them on the shelves than they are gone. See that girl in the black sweater? She's been waiting for half an hour for those same articles to be returned.
M: And here's me. I went out of my way to free out the whole afternoon to read. W: I'm sorry, but there is not a whole lot I can do about it. All I can suggest is that you come in first thing tomorrow morning and try again. We open at eight.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What is the man surprised to learn?
【解析】选[C]。男士来借阅论文～被告知论文都被借走(been checked out)了～不由得说～You are
joking, all of them?其中～You are joking表示不相信、惊讶之情(surprised)。同义的表达有Are
you kidding?
20. What does the woman say about Professor Grand?
【解析】选[D]。根据选项无法判断问题是什么的时候～更需要我们注意听问题。 题目问Professor
Grand的情况～图书管理员说她已经两次请Professor Grand拿来多份论文～但总是很快就被借走
了。其他选项在对话中都找不到依据。
21. What does the woman suggest that the man do?
【解析】选[A]。对话的最后部分女士建议男士明天一早就过来(come in first thing tomorrow
morning)～并告诉他开馆时间为8点。
Conversation Two
M: Come on, Julie, how are we going to convince everybody that I'm the best candidate? W: It won't be easy!
M: Thanks a lot!
W: Oh, just kidding. Actually, I think once we show everyone how well you did asjunior class treasurer, you are sure to be elected president.
M: Well..., what's your strategy?
W: One thing I was thinking of is to hang campaign posters in all the hallways. M: But everyone puts up posters. We need to do something different.
W: Let me finish. The campus radio station is willing to let you have five minutestomorrow morning at seven to outline your plans for the year. Lots of students will hear you then. M: Great idea!
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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W: I've also arranged for you to give a speech during dinner time tomorrow. Over a hundred students will be there. And you can answer questions after you finish speaking. M: That means I'd better come up with a speech pretty quickly. How about if I write it tonight and show it to you after chemistry class tomorrow?
W: Fine. I'll see you after class.
M: You are really good at this. I'll be glad you agreed to help me out.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. What election are the speakers discussing?
【解析】选[D]。听对话～注意对话开头部分～捕捉与elected相关的信息～根据the best candidate～
sure to be elected president可以判断他们谈论的是学生会主席的选举。
23. What do we learn from the conversation?
【解析】选[D]。对话首句男士问how are we going to...;女士策略:One thing I was thinking of...,
I've also arranged for you...。根据细节进行推理可知～女士是在帮助男士策划竞选活动。
24. What will the man do tonight?
【解析】选[B]。听音时捕捉与选举有关的动作行为:come up with a speech以及write it tonight。
问题问男士今天晚上将要做什么～[B]为细节再现。
25. What will the speakers do after chemistry class?
【解析】选[B]。听对话～捕捉与选项有关的表动作的词句～come up with a speech～and show it
to you after chemistry class。问题问谈话者化学课后做什么。根据细节进行推理～应该是Review
the man's talk。
Section B
Passage One
Human beings enjoy challenges. Many of them like physical challenges. They ask themselves questions like these: How fast can I run? How high can I climb? How deep can I dive? How far can I swim? How long can I hold my breath? How much can I lift? How high can I jump? Because people enjoy challenges, they like to play sports and watch other people play sports. They like climbing, running, diving, lifting, jumping, and so on. Every four years millions of people all over the world enjoy the international sports competition called the Olympics. There are challenges that are not physical challenges. There are social and intellectual challenges, too. Leonardo da Vinci, who lived in Italy during the fifteenth century, enjoyed every possible challenge. He was an artist and painted the well known picture, the Mona Lisa. He was an engineer who made plans for a city with roads under the street for traffic. He was an inventor who invented a device to let people breathe under water. He was a scientist, and he learned a great deal about human structure.
Another kind of challenge faced the Egyptians between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago when they decided to build the first pyramid. They used six million tons of rock. That is enough to build a ten foot wall around all of France. Four hundred thousand men worked for twenty years to build it.
So, for thousands of years, people accepted challenges. Today we still have many challenges before us. Medical science faces the challenges of conquering the many diseases which still
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in142
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attack human beings. Engineers and planners must build new cities and new kinds of transportation. Scientists must develop new forms of energy. And many of us are interested in the challenge of space. We live in an age of challenge.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. When people participate in sporting activities, what kind of challenge do they face? 【解析】选[B]。预读选项可知此题询问的是challenge的类型。在听的过程中需要留意涉及类型的
细节。文中开头的Many of them like physical challenges后用一系列的例子～如How fast I can
run,...They like climbing, running...表明～当人们参加体育活动时他们面对的是physical
challenges。
27. Which belongs to social challenge?
【解析】选[D]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对四种行为在细节上的区分。在听的过程中需要留
意文中出现了哪几种行为、分别是为了说明什么问题而出现。
28. How do people react to the category of social challenges?
【解析】选[C]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查They对them的态度。在听问题时需要留意They
和them分别指代的是什么。
Passage Two
Today we?ll examine the role that private transportation — namely, the automobile — plays in
city planning.
A number of sociologists blame the automobile for the decline of the downtown areas of major cities. In the 1950?s and 1960?s the automobile made it possible to work in the city and
yet live in the suburbs many miles away. Shopping patterns changed; instead of going to downtown stores, people in the suburbs went to large shopping malls outside the city and closer to the home. Merchants in the city failed, and their stores closed. Downtown shopping areas became deserted. In recent years there?s been a rebirth of the downtown area, as many suburbanites have moved back to the city. They?ve done this, of course, to avoid highways blocked with commuters from the suburbs. I?ve chosen this
particular city planning problem—our dependence on private transportation — to discuss in
groups. I?m hoping you will all come up with some novel solutions. Oh, and don?t approach the problem from a purely sociological perspective; try to take into account environmental and economic issues as well.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. How did the automobile affect the work force in the 1950?s and 1960?s?
【解析】选[B]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对It对workers或jobs的影响。在听问题时需要
留意It指代的是什么。
30. What problem did downtown city merchants face in the 1960?s?
【解析】选[C]。预读选项可知此题是考查对四种负面事实的区分～需要留意文中关于这些细节的陈
述。
31. According to the speaker, why are some people moving back to the city? development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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【解析】选[D]。预读选项可知此题询问的是关于某件事情的原因。文中提到人们从乡下搬回到城
市的原因是:to avoid highways blocked with comustters...,[D]是对此的同义转述。
Passage Three
The United States operates under a federal system of government. Under the federal system, power is divided between the central government and the states. The central government is given specific powers. These powers are named in the Constitution. Powers that are not assigned to the central government in the Constitution belong to the states. The central government can pass laws that affect trade between states. The central government can also make treaties with foreign countries. It has the power to print money. The Constitution gives the central government these powers. These powers belong to the central government only. However, the states have many powers that the central government cannot control. For example, a state is allowed to tax people who live and work in the state. The central government cannot put a limit on the amount of money that a state taxes its people.
Many people feel that the federal system has many good points. One good point is that it restrains the power of the central government. The central government cannot become too powerful. Another good point is that the central government makes sure that the bigger states don?t become too powerful. Under the Constitution, all states are treated equally. The laws of the central government do not favor one state over another.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What does the passage mainly tell us?
【解析】[B]。在听录音之前～预览四个选项可知本文与federal system或central government and
the states有关。而且这些选项的概括性很强～很有可能询问文章的主旨大意。
33. Which is the power of the states governments?
【解析】[B]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对四种行为在细节上的区分。在听的过程中需要留意文
中出现了哪几种行为、分别是为了说明什么问题而出现。
34. What is stated in the passage?
【解析】[D]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对四种事实的区分～而且均与中央政府和每个州的权
力有关。
35. According to the passage, what is a good point about the federal system? 【解析】[A]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对四种事实的区分～需要留意文中出现了哪种或哪几
种事实。
Section C
36.【解析】feared。根据either...or...可以判断所填词和respected词性一致(即也是v+ed形式)～
语义相对。一方面是尊敬之情～那么另一种可能就是畏惧之情了。
37.【解析】rank。从authority可以判断此处指的是社会中的等级。
38.【解析】including。根据对句子结构的分析可以判断所填词和America一起构成句子的状语～
因此应该填入分词形式。
39.【解析】developing。所填词的宾语为exciting new ideas～从宾语的感情色彩可以判断所填词
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in144
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带有褒义～根据空前的may be判断应该填入动词的ing形式～构成正在进行时。
40.【解析】prizes。目的是为了encourage such creativity～那么提供的应该是奖励了。
41.【解析】accomplishments～意为‚成就～成绩?。通常来说奖励的是所取得的成就。并且所填
词和discoveries形成并列关系。
42.【解析】considered。所填词与本句中的as构成固定搭配(consider...as...)。
43.【解析】manners～意为‚礼貌～礼仪?。根据空格后的that young people lack respect for authority可以判断此处是说对年轻人的礼貌有害。
44.【答案】This impression may be created when visitors notice young Americansasking
questions and arguing with older people
【Main Points】Young people may leave bad impression when they ask questions and argue with older people.
45.【答案】It is vital to remember that it is the person’s ideas that are being questioned,not the individual himself
【Main Points】It is important to remember that people argue about ideas instead of the
individual himself
46.【答案】so that the work of the business can progress in the most effective mannerpossible
【Main Points】so that the business work can go on the most effectively
第二章 阅读理解
详解
Passage1
1. A语义题mainly 是个关键词～它让A做正确答案更合适～BC过于决断～D不确切
2. C细节题 见第三段
3. A 细节题 见第三段首句B为干扰项虽然和最后一句话一样但含义有差别～最后一句是指Psychic
ability takes time to develop, just as the other five sense. 4. C 细节题 见第三段倒数第三句
5. A 态度题 见第三段首句和末句
Passage 2
6. D语义题见第一段第四句。
7. C 细节题 见第一段最后一句。
8. A 细节题 见第二段第四句。
9. C 细节题 the case of Maria Vivas is an example
10. B 推理题 见第一段第三句～AC见第一段四五六七句～D明显与文中例子矛盾～所以选D。
Passage 3
11. A推理题 见第三段第一句
12. C推理题 见第三段
13. A细节题 见第四段第一二句
14. D细节题 见第五段第一句
15. C态度题 文章解决了未来汽车两个问题～污染问题和交通拥挤问题～可见作者对未来汽车是持
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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积极态度的。
Passage 4
16(A. 主旨题。判断文章主旨要从文章整体来把握。文章第一段就指出美国股市昨日大幅下跌～
接下来的几段都在介绍下跌的状况、原因、相关因素～并且详细介绍了各个股票指数的一系列
数据～最后一段又描述了世界其他地区股市情况～可见全文都是在说明美国和世界股市的现状。 17(A. 细节题。根据文章第一段第二句～“从大公司收购到普通人购买房屋等各种事情都变得更加
困难”～答案显而易见。其余三个选项均与文章意思相反。
18(C. 细节题。根据文章第五段最后一句～“在昨日收盘前的一小时左右时间里～华尔街的各种主
要指数在一天的狂跌之后上涨了约三分之一的幅度”～所以在最后一两个小时内进行买卖的投资
者有可能会获利。
19(D. 推理题。根绝文章第四段第一、二句话谈到借钱不顺利～银行不愿意贷款等情况～因此导
致了克莱斯勒收购案进展受到了一定的阻碍。这一消息的结果影响到了公司的股价～紧接着第
三句话就是谈到了戴姆勒-克莱斯勒股票价格的下跌。可见两者之间是有因果联系的。 20(B. 态度题。作者的态度可以通过材料的选择和措辞来判断。纵观全文～作者基本上都在描述
事实和引用各种数据、言论～并没有发表自己的看法。可见～作者对于股市现状的态度是非常
客观的。
Passage 5
21 [D]题干问:“本文引用弗兰肯斯坦博士所说的话的目的是为了……”。此题可以定位在第1自然
段～且文章1、2、3段反复强调“moral philosophies”～因此选项[D]“引入生物技术中所存在的
道德问题的话题”为正确选项。而选项[A]“给出DNA技术突破的精彩的一页”～选项[B]“强调手
段对达到一种永久目的的重要性”和选项[C]“显示出他是如何在一千年前创造一种新的生命形
式”都与原文不相符～不是作者引用的目的
22 [B]题干问:“我们从文章可以得出结论:人类克隆技术应该使用的方式是……”。正确选项为
[B]“合理的并且是相当谨慎的”～从文中2、3、4自然段定位～归纳以后得出这样的选项。而选
项[A]“过分和奢侈的”～选项[C]“激进的和不分青红皂白的”和选项[D]“公开的而且是热情的”都与
作者在整篇文章所使用的语气不相符合。
23 [A]题干问:“我们从本文得知～奥尔德斯?贺胥黎持有怎样的观点,”此题可定位在第4自然段～
正确选项为[A]“DNA技术应该受到个人的控制”～作者在文中对奥尔德斯?贺胥黎的观点提出了
一种批判。而选项[B]“政府应该对个人少加以控制”～选项[C]“人们需要政府来保护DNA信息”～
和原文的意思是相反的。选项[D]“关于人类克隆的道德观念应该被删除”与问题不符合。 24 [D]题干问:“从全文最后一段推测～我们能预测下面哪项是作者在下一部分将要讲述的内容,”
此题可定位于全文的最后一句。正确选项为[D]“生物技术研究的现状”。而选项[A]“反思生物技
术的道德”～选项[B]“对我们的个人隐私的冒犯性的侵犯”和选项[C]“我们后代智商不可避免的改
变”都无法从文章的逻辑得出这样的判断。
25 [C]题干问:“根据最后一段～„干件?和„湿件?的关系就像……”。在文中“干件”指的是机器～“湿件”
指的是人的肉体～因此选项[C]“机器和肉体的关系”为正确选项。而选项[A]“整体和个体”～选项
[B]“想象和现实”和选项[D]“暂时和永远”都不能构成类比的逻辑关系。
Passage 6
26. [C] 从文章第一段第四句可知。
27 [A]题干问:“如实验室研究中所表明～快眼运动的特征是……”。正确选项为 [A]“急剧活跃的脑
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in146
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电图”～此题可以定位在第2自然段～且在第3、4段又再次说明。选项[B]“被研究者很快的反
应速度”～选项[C]“复杂的记忆模式”和选项[D]“前一天事件的重现”都不是快眼运动的主要特征。 28 [B]题干问:“作者谈到„人工语法?～目的是为了说明……”。正确选项为[B]“所学到的内在模式”～
此题定位于原文的第3段～且在原文的第5段作者以学数学的学生为例说明～如果睡得好～大
脑会发现一种内在的某种学习材料的模式。选项[A]“研究的重要性”～选项[C]“和灯泡的相似”和
选项[D]“睡眠的重要性”都不是作者说到“人工语法”所要谈论的目的。
29 [C]题干问:“在研究中皮埃尔?马凯领导的小组主要利用的是什么方法,”正确选项为[C]“采用一
种对比和比较的方式”～这个题考察的是对2、3、4、5段的归纳～他们把各种情形的情况进行
对比性的研究。选项[A]“揭示一种长期持有的古训”～选项[B]“澄清了对梦的预言”和选项[D]“把
因果关系联系在一起”都不是他们所使用的主要方法。
30 [D]题干问:“马凯给第二天参加大考的人有什么建议,”正确选项为[D]“在晚上好好的睡觉”～这
是一个通篇的中心归纳的考察题～在晚上好好的睡觉对记忆是有好处的。而选项[A]“努力地记
忆语法”～选项[B]“认真地研究课本”和选项[C]“记录自己的脑呈像”都不是他的明显建议～尽管这
些错误的选项使用了原文中的某些表达和单词。
Passage 7
31 [B]题干问:“本文最可能选自标题为……的文章”。正确选项为[B]“对哥伦比亚号事件的调查”～
“inquiry”和“accident”为本文的中心关键词～很显然文章的中心关键词作为整篇文章的大标题。
而选项[A]“Gehman对哥伦比亚号失事的评论”～在这篇文章中作者的态度相当谨慎～就事论事～
没有涉及太多的评价。选项[C]“阐述航天飞机的安全”～离题太远。选项[D]“美国航空航天局正
在被揭露的问题”～文中确实讲到美国航空航天局存在问题～但只是一部分～而不能作为整体。 32 [B]题干问:“在句子„since they could place?中的„they?所指的是……”。正确选项为 [B]“回答”～
对该句进行句型分析后～得出“they”指代的对象为前面的“answers”～“answer”为在听证会上的
回答。选项[A]“赔偿金”～选项[C]“决定”和选项[D]“问题”都与原文语境不相符合。 33 [A]题干问:“根据作者～导致哥伦比亚号航天飞机失事的主要原因是……”。文中作者明确讲述
了导致航天飞机失事可能主要是因为其左翼受到了损坏～因此选项[A]“一个很可能左翼受到的
损坏”为正确选项。而选项[B]“故意拒绝卫星图片”～选项[C]“有一种多愁善感以及所涉及的一种
自负”和选项[D]“航天机构在执行任务中的行动迟缓”都不是导致事件直接引发的原因。 34 [C]题干问:“像文中所提到的～星期三的听证会的主题是……”。在4、5、6、7段反复讲到了
美国航空航天局拒绝接受军事部门提供的卫星图像～此题可以定位在第5段的最后一句～“The
subject dominated the early part of Wednesday?s hearing”～该句中的“subject”指的就是美
国航空航天局拒绝接受军事部门提供的卫星图像～因此选项[C]“美国航空航天局拒绝了军事部
门提供的卫星图像”为正确选项。而选项[A]“轨道中情报卫星的一种精确能力”～选项[B]“美国航
空航天局没有作出决定反对对哥伦比亚号的检测”和选项[D]“美国航空航天局和军事部门的合
作”～尽管文中都有所提及～但却不是这次听证会所解决的问题和焦点。
35 [D]题干问:“下面哪项最能描述Gehman对于卫星图像的态度,”此题可定位于最后一段～该
段讲述了Gehman对卫星图像能否检测出破损仍旧不敢肯定～且综观全文～可以看出他的态度
是相当谨慎的～因此选项[D]“谨慎”为正确选项。而选项[A]“担心恐惧的”～选项[B]“盲目轻信的”
和选项[C]“冷漠的”都不能概括原文的中心和含义。
Passage 8
36 [C]题干问:“本文最好的标题是什么,”正确选项为[C]“疫苗:方法和内在含义”～这一选项能development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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概括说明文章的中心。而选项[A]“接种:福音或诅咒”～漏掉了关于接种疫苗的过程～是对中心
的部分概括。选项[B]“接种所用的原理”～这是第2自然段的话题。选项[D]“一个受到攻击的奇
迹的治疗方法”只涉及到最后一个自然段。
37 [A]题干问:“ 天花疫苗这个举例是说明什么情况,”此题可定位于第3自然段～且第3、4自
然段的主题就是使用疫苗可能会带来负面效果～因此选项[A]“使用疫苗可能会带来负面结果”为
正确选项。而选项[B]“疫苗的实际使用来控制传染病”～选项[C]“疫苗在于消除某些疾病的有效
性”和选项[D]“疫苗对付疾病所使用的方法”都不是这个举证所谈论的观点。 38 [B]题干问:“这个短语„ward it off naturally?最可能的意思是……”。文中第2自然段讲述了在
接种疫苗后～身体自然可以跟这种疾病进行对抗。因此选项[B]“很轻松地与之对抗”为正确选项。
而选项[A]“自然地将其排除”～选项[C]“很不情愿地去管理它”和选项[D]“恰当地分解它”都不符合
第二段所谈论的一个原理。
39 [B]题干问:“根据这篇文章～下面哪项是对的,”其实纵观全文～本文的中心讲的是免疫系统可
以得到特殊的训练以应对疾病的较弱形式～因此选项 [B]“免疫系统可以得到特殊的训练以应对
疾病的较弱形式”为正确选项。而选项[A]“挽救大多数的人必然造成少数人的死亡”～选项[C]“强
制性的接种对于大众的生存是不可或缺的”和选项[D]“接种的过程仍然是一个应该解决的神秘”
都不能说明原文的含义。
40 [D]题干问:“作者写作本文的目的是……”。作者在这篇文章的语气是客观的～因此选项[D]“为
了解释和告知信息”为正确选项。而选项[A]“评论和批判”～这是议论文～评论文的模式。选项
[B]“论证和辩论”是议论文的模式。选项[C]“为了带来兴趣和娱乐”～但这篇文章是科普性的文章。
Passage 9
41(D. 语义题。根据上下文～讨论了实战演习是否能够用于商界～并谈到许多老板都在向中国古
代的著名军事家孙武学习管理技巧。显然～商业人士已经在运用很多军事上的理论。四个选项
中～只有D最符合文意。
42(B. 细节题。文章第二段中～正如办公用品公司施乐公司的首席战略官约翰?麦克德莫特指出～“传
统的计划方式很少把竞争者的反应考虑在内”～显然答案是B。
43(D. 细节题。从第三段和第四段中～我们可以找到实战演习之所以能够产生积极效果～是因为
这种演习拥有两个重要的特点～同时还加入了“quantitative element”。而D选项并不是实战演
习积极效果的原因～而是结果。
44(C. 细节题。根据文章第三段第六行～各个团队列出所扮演公司“希望达到的一系列成果”～后面
紧跟着的“preference tree”即为上文“desired outcomes”的同义词。
45(A. 细节题。文章最后一段总结说明了实战演习模式之所以能够成功的原因～列举了三点～分
别属于B、C、D～而A选项与题意没有任何关系。
Passage 10
46(D. 细节题。文章第一段提到的香港那些富裕的移民们开始冒汗是一种比喻的说法～意指他们
开始变得紧张～后面指出问题所在是由于房价现在高得离谱～使得他们现在的生活开始变得不
像以前那么轻松舒适。可见～令他们紧张的上涨的房价。
47(A. 细节题。文章第二段第一句话中的“dueling”含有决斗、竞争的意思～说明了两座城市都视
对方为竞争者。
48(B. 细节题。根据文章第三段～随着外来人口越来越多～两座城市的本地人口住得越来越拥挤～
可见本地人的居住环境正在变差。
49(A. 细节题。第四段第三行指出“不断创纪录的贸易顺差、中国的不断扩张、以及来自无数新上
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in148
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Yangshuo New Start English College
市的股票～所有这些都是得这个地区充斥着各种资金”～答案显而易见。
50(A. 推理题。根据文章最后一段～两座城市的政治家们都希望进一步扩大本地的人口规模～以
促进经济的发展。考虑到前文指出两地目前的人口和土地之间已经产生了尖锐的矛盾～可以推
出未来随着人口的增长～这一冲突将会更加严重。
快速阅读参考答案 (Skimming and Scanning)
Passage 1 Spiders
1.N当出现all这种过于绝对的词语时～考生应该引起注意。一般这样的命题多数是不正确的。首段
中有句话:“All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their homes...”命
题中all的说法过于绝对。
2.Y该命题是对原文第二段首句话的同义改写。
3.N原文中第二段首句中写到～“of the 600 spiders in Britain only 12 are strong enough to
pierce the human skin”～因此并不是命题中说的当它们刺进人的皮肤通常能致人死亡。
4.N原文中说～“Arachne became depressed after this and in the end she hung herself.”注意
代词this指代上面的句子～结合上一句一起理解～命题显然是错误的。
5. NG文章中只出现过一次Tim Tegenaria～所以该题很好定位～即最后一段的第二句。可是文章
中并没有出现tarantula spiders。
6.Y该命题定位在最后一段倒数第三句话处。
7.NG首先定位Money spiders出现的位臵是文章的最后的两句～可是并没有提到它是最小的。
8.32,000 该题由关键词species of spider定位在第二段倒数第二句。
9.looking at their palps 该题定位在倒数第二段的首句。
10.the Goliath spider 本题答案在最后一段的首句。
Passage 2 How to be a traveling beauty this May holiday 这篇文章向人们介绍了在五一外出度假期间怎样保持女人漂亮本色。分别推荐了到海边～小镇～ 山
区可选择的胜地～出行的最佳天气状况～要携带的护肤护发护唇用品～保湿防晒用品以及相关品牌
与价格～还有其他的一些行之有效的保持美丽的建议。
1. Y 根据文章大意和第一段的最后两句话:How can you protect yourself and stay beautiful through seven days of traveling? Here are some helpful suggestions. 可以断定本题正确。
2. Y 在文中seaside 标题下的第二小点: Shine in your bikini. Exfoliate with a fine grained
scrub, which will not only let your exposed skin shine, but also acts as a deep cleanser to help
prevent skin from darkening and roughening after too much sun and salt water. 可以断定本题
正确。
3. NG 文中根本未提及。
4. NG 在文中seaside 标题下Tips 下的第三点:Never use body sun block creams on your face. Use special facial sun block creams. 但并未提及反之也然。故此句应该是 not given。
5. N 根据文中small town标题下的第一句话: Typical resorts: Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang, Jiangsu; Phoenix, Zhejiang可以断定本题错误。
6. Y 在文中mountaineering 标题下的第三段的第二句话:we recommend you use absolutely no development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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makeup except for basic skin care. 可以断定本题正确。
7. N 根据文中mountaineering标题下～是两条建议而非五条。故判断本题错误。
8. 10-20?
9. Xiaocheng Gushi
10. lip conditioner and hand cream
Passage 3 Airplane Instruments
本文主要介绍了飞机的相关知识～包括飞机内部的一些重要仪器及它们的功能～飞机的制造和发展～指出了现代飞机与早期飞机的不同之处及相关问题,介绍了飞机场的规模和功用～飞机跑道、机场控制塔、机场大楼等的工作原理及作用等。
1. N) ,精析,本文介绍了飞机、飞机场等有关设施的特点～并没有介绍飞机的发展史。 2. NG,,定位,由题干关键词an automatic pilot定位到第1个标题下的第二段第一句话。
,精析,原文指出自动驾驶仪无需驾驶员按任何按钮便可驾驶飞机～甚至可以自动起飞和降落。但并未提及它驾驶飞机比驾驶员强。
3. Y,,定位,由题干关键词the radio equipment定位到第1个小标题下第二段末句～"The radio equipment allows...to receive navigation signals."
,精析,该句意为"无线设备使驾驶员能够与地面控制人员谈话～接收导航信号"～是题干的同义转述。
4. Y,,定位,由题干关键词solid定位到第2个标题下首段首句Early airplanes were made of wood
frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire.
,精析,该句意为"早期的飞机是由铁丝固定～织物包裹的木结构制成的"～这显然不如现代飞机坚固。
5. N,,定位,由题干关键词Grapevine和Texas定位到第3个小标题下第三段首句One of the largest...of Dallas and Fort Worth.
,精析,由该句可知Grapevine～Texas是世界最大的机场之一的所在地。而世界上最繁忙的机场是位于本段倒数第二句的"O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago"。
6. Y,,定位,由题干关键词runways定位到第四个小标题下第三段首句。
,精析,第三段首句提到Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough
speed to leave the ground～可知跑道必须足够长。另外首段也提到现代飞机越来越重～也要求跑道足够坚固。
7. N,,定位,由题干关键词Precision Approach Radar (PAR)定位到第5个小标题下第二段。
,精析,由该段可知Precision Approach Radar (PAR)是用于引导向机场靠近的飞机的系统～而用于引导远离机场的飞机的系统是Ground Control Approach (GCA)。
8. electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS)
,定位,由题干关键词control towers定位到第5个小标题末段末句。
,精析,末段末句提到"电子微波着陆系统可以使飞机自动着陆"～由此可知答案。 9. customs and passport control
,定位,由题意可定位到最后一个小标题下首段第六句。
,精析,从定位句可知从外国过来的乘客需要通过海关和护照检测。
10. a special signal
,定位,由题干关键词detector定位到全文末段倒数第三句。
,精析,从定位句可知如果有人携带金属物品～检测器就会发出特殊信号。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in150
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Yangshuo New Start English College Passage 4 The Power of Personal Attitudes 1. N。根据题干中的信息词main purpose及our physical body定位到全文的第一段～结合文章标题可知本文的主旨是讲述个人态度的力量～而不是我们身体的生理构成。
2. Y。根据题干中的信息词emotional perceptions定位到第一段的第三句话～可知题干表述与原文相符。
3. Y。根据题干中的信息词low self-esteem 定位到第一个小标题下的第二句话～可知题干表述与原文相符。
4. N。根据题干中的信息词change any negative attitude to the positive定位到第一个小标题下第一段的倒数第二句话～可知题干表述与原文相反。
5. N。根据题干中的信息词story of the woman who finds a fob by changing her attitude定位到第一个小标题下的第二段和第三段第一句话～可知题干表述与原文相反。 6. NG。根据题干中的信息词speak positively about another person定位到第二个小标题下第一段的最后一句话～可知原文仅提到如果我们说别人坏话～可能会有问题产生～而并没有提到说别人好话是否会有好事发生。
7. Y。根据题干中的信息词speak negatively about another person定位到第二个小标题下第一段的最后一句话～结合第二段～可知题干表述与原文相符。
8. all negative expressions or complaining。根据题干中的信息词express negative sentiment in
life定位到第二个小标题下的第三段前两句话可得答案。
9. have a overall positive attitude。根据题干中的信息词right attitudes towards others and
life around us定位到第三个小标题下的第一句话可得答案。
10. a positive calm attitude。根据题干中的信息词difficult circumstances come in your way定位到文章的最后一句话可得答案。
Passage 5 How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint Presentations
1. Y。题干讲到了微软的PowerPoint对学术及商业陈述形式的改变～定位到文章的首段可知题干表述与原文相符。
2. N。根据题干中的信息词wording of the text定位到第一个小标题下的第一段～可知题干表述与原文相反。
3. Y。根据题干中的信息词the font styles for the title and the text定位到第一个小标题下的第四段第一句话～可知题干表述与原文相符。
4. N。根据题干中的信息词more formal situation和capitalizing定位到第一个小标题下的第七段第一句话～可知更加正式的方式是仅大写第一个单词的首字母～故题干表述错误。 5. N。根据题干中的信息词Centering bulleted lists or text定位到第一个小标题下的第九段～可知题干表述与原文相反。
6. Y。根据题干中的信息词Sound effects定位到第二个小标题下的第三段～可知题干表述与原文相符。
7. NG。根据题干中的信息词importing和two megabytes定位到第三个小标题下的第三段～可知原文提到的是插入的图片要少于两兆字节～而并未提及插入的flash大小。 8. as possible as you can。根据题干中的信息词look at the audience定位到第四个小标题下的第四段可得答案。
9. erase everything you?ve drawn。根据题干中的信息词Pressing the E key定位到第四个小标题下的第七段第三句话可得答案。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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10. meet your presentation needs。根据题干中的信息词make changes at the “slide master” level定位到文章的最后一段可得答案。
Passage 6 Natural Disasters
1. Y。根据题干中的信息词motion of tectonic plates定位到第一个小标题下的第一句话可知题干表述与原文相符。
2. N。根据题干中的信息词made up和layers定位到第二个小标题下的第一段可知题干表述错误。地球从内到外由三层组成:地核、地幔、地壳。
3. Y。根据题干中的信息词convection定位到第二个小标题下的第三段前两句话可知题干表述与原文相符。
4. N。根据题干中的信息词epicenter定位到第二个小标题下第五段的第一句话～可知题干表述与原文相反。
5. Y。根据题干中的信息词volcanoes和tectonic plates collide定位到第三个小标题下的第三段可知题干表述与原文相符。
6. N。根据题干中的信息词Magma和Earth?s crust if the liquid rock定位到第四个小标题下的第一句话可知题干表述与原文相反。
7. NG。根据题干中的信息词Mt Etna和160mph winds定位到第五个小标题和第六个小标题的第二段第二句话～可知原文并没有提到意大利埃特那火山的具体影响。
8. only happens in the tropics。 根据题干中的信息词fierce rotating storm及intense centre of low pressure定位到第六个小标题下的第一句话可得答案。
9. thunderstorms and strong winds。根据题干中的信息词brought by the hurricane定位到倒数第二个小标题下的最后一段可得答案。
10. quickly die out。根据题干中的信息词no warm water定位到原文的最后一句话可得知道答案。
Passage 7 Younger Artists Struggle to Excite Buyers 1. N。参见第一段中"..., Zhang Xiaoming travels to China almost every month."和第二段中"But Zhang admits to finding it increasingly difficult on recent visits to be 'touched’ by the new works that she has seen."可知,张晓明并未定居中国,她只是每月来中国旅行,并且她认为越来越难以被她看到的新作品感动。
2. Y。参见第三段中"..., many artists are repeating themselves ..."可知,张认为现在的许多艺术家只是在重复自己(没有创新)。
3. Y。参见第四段中'The most important artists ... were inspired by their tradition, history and
culture.’和第五中"... But what is happening right now is a lot of younger artists coming to the
market have a lack of spirituality ..."可知张认为最重要的艺术家们的作品都是从他们的传统、历史和文化中获得灵感,而现在的许多年轻艺术家则缺乏灵气。
4. Y。参见第一段首句可知,张是苏富比拍卖行的中国当代艺术品部的副总监,也是国际资深专家。 5. N。参见第六段中"Zhang is one of several market professionals who have raised concerns
that Chinese contemporary art could be becoming overpriced, ..."和第七段中"..., buyers are still extremely bullish, though increasingly selective."可知,包括张在内的一些艺术品市场专业人士已开始关注中国当代艺术品要价过高的现象。但是,买主们仍然热情很高,只不过更加挑剔而已。 6. NG。文章没有说中国当代艺术品是最受收藏家们推崇的。
7. N。参见第十五段中'Interest in Japanese contemporary art was very strong, ... pieces sold
for between three to 10 times their estimates.’可知,收藏家对日本当代艺术品的兴趣也很大。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in152
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Yangshuo New Start English College
作品以估价的3到10倍价格出售。
8. select the good quality pieces in best condition。参见第十三段中'The market is more mature now and collectors will select the good quality pieces in best condition.
十五选十强化训练参考答案
Passage 1
47. D 此处需要一个动词。本句叙述申请专利的程序:申请人申请专利时需要对发明进行具体描述～然后将描述和样品一同提交政府官员～故填submit一词。
48. O 此处需要填入一个形容词和beneficial并列作表语。此句介绍政府官员签发专利的条件是原创性和有用性～故填original。
49. A 空格前为情态动词could～所以此处需要填入一个动词原形。此处和or后面的use them themselves意义上是对应的。根据常识～申请人获得专利后～专利当然可以自己使用～也可以转让给其他人～故填license‚许可～特许?。
50. K 此处需要填入一个动词原形。政府为一项发明签发专利后～当然不能再为同样的创意签发专利～故填issue‚签发～发行?。
51. C 空格前为情态动词could～所以此处需要填入一个动词原形和后面的介词of 搭配使用。句子用without 引导条件——如果没有支付费并获准使用就擅自使用该专利～因为专利受法律保护～发明人有权对其进行起诉。accuse和charge都有‚控告～控诉?的意思～但是用法不同～分别为accuse sb. of sth.和charge sb. with sth. , 故排除charge。
52. F 此处需要填入一个名词作介词for 的宾语。使用专利的人要向专利发明人支付费用～获得使用权后才能取得专利的使用权。故填permission‚许可?。
53. I 此处需要一个名词。对于专利～政府一方面实施保护政策～另一方面～为了让大众了解专利的相关知识～政府会出版专利的详细说明～所以填specifications‚说明书?。
54. M 此处需要一个形容词～修饰其后的名词knowledge。政府出版专利详细说明的目的是让大众能够了解发明～所以填available‚可利用的? 。
55. H 上一段中提到美国政府在专利申诉的14年内进行保护～在这14年申报人拥有专利的所有权～超过14年～任何人都可以免费使用该专利。此处考查固定短语 for free‚免费的?。 56. N 句子主谓结构完整～空格处可以填入一个副词。publicizing ideas和定语从句中的be kept as trade secrets 之间是对比关系～因此需要填入一个表示转折意义的副词 otherwise。otherwise 和 however 都可以表示引导意义的转折～但however常用插入语～其前后需要加逗号～而otherwise 不需要。
Passsage 2
1(【答案】H
【分析】 此处应为固定搭配～be concerned with意为‚关心～担忧?
2(【答案】A
【分析】 此处需要一个名词～和economic一起表示经济前景～prosperity‚繁荣～前景?符合development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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语义。
3(【答案】I
【分析】 根据逻辑分析可知此处需要一个名词做receive的宾语～再根据前一句的句意～这里
consideration 更符合句意。
4(【答案】B
【分析】此处用status说明孩子们的地位再家庭和社会中越来越受到重视～与上下文达成一致。 5(【答案】J
【分析】通常一个独立的句子成分可由副词承担～consequently意为‚结果?。 6(【答案】C
【分析】此处需要用动词的现在分词做the variety of statutes的定语～表达保护孩子们的权利。 7(【答案】K
【分析】这里view是对前文叙述的总结～上文提到了‚观点?一词～从中我们可以判断new的
后面应该是view.
8(【答案】D
【分析】考查构词法～本文主要讲述孩子在家庭中的地位～而此处又涉及到孩子的培养问题～
child-rearing‚抚养孩子?正合此意。
9(【答案】L
【分析】此处需要一个形容词修饰做portion的定语～considerable是‚大量的?意思～一般修
饰不可数名词。
10(【答案】E
【分析】整篇文章介绍的是美国社会中孩子社会化的问题～应该说这一现象是当前社会问题之
一～所以contemporary符合句意。
Passage 3
1(【答案】H
【分析】此处需要一个形容词～根据上下文可知此处是要表达‚要帮助孩子和成人减肥维持健康?
的意思。故选healthy.
2(【答案】O
【分析】根据上下文～此处意思为‚Satcher认为学校是有效预防和减少超重问题的中心～建议
学校改进体育课设臵……? “identify…as”为固定搭配～‚把……看作?～因为后文的时态是过去
时～故应填identified.
3(【答案】K
【分析】本句是虚拟语气。根据上下文～此处应填‚improve?。表示‚建议学校改经体育课设
臵……?。
4(【答案】C
【分析】此处需要一个动词～文章要表达的意思是‚他敦促说～社区也必须提供安全的地方供人
锻炼?～此处应用过去时～故填‚urged?。
5(【答案】 J
【分析】‚attribute to?为固定搭配～意思是‚归因于……?～此处是被动语态～所以应填
‚attributed?。
6(【答案】B
【分析】‚classify as?为固定搭配～本句意思是‚美国每年约有30万人的死亡与肥胖有关～在
1999年～超过60%的成人可列入超重或肥胖?～此处是被动语态～所以应填‚classified?。 7(【答案】M
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in154
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Yangshuo New Start English College 【分析】此处要表达的意思是‚根据来自文生部长的一份新报告?～所以此处应填‚according?。 8(【答案】E
【分析】此处要表达的意思是‚在过去的20年中～青少年肥胖的普及已增长三倍?～所以应填
‚tripled?。
9(【答案】 I
【分析】此处要表达的意思是‚人开始超重的年龄越小～对他未来的生活质量的潜在影响就越大。?
并且是‚the more…, the more…?句型～所以应填‚greater?。
10(【答案】F
【分析】此处需要一个名词～本句意思是‚超重和肥胖是造成健康不良的主要因素?～所以应填
‚contributors?。
Passage 4
1(【答案】H
【分析】此处‚they?指上文提到的‚天气预测?～‚ come true?为固定搭配～意为‚实现?。
该句意为‚很多气候学家和绿色组织担心这一切会变成现实～除非全球的人们能够达成 共识～
协力控制温室气体的排放。
2(【答案】D
【分析】此处需要一个名词～根据上题的译文～可知此处应填‚emission?～意为‚排放?。 3(【答案】O
【分析】根据后文的‚to?可知此处应填‚from?,该句意思为‚在未来几十年里～亚洲,全球
63亿人口中超过一半人的家园,的气候将倾向另一个极端?。
4(【答案】K
【分析】此处在列举不良天气给人们带来的灾难～所以应填‚disease?。
5(【答案】F
【分析】此处需要一个名词作主语～根据上下文应填‚ patterns?,意为‚天气模式?。 6(【答案】A
7. 【答案】G团体认为～目前在亚洲已经能察觉到某些变化～但以后的情况可能会更糟。这种变化还可能导致大规模的移民和普遍的人道主义危机。?所以应填‚come?
8(【答案】C
【分析】本文的主题是温室效应～温室效应会使‚冰川?融化～所以此处应填‚melt? 9(【答案】J
【分析】该句意思为‚随着全球越来越温暖～暴风雨会更加猛烈～由昆虫和饮水传染的疾病将扩
散到新的地区。?所以应填‚warms?～表示‚全球变暖?。
10(【答案】M
【分析】根据后文的‚deforestation and pollution”可知此处应填‚degradation?～该句意思为‚专家认为～环境恶化～如森林砍伐和环境污染～将很可能加剧气候变化造成的影响
Passage 5
47. D. feel是一个系动词～可以判断此处应填入一个形容词。通过上下文意思～以及后面介词about,
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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可以确定选项为D项guilty。短语feel guilty about sth.‚对…感到有愧?。
全句的意思为‚我们很爱吃～但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感?。
48. M. be obsessed with为固定搭配～原意为‚被…附上/缠住/迷住心窍?～放在本句表示‚十分重视?。
全句的意思为‚我们很关心健康和减肥～但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延?。
49. A 本句～并且根据和介词to的搭配～可以推断出正确选项answer 缺一个名词作主语
50. I 本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级～根据上下文～表示‚旨
在禁止酗酒的禁酒令～却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒?～可以确定creative为正确选项。 51. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文～上文表示‚应该吃典
型的美国人吃的食物?～下文通过but 转折～表示实际上‚美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这
样的舶来品所诠释了?～因此可以确定defined为正确选项。
52. O 此处要与religious reasons平行～因此缺一与political搭配的名词～ideals最为‚理想?。 53. L 由于横线后面没有宾语～可以确定不是形成bring的短语～这样本句实缺一名词～做bring
的宾语。根据下文解释～‚美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的?～可以推出本句意义为‚坚
定的观点也不是确定不变的?。因此可以确定certainty为正确选项。
54. K 系动词become后应填入一个形容词～和后面介词of形成短语
be/become suspicious of‚对…感到怀疑?。
55. J 本句缺一个名词作主语～并且根据和介词in的搭配～可以推断出正确选项belief ‚(have) belief in sth.?相信…。
56. C 本句是一般现在时～缺一个动词～且和with 搭配～因此可确定选项share ‚share sth with sb?意为‚与某人分享某事?。
Passage 6
47. E此处应填入E项～be willing to 为固定搭配。
48. H此处应填入一个名词～而appetite通常和介词for搭配～此处句子的意思为控制我们无止境的欲望。
49. A此处应填入一个形容词～根据上下文意思应选A项～意即:全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远～以至于我们无需为此担心。
50. B此处应填入一个名词～而与computer 搭配的名词在选项中根据上下文意思B为正确选项。
51. F根据上下文意思此处应表达气候变化之意～因此F为正确选项。
52. L该题较为简单～表示“上个世纪全球的气温上升了1华氏”～应能迅速找出答案。 53. I 显然ice 与melt 搭配～因此I为正确选项。
54. K此处应填入一个现在分词～表示“海岸受到侵蚀”～因此应选K。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in156
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Yangshuo New Start English College 55. N该题较为简单～应填入一个复数名词～所以填入N项。
56. D因为the rest of 为固定搭配。
第三章 Cloze答案与解析
Test 1
本文介绍很多博物馆正在筹办扩建的计划。尽管影响扩建行为的因素有很多～但主要的、共同的因素还是空间问题。没有足够的空间～博物馆就会失去扩充收藏品的机会。有时还不得不减少或者出售一些收藏品。
1( C 空格处缺少programs的定语～阅读全文得知很多博物馆正关注着这些大规模的扩建计划～此处使用expand的名词形式做定语。表内容。
2(、A 空格处缺少副词做状语。通过第一段纽约市的例子得知。博物馆扩建规模较大～因此大大改变了博物馆的正面和侧面平面图。radically意为‚根本上～大大地?～符合题意。unnoticeably意为‚不显著地?～unassumingly意为‚谦逊地?(与modestly同义。
3( C 通过选项得知此题考查expected在句子中的语态。句子的主语为these programs～排除B)和D)～be expected to do意为‚有望做某事?～扩建计划大大改变了博物馆的正面和侧面平面图。或者有望在不远的将来会如此。
4(B～ 空格处缺少谓语动词的过去分词形式。作者以纽约市为例说明几家大的机构向空中扩建～spread
意为‚面积的延伸?～符合题意。scatter意为‚分散?～establish为及物动词～后面需接直接宾语～increase
意为‚数量的增多?～均不符题意。
5(C( 本题考查固定搭配～the reason for sth(。D)的迷惑性较强～为考生常犯错误～但是why后应该引导句子～此处空格后为名词短语～故答案为C)。
6( A～ 空格位于不定冠词后～缺少名词。扩建行为的原因是很复杂的～但其中一个因素是共同的～那就是空间问题(consideration意为‚考虑?～thinking意为‚想法?～measurement意为‚测量、尺度?～calculation
意为‚计算?。
7(B 通过选项得知本题考查increase在句子中的形式。空格处为with +n(+-v-ing,ed结构～做句
子的伴随状语～意为‘‘随着博物馆藏品逐年增加?～collections与increase为主动逻辑关系～故答案为B)。
8(D～ 空格处缺少名词。主语为space～不能等同于phenomenon和value～commodity意为‚日用品?～‚随着收藏品逐年增加～博物馆的需求和功能改变～空间成了人们的日常需求品?。development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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treasure意为‚珍宝?～与precious重复。
9(B 空格处缺少句子主语。作者以费城艺术馆为例说明空间成了人们的日常需求品～所以世界上没有任何一个地方像费城美术馆那样(缺乏空间)。somewhere意为‚在某处?～anywhere意为‚无论何处?～wherever意为‚无论在哪里?～故答案为B)。另外～根据句子的倒装结构也可判断答案。
10(C、 空格处缺少形容词做space的定语。世界上没有任何一个地方像费城美术馆那样(多年来缺乏空间～最后一次整修还是在十年之前。excessive意为‚过多的?(extreme意为‚极端的?～unnecessary意为‚不必要的～多余的?～皆为贬义词。additional意为‚另外的?。
11( A～ 空格处缺少形容词作facelift的定语。facelift意为‚房屋整修?。noticeable～evident(visible的意思都是‚明显的?～significant意为‚重要的、重大的?。费城美术馆最后一次大的整修是在十年之前。
12(D、 空格处缺少become的表语。根据题意(由于缺乏空间～美术馆对艺术品捐赠物采取谨慎的态度。careful意为‚认真的?～wary意为‚机警的?～distrustful意为‚不信任的?。
13(A～ 本题考查固定搭配。of体现donations的性质内容。
14(C～ 空格处缺少谓语动词。美术馆对艺术品捐赠采取谨慎的态度～这样会失去扩充收藏品的机会。strengthen意为‚增强～扩充?。purchase意为‚购买?～order意为‚订购?～select意为‚挑选?。
15(D～ 由于空间问题博物馆只好减少或出售一些收藏品。take on意为‚呈现?。本题迷惑选项为A)～attach importance to意为‚重视?～后接宾语。invest意为‚投资?～demonstrate意为‚示范～证明?～与importance不能搭配。
16(B～ 空格处缺少状语。通过上题得知～由于空间问题博物馆只好减少或出售一些收藏品。馆长不得不重新安排画廊～and表并列关系～所以空格处需要副词～意义表肯定。gradually意为‚逐渐地?～regularly表‚规则地?～故答案为B)。
17(A～ 空格处缺少名词。根据句子后半部分warehouse得知～由于缺少空间(馆长只好把一件艺术品投入公众的视线中～把另一件存放于仓库中。view在句中意为‚视线”, performance意为‚表演?～appreciation意为‚欣赏?～access意为‚入口?。
18(C 本题考查store的词性。be sent to后面可接动词原形和名词两种形式。如接动词～masterpiece和store为被动关系～需用to be stored。本题后接名词形式storage～表目的。storeroom意为‚储藏室?～与warehouse重复。
19(C～ 空格处缺少介词(空格处的句子提到博物馆需要额外的画廊和储藏室～但是博物馆在15年内没有打破这个束缚的计划～所以选项C)despite‚尽管?符合题意。
20. B. 空格处缺少名词作介词of的宾语。Break out of 意为‚摆脱?。Enclosure 意为‚围栏?～ envelope 意为‚封袋?～ sphere意为‚球体、领域?～territory意为‚领土?。故答案为B～引申为‚束缚?。
Test 2
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in158
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Yangshuo New Start English College
本文介绍了语言这种工具。对人类来说～语言是一种拓展知识的工具～语言学家认为～进化使人类拥有天生的语言能力～但是语言也不能自身发展～儿童学习语言比较容易～但是一旦脱离了人类社会～也无法掌握语言。
1. B. 空格处缺少谓语动词。根据句意得知～人类像新生儿一样不能使用语言应该是刚刚进化的时候。根据第二段第一句evolution也可得出答案。Evolve意为‚进化?～generate意为‚导致、引起～生成光、热?～born意为‚天生的?～originate意为‚起源、发生?。
2. A. 空格处缺少定语。文章第一句提到～人类把语言当做一种拓宽知识的方式～所以语言对人类来讲应该是valuable,有用的,工具。Appropriate意为‚合适的?～convenient意为‚方便的?,favorite意为 ‚最喜爱的?。
3. A. 根据选项得知空格处缺少名词～且与后面的cultural growth在意义上并列。Attainments意为‚成就?～feasibility意为‚可能性?～entertainments意为‚娱乐?～evolution意为‚进化?。Attainments符合题意。
4. D. 空格处缺少表语形容词～且能与for搭配。 Essential意为‚基本的?～后接介词to; available 意为‚可得到的～可利用的?～后不接介词,reliable意为‚可靠的?～不能与for搭配,be responsible for意为‚对……负责的?。
5. C. 空格处缺少动词～后接that 引导的从句。句中they 指上句的主语many linguists。根据句意～人类高度进化的大脑使得我们具有天生的语言能力～这是语言学家所持的观点。Confirm意为‚确认?～inform意为‚通知?～claim意为‚声称?～convince意为‚使相信?。
6. D. 本题考查固定搭配provide sb with sth. 向某人提供某物。
7. B. 空格处缺少名词。 Organizations意为‚组织?～organisms意为‚有机体?。语言学家认为～天生的语言能力是人类所具有的～不存在于低等有机体当中。
8. A. 空格处缺少名词。Potential意为‚潜力?～performance意为‚表现?～preference意为‚偏爱?～passion意为‚热情?。天赋学说的支持者们认为～人类的语言能力是与生俱来的。
9. A. 空格处缺少介词。语言与人类童年时期大脑发育的一种官能是对等的关系。As意为‚作为?～just意为‚正如?～like意为‚像?。
10. B. 空格处缺少形容词做定语。 ideological意为‚意识形态的?～biological意为‚生物的～生理的?～social意为‚社会的?～psychological意为‚心理的?。语言本身发展是缓慢的～经过几个重要的生理周期。
11. A. 空格处缺少名词。Review意为‚复习、评论?～reference意为‚涉及、参考?～reaction意为‚反应?～recommendation意为‚推荐?。根据句意～虽然目前对天赋论的评论是多种多样的～但是支持的观点是无可否认的。
12. C. 空格处缺少状语。In a word 意为‚一句话?～用来总结上述观点。In a sense意为‚在某种意义上?～indeed意为‚确实?～用来进一步说明上述观点。in other words意为‚换句话说?～用来解释上述观点。根据句意～很多人支持天赋论～越来越多的学校发现～最好在低年级开始教授development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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外语。后者是对前者的进一步解释说明。
13(D～空格处缺少形容词作定语(空格后一句提到young children学习外语的例子可以得出低年级学外语比较容易。
14(B～根据选项可知～空格处考查固定搭配be + p.p(+to结构。revealed意为‚显露?,后不接介词,exposed后接介词to～意为‚暴露于?,engaged后接介词in～意为‚忙于?,involved后接介词in～意为‚卷入?。 ’
15(C～空格位于定冠词之后缺少名词。regulations意为‚规章制度?～formations意为‚形成?～rules意为 “规则?～constitutions意为‚章程～构造?。根据句意～儿童能够学会周围的几种外语～而成人学习外语比较难是因为母语的规则在他们头脑中根深蒂固了。
16(A(空格处缺少连词。根据句意～毫无疑问语言的某些方面是天生的(但它不能像真空一样自我发展。前后为转折的逻辑关系～故答案为A)。
17(D～空格处缺少表语形容词(distinguished意为‚卓越的?～protected意为‚保护的?～isolated意为‚隔离的?。根据句意～语言不能自我发展～假如儿童与其他人隔离开来将不能掌握语言。
18(D. 空格处缺少名词。exposition意为‚暴露?。comparison意为‚对比?～contrast意为‚对照?～interaction意为‚交互作用?。根据句意～假如儿童远离其他人将不能掌握语言～这说明～在语言的发展过程中～儿童与其他人的相互影响是很有必要的。
19(A～空格处缺少名词(acquisition意为‚获得?～appreciation意为‚感激～欣赏?～requirement意为‚要求?～alternative意为‚可供选择的办法?。根据句意～交互活动对语言的获得作用要比人类其他本能更重要。
20(C～空格处缺少状语。根据句意～理论学家把学习语言看做是需要模仿的和后天学习的行为。儿童通过模仿父母学会语言。二者是对等的关系。
Test 3
本文介绍了美国知名作家赛珍珠及其文学作品的特点和成就(赛珍珠是一个多产的作家～她的一生和其作品的贡献成为中西方文化交流的桥梁。
1(A. 空格处缺少名词(figures意为‚人物～角色?。强调抽象意义。根据句意～Pearl S. Buck (赛珍珠)是美国文学史上最受欢迎的作家之一。
2(B. 空格处缺少谓语动词与宾语award搭配。obtain意为‚获得?～achieve意为‚完成～达到?。获得奖项通常用动词win或者earn。
3(B. 空格处缺少名词。achievement意为‚成就?～recognition意为‚认可?～contribution意为‚贡献?～creation意为‚创作?。根据句意。赛珍珠获得了诺贝尔文学奖～这是对文学创作最具声望的认可形式。
4(A. 本题考查固定搭配。Nobel Prize for Literature诺贝尔文学奖。
5. D. 空格处缺少形容词修饰名词word。familiarized意为‚变熟悉的?～recognizable意为‚认可的?～mysterious意为‚神秘的?～household意为‚家庭的?。根据句意～赛珍珠成为一个
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in160
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Yangshuo New Start English College
家喻户晓的名字。
6( A. 空格处缺少名词。output意为‚输出?～conception意为‚概念?～invention意为‚发明?～productivity意为‚生产力?。根据句意(赛珍珠成为一个家喻户晓的名字是因为其多产文学作品。故答案为A)。
7(B. 本题考查publish在句中的形式～空格处缺少形容词做定语。works与publish是被动的逻辑关系～故答案为B)。
8(D. 本题考查wait与await的用法。根据句意～在赛珍珠80岁的时候～25卷书正待出版。空格前有助动词were～所以排除B)和C)。awaiting意为‚等待?～相当于waiting for。
9( A. 本题考查动词set与介词的搭配。set in意为‚放在某处?～set aside意为‚留出?～set up意为‚建立?。set off意为‚出发?。根据句意～她很多等待出版的书都留在中国。
10(B. 空格处缺少谓语动词(与介词as搭配。act as和serve as皆意为‚作为?～但是serve as强调‚服务?。根据句意～赛珍珠的一生和其作品的贡献在于成为中西方文化交流的桥梁。
11. C. 空格位于定冠词之后缺少名词～做become的表语。outcome意为‚结果?～mixture意为‚混合物?～product意力‚产物?～combination意为‚组合?。根据句意～赛珍珠是中西文化的产物。
12(D. 空格处缺少动词。term意为‚把……称作?～与call同义。describe意为‚描述?。根据句意～赛珍珠是中西文化的产物～她把自己称为‚精神上的双焦点?。但‚精神上的双焦点’’不是一个名称～不能用动词call～这里应注意中西文化用语区别。
13(B. 空格处缺少名词。background意为‚背景?。setting意为‚场景?。根据句意。赛珍珠的中西文化背景是独特的。
14(C. 本题考查interest的形式。空格位于副词之后名词之前～缺少形容问修饰名词human being。disinterest意为‚公正无私的?。
15( A( 空格谓语助动词be之后that之前～缺少表语。be aware意为‚意识到?～be conscious意为‚有意识的?～be mindful意为‚留心的?～responsive意为‚做出响应的?。根据句意～我们不得不(cannot help but)意识到我们实际上面对着三个独立的角色。 (
16(B. 空格位于助动词be之后(缺少表语。deal意为‚应付?～后接介词with。analyze意为‚分析?～distinguish意为‚区别?。根据句意～当我们阅读赛珍珠的作品时(实际上是面对着三个独立的角色。
17(C. 本题考查动词learn与介词的搭配。learn from意为‚向……学习?～learn of不存在～learn about
意为‚了解?。根据题意～如果不了解三个角色中的任何一个就不能真正了解赛珍珠。
18(D. 本题考查honor的形式(honor意为‚荣誉?～honorable意为‚光荣的?～honored意为‚被给予荣誉的?。空格位于连词though之后～从句省略主谓～故空格为从句的表语～主语为主句主语Pearl Buck。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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19(B. 空格位于不定冠词之后名词之前～缺少形容词做定语。comprehensive意为‚全面的?～total意为‚整个的～完全的?～complete意为‚完全的?～genuine意为‚真正的?。根据句意～答案为B)(
20(D. 空格位于形容词之后介词之前～缺少名词。topic意为‚话题～主题?～theme意为‚主题?～subject意为‚学科～对象?。根据题意～赛珍珠作为一个完整的人～不仅是一个著名的作家～还是一个有趣的研究对象。
Test 4
本文介绍了出国旅行需要的4个基本条件:所熟悉的、舒适的交通工具～熟知那个国家的语言和银行系统～了解那个国家人们生活的习俗习惯～有个好的伴侣。如果缺少了这几个条件～旅行会变得很糟糕。一个去异国留学的学生～面对种种陌生的体验时～他肯定会感到很糟糕的。
1(A A)enjoyable意为giving you pleasure and satisfaction‚令人愉悦的～有乐趣的?～符合上下文。B) amusing‚有趣的?～C)happy “快乐的?～D)favorable‚有利的～讨人喜欢的?放在此处均不恰当。
2( A. include意为‚包括?～exclude意为‚排除～阻止?～conclude意为‚下结论?～contain意为‚含有～容纳?。此处显然指包括以下的四个方面～故答案为A) include。
3(D(awareness意为‚觉悟?～后面搭配介词of～因此不符合题意,understanding后面也是搭配介词of,而interest后面搭配介词in,familiarity意为‚熟悉～熟悉度?～后面搭配介词with～符合题意。
4(B. 此处是说要使旅途愉快～需要有很好的旅伴～句中companions意为‚persons who accompany or associate with another (同伴、伙伴)?～是可数名词,company也可以表示‚伙伴～来往的人?。但这是一个集体名词～表示‚伙伴?的总称。因此B)项符合题意。
5( A. 这句话是说‚我们都有过这么美好的旅行经历?～介词like表示‚如同～像……一样?,而as作为介词意为‚作为～身为?,介词towards和for分别表示方向和目标(不符合题意。
6(【A】 memory意为"something that is remembered'’～即‚记忆～回忆?,B)impression表示‚印象?～与选项C)‚意见?和D)‚照片?都不符合此处的题意。
7( A. ‚would like'’是一个固定的词组搭配～意为want‚想要……?～属于比较客气的说法。
8(C. travel表示‚去较远的地方或去国外的旅行?,trip指短途的尤指为了享乐而进行的旅游,tour是指去一个个地方访问～旅游一圈,(visit指‚拜访?。结合上下文～C)travel符合文意～为正确答案。
9(D. 结合上下文～从第一段看～上面列举了四个好的条件～因此选用listed “被列举出的?最符合题意。A)outlined‚被概括的?～B)talked‚被谈论的?～C)discussed‚被讨论的?均没有D)恰当(
10(B(根据上下文～这句话是说～‚如果以上四个好的条件不具备(存在)～则整个旅行很可能会很糟糕?。A)impossibly‚不可能地?显然与原文意思相悖,C)completely‚完全地?太过绝对,
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in162
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College D) partly‚部分地?放在文中意思不通～故应选B)probably(‚很可能地?。
11(A. 句中one代替了experience一词～避免了重复～而a没有此功能,this和that前均不能加修饰语～故A)项正确。
12(A. inspect “视察’’显然不合题意～故排除,看到下文‚学生要从机场找到去学校所在城市的路?。该题的答案便显而易见了～此处是说‚去国外学习的学生?～故选A)(
13(D(根据上文可知～‚去另外一个国家学习的学生在旅途中通常会遇到困难?～下文便列举了他们所面临的困难的种种具体形式～‚通常独自出行?是其中之一(A)hardly‚几乎不?～B)rarely‚很少地?～C) particularly‚特别地?均与文意不符～故选D)。
14(A. yet用于否定句中表示‚up to the present time”, 同否定形式连起来表示‚到目前为止尚不……?～C)项用于否定句时～则前句也应为否定～意为‚也不?,而B)与D)两项一般不与否定形式连用～故正确答案为A)。
15(B. 由句中‚到达新的国家?可知对应的是‚在一个大的国际机场?～故选international‘‘国际的?,A) national‚国家的～民族的?,C)domestic‚国内的?,D)local‚当地的?均与文意不符。
16(D. ‚find one?s way to…?意为‚找到,认得去……的路?～是一个固定的习惯表达。
17. D(由上句‚学生需要找到从机场到学校所在城市的路?可推测出‚或许他们要换乘飞机?(该短语的表达为‚change airplanes?～而非‚alter airplanes?～故选D)。
18(A. where在此引导了一个定语从句。指代前面的in a country～是说在对一切都不熟知的一个国家～他们要经历上述的种种行为。
19. C( 此题考查的是情态动词的用法。‚后来～在完成了上述所有这些行为后～他们或许会笑起来。?这句话表达的是一种不确定的推测～所以用may合适。
20. C. “at the time”是固定搭配～表示‚在当时?(是说‚在经历种种陌生的体验时～他们肯定会感觉很糟糕?。
Test 5
本文介绍了‚Geography?这个词的来历,地理学研究的分支:自然地理学、人文地理学及其研究内容以及地理学家的工作特点。
1. B. 此处应填入一个形容词～该处用动词compare and contrast(比较和对比)支配places,说明应该是不同的地方～故填various。
2. C. 此句转折～由前面的研究不同的领域转为可能超出各自研究的领域～go beyond是固定搭配(意为‚超出～超越?。
3. A. ‚把……看做一个整体?～应表达为consider sth(as a whole～由上文可知此处的意思是‚把地球看做一个整体?。
4(C. 从语法结构上(此处必须填入关系词～而且中间又出现了逗号～由此可知此句为非限制性定语从句～而选项中只有which可引导非限制性定语从句。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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5(A. 由下文的others可知此处应为some。
6(D. like在这里是介词～表示‚像?～引出介词短语,修饰前面的small area～故应选like。
7. B. entire是‚整个的～全部的?～修饰后面的名词～意为‚整个大陆”。A)extensive是‚广泛的～大量的?,C)overall是‚全面的～综合的?D)enormous是‚巨大的～庞大的?。
8(A. 由上下文可知此处应为‚方法?的意思～way为‚方式～方法?,means表示做具体事,带来具体结果的 “方式～办法?～而C)和D)项则不符合题意。
9(C. 由下文physical geography and cultural geography可知此处应填入geography。
lO(A. focus on…是固定搭配。意为‚集中于……?～同义词组为"concentrate on…?。
11(D. 此处与前面的the former构成并列关系～应填人the latter‚后者?。
12. B(由and把空格处要填入的词与starts构成并列关系～而A)learn意为‚有目的地学习～获得某种技能?～B)study则为‚研究?的意思～而C)和D)项不合题意～由全文可知地理学家主要是研究……～而不是学习……～故应选B)项(并且starts为单数形式～作为and构成的并列结构～study也应为studies形式。
13(A. act upon ( on)…是固定用法～意为‚对……起作用?～由句中how human beings and
their environment可知后面应填入与act连用表示‚彼此相互作用?之意的词。
14(A. 先从本句的语法结构上看～A)neither和C)one均符合句法要求～而B)either用于否定句,D)each 不与thc other搭配～但从上下文的意义看:地理学有许多分支～可以从不同的角度去研究～但是(注意本句的转折词But)～地理学作为一门学科～其下任何一个分支都不可能忽略另一分支的存在～A)neither更符合上下文的逻辑意义。
15(C. be described as可以作为固定搭配～意为‚把……说成……?。常用的类似结构还有be seen,regarded/treated,thought of,looked upon,imagined等。
16(C(根据常识和文中的说明可知地理学家的工作特点就是观察、记录、解释地区间的不同之处～而且difference后常跟between…的形式。另外～下一句话也暗示此处应填differences。
17(D. 此处应填入一个形容词～C)liking ‚喜爱～爱好?是名词～可排除,A)likely‚可能的?,B)likeable‚可爱的?与题意不符～D)alike‚相像的?与句意‚如果所有的地方都是相似的?相符。
18(D(however在句中作插入成分～可不管它～整句话可直接为we know no two places are
exactly the same～其中no…the same是完整的一句话～know又是谓语～故前应加that作引导词～引导宾语从句。
19(B. 由上下文可知这句话为总结句～Geography is a point of view是一句完整的话～故中间应填入一个副词～B)then‚于是?～A)still‚仍然?～C)nevertheless‚然而?～D)moreover(‚而且?～A)、C)、D)均不合题意～故选B)。
20(B. a special way of doing sth(是一种固定用法。A) work at…‚工作……?～C)arrive at…‚到达…” D)get at"指责～数落,获知?等(B)look at…‚考察……?(故B)项符合题意。 Test 6
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in164
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
本文介绍了职业转换专家格雷戈(泰勒提出的一些对于辞职可能造成的情感问题的建议:如何写辞职信～如何与老板商谈离职一事等。
1(A. 该句大意为‚如果你准备跳槽并找一份令自己更加有成就感的工作。职业转换专家格雷戈(泰勒提出了一些建议来帮你应对辞职可能造成的情感方面的问题?～此处应该选择引导条件状语从句的连接 词if。其他选项分别引导原因、时间和让步状语从句～逻辑关系明显不对。
2(C. 从下文可知～专家所提供的是‚指点、忠告?～而不是A)plans‚计划?～B)warnings‚警告?或者D) comments‚评论?。
3(D. 根据前文中的move forward and find a more fulfilling job可知～专家提供的是关于‚离职?的指点～而不是A)finding‚找工作?～B)improving‚改进工作?或者C)finishing‚完成工作?。
4( A. 这里的to the point是一个固定搭配～意为‚中肯的～切中要害的?～常用于短语keep to the point。
5(B. 此处意为‚表达你对……的感激?～A)process‚过程?～C)choice‚选择?～D)resignation‚辞职?此处均不合适～只有选项B)‚经历?符合句意～指的是在原工作单位的经历。
6(B. 这一段介绍写辞职信的时候应该注意的事项。第一句就提到要简明扼要～最后一句还是说要尽可能地简单而低调～所以应该选择B)～意为‚你无须告知太多?。
7(D. 此句是说从递交辞职信开始的时间～应选择动词词组hand in‚递交?。fill in “填写?～end in ‚以……结束?和take in‚吸收?放在此处均不符合文意。
8(C. 前一句讲的是不要告诉别人细节～本句提出了另一条建议:要完成手头的工作。两句间应该是并列关系～所以用also。其他选项分别表示递进、因果和转折关系～与句意不相符。
9(A. B)form‚表格?～C)scheme‚计划?和D)report‚报告?都过于具体～文章中并没有指明是哪项具体的工作～所以用A)‚项目?来泛指手头上正在做的工作是最为合适的(
10。B. 离职之前完成手头上的工作对任何人而言都是一种礼貌和常识～故选择B)manners～选项A) deeds‚行为?～C) intentions‚目的?和D)relations‚关系?均不符合文意。
11( A. 这部分的大意是‚尤其是你打算获得推荐信的话?～选择especially表示一种递进的情况。选项B) specifically‚具体地?～C)finally‚最终地?和D)surely‚必然地?放在此处均不符合上下文(
12(D. 此句是说离职前应休完剩余的假期～而A)relaxing‚令人放松的?～B)rewarding‘‘有回报的’’或者C)refreshing‚令人耳目一新的?放在此处和vacation搭配均不符合文意。
13(A. 本段主要介绍选择与老板商谈离职一事的时间和地点～由句中的location可轻易推出应选择A) Timing‚时间～时机?。B)Date‚日期～日子?(指的是特定的时间～C)Period‚一段时间～时期?～D) Chance‚机会?放在此处均不如A)项合适。
14(D. break the news意为‚透露消息?。选项A)silence‚沉默?～B)record “记录”和C)promise‚承诺?放在此处均与上下文不相符。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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15( A. 前一句话提到在会议室和老板谈离职一事～这是一个相对中立的环境～与选项 B) attitude ‚态度?～C)position‚立场?和D)opinion‚观点?无关。
16(B. 该句是说中立的环境将使离职者有更好的机会以控制老板的反应。选择中立的会议室来谈话是为了避免老板过激的反应～故选择B)‚控制?。A)predicting‚预测?～C)observing ‚观察?～D) under- standing‚理解?放在此处和文意不符。
17(A. 员工突然辞职对老板而言是个意外～所以选择在一周之初的上午告知可以给老板时间对此事作出反应。选项B)escape‚逃避?(C)select‚选择?和D)benefit‚受益?显然都不符合句意。
18(C. 最后一句话的意思是说:离职者的雇主可能不会对你的离去感到高兴～但是他们会感谢你给他们留出充裕的时间来寻找接替你的人～或者有足够的时间让你来协助培训新人。所以正确答案是C)‚高兴的?。
19(D. 此句是说离职者的原单位会因离职者充分的告知而感激～故选D)appreciate。而选项A)enjoy ‚喜欢?～B)regret‚后悔?和C)resent‚憎恨?均与文意不符。
20(C. 此句是说原单位将寻找他人接替离职者。选项C)replacement‚接替’’符合文意。而选项A)consideration‚考虑?～B)promotion‚提拔?和D)motivation‚动机?均与句意不相符。 Test 7
本文讲述声音对人类的意义～人们总是尽力发出声音来避免可怕的沉寂。虽然大部分谈话没有实际意义～甚至被其他人认为是无聊的嗡嗡声～但是人们还是想加入谈话来证明自己是一个人～而不是物品。当然也不是所有的谈话都是没有意义的～有些谈话也能够引起思想的共鸣。
1. A. 短语end in为固定搭配～意为‚以…结束?。该句意思是‚人的一生在啼哭中开始～在静寂中结束?～在句中begins对应的应为ends‚结束?～故选项A,为正确答案。B)finishes ‚完成?～C) consumers “消费、消耗”～D) renews‚使获得新生～更新?放在此处均不符合文意。
2. B. 该句意思是在人从生到死之间的整个中间阶段～只有B) interval ‚间歇、间隙?符合此意。A) interpretation “解释”～C,process‚过程?～D,life‚生命?均不符合上下文。
3. D. 此句话从正反两个方面论述了声音的存在对于人类的重要性:前半句表明人类在一生中总是在尽力要发出声音～而后半句指出很少有事物能够像沉寂,the absence of noise,一样引起人类的恐惧。故D)absence ‚缺席～不存在?为正确答案。A,disturbance‚动乱、喧嚣?B) avoidance ‚避免?C) presence ‚出席、到场?放在此处均与文意不符。
4. C. 此句话的意思是‚在很大程度上人类谈话就是想竭力避免可怕的沉寂?。In great measure意为‚在很大程度上、多半?。由此可见～C,prevent‚阻止、阻碍?是正确答案。A,cause‚使产生、使发生?B,make‚创造、引起?D,forbid‚禁止、不许?均与文意不符。
5. D. 这句话的意思是‚在一个人被介绍认识他人时～如果在交谈过程中出现多次中断～则此种情况会令他感觉自己很失败?。A)interruptions‚打断?是指被迫中止～B,mistakes‚错误?与文意无关～C,intervals‚间歇、暂停?～D) pauses‚暂停?指的是声响的暂时中止～符合此处文意。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in166
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
6. A. 该句是说因多次交谈中断而感觉失败时～谈话者会嫉妒那些哪怕是毫无思想的话匣子。故选项A)envy‚嫉妒?正确。B) hatred憎恨～C,love热爱～D,anger激怒 均与文意不符。
7. A. 这句话是说～人们明白99%的谈话不过是像苍蝇的嗡嗡声一样没有意义～但是他还是想加入这种谈话当中。固定搭配long to‚渴望、盼望?正符合该句意思。B)thinks认为 C,dislikes不喜欢～D,agrees ‚同意?均与文意不符。
8. D. 此处是说尽管明白很多谈话毫无实际意义～但是人们还是想加入谈话～其目的是为了证明他是一个人～而非没有生命的蜡制品。选项A,mean意味着～B,find发现～C,say说 都不符句意。
9. B. 根据上文可知～人类很多谈话并无实际意义～可推测出该句是说‚通常人们交谈的目的并非是为了交流思想?～B)object目的、目标为正确答案。A,meaning意义～C,topic话题～D,obligation责任、义务～放在此处均与上下文不符。
10. C. 此处是说人们谈话的目的不是为了交流思想～而只是为了持续保持一种声音而已。固定搭配keep up意为‚保持、继续?～故为正确答案。Get up站起来、起床～turn up出现～take up占用、参与～放在文中均不符合文意。
11. A. 根据上下文～虽然人类的很多交谈并无意义～但是幸运的是～大部分谈话还是悦耳的。这显然是在说人们谈话的好的方面～故选A,fortunately幸运地。B) Unfortunately不幸地～C) surprisingly 令人吃惊地～D) terribly 恐怖地、可怕地 均与文意相反～故不入选。
12. C. 根据文意～人类的大部分谈话是悦耳的～并且有相当部分的谈话对思想有益～即声音并不仅是一种单纯的声响～而且还会引起思想,mind,的共鸣。选项A) mentality智力、精神～B) spirit精神、灵魂～D,belief信仰 放在此处均与文意不符。
13. C. 上文指出～人类的大部分谈话并无实际意义～如果一个人非要等到产生了明智想法之后才参与到别人的交谈中～这种做法无疑是可笑的和愚蠢的～故C,foolish可笑的、愚蠢的 为正确答案。A,sensible明智的、可觉察到的～B,insensitive粗鲁的、愚钝的～D,wise明智的均与文意不符。
14. A. 作者在此进一步表明自己的观点～他认为人们不必等到产生了睿智伟大的思想之后才开口说话～因而在他看来～那些鄙视把谈论天气作为谈话伊始的人们似乎并不了解人们之所以想要交谈的原因。Conversational opening意为‚谈话的开端、开场白?～这里指人们常常以谈论天气作为谈话的开始。B) vacancy空白、空隙～C)hole洞穴 明显不合文意～D,content内容、要旨 放在此处虽无语法错误～但结合上下文～显然A)opening最适合文意。
15. A. 结合上述对14题的分析～此处应选A)ignorant无知的。B,conscious意识到的、感觉到的～C, aware意识到的、明白的～与文意相悖～D,regardless不顾、不论 显然不合文意。
16. C. 根据上下文～这句话的意思是‚但是～很少有人参加只允许他们向别人发出无意义噪音的谈话?。即谈话者希望自己的谈话不仅仅只是发出声音～同时还要agreeable to the mind。所以～这里所需要的是一个表示转折意义的副词。选项A) therefore‚因此?表示因果关系～B) accordinglydevelopment is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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相应地 也是表示因果关系～D,furthermore‚更进一步来讲?表示递进关系～都不合文意。故选C) however。
17. D. 根据上文～可知若仅仅只是被允许制造某种声音～则大部分人会不屑于参加这种交谈。故选择D) merely只是、仅仅。A)completely完全地、绝对地～B,totally完全地～C,luckily幸运地 均不合文意。
18. A. 选项D 首先就可排除～except～in和so后面都可跟that 从句～但意思各不相同:except that除……外～in that 因为～而so that表示目的或结果是……,只有except用在这里与上下文相符。
19. D. 此处that引导的从句与前面的‚that they have seen two or three new plays?同为介词except的宾语。
20. B. at length是一个固定搭配～意为‚详细地、充分地?～这句话的意思是‚晚会结束的时候～他们因自己的喋喋不休地谈论无聊的事情而庆祝自己是成功的交谈者?。
Test 8
本文介绍了40位地质学家通过研究分析火星图片和机器人探测到的科学信息所得出的看法:火星不同于之前所认为的地形同月亮一样简单～相反它的地表地形多种多样～地质活动频繁～并且火星上可能有冰的存在～但是探测器没有发现生命存在的迹象。
1. A. expect sb. to do sth.指‚期待某人做某事?～常常用于被动语态～最符合本题题意。C,require sb. to do sth.意思是‚命令某人做某事?～是正式用语～若用在这里显得语气过重～D,be eager to do指‚渴望做某事?～不符合句意～B,hope 指‚希望?～但是它不能用于宾语+不定式做宾补的格式～故A正确。
2. B. plenty of是固定词组～指‚足够的、大量的?～后面接不可数名词或者可数名词的复数形式～A) plenty to后接动词原形～实际上是不定式做定语修饰Plenty, C) plenty more是固定词组～意思是‚还有许多?～但它所接名词如果在前面已出现过～则plenty more后面不应再重复～D,plenty in不是固定搭配。
3. A. B) opening主要指‚职位空缺～有利的环境?～C,occasion指‚社交上从事某活动的合适时机?～A)chance和D,opportunities均指‚做某事而必需的实际环境?～但chance还表示‚可能性的程度?～故最佳选择为A,。
4. C. 四个选项中～只有C,much可用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级～表示比较的程度。
5. B. geologists地质学家～A)biologists生物学家～C,sociologists社会学家～D,psychologists心理学家～根据上下文。研究火星的应该是地质学家。
6. D. lots of 和quantities of均是‚许多的、大量的?～但是用在这里不如thousands of,许许多多的～成千上万的,更形象具体～更加能够表达‚极多、相当多?的意思～故选D。
7. D. 尽管information和intelligence都有‚消息、情报?的意思～且都是不可数名词～但科技情况或消息通常用scientific and technological information表达～而市场信息、军事情报等多用intelligence表示～本题句意为:这是40位地质学家的看法～他们一直在分析成千上万的火星
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in168
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Yangshuo New Start English College 图片和六、七十年代机器人探测到的科学信息。
8. C. 根据上下文～这一段主要讲了科学家们起初以为火星上的地形同月球上一样单一而缺少变化～但实际上火星表面地形多种多样～地质运动相当活跃～lifeless意为‚死气沉沉的、枯燥乏味的?～且与第二段的life形成对照～最符合文章内容。
9. A. 这是一道判断推理题～据前文的dust storms和very sandy～可推知这里应选一个表‚较荒凉、多风沙?的词～因此～答案为A)desert ‚沙漠?。
10. D. mighty在这里指‚强有力的～强大的?～相当于powerful～用来修饰glaciers,冰河,～意指‚水流的强大冲击力?。A,energetic精力旺盛的～B)great伟大的、巨大的～C,massive重大的、大块的、常含有‚沉重而坚硬?的意思。
11. C. analysis分析、分解～是可数名词～是英语中的外来词～它的复数形式是analyses～A,diagnosis诊断、判断～多用于诊断疾病～其复数形式是diagnoses～B,syntheses是synthesis的复数形式～意为‚综合?。从文章内容来看～最符合题意的是C。
12. A. convinced‚使相信,说服,信服?～I am convinced…意为‚我被说服相信……?～B)guarantee和C,believe一般不用于被动语态～D,proved与文意不搭配～不能说‚我被证明……?。
13. C,在这里～form指‚形态、物体存在的方式?。题意为:任何表面水都将以冰的形式存在。其他三个词:A)appearance外表、外观～B,mould铸模、模子～D,shape外形、形状～与句意都不吻合。
14. B. save sb. from doing sth.是固定搭配的动词短语～意为‚省去,某人的劳力,?～from可以省略。原文中在explores后面省略了from～句意为:……它却可能使探险家们省的自己带那么多的水～动词carry是及物动词～不与不定式to take搭配～且语意上与take重复～也可排除D选项。因此～答案为B～意为‚不得不?。
15. A. 解这道题的关键在于理解句子的意思。联系上下文。可看出该句意为:由于火星上可能有冰的存在～所以宇航员便不必携带大量的淡水了。因此～这道题的答案为water。
16. D. say作及物动词讲时～后面可接由从属连词that引导的宾语从句～本句需填一个从属连词引导宾语从句～ B,if的主句谓语动词多是ask, don?t know, doubt等～一般不为say。A)项what不是从属连词,C)项how是副词～表方式、方法等～因此～D,是唯一选择。
17. B. in ages past是固定搭配～‚很久以前、在过去?。又比如in time past指‚好久以前、在过去?。Past在这里做形容词。
18. B. no作‚没有、全无?讲时是形容词～既可用在单数前面～又可用在复数前面～且可用在句首。A,not是副词～后接可数名词时要用not a; C,nor是连词～常与neither连用～不能用在名词前作定语,D,never是副词～用在句首～加强语气～但句子应用倒装形式。
19. A. 联系上下文可知～此句意为在火星上软着陆的仪器没有发现令人信服的生命存在的迹象～因此选A,detect‚发现、察觉?。
20. D. although在这里引导状语从句～意为‚尽管、虽然?～该句意为:……尽管只有接近着陆工具development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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附近的区域才能被检查到。
翻译 答案
1. whether (it is) heated or not考点:让步状语从句与被动语态
2. did he charge me too much/did he overcharge me考点:not only臵于句首时～其后从句要
进行倒装
3. compared with mine/in comparison with mine考点:‚与…相比?表达法
4. half as much (money) 考点:英语比较结构原级比较一般用 as … as ; not as … as ; the same …
as ; 特殊结构 A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 难点
结构:as+adj.+n.+as分句 和 as much/many + 名词+ as 分句
5. to attribute their children?s success to考点:be likely to do; attribute sth to sb/sth 6. with the quick pace of life考点:介词结构作状语,另外需注意with复合结构作独立主格表
伴随时的用法: with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
7. becomes heavier and heavier/ is increasingly heavy考点:heavy traffic这一搭配方法～‚日
益?的表达法
8. plays an important role/part in考点:‚起作用?的表达法
9. fall into bad habits考点:固定词组的翻译,另需主义本句比较结构的用法
10. he faces it with patience难点:逐字翻译时主句中face宾语it容易漏掉
11. Weather permitting/If weather permits考点:独立主格～或条件句均可。另外此处为'天气
允许'～表主动～应用现在分词。常见的独立主格结构有如下几种: 1. 名词/主格代词+现在分
词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如: The girl staring at him (= As the girl
stared at him), he didn?t know what to say. 2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与
过去分词之间的动宾关系。如: The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the
quality has been improved. 3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关
系～且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如: He is going to make a model plane, some old parts
to help. 4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如:An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.
5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如:He put on his sweater wrong side out. 6. 名词/主格代词+介词
短语。如:The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 7. There being +名词,代词,如:
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 8. It being +名词,代词,如:It being
Christmas, the government offices were closed. 12. Although there was a flood/In spite of the flood考点:让步状语结构
13. failure is the mother of success考点:宾语从句中～当主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时
的时候～其宾语从句的时态一般要用任一适当的过去时态。若表达的内容是议论或常识、真理
时～用现在时。
14. nor did she ever lose her temper考点:so, neither, nor表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒
装
15. but they insisted on finishing the work考点:insist on doing
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in170
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Yangshuo New Start English College 16. I got confused考点:时态
17. Having been told by the doctor to stop smoking考点:非谓语结构以及被动语态。现在分词～
过去分词～不定式叫做非谓语结构～即有动词的意思包含在内但在句中不做谓语 18. a tourist will have to pass through the customs考点:‚通过?‚海关? 19. people who watch TV incessantly may become overly passive考点:suggest作‚显示?义
时～宾语从句不用虚拟语气
20. that the material you ordered are out of stock考点:宾语从句,‚缺货? 21. which contributed to the great success in his later life. 考点:非限制性定语从句--非限制
性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切, 只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思
仍然清楚(这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开, 译成汉语时, 往往译成两个分句(引导非限制
性定语从句的关系词不可省略, 无论指人、指物, 一般不用that, 要用who, whom和which( 22. the value of learning to take things as they come难点:对成分的分析～要翻译的部分核
心词是‚价值?～其它成分为修饰语
23. some government leaders abuse their authority and position考点:‚滥用? 24. keep pace with time考点:词组keep pace with
25. has aroused great attention among scientists throughout the world. 考点:现在完成时态 26. that great minds think alike考点:that引导的名词性从句作主语
27. a greater emphasis on reducing inflation考点:put/place emphasis on,比较级的用法 28. or I will punish you with some new assignments考点:‚否则?or, otherwise 29. What you have done falls far behind our great expectations考点:主语从句--作句子主语
的名词性从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that～whether～if和连接代词what～
who～which～whatever～whoever以及连接副词how～when～where～why等词引导。that
在句中无词义～只起连接作用,连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接
作用～在从句中充当从句的成分。
30. will have been closed by the time we get there考点:将来完成时--将来完成时用来表示在
将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用～
也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 构成 ,shall,will+have+动词过去
分词
31. did she expect that her way of dressing考点:英语倒装句。用于部分倒装的情况有:表
示否定意义或半否定意义的词臵于句首时。常见的有seldom, never, hardly, no not, little 等。
由 only, not until 引导的状语臵于句首时,no sooner…than, hardly…when等结构中～no
sooner 和hardly 臵于句首时～主语用部分倒装。在so/such…that 引导的结果状语从句中～
so/such引导的部分臵于句首时主句用倒装。‚so/neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语?so
与前面的肯定句呼应～nor～ neither 与后面的否定句呼应。省略if的虚拟条件句以
had/were/should 开头引起的倒装。
32. is to break them down to smaller, more easily managed problems考点:非谓语动词作表语。
不定式作表语一般表示具体动作～特别是表示将来的动作。 动名词作表语～表示抽象的一般性development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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的行为。
33. no money but not wanting anyone to know考点:非谓语动词作状语。现在分词作状语时～
现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作～它们之间的关系是主动关系。过去分词作状语时～过去
分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作～它们之间的关系是被动关系。
34. is getting on well with me考点:主谓一致。如果句子的主语是并列结构～其主谓一致问题通
常遵循以下原则:由and/both...and连接的并列结构作主语～可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词
的单、复数形式。当and连接的并列名词词组带有each～every,或者many a 等限定词时～谓
语动词通常用单数。由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接的并列结构作
主语～随后的动词形式通常按照‚就近原则?处理。当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than ,
more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构～或跟有由as well as, in addition to ,with, along
with, together with, except等引导的词组时～ 其后的动词形式取决主语的形式。 35. as suggested by the local government考点:as引导方式状语从句
36. you dealt with your own business first考点:虚拟语气。would rather后接句子时～句子谓
语习惯上要用虚拟语气～具体用法为:一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望～用过去完成时表过
去的愿望
37. has made great contributions to the health of mankind考点:现在完成时态
38. had been spreading bad gossip about her考点:宾语从句的时态
39. can one improve his reading skills and enrich his knowledge考点:倒装。以否定副词开头
并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom,
scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only等以
及only。
40. the data listed in the report be checked again carefully考点:主语从句中的虚拟语气。在
It is necessary～important～strange～natural～ advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial,
desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory,
possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ,it is a pity,It is
requested/suggested/desired/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气～即Should+
动词原形或只用动词原形。
41. an art as it is a science考点:as much as 的变体as+much(many)+名词，as 42. could have made a good salary考点:与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
43. to students? being late for考点:be used to doing,
44. ranges/varies from 50 cents to 4 dollars考点:数字表达法与‚从…不等?表达法 45. Under no circumstances should any nation考点:以否定副词开头的句子要求部分倒装 46. get everything ready考点:主语从句中的虚拟语气
47. compared with that of China考点:比较结构中比较对象的一致
48. put our heads together考点:固定表达
49. we may/might as well walk home考点:‚不妨?的表达法～另需注意主句结构it is no good doing
sth
50. is twice as expensive as it was . 考点:比较结构as+adj.+as的变体
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in172
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Yangshuo New Start English College 51. singing and dancing to their heart?s content考点:现在分词表伴随状态,‚尽情? 52. as if she knew me考点:as if引导表语从句用虚拟语气的情况。as if 后面可以接陈述语气和
虚拟语气～如果句子的情况是真实的～那么只要保持时态一致即可～如果后面接的并非真实情
况～则要按照虚拟语气规则把句子形式改变。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可
能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下:如果从句表示与现在事实相反～
谓语动词用一般过去时。从句表示与过去事实相反～谓语动词用‚had，过去分词?。 从句表示
与将来事实相反～谓语动词用‚would,could,might，动词原形?。
53. so that it could be conducted smoothly考点:so that引导目的状语从句 54. he be offended/ annoyed考点:由lest引导的从句中大部分为目的状语从句～需用虚拟语气～
表示‚以防～以免?等意思～其谓语动词多由should ，动词原形构成～should也可省略。 55. turned a deaf ear to our warnings考点:固定表达
56. as fluently as he speaks English考点:as+adj./adv.+as 57. Whether Tony will come or not考点:主语从句～即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。引导主语
从句连词有that, whether, who, what, whatever等～连词位于句首不能省略。 58. could not help laughing考点:固定表达
59. did she realize / did she become aware考点:以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装～此处not
until臵于句首时～主句须倒装,若until后本身引导有从句～该从句本身不倒装。如果上述否
定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分～不用倒装:It was not until he went abroad that he
know the truth of the fact.
60. mainly due to stress and tension in their work考点:‚由于?。引导从句与引导名词性短语时
选择恰当表达。
61. more than two and a half million families have been lifted out of poverty考点:数字表达
法
62. All the board members except the Chairman voted for my proposal考点:‚除…之外?。
besides:强调‚除此之外～还包括?。 Except:指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分。except for:
它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事。But:常可与 except互换～强调“不在其中”。 apart from,
其含义主要依据上下文而定～有时可与except换用～有时可代替besides. 63. providing new growth opportunities for China's foreign and domestic trade考点:现在进
行时态
64. This is especially true of developed countries考点:it is true of:…同样如此。 65. As long as you have drunk that brand of wine考点:as long as;现在完成时态 66. Without your help / But for your help / If it had not been for your help考点:与过去事实
相反的虚拟语气
67. is said to have been translated into more than twenty foreign languages考点:be said to
have done,被动语态
68. that their principal had come to see them / about their principal’s having coming to see
them考点:宾语从句中的时态
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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69. as is known to all考点:as 引导非限制性定语从句。as引导定语从句时～既可以引导非限制
性定语从句～也可以引导限制性定语从句。as和which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰一个句子
时的差异: as引导的定语从句的位臵十分灵活～可以臵于主句的前或后～也可以插在主句的中
间～而which引导的定语从句只能臵于主句的后面。as在指代所修饰的句子的同时～依然保留
着其作为连词的含义～有“正如～好像～像……”之义,which仅单纯地指代其所修饰的句子所体
现的含义。as 多在从句中作宾语～仅在as is known、as is reported、 as is said、 as is
announced等被动形式的定语从句中作主语,which多在从句中作主语～但当非限制性定语从
句中有宾语补足语时～which也可以作宾语如Great wrong was done to him, as anyone can see.
Betty told a lie, which her parents found strange. 70. accompanied by her mother / in company with her mother考点:过去分词表伴随状态表被
动。
71. what you have just bought考点:名词性从句作宾语
72. 80 percent of whom come from the poor areas 考点:‚介词+关系代词?。 介词后面的关系
词不能省略,that前不能有介词。 ‚介词+关系代词?前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither,
most, each, few等代词或者数词。
73. The student had published two novels 考点:时态判断
74. she felt more overjoyed than surprised 考点:more A than B 结构。用来比较两种说法的
正确程度～即前一种说法,A项,比后一种说法,B项,要正确一些～表示‚与其……不如……?。
在这个句型里～more 后不能用形容词或副词的比较级形式～而要用原级形式～此外还可用名
词、代词、动词、介词短语等。He is more good than bad.与其说他坏不如说他好。more than
或 more... than 后接从句～可表示否定意义。例如:The beauty of Hangzhou is more than
words can describe.杭州景色之美是说言所不能描述的。 That is more than I can tell you,sir.
这一点我是不能告诉你的～先生。
75. than stayed in New York考点:在两者中进行取舍～表示‚宁愿……而不愿……～与其……宁
可……?的意思时～可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型～Would(rather)
和than后都接不带to的动词不定式～若选用的动词相同～那么than 后的动词可以省略。如
果谈到过去的动作～也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时～主句一般为would
rather +从句,过去完成时,。 例 I would rather you had not done that. 如果只涉及主语本
人而不涉及另一个人～则would rather之后不接从句而接have done结构。
76. should adapt himself to the new environment考点:虚拟语气。虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾
语从句:表示与现在事实相反的愿望～谓语动词用过去式,表示过去事实相反的愿望～谓语动
词:had+v-ed,表示将来难以实现的愿望～谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形。虚拟语气用
在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中～无论主
句谓语动词为何种时态～从句的谓语动词都用:‚should + 动词原形?或只用‚动词原形?。 77. Even if the calculation is right考点:让步状语从句。让步状语从句表示:虽然～尽管～即
使等概念～由although, though,尽管～即使,, however,无论怎样,, whatever,无论什么,,
whoever,无论谁,, whomever,无论谁,, whichever,无论哪个,, whenever,无论何时,,
wherever,无论哪里,, whether,是否,, no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) ,无论……,,
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in174
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even if,即使,, even though,即使,等词引导。要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要
用倒装语序。
78. resort to violence in order to escape考点:‚借助于?to为介词
79. is considered the symbol of eternal love考点:被动语态
80. the championship would have belonged to考点:?虚拟语气～表示和过去事实相反的虚拟～
主句要使用would have done,?短语‚属于?的表达方式belong to。
81. greatly enriched English考点:?‚丰富?的表达方式为enrich,?修饰程度用副词greatly。 82. from the perspective of an adult考点:分词短语‚从…角度?的表达方式为from the
perspective of。
83. cling/stick to their traditions考点:分词短语‚坚持?的表达方式为cling/stick to。 84. only to find考点:不定式一般表目的～在表示结果时～用only to。另外注意本句时态。 85. exposed to the sun. 考点:独立主格结构。
86. a much lower price than predicted考点:比较结构变体
87. whoever violates the law考点:疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句～在主从句中要充当一定的
部分。You can choose whatever you like in the shop. 88. No sooner had he closed the door考点:no sooner... than... "一...就..." 引导时间状语从句,
主句用过去完成时,"than"后面的从句用一般过去时. No sooner ...than...常放在句首,表示强调.
这时no sooner后从句要倒装. 与这个短语类似的还有 hardly ... when 意思为:"还没...就..." 89. come up with new methods of increasing the world's food supply考点: 90. my life was worth living. 考点:本题考查be worth doing sth. 的用法～这个句式形式上是
主动的～但意义上是被动的。
91. such mistakes were done away with. 考点:It is (high) time that...接从句, 从句中应用一般
过去时。
92. but that he has been addicted to the Net for a long time. 考点:本题考查句式 not that...～
but that...(不是...,而是...。)的用法。
93. arguing with him any longer. 考点:此题考查It is no good/use + 动名词的用法～这个句式
表示"做...是没有用的。"
94. the fact that he had become a millionaire overnight. 考点:本题考的是一个语言技巧～for
后面通常不能接名词性的从句～如果接的话～要加上the fact that+同位语从句。由于只是一
个技巧～所以在翻译时不用将fact,事实,的词义译出来。
95. The more you care about your impression on others考点:the more…the more 96. had to be operated manually考点:被动语态
97. needn?t have borrowed it from the bank. 考点:与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 98. shall have left for考点:将来完成时态
99. something was done/some measures were taken考点:it is time+从句,过去式, 100. It is because she is too inexperienced考点:强调句型:‚It is,was,，被强调的部分
，that,who,，原句其它部分?。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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作文参考范文
1. 范文:
框架搭建:由标题和提纲所列内容可知～本文应为一篇图表阐释类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:
第一段根据图表简要描述近几年报考研究生人数的变化,第二段说明报考研究生人数发生变化的原
因,第三段谈谈个人对考研热的看法
Rush for Postgraduate Study
According to the table, it is clear that there is sharp increase in number of postgraduate candidates in x Province from 2000 to 2008. In 2000, there were only 1600 candidates participating in the exam. However, 2 years later, the number increased to 5600, and by 2008 it has reached 52000.
There are many reasons accounting for the great change. Firstly, the tough competition in jthe job market is an important one. The enrollment expansion of universities places a great pressure on the job market, which stimulates many students to turn to further education. Secondly, many students with equivalent education background to college graduates are allowed to apply for postgraduate study. Finally, the society has a greater demand for the postgraduates with the economic development.
As far as I am concerned, college students should take full account before deciding to fruther their education. For one thing, postgraduate study does not necessarily ensure us a bright future. For another, it?s a tough process to prepare for
the exam for postgraduate study and not everyone can stick it out.
2. 范文
框
架构
酒店人事架构图下载公司架构图下载企业应用架构模式pdf监理组织架构图免费下载银行管理与it架构pdf
建:通过审题可知这是一篇说明现象类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段概
述‚绿色食品?的受欢迎程度及现状,第二段说明受欢迎的原因,第三段指出在这一现
象的背后应该注意的问题。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in176
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Green Food
As more and more people focus on health diet, green food has begun to draw
more and more attention by the public. In recent years, the market demand for green food has increased dramatically, and all kinds of green food have emerged in an endless stream.
Why does green food become so popular in China? Above all, compared with
ordinary food, green food is healthier,sager and more nutrious. Moreover, nowadays, many vegetables are polluted because of the usage of agricultural chemicals, while green food is free of pollution. Besides, with the improvement of the liveing standards, more people can afford a healthier but more expensive lifestyle. So green food, despite its higher price, still becomes people?s favorite
food.
However, nowadays the market is full of real and fake green food, making many consumers confused. Therefore, the government must strenghthen the
supervision and administration of green food market. Besides, consumers should increase the knowledge of green food. Only in this way can green food play a more positive role in people?s life.
3. To Become a Specialist or a Generalist?
框架构建:这是一篇对比分析类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段引出两种观点,
第二段分析持有两种不同观点的理由,第三段表明‚我?对该问题的看法并说明理由。
To Become a Specialist or a Generalist?
When it comes to whether a student should become a specialist or a generalist, there is no complete agreement among people. Some people think that
it is best for college students to focus on feveloping skills in one field to become a specialist. However, others maintain that a versatile generalist is more welcimed in the competitive job market.
Those people who hold the former opinion believe that it is impossible to demand college students to become all all-round generalist within four years. In
addition, with increasing elaboration of social division, the specialists are in more urgent need. However, stills others adbocate the different opinion. They hold
that college students should stretch themselves to as many fields as possible to adapt the increasingly fierce competition. Besides, generalists are highly demanded in the information age.
Personally, I am in favor of the former opinion. I don?t think it is advisable
that college students equally spend their time and energy on several fields. Besides, the development of high-tech needs specialists. Therefore, I think to be a specialist is the right choice for most student.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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4. A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan.
通过审题可知这是一封申请信～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段简单介绍个人情况并表
明申请助学贷款的目的,第二段说明需要申请助学贷款的原因,第三段保证自己会合理
利用贷款并表明自己还款的决心和希望申请获准的愿望。
A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan.
To whom it may concern,
I am a freshman majoring in Business English. I am writing to apply for a bank
loan of 25000 yuan RMB to support my college study for the following four years.
My application is based on the following resons. My parents are both laid-off
workers, so it?s byyond their power to finance me through the college educaiton.
And to make matters worse, my mother has suddenly fallen ill and is expecting a major operation. So in order to complete my study, I am compelled to apply for the loan from your bank.
I give you my promise that the loan would be used properly. Meanwhile, I?ll
spare no effort to work hard both in the study and my future career so as to pay back the loan on time. I would be greatly obliged if my application is granted. I am looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely Yours,
Wu Yue
5. Should Class Attendance be Required?
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇对比分析类作文～其基本段落安排如下:第一
段概述大学里采取的点名制度～说明这种制度的作用,第二段指出对待该制度的
不同态度并说明理由,第三段表明‚我?对点名制度的看法和‚我?的理由。
Should Class Attendance be Required?
Nowadays required class attendance is very common at colleges and universities. Most people accept ti as a necessary policy t ensure the normal teaching order and create a good study atmosphere. Besieds, they think it is a good urge for those students who lack self-discipline.
However, still some others do not agree this argument. In their opinion, rigid attendance policies do not benefit students? studies. A
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in178
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Yangshuo New Start English College
student may have to give up a lecture which he finds bital to his studies
simply because he dare not run the risk of being penalized for his absence of his course. Besides, they say there is no proven correlation between attendance and performance.
As for me, I am in favor of the latter opinion. Required class attendance may secure one hundred percent attendance for a course, but it does not make much sense. A student may never be absent in a course, but who knows whether or not he is just sistting there daydreaming all the time. Therefore, a student should allowed to decide for himself whether
an in-class wxperience is worthwhile.
6. Craze in Famous Brands on Campus.
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇说明现象类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段概
述大学生热衷名牌的现象,第二段说明导致大学生热衷名牌的原因,第三段谈谈‚我?
对大学生追求名牌的看法并给出相关建议。
Craze in Famous Brands on Campus
In recent years there has been a craze in famous brands among college
students. On campus we can see many students dressing in famous brands from head to toe. It is worth more attention that even some students from poor families also begin to join in the army following famous brands.
College students? preference for famous brands is caused mainly by the following factors. Above all, in many college students? eyes, a famous brand is a
symbol of identity and position. They believe it can show their good taste. What?s
more, in modern society, famous brands to some extent are equal to fashion, which has a great attraction to young college students. Besides, parents? spoiling
their children helps form their unhealthy comsumption habit.
As far as I am concerned, it is irrational for our college students to be carzy
about buying famous brands. After all, we have no income source. It is shameful to use our parents? money to satisfy our vanity. Therefore, I suggest that we development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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should follow the consumption principle of being practical and thrifty.
7. How should College Students Relieve Pressure
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇对策方法类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段指
出当今的大学生主要面临那些压力,第二段说明大学生用于缓解压力的主要方式,第三
段谈谈‚我?缓解压力的方式。
How should College Students Relieve Pressure
Today?s college students face many pressures, mainly from parents?
expectation, severe employment situation and fierce social competition. Although sometimes pressure can provide motivation, overdue pressure has a serious negative effect. Pressure can destroy a student?s confidence. More seriously, it
might make some students lose control of their emotions and behaviors.
It si necessary for college students to learn to how to relieve pressure. First, we should have a right evaluation of ourselves and make use of advantages and aboid disadvantages. Second, we should set a clear aim of a struggle, which can
give us motivation. Third, attenting collective activities is an effective way to relieve pressure. Finally, it is no double professional psychological guidance is our wise choice when we feel great pressure.
Grnerally, I will turn to my friends when I confront great pressure. I will talk with them about my confusion and problems. And they will figure out the solution together with me. Besides, I often attend sports activities in my spare time. I find that is also a good way to prevent and relieve pressure.
8. Punctuality
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇道理论证类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段提
出论点---守时是一项重要的品质,第二段论证守时的必要性,第三段重申守时的必要性～
抢点我们应该注意培养守时的好习惯。
Punctuality
Puntuality is really a virtue, especially in a modern life. It shows your sincerity and respect to others. Maybe when you are waiting in front of a theatre or at the train terminal, you will realize how important punctuality is.
Indeed, punctuality is necessary not only in those important occasions such as in an interview or in a business negotiation, but also in your daily life. A person who
is on time for his appoinment show his real consideration for others. In contrast, a person who is always late shows his selfishness and thoughtlessness. Besides, a few minutes? delay may bring bad results. For example, getting up ten minutes
later than usual may upset the plan of the day. Calling on a friend five minutes later than the appointed time may cause him some unexpected trouble.
It is no double that punctuallity is an indispensable virtue for everyone. Whatever we do, we should be punctual. In my opinion, when we are young, we should try to be punctual every time and never be late.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in180
阳 朔 新 起 点 英 文 书 院
Yangshuo New Start English College
9. Sex Education
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇对策方法类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段描
述近年来许多大学开始实施性教育的现象～引出中国的性教育问题,第二段分析加强大
学生性教育的必要性,第三段说明大学生应该如何看待性的问题。
Sex Education
In recent years, more and more universities in China have begun to put sex education programs into practice. Some related lectures held last year at xx University attracted several hundred students. This high attendance probably reflected a strong desire for mor eknowledge on sex.
It is quite necessary to strength sex education on college students. Nowadays, the young people can find out about sex from a wide range of sources, including advertising, television, magazines and websites. But some of these
sources are inaccurate. Besides, it is well known to all, all HIV carriers are increasing in great numbers, and lack of sex education should be blamed of this. Therefore, the government and education departments have the responsibility to promote sex education.
As college students, we should take a right attitude towards sex. For on thing, we should learn some basic knowledge about sex. For another, we should take sex seriously and cautiously. To start sex behaviors is too early for college students who are not mature enough.
10. A Food Poisoning Accident
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇叙事类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段交代事
物中毒的背景和原因:第二段叙述中毒和脱险的经过,第三段谈由此二引发的感想～呼
吁加强食品安全。
A Food Poisoning Accident
Last month, I witnessed a food poisoning accident happening to my classmates. At that time the situation was really very dangerous and rugent. Though fianlly they got out of danger, this accident is still vivid in my mind.
That day was Julie?s birthday. In order to celebrate it, her roomates bought a big birthday cake for her from a supermarket nearby. They shared the cake
happily. However, after a while, all of them felt abdomanal pain and dizziness. Two of them even cannot stand up because of great pain. We rushed to send them to the hospital. It turned out that the cake they ate had expired its guaranteed
period. Fortuantely, due to timely treatment, they all recovered very soon. However, this accident leaves me a deep ponder. I think it is very urgent to take effective measures to improve food safety. One one hand, the government should
strengthen supervision and administration on food safety. On the other hand, we consumers should be more careful. Only in this way can we make sure that no same development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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accident happens.
11. Grades can’t Say Everything
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇道理论证类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段提
出论点----分数并不代表一切,第二段举例论证该观点,第三段强调不能过分重视分数～
总结全文。
Grades can’t Say Everything
For years many people have such thought that high grade means high ability. In order to get a satistying grade, students work hard everyday with almost no play. However, in my eyes, grades can?t say everything. The following reasons can
support the argument.
Undoubtedly, high grades don?t mean that one is excellent in everything. A
case in point is that one may have a poor academic performance but show a great talent in music. Futhermore, grades can be affected by many uncertain factors, like student?s psychological state. For example, there are some excellent students who can?t perform well just because they aare too nervous. Besides, sometimes some students cheat to get high grades, which account for nothing.
All mentioned above tell us that in many cases grades can?t measure one?s
ability accurately. And it is only and indicator to evaluate one?s comprehensive
ability. Therefore, we should no pay too much attention on high grades but should
focus on developing a student?s comprehensive ability.
12. Man Proposes, God Disposes
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇论证观点类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段解
释‚谋事在人～成事在天?的含义～阐述其中蕴涵的道理,第二段举例论证该道理,第
三段重申谚语的正确性～呼应第一段。
Man Proposes, God Disposes
There is a widespread proverb, “Man proposes, God disposes”, which means
that the planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. This proverb reflects a relation between success and luck, that is, we should always work hard in order to achieve our goal, though sometimes we may meet ucexpected things.
Let me take English study for example. A student spends much time and energy on English, and he has good study habits. He is supposed to receive good grades in the examination. But suppose something unexpected, like illness, occurs, and his final score is far from ideal. Should he lose heart and become pessimistic? Of course not. What he should do is just keep it up, and next time luck will mostly probably favor him.
From my point of view, luck does influence or even dominate us sometimes, but in any case we are the master of our own fortune. It is up to ourselves whether we want to go ahead or backward. As long as you insist working hard, your effort will pay in the long run.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in182
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Yangshuo New Start English College
13. A Letter in Reply to a Friend.
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一封建议信～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段点明写信的
缘由:为朋友参加英语四级考生提一些建议,第二段阐述具体的建议,第三段祝愿朋友
顺利通过考试。
A Letter in Reply to a Friend.
Jan.15,2009
Dear Mingming,
I am delighted to learn that you are going to take this Jan?s CET-4. Here I
will give you some advice on how to prepare for the exam and share with you my experience of taking part in the exam.
Above all, you should do a self-test to find out your level and weakness. Then make a detailed review plan and follow it strictly. As to the key points, I think you
should pay attention to the following three aspects. First, you need to enlarge your vocabulary, which is the basis of all parts. Second, you should study and analyze the CET-4 papers over the years. By doing this, you can know the difficulty and emphasis of the exam. Third, enough exercises and model tests are necessary, especially listening comprehensions and reading comprehension.
Don?t hesitate to tell me if you have any question and difficulty in your study. I do believe you will succeed in the following exam only if you find a right review
way. I am looking forward to your good news.
Sincerely yours,
Lian Rong
14. The Branch Campuses of the Universities
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇说明现象类作文～其基本的段落安排如下:第一段概
述近年来大学纷纷建立分校的现象,第二段说明导致各大学建立分校的原因,第三段谈
谈‚我?对大学建立分校的看法并给出相关建议。
The Branch Campuses of the Universities
In recent years many universities have built up their branch campuses in suburban areas. Now it is very difficult to find a university without a branch campus. Some of them even have more than on branch campus.
There are two main reasons behind the phenomenon. Firstly, it is enrollment expansion of universities that focuses universities to build branch campuses. As
more and more freshmen are admitted, the original facilities including calssrooms, apartments, dining halls, laboratories, libraries are not enough any more. Secondly, the quite environment in suburban areas is more suitable for students to study. So most of branch areas have been located in suburban areas.
As college student, I think, it is necessary for the university to build up a development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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branch campus. However, the building of branch campuses brings some problems. The students in some branch campuses cannot enjoy good enough facilities and
teachers due to limited resources. Therefore, the university should take a full account before it decides to build up a branch campus.
15. White Lie
框架搭建:通过审题可知这是一篇对比分析类作文～其基本段落安排如下:第一段概述
什么是善意的谎言～引出人们对它的争议,第二段针对善意的谎言提出两种不同的观点
并分别说明理由,第三段谈谈‚我?对善意的谎言的看法并说明理由。
White Lie
Sometimes, people have to tell a lie to someone else in order to protect him or aboid hurting his feeling. That is called”white lie”. But since it is a lie, it has
always been a controversial topic.
Many people believe that white lie is kind of protection for both the lie teller and the lie receiver. In their opinions, if the truth might be a great hurt to oghers, they should cover it. However, still others hold the opposite view. They argue that telling a lie to somebody, in fact, invades his right to know the truth. Besides, they insist that if one is informed of the truth, one can make proper decision according to his own will.
Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the latter one. Nobody can guarantee that covering the truth to one person is best to him. Anyone should be admitted to make his own decision. But it is worth noting that the trugh should be conveyed in a humane way if it might hurt others.
测试题参考答案
Key to Test 1
Part I writing
A Letter of Application for a Student Loan
To whom it may concern,
I am writing to you to apply for a student loan. As a sophomore, I have much financial difficulty in continuing my study.
There are five members in my family. My father is the only breadwinner of the whole family while my mother was laid-off two years ago. My grandmother has been suffering a chronic illness for more than five years. My young brother is now studying in a high school. I took part time job during the summer vacation, but what I have earned is far from enough for me to pay the required tuition fees. In order to continue my study, I have to apply for a student loan.
If my request is granted, I will make good use of the money and put my heart into study. I
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in184
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Yangshuo New Start English College
will definitely pay back the loan according to the requirements. I hope that you will consider
my application. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Shan
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. NG
[分析] 原文表示‚担心自己会毁掉她,同事,人生中最重要的一天?～ 题干则表示‚Keating
毁掉了她同事的婚礼?～所以答案为NG。
2. Y
[分析] 原文表示‚习惯性迟到导致的后果比很多人意识到的程度更深。? 句中的 consequences
对应题干中的 seriousness,deeper 对应题干中的 enough。所以题干表述正确。 3. Y
[分析] 这里考查的是对impact的理解～ 其基本含义是‚影响?～ 可指,积极,影响和,负面,
影响～依具体情况而定。但就这个小标题 consequences,后果,和上下文来说～此处指的是负
面影响。题干中的 lower one?s self-respect 意为‚低贬人的自尊?～ 是原文的同意转述。所
以题干表述正确。
4. N
[分析] 原文大意是‚不擅长估计做事所需时间的人可能是因为技术障碍?。而题干表示这类人‚可
能有清算账目障碍?～与原文意思不符～所以答案为N。
5. N
[分析] 原文中的kept track of 原意是‚保持联系?～ 此处含‚开始一步步做?之意～题干中
的plan所表达意思与其相同。但题干错把避免迟到的一种做法认同为迟到的原因～所以题干表
述错误。
6(Y
[分析] 原文中decline requests 即题干中的 saying “no” to requirements for favors。 相对
于原文～题干只是在语序上做了调整～但意思与原文一致。
7(N
[分析] 此部分介绍了psychological lateness。主要包括两类:一类是(rebellious) personality
type～意为,反叛,性格类,另一类是 crisis-maker,危机制造者,。而题干以偏概全～仅仅将
psychological difficulties 定义成后者～可见题干与原文不符。
8. feel the crisis
[分析] 此处需要填一个谓语动词引起的内容。题干中的 prompt 意思是‚迅速的～ 敏捷的?～
对应原文的get themselves together , 原文大意是 ‚这些人只在有危机感的时候,原文‘用
枪瞄准他们的时候’,才会迅速行动起来?～ 所以此处应相应填入动词短语 feel the crisis。 9. wait time
[分析] 此处需要接一个名词、代词或动名词。第6个小标题第2段首句的意思是‚等待的时候～
可以做些能让你投入的事情?。题干中的 interesting对应文中的 absorbing～ 那么 during 之
后应填名词词组wait time。
10. being on time
[分析] 此处需要接一个名词、代词或动名词。 文中 “one-more-task syndrome” 意思是‚再development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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干一件事综合症?～ 和题干中的 do one more last thing 对应。文中 obstacle 的和题干中的
barrier同义～ 表示‚障碍?。因此按照一致原则～题干末端也需填上和原文意思一致的动名词
短语being on time.
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. W: Look at the mess! And the guests will be here soon!
M: Take it easy. I?ll make sure the house is spotless.
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[A]。男士说他肯定会让屋子干干净净的～也就是他会打扫屋子的～选项[A]符合题意。spotless意为“一尘不染的～干净的”。选项[B]、[C]误解了对话中的take it easy。
12. M: Is the next game going to be held at our stadium or theirs?
W: Do you really think it will make much of a difference with a losing record like ours?
Q: What does the woman imply?
【解析】选[C]。女士说对我们这样一直保持失败记录的队伍来说～比赛在什么地方举行有很大不同吗,言下之意是他们的队伍终将失败～也就无所谓在什么地方举行比赛了～故选项[C]符合题意。
13. M: Mum, I got a part-time job at the supermarket. Three hours a day weekday and
all day Saturday.
W: Congratulations:But are you sure you can handle it? What about homework?
Q: What?s the woman worried about?
【解析】选[B]。母亲第一次使用疑问语气～反映出她对儿子能否兼顾工作和学习的担心。第二次疑问则突出反映了她对儿子学习的忧虑～故选[B]。
14. W: You see, there are too many people here. Let?s go to some other places.
M: All right. But cold weather in December cannot keep people away from the busy
shops.
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[B]。女士说这里人太多了～到其他地方去看看吧。男士说～没问题～但是12月的冷天也不能阻挡人们来这些热闹的商店～言下之意是尽管12月的天气很冷～逛商店的人仍然会多～故选项[B]符合题意。
15. W: Your exam is over, isn?t it? Why aren?t you cheerful?
M: Oh, I don?t know. It isn?t that the questions were too hard, but I always feel uneasy
when the exam doesn?t seem to have much to do with the book.
Q: What was the man?s opinion of the exam?
【解析】选[B]。在but后男士提到试卷与书的联系不大时～他就总觉得不安。选项[B] 是对此的同义转述。对话提到...it isn?t that the questions were too hard, 意思是这些问题其实并不难。由此可以排除选项[A]、[D]。[C]项中time(考试时间)在对话中没有提及。
16. W: What do you think of the movie?
M: It was worth neither the time nor the money.
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[B]。“neither...nor...”结构是对两个内容的否定～也就是说时间和钱花得都不值～言外之意就是这部电影根本不值得一看。
17. M: Good afternoon. I?m Mr. Jackson. I answered your ad for an experienced advertising executive.
W: Oh, yes, Mr. Jackson. Won?t you have a seat? The manager will see you shortly.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in186
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Yangshuo New Start English College
Q: What do we learn about Mr. Jackson?
【解析】选[D]。男士来应聘广告上说的有经验的广告主管职位。女士说经理马上就会见他。
关键词是experienced(有经验的)、see you(会见)～另外前面的ad指报纸上的招聘广告～后面的
advertising executive指的是广告主管职位～选项[D] 符合题意。
18. M: Excuse me, would you please tell me when the next flight to Los Angeles is?
W: Sure. The next direct flight to Los Angeles is two hours from now, but if you do not
mind transferring at San Francisco you can board now.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
【解析】选[D]。the next flight、direct flight(直达航班)、transferring(转机～换乘)构成
了“在机场咨询航班情况”的特定场景。由女士所说的if you do not mind transferring at san Francisco you can board now可知答案为[D]。
Conversation One
W: Can I help you?
M: Yes, I?m looking for a book on the presidential election system in the United States.
W: Well, all of our textbooks are arranged by subject and course number in the back of
the store. Is this a required text for one of the University?s political science courses?
M: No, it isn?t. I?ve already looked through all the political science books in the back, but
the ones I saw only had a few pages, at most, on the topic.
W: How about the paperback section? There may be something there.
M: Okay.
W: Or better yet, you should try looking in Books in Print.
M: I?ve never heard of that. What is it?
W: It?s an index that lists all of the books currently available from publishers. If you
have a specific book in mind, you can look under the author?s last name.
M: But I don?t.
W: Then look directly under your subject, presidential elections.
M: What happens if I find a book I want?
W: Well, if it?s not in stock, we can order it for you.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What is the man looking for?
【解析】选[B]。男士说“I?m looking for a book on the presidential election system...”～后
来说到“I?ve already looked through all the political science books”～由此可以推断～a book on
the presidential election system属于the political science books。因此～他要寻找的是[B] A
political science book。
20. Where does the woman first direct the man to?
【解析】选[C]。当男士说需要一本关于总统选举体制的书时～女士以为他说的是textbook～
于是马上说“all of our textbooks are ...in the back of the store”。因此～选项[C]符合题干要求。
21. What kinds of books are listed in Books in Print?
【解析】选[C]。女士说“you should try looking in Books in Print”～在男士不知道什么是Books
in Print的情况下～女士解释说～Books in Print是“an index that lists all of the books currently available from publishers”～选项[C]符合题干要求。注意～in print是指“(books)currently available from publishers～正在出售的”,out of print是它的反义词组～表示“已售完”～也很常用。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Conversation Two
W: Didn?t you write a paper about Albert Kahn last semester?
M: Yes, for my history of architecture class.
W: Oh, I am taking it now and I have to do some research on industrial architecture. I need to read up on Kahn?s factories. So I would like to see what you wrote about them.
M: I don?t think my paper will help; I focus on his classical design like Clements library and office buildings, but you are interested in the modern building he is famous for.
W: Yes he is best known for his factory, especially the auto plants in Detroit. He made a breakthrough in industrial design. You know before his time, factories were so cramped and inefficient but his factory provide enough light and air and open space. So the cars could be assembled in one huge plant.
M: I remember reading that previously, factories had wooden frame and the heavy machinery made the buildings vibrate and there were firehazards too. But when Kahn started to design auto plants around the turn of the century, reinforced concrete had just been invented. Talk about the breakthrough, not only were the buildings sturdy and fireproof but they were cheap to put up too!
W: You seem to know a lot of about his industrial career.
M: Actually even though I wrote about his other works, I did a lot of background reading. Let me see if I can dig up that paper for you. There were some books of articles included in my bibliography that you might want to look up at the library.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. Why are the students discussing Albert Kahn?
【解析】选[D]。由女士所说的...I have to do some research...I need to read up on kahn?s factories可以推知～女士在研究卡恩的作品～整个对话就此展开。
23. In which is Albert Kahn best known for?
【解析】选[B]。听音时注意和Kahn 相关的信息:the modern building he is famous for以
及best known for his factory。问题问Kahn因为什么最有名～[B]为该细节的同义转述。
24. To what industry did Albert Kahn make a major contribution?
【解析】选[D]。听音时注意提到的行业。根据especially the auto plants“汽车车间”及So the
cars could be assembled in one huge plant。可推出答案为[D]“运输行业”。
25. According to the talk, what was one problem with factories before Kahn?s time?
【解析】选[A]。听音时注意和建筑缺点相关的信息～对话中男士提到there were firehazards
too。问题问卡恩时代之前的汽车工厂存在的问题～[A]为细节再现。
Section B
Passage One
Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families. Television is the most significant of these influences, because the habit of watching television usually begins before children start attending school. And, by the time that the average child finishes high school, he or she will have spent 18,000 hours in front of a television set as opposed to 12,000 hours in a classroom.
Parents are concerned about these figures. They are also concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children. The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in188
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Even if it is unreal — a cartoon cat beating up a cartoon mouse with a baseball bat — this
violence may have a negative effect on the young minds exposed to it. Studies indicate that, when children are exposed to violence, they may become aggressive or insecure.
Parents are also concerned about the commercials that their children see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programs for children. And some parents feel that these shows should not have commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers.
Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of. The most famous of these is “Sesame Street”, which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet and numbers. It also tries to teach children useful things about the world in which they live.
Even though most parents and educators give “Sesame Street” and shows like it high marks for quality, some critics argue that all television, whether educational or not, is harmful to children. These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television a day turns children into bored and passive consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What is the main idea of the passage?
【解析】选[C]。在听录音之前～预览四个选项可知本文与电视带来的负面影响有关。至于是对
哪一方面的负面影响～既要根据主题句区分～还需要根据文章内容进行辨别。
27. According to the passage, what do you think “Sesame Street” is?
【解析】选[B]。预读选项可知此题询问的是电视节目的类型。The most famous of these is
“Sesame Street”...为答案的依据～其中的these指的就是educational programs.
28. What will be the consequence if a child forms a habit of watching hours of television every day?
【解析】选[A]。预读选项可知此题询问的是They将会发生什么行为或变成怎样的状态～需要
留意对动作和状态的描述。答案依据为:These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of
television day turns children into bored and passive consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it. 选项[A]中bored ? 原文中的dull～passive
? inactive。
Passage Two
Crime has its own cycles, a magazine reported some years ago. Police records show a surprising relation between changes in the season and crime patterns.
The pattern of crime has changed very little over a long period of years. Murder reaches its high during July and August, as do other violent attacks. Murder, in addition, is more than seasonal; it is a weekend crime. It is also a nighttime crime: 62 percent of murders are committed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. One is most likely to be robbed between 6 p.m. and 2 a.m. on a Saturday night in December, January, or February. Except for one strange statistic, May is the least criminal month of all.
Apparently our intellectual season cycles are completely different from our criminal patterns. Professor Huntington made a lot of studies to discover the seasons when people read serious books, attend scientific meetings, and make the highest scores on examinations. development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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In all examples, he found a spring peak and an autumn peak separated by a summer low. On the other hand, Professor Huntington?s studies showed that June is the peak month for
suicides and for admitting patients to mental hospital. June is also a peak month for marriages!
Possibly, high temperature and humidity bring on our strange and surprising summer actions, but police officers are not so sure. “There are, of course, no proof of a relation between humidity and murder”, they say. “Why murder?s high time should come in the summer time we really don?t know”.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What is the passage mainly about?
【解析】选[D]。根据选项的概括性强、信息密集可知～本题考查短文主旨。文章开头的Police
records show a surprising relation between changes in the season and crime patterns为短文
主题句～故[D]为答案。
30. Which is the safest season?
【解析】选[B]。文章明确提到May is the least criminal month of all～表明五月是犯罪率最
低的月份～也就是说五月最安全～故选项[B]正确。
31. What did Professor Huntington?s research show?
【解析】选[C]。推断题。文章讲到～Professor Huntington调查人们读严肃小说、出席科技
会议和考试得高分的季节～所有数据表明在春季和秋季是高峰～而夏季却是低峰～排除[B]、[D],
另外短文中听到June出现最多的地方提到了两个peak, 他们分别是自杀和医院接收精神病患者数
目最高峰以及结婚的高峰～由此可以排除[A]项～得出答案[C]。
Passage Three
Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that too much work demand can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, saying that no job is so important as to damage personal relationships and rob people of relaxation. There has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and relaxation. Leisure time provides opportunities to find personal satisfaction and freedom from the routine of work.
Increased leisure time in the United States has not altered the idea that work and play are distinct activities. This distinction is clear-cut; there are “work-hours” and
“afterwork-hours”. There is a belief that it is desirable “to work hard and play hard” and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores, and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. There may be more social interaction between teachers in a school than between scientists doing independent research. Nevertheless, work and play are usually perceived and maintained as separate activities.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What is the result of too much work demand?
【解析】选[C]。本文开头就说too much work demand can be physically and mentally
harmful(工作量过大在体力上和脑力上都是有害的)～即[C]。
33. In order to rebel against the work ethic, what do many people believe now?
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in190
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【解析】选[B]。文中claiming(宣称)即表明人们是这样认为(believe)的～no job is so important as to...表明工作并不是最重要的～人们应该多注意与人的交往和放松自己～即[B]。
34. What do people expect an employee under pressure at work to do?
【解析】选[B]。这个例子出现在to work hard and play hard这个概念被引出之后～文中原话
说:处于工作重压下的职员是不能进行社交拜访活动(意即休闲)的～与[B]表达的意思是一样的。
35. What does the speaker imply by saying “the distinction is clear-cut”?
【解析】选[A]。文中clear-cut一词出现前有work and play are distinct (不同的) activities～
之后又出现了work-hours and afterwork-hours和 to work hard and play hard等词句～均说
明美国人认为工作和休闲是截然分开的。
Section C
36.【解析】claim。从manufacturer?s这个所有结构可知所填词为名词～而且可以和介词for
搭配。另外～live up to和所填词构成动宾搭配～live up to意为 “遵守(诺言、原则等)～符合”。
句中的or表示:faulty和or后面的部分是选择性并列关系。那么～consumer买的商品可能有瑕
疵或者不像manufacturer标榜得那么好。claim作名词时常和for搭配～for后面的it指代的是
an item。
37.【解析】produce。空前will限定所填词为一原形动词～并在句中作谓语～和results构成
动宾搭配。主语this action是指上句中的present the guarantee at the store of purchase～在
很多情况下～这种方式都比较有效。表示“产生好的效果”的搭配有produce / bring about / bear / give / yield (good) results。
38.【解析】complaint。从in general(一般而言)可知～这句话是对上一句的进一步说明～所填
词很可能和上一句中的关键词complain有关～而且作空后settled的宾语。Settle暗含“解决(棘手
的或令人不愉快的事情)”。complaint是complain的名词形式～take one?s complaint意为“抱怨”～
等同于complain。
39.【解析】assuming。空前的句子结构已完整～所以本空应填一“动词+ing”～即现在分词作伴
随状语。
40.【解析】person。in person意为“亲自～本人”～为固定短语。空后的转折句but if they cannot get to the place of purchase...to phone or write the complaint in a letter起提示作用。
41.【解析】acceptable。空前的It is及to phone…表明本空中应填一形容词。考生应注意:
短文听写中若出现It is/was to do结构时～所填词往往为以 able结尾的形容词。
42.【解析】firmly。所填词前面的but表示“尽管…还是…”～所填词和 politely应该词性相同～
但意义相对。短文听写中的副词往往以 ly结尾。
43.【解析】question。in question为固定搭配～意为“正在谈论的”～修饰the item。在文章
语境中～正在谈论的商品也就是顾客向经理抱怨的商品。
44.【答案】the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what
is wrong, rather than by making general statements
【Main Points】the consumer will succeed by presenting specific information～but not by making general statements
45.【答案】the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as
possible
【Main Points】the consumer should do this, stating the complaint politely and firmly
46.【答案】She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a
private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers rights
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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【Main Points】She or he can threaten to accuse the seller or report the seller to an
organization responsible for protecting consumers rights
Part IV Reading Comprehension
Section A
47. F
[分析] 此处需要一个动词～而且可以跟宾语从句～同时要求用一现在时～只hold 和 expect 符合要求～根据句子要表达的意思～此处选expect 表示‚预计～料到?。
48. M
[分析] 此处需要一个名词～而且从句意来看要和后面的to quit 相符合～只有impulsive 合乎文意～表示‚要放弃的冲动?。
49. C
[分析] 这里需要一个副词～从给出的两个副词来看～只有completely合乎题意。
50. L
[分析] 此处需要一个及物动词的过去式～而能够和greatness搭配使用的只有achieved。
51. B
[分析] 此处需要动词的被动形式～be called on to do sth. 是合乎语法和句意的搭配。
52. J
[分析] 根据语法～此处需要形容词作定语～只有constant和endless可以～constant表示‚经常的～不断的?～ 而endless‚无尽的～ 无数的?～作为后来的总统～人们对他的讽刺只是阶段性‚不断的?～而不是无尽的。
53. A
[分析] 此处需要一个名词～而且是元音开头的～ 只有impact～表示‚冲击?～符合题意。
54. H
[分析] 此处需要形容词作定语～在剩下的形容词中endless表示‚无数的?～符合题意。
55. I
[分析] 此处需要形容词作定语～根据learned lessens推测valuable为正确答案。
56. D
[分析] 此处需要动词和on to 搭配成动词短语～只有hold 符合文法和语义。
Section B
Passage One
57. D,
,定位,由题干定位到首段首句Television is often viewed as an anti-intellectual medium.
,分析,从原文首段最后一句"她们借助具有大众市场吸引力的电视来测试一个提出已久却没有被证实的假设"可推知～研究人员只不过是利用电视作为宣传他们的测试的媒体。第2段首句说"他们在BBC的节目上公布这个测试"也进一步证明了提到电视只不过是为了引出宣传该测试的媒介。故D,"介绍借以宣传测试的媒介"为正确答案。
排除干扰～A,"证明一些学者的声明错误"在原文没有涉及,B,"证明电视是英国人日常生活的重要部分"并不是文章的中心所在～排除,C,"展示大众媒体是一个非常赢利的行业"在原文中没有提及,故均排除。
58. C,
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in192
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,定位,由题干中的The experiment定位到第二段首句They set up their experiment in
October 2007, by publicizing it on a BBC programme called "Human Instincts".
,分析,原文第二段一直在叙述试验进行的方式～主要是两件事～一是给图片定1-5的等级～二是选择你最不愿意与之共用牙刷的人。C,"为各种照片评级和进行一个选择"是对文意的概括～为正确答案。
排除干扰～A,"观看名叫„人类本能'的电视节目～并填写反馈表格"没涉及试验～而且试验里并没有填反馈表格～排除,B,"访问不同的网站然后给图片和数字配对"不是试验内容～排除,D,填写个人信息虽然正确～但是后面说"要选出一个牙刷"不是试验的内容～排除。
59. D,
,定位,由题干中的the result of the experiment定位到第三段首句The results showed that in all seven pairs...
,分析,由原文"虱子比马蜂更令人恶心"可以推知D,"马蜂会比虱子让人感觉好些"符合文意。
排除干扰～原文只是说对于明显的体液外流或是有着被"放大了"的斑点的人脸的恶心就没有什么令人惊奇的了～并没有在体液外流的人体和长满了斑点的脸之间进行比较～排除A,,原文并没有对拥挤的火车车厢和虱子进行比较～排除B,,原文并没有指明什么最令人恶心～且没有提及"流血的脸"也排除C,。
60. B,
,定位,由题干中的The results of the experiment make evolutionary sense可以定位到第四段第五句Both of these make evolutionary sense.
,分析,联系定位句下文"年轻人比老年人更具有繁殖能力～所以应该更注意他们接触什么和吃些什么。而妇女通常是负有养育孩子的担子～所以也必须为了后代和自身的利益去恶心。"可以推知人们恶心其实都是和后代的安全相联系的。故B,"人们的恶心通常与孩子的安危相联系"为正确答案。
排除干扰～原文reproductive potential指的是繁殖后代的能力～而非生产食物的能力～排除A,,原文虽提及女性养育后代～但并未提及她们更倾向于独立于男性的帮助之外～排除C,,原文并没有将老年人和女性进行对比～排除D,。
61. C,
,定位,由题干定位到末段首句The results of the toothbrush study made similar sense.
,分析,联系原文可知～牙刷测试的结果也是"为了证明人们认为陌生人更容易携带新的病菌"。下文提到"很明显～英国人对天气预报员比对老板感到亲近"～由此推测C,"公众人物通常比老板更受英国人欢迎"正确。
排除干扰～A,和B,的错误在于它们都说老板和邮递员本身是否干净～而试验只是说给人们的感觉～故都排除,D,的错误在于著名电视节目主持人其实根本不是测试选项之一～只是一个假设～无法判断其情况～也排除。
Passage Two
62. A,
,定位,由题干中的the "Partners in Health" system定位到原文首段第四句he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health。
,分析,原文首段末尾说"它不仅给大量穷人提供适当的可以支付得起的治疗～还越过医疗层面～想要解决让穷人得病或很难康复的社会原因"。由此可推测此医疗系统与传统医院相比的独特之处在于It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level.,它试图在社会层面上帮助穷人,～故A,development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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为正确答案。
排除干扰原文并没有说免费～而是"提供恰当的可以支付得起的治疗"～排除B,,联系原文～可知其目的主要是为穷人治病～进而解决让穷人得病或很难康复的社会原因～并不是为了穷人脱贫～排除C,,D, 中community help,社区救助,太过笼统和泛化～文中仅指有关治病的方面～也排除。
63. C,
,定位,由题干中的the last sentence of the second paragraph定位到原文第二段末句Or as his Haiti patients aptly put it, medicine without food is like washing one's hands and drying
them in the dirt.
,分析,原文第二段强调了一个概念～即"穷人的健康问题其实不是简单的医疗问题～还有人权问题"。药物只能治愈穷人的疾病～没有食物～即没有消灭贫穷就像把手放在灰尘中晾干～手还会脏的～即还是会生病的。据此可以推知～C,Medicine is not a long term cure to their poor health
,药物无法使他们长期保持健康,与文意相符～为正确答案。
排除干扰原文只是一个打比方的说法～并非真的说在那里晾手～排除A,,原文并非指洗手也需要药物～这是对原文比喻的误解～排除B,,联系原文可推知～食物是保持健康的保证～原文并没有对药物和食品的治疗功效进行比较～也排除D,。
64. D,
,定位,由题干中的The disadvantage of Dr. Farmer's book定位到原文第三段首句Unfortunately, Dr. Farmer's powerful message is often weakened by his book's academic
tone.
,分析,该句说明"他的强有力的信息通常被他所写的书的学术口吻给减弱了"～言下之意就是口气不够强～故D,"口气不够强～很难引起他人的注意"与文意相符～正确。
排除干扰原文并没有对他的书的情节进行评价～故A,"书中的情节不够吸引人"与原文不符～排除,原文没有对该书内容叙述的方式做出评价～故B,认为"其内容叙述方式不够吸引人"与原文不符～排除,他对"愚蠢的死亡"的愤怒表达得铿锵有力是该书的优点～与题干所问不符～故排除C,。
65. C,
,定位,由题干可以定位到原文第四段第三句Though well written, Mr. Kidder s book also makes for uncomfortable reading.
,分析,原文第四段最后两句说"作者好像一直在寻求描写对象的同意～他非常苦恼地描述了他害怕让Farmer大夫失望的恐惧和用批评的字眼伤害大夫的痛苦以及对大夫的谅解所感到的欣慰"。由此推测～他对大夫的情感使他不能独立地写作。故C,"Mr. Kidder的感情妨碍了他写作的独立性"正确。
排除干扰由原文"他和 Farmer大夫一起到过温暖而贫困的海地～也到过寒冷而易得结核病的俄罗斯"可推知～两者曾在一起生活过～故排除A,,原文只是说Mr. Kidder在写作上考虑了Dr. Farmer的认同～并没有说他害怕做出真实的评论～故排除B,,原文说道该书中已经描写了Mr. Kidder在得到Dr. Farmer的谅解后所感到的欣慰～故D,"他还一直在等后者的谅解"错误～也排除。
66. B,
,定位,由题干中的from the last paragraph可以定位到末段。
,分析,原文末段说"这种亲密倒突出了Farmer大夫那令人钦佩而又令人愤怒的性格"。Kidder先生写道～"Farmer不是到这个世界上让任何人感到舒适的"～由此推知～他对社会的种种不平等～特别是"结构型暴力"非常愤怒～因此很可能曾严厉地批评过这个社会～因此才会"让很多人感到不舒服"～故B,正确。
排除干扰原文说～能得到Farmer医治的人是幸运的～并非说只帮助那些足够幸运的人～A,
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in194
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Yangshuo New Start English College 与原文不符,C,错误～原文说除了那些幸运地成为他的病人的人～或那些完全不幸地需要他的人～Farmer不是到这个世界上让任何人感到舒适的～意思并非让他的病人不舒服～排除,D,忽视了其作为医生为病人治病～给人带来健康的一面～故排除。
核心词汇及短语
Part V Cloze
67. B
[分析] 根据句子结构～此处添加动词。根据上下文的意思～B 是最佳答案。
68. B
[分析] 根据上下文和句意～此处需要一个表示转折意义的副词。B最符合要求。
69. C
[分析] 根据居住意思～‚魔术师从帽子里变出小兔子?～只有produce 可表达‚拿出?一意。obtain
‚获得?～manufacture‚产生、制造?～yield‚,农业方面的,生产?。因此C为答案。
70. A
[分析] 根据句子结构～此处需要填加一个名词或短语～意思为‚一直以来?～ 答案为A。
71. A
[分析] 根据上下文～魔术家Houdini擅长‚逃脱?～ 他可以轻易地打开锁～从被锁处逃脱。
72. D
[分析] 通过上下文可知此处需要一个引导让步状语从句的连词～只有D符合。
73. D
[分析] 根据句子结构～ 此处为一个同位语从句～只能用that 来引导。
74. B
[分析] 根据上下文～此处为一个后臵定语来修饰 every type of lock～ 而根据句意应为‚所发
明的各种各样的锁?～ 因此B为最佳答案。
75. A
[分析] 根据句子结构～此处为后臵定语修饰 small needle-like tool～而后臵定语的意思为‚绑
在腿上?。只有A答案有该意思。
76. D
[分析] bound 是 bind 的过去式～意为‚捆绑?。其他选项都没有这个意思。
77. C
[分析] in an instant 是固定搭配～意为‚立刻～马上?。
78. C
[分析] 四个选项中动词 charge 一般与with 搭配使用～表示‚指控～指责?,rid …of表示‚除掉?,blame与for 搭配,accuse和 of 搭配意为‚指控～谴责?。
79. D
[分析] mud和something 是不可数名词～不符,像蜡一样的candle 是不符合逻辑的,D
substance,物质,正确。
80. A
[分析] 本句需要一个从属连词引导时间状语～选项中只有A表示 ‚当。。。时?。
81. B
[分析] 根据句子结构～此处应该是一个目的状语～意为‚他经过时～踩在上面～以便像蜡一样
的物质粘在脚底?～只有D (stuck) 有这个意思。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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82. D
[分析] 此处需要一个副词来修饰后面的astonishing。 A～B～C都是形容词～都表示‚完全的?～
但是不能用来修饰形容词。所以只有D(altogether)符合要求。
83. B
[分析] which用于介词后面引导定语从句～其他选项不符合。
84. A
[分析] 根据上下文～此处意为‚接下来～把箱子扔到海里?～因此答案为A。
85. B
[分析] 这里需要填加一个介词～表示‚游到水面?～故选B。
86. A
[分析] 根据上下文～“Houdini被装进箱子扔到海里～但他很快就逃了出来～ 当箱子被捞上来时～人们发现…..”, A (brought up)～表示‚把…弄上来?。
Part VI Translation
87. to be in the face of the internal perplexities
解析:本句意为:我们不仅要承受种种外界压力～还要面对内心的困惑。这句话考查的是not only…but also的结构。该结构的前后部分应该保持一致～前半部分用的是not only to～后半部分就应该是but also to。另外～前半句用了under pressure来表达承受压力～后半句最好也用一个介词短语来表达面对困惑之意～与前文相呼应。我们知道～face既可以用作动词也可以用作名词～in the case of意为‚面对～面临?。其实全句有三处相对应出现的词或表达～他们是:not only to & but also to; be under & be in the face of; external pressures & internal perplexities。英语里比较注重这种并行结构。
88. come to our evening party
解析:考查‚参加?的表达。Join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会～如:join a health club; join
the Communist Party～或者用join sb表示参加到某人的活动中来。事实上～常常与party搭配的动词是come或者go。如go to a wild party～或come to a Christmas Party。‚参加?的另外一些用法有:参加会议(attend the meeting);参加某项活动(take part in the activity);参加考试(take/ sit /do the examination);参加礼拜(attend worship);参加社会活动(get about social activities)。
89. he is in good health/he’s healthy
解析:本题看似简单～实际在考查汉英表达习惯差异问题。‚他的身体很健康?是一句典型的汉语表达～然而英语里表示某人身体好的时候不用‚身体?作主语～直接用‚某人?作主语。如果译成his body is healthy就可谓多此一举了。‚身体健康?还可以用to be in good condition。
90. Sure/ Certainly
解析:本题也是一道考查汉英表达差异的题。很多考生不假思索地译成Of course。其实～以英语为母语的人使用of course的频率要比中国的考生低得多～只有在回答一些总所周知的问题或表示反语口吻时才说of course。因为of course后面隐含一句话是‚当然我知道啦!难道我是一个傻瓜吗??因此～of course带有挑衅的意味～语气很不友好。在使用方面～sure或certainly语气会婉转很多。同时of course not也具挑衅的意味。正常情况下的说法是certainly not。
91. I found a few mistakes
解析:few和little意为‚几乎没有?～a few和a little意为‚还有一些～有几个?。但若在a few和a little加上only～意思就变了。即only a few=few～而only a little=little。如:I can have only a little more.(我几乎不能再吃了。)She made only a few mistakes.(她几乎全对。)因此～如果译
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in196
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Yangshuo New Start English College
成I found only a few mistakes～意思就恰恰相反～‚你的作文我几乎没发现错误?。这道题说明在
汉译英时不能完全对应汉字翻译～而要考虑英语使用习惯和词语搭配。
Key to Test two
Part I writing (sample )
【思路点拨】
本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象～提纲第2点要求分析该现象产生的原因～
提纲第3点要求说明如何解决该问题～由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。
根据所给提纲～本文应包含如下内容:描述大学生的逃课现象,分析大学生逃课的主要原因,
说明应该如何减少逃课现象。
【参考范文】
Skipping Classes on College Campus
In colleges and universities, the phenomenon of students' skipping classes is not unusual. There are often some students who skip those classes for feeling unwell or other private reasons. Besides, still some students don't go to class without any reason but for they don't want to。
There are two main reasons for college students' skipping classes. First, compared with in middle school, students have more freedom in college. It depends more on one student's consciousness whether he will attend the class. So those students lacking self-discipline begin to skip classes. Second, some teachers' lectures could not attract students' interests so that some students would rather skip classes to study what they are interested in。
For whatever reasons, skipping classes does bring negative effects on students' study. Therefore, it is necessary to take some effective measures to reduce this phenomenon. On the one hand, the school and teachers should make students realize the negative effects of skipping classes and enhance their consciousness of attending the class. On the other hand, teachers have to improve their teaching quality to attract students' interests in the courses. Only in this way can the phenomenon of skipping classes be reduced as soon as possible
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. Y
[分析] 本题考查文章主旨～需要通读全文后对内容进行归纳。1~8段对流行病的传染方式进行
了具体介绍,9~14段就如何预防进行了探讨。题干表述与此相符～主旨归纳正确。
2. N
[分析] 本题涉及爆发流行病的条件～应锁定第一段。第一段依次列举了爆发流行病的所有必备
条件～并在段末指出:When all these conditions are present in large population centers,
epidemics can start. 题干中的no efficient doctors不足以构成爆发流行病的所有条件～所以
题干表达与原文不符。
3. NG
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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[分析] 本题与早期的美洲居民有关～所以应锁定从历史的角度介绍流行病的第二段。第二段第
四句提到:when the Europeans first came to North and South America, they brought
diseases with them that killed about 95 percent of the native American population. 但是
首批来美洲的人是否成为了 European settlers～ 文中没有提到～所以应判断本题为NG。 4. Y
[分析] 本题的定位信息是antibiotics～ 所以应将目标锁定在第三段。题干中是说抗生素被证
实在抵抗病毒方面没有效果～与原文完全相符。
5. N
[分析] 本题涉及流行病传染的方式～应锁定第五至第七段。然而～第五段首句提到Doctors know
how most epidemic diseases spread～ 就不难发现:并不是所有的流行病都会传染。题干中
的All 与原文most 矛盾～所以答案为N。
6. N
[分析] 本题定位信息是symptoms of flu～应锁定第八段。其中第二句和第四句分别提到。题
干中的usually 与上述的sometimes a runny nose, about half of all patients矛盾～因此～题
干的表述与原文不符。
7. Y
[分析] 本题涉及流行病的多发区～应锁定文章的第十一段。题干内容是对原文的同义转述。 8. good health habits
[分析] 本题涉及流行病的防治～应锁定第十段。综合第一～第三句可以找到答案。 9. much more
[分析] 本题涉及流行病的预防和流行病治疗的费用比较～应锁定第十二段。题干中的短语 in
comparison with 暗含了比较～所以应该填比较级。
10. preventative health care
[分析] 本题涉及政府在流行病防治方面应有的做法～需锁定文章最后一段。其中第二句it is
worth the money for governments to provide preventative health care for all of their
people 暗含了政府的角色之意。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. M: Then why did you decide to quit your former job? W: That's because of the journey. It took me about two hours to get to work. Your firm is
within walking distance.
Q: Why does the woman want to change her job? 【解析】选[D]。男士问女士为什么辞了以前的工作。女士说因为她每天要花两个小时去上班～同时流露出羡慕男士的公司离其住所近～[A]错误。女士所说的journey～指路程而不是旅行～[B]错误。[C]项未提及。[D]中说女士不想在上班的路上花太多的时间～符合题意。
12. W: Do you think Edward will get here on time for the job interview?
M: If he doesn't, nobody will.
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[A]。这道题关键在于听懂男士的回答。女士问他Edward能否准时参加面试～男士并未直接回答～而是说:如果他不能的话～那么就没有人能了～言外之意就是他肯定会准时到达。 13. M: Hey, you should be doing your art class now. Why are you here?
W: I realized I've no talent for drawing. Drama is a better alternative than those brushes.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in198
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Yangshuo New Start English College
Q: What does the woman mean?
【解析】选[D]。女士的回答中～Drama is a better alternative than those brushes是这个对话
中的关键点。[D]项表明她已经退出了艺术课～而选择了戏剧课～故为答案。
14. W: Oh dear, I gained these 10 pounds in the last 3 months, none of my clothes fit any more.
M: I wouldn't complain, you look much better. In fact, you can gain another 5 pounds and still
look good.
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[C]。每每女士为自己的体重大惊小怪时～男士常会给予一定的安慰和劝说。对话中男士
说you look much better. In fact, you can gain another 5 pounds and still look good表明～男士
劝女士不应为其体重担心。
15. M: I'd like to buy these four greeting cards. Are they ten yuan each?
W: Three of them are. But that smaller one costs only half the price of the big ones.
Q: How much will the man pay for the cards?
【解析】选[C]。这是一道综合性的计算题～但并不复杂～只要听到Three of them are (ten yuan
each)"其中三个是每个十元"及that smaller one costs half the price of the bigger ones"小卡片
的价钱是大卡片的一半"～确定应选[C]。
16. W: I know you're busy, but how about attending a film festival tonight? Your favorite star will make an appearance.
M: You think I'd give that a miss?
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】选[A]。女士对男士说我知道你很忙～但今晚你愿意参加一个电影节吗～你最喜欢的明星
会露面。男士反问道～你认为我会放弃这个机会吗,实际上暗示了他肯定会去的～这和选项 [A]吻
合。男士的回答中～You think I'd give that a miss?是这个对话的关键点。
17. W: Would you mind sending champagne and strawberries to my room at 1 a.m. please? M: I'll try, ma'am. But on Wednesday the kitchen staff leave at mid-night. Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?
【解析】选[D]。champagne and strawberry、sending … to my room、kitchen staff构成了一个
"在宾馆谈论送餐"的特定场景。
18. W: You were on the phone for a long time. To whom were you talking? M: Oh, to Susan. She always knows the latest news in town and she couldn't wait to see me to
talk it over.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
【解析】选[B]。对话中男士不仅回答了女士的问题～还进一步提到Susan急于告知他镇上的最新
消息。选项[B] eager to pass the information she knows就是对话中couldn't wait to see me to
talk it over的同义转述can't wait to do sth.意为"急切地想要做某事"。
Conversation One
W: Can I help you?
M: Yes, I'd like to read some articles that are on reserve about British culture. W: Professor Grand's class?
M: That's right. How could you know?
W: Let's just say you are not the first person coming in asking for those articles. development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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M: Oh, well, seeing as how I haven't read any of them yet, it doesn't really matterwhich one you give me first.
W: I'm afraid I can't give you any of them at the moment. They've all been checked out. M: You're joking, all of them?
W: Every month. I've asked professor Grand twice already to bring in additional copies of the articles, but no sooner do I place them on the shelves than they are gone. See that girl in the black sweater? She's been waiting for half an hour for those same articles to be returned.
M: And here's me. I went out of my way to free out the whole afternoon to read. W: I'm sorry, but there is not a whole lot I can do about it. All I can suggest is that you come in first thing tomorrow morning and try again. We open at eight.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What is the man surprised to learn?
【解析】选[C]。男士来借阅论文～被告知论文都被借走(been checked out)了～不由得说～You are
joking, all of them?其中～You are joking表示不相信、惊讶之情(surprised)。同义的表达有Are
you kidding?
20. What does the woman say about Professor Grand?
【解析】选[D]。根据选项无法判断问题是什么的时候～更需要我们注意听问题。 题目问Professor
Grand的情况～图书管理员说她已经两次请Professor Grand拿来多份论文～但总是很快就被借走
了。其他选项在对话中都找不到依据。
21. What does the woman suggest that the man do?
【解析】选[A]。对话的最后部分女士建议男士明天一早就过来(come in first thing tomorrow
morning)～并告诉他开馆时间为8点。
Conversation Two
M: Come on, Julie, how are we going to convince everybody that I'm the best candidate? W: It won't be easy!
M: Thanks a lot!
W: Oh, just kidding. Actually, I think once we show everyone how well you did asjunior class treasurer, you are sure to be elected president.
M: Well..., what's your strategy?
W: One thing I was thinking of is to hang campaign posters in all the hallways. M: But everyone puts up posters. We need to do something different.
W: Let me finish. The campus radio station is willing to let you have five minutestomorrow morning at seven to outline your plans for the year. Lots of students will hear you then. M: Great idea!
W: I've also arranged for you to give a speech during dinner time tomorrow. Over a hundred students will be there. And you can answer questions after you finish speaking. M: That means I'd better come up with a speech pretty quickly. How about if I write it tonight and show it to you after chemistry class tomorrow?
W: Fine. I'll see you after class.
M: You are really good at this. I'll be glad you agreed to help me out. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. What election are the speakers discussing?
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in200
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【解析】选[D]。听对话～注意对话开头部分～捕捉与elected相关的信息～根据the best candidate～
sure to be elected president可以判断他们谈论的是学生会主席的选举。
23. What do we learn from the conversation?
【解析】选[D]。对话首句男士问how are we going to...;女士策略:One thing I was thinking of...,
I've also arranged for you...。根据细节进行推理可知～女士是在帮助男士策划竞选活动。
24. What will the man do tonight?
【解析】选[B]。听音时捕捉与选举有关的动作行为:come up with a speech以及write it tonight。
问题问男士今天晚上将要做什么～[B]为细节再现。
25. What will the speakers do after chemistry class?
【解析】选[B]。听对话～捕捉与选项有关的表动作的词句～come up with a speech～and show it
to you after chemistry class。问题问谈话者化学课后做什么。根据细节进行推理～应该是Review
the man's talk。
Section B
Passage One
Human beings enjoy challenges. Many of them like physical challenges. They ask themselves questions like these: How fast can I run? How high can I climb? How deep can I dive? How far can I swim? How long can I hold my breath? How much can I lift? How high can I jump? Because people enjoy challenges, they like to play sports and watch other people play sports. They like climbing, running, diving, lifting, jumping, and so on. Every four years millions of people all over the world enjoy the international sports competition called the Olympics. There are challenges that are not physical challenges. There are social and intellectual challenges, too. Leonardo da Vinci, who lived in Italy during the fifteenth century, enjoyed every possible challenge. He was an artist and painted the well known picture, the Mona Lisa. He was an engineer who made plans for a city with roads under the street for traffic. He was an inventor who invented a device to let people breathe under water. He was a scientist, and he learned a great deal about human structure.
Another kind of challenge faced the Egyptians between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago when they decided to build the first pyramid. They used six million tons of rock. That is enough to build a ten foot wall around all of France. Four hundred thousand men worked for twenty years to build it.
So, for thousands of years, people accepted challenges. Today we still have many challenges before us. Medical science faces the challenges of conquering the many diseases which still attack human beings. Engineers and planners must build new cities and new kinds of transportation. Scientists must develop new forms of energy. And many of us are interested in the challenge of space. We live in an age of challenge.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. When people participate in sporting activities, what kind of challenge do they face? 【解析】选[B]。预读选项可知此题询问的是challenge的类型。在听的过程中需要留意涉及类型的
细节。文中开头的Many of them like physical challenges后用一系列的例子～如How fast I can
run,...They like climbing, running...表明～当人们参加体育活动时他们面对的是physical
challenges。
27. Which belongs to social challenge?
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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【解析】选[D]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对四种行为在细节上的区分。在听的过程中需要留
意文中出现了哪几种行为、分别是为了说明什么问题而出现。
28. How do people react to the category of social challenges?
【解析】选[C]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查They对them的态度。在听问题时需要留意They
和them分别指代的是什么。
Passage Two
Today we?ll examine the role that private transportation — namely, the automobile — plays in
city planning.
A number of sociologists blame the automobile for the decline of the downtown areas of major cities. In the 1950?s and 1960?s the automobile made it possible to work in the city and yet live in the suburbs many miles away. Shopping patterns changed; instead of going to downtown stores, people in the suburbs went to large shopping malls outside the city and closer to the home. Merchants in the city failed, and their stores closed. Downtown shopping areas became deserted. In recent years there?s been a rebirth of the downtown area, as many suburbanites have moved back to the city. They?ve done this, of
course, to avoid highways blocked with commuters from the suburbs. I?ve chosen this particular city planning problem—our dependence on private transportation — to discuss in
groups. I?m hoping you will all come up with some novel solutions. Oh, and don?t approach the problem from a purely sociological perspective; try to take into account environmental and economic issues as well.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. How did the automobile affect the work force in the 1950?s and 1960?s?
【解析】选[B]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对It对workers或jobs的影响。在听问题时需要
留意It指代的是什么。
30. What problem did downtown city merchants face in the 1960?s?
【解析】选[C]。预读选项可知此题是考查对四种负面事实的区分～需要留意文中关于这些细节的陈
述。
31. According to the speaker, why are some people moving back to the city? 【解析】选[D]。预读选项可知此题询问的是关于某件事情的原因。文中提到人们从乡下搬回到城
市的原因是:to avoid highways blocked with comustters...,[D]是对此的同义转述。
Passage Three
The United States operates under a federal system of government. Under the federal system, power is divided between the central government and the states. The central government is given specific powers. These powers are named in the Constitution. Powers that are not assigned to the central government in the Constitution belong to the states. The central government can pass laws that affect trade between states. The central government can also make treaties with foreign countries. It has the power to print money. The Constitution gives the central government these powers. These powers belong to the central government only. However, the states have many powers that the central government cannot control. For example, a state is allowed to tax people who live and work in the state. The central government cannot put a limit on the amount of money that a state taxes its people.
Many people feel that the federal system has many good points. One good point is that it
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in202
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restrains the power of the central government. The central government cannot become too
powerful. Another good point is that the central government makes sure that the bigger
states don?t become too powerful. Under the Constitution, all states are treated equally. The
laws of the central government do not favor one state over another. Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. What does the passage mainly tell us?
【解析】[B]。在听录音之前～预览四个选项可知本文与federal system或central government and the states有关。而且这些选项的概括性很强～很有可能询问文章的主旨大意。
33. Which is the power of the states governments?
【解析】[B]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对四种行为在细节上的区分。在听的过程中需要留意文
中出现了哪几种行为、分别是为了说明什么问题而出现。
34. What is stated in the passage?
【解析】[D]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对四种事实的区分～而且均与中央政府和每个州的权
力有关。
35. According to the passage, what is a good point about the federal system? 【解析】[A]。预读选项可以推测此题是考查对四种事实的区分～需要留意文中出现了哪种或哪几
种事实。
Section C
36.【解析】feared。根据either...or...可以判断所填词和respected词性一致(即也是v+ed形式)～
语义相对。一方面是尊敬之情～那么另一种可能就是畏惧之情了。
37.【解析】rank。从authority可以判断此处指的是社会中的等级。
38.【解析】including。根据对句子结构的分析可以判断所填词和America一起构成句子的状语～
因此应该填入分词形式。
39.【解析】developing。所填词的宾语为exciting new ideas～从宾语的感情色彩可以判断所填词
带有褒义～根据空前的may be判断应该填入动词的 ing形式～构成正在进行时。
40.【解析】prizes。目的是为了encourage such creativity～那么提供的应该是奖励了。
41.【解析】accomplishments～意为“成就～成绩”。通常来说奖励的是所取得的成就。并且所填词
和discoveries形成并列关系。
42.【解析】considered。所填词与本句中的as构成固定搭配(consider...as...)。
43.【解析】manners～意为“礼貌～礼仪”。根据空格后的that young people lack respect for authority可以判断此处是说对年轻人的礼貌有害。
44.【答案】This impression may be created when visitors notice young Americans asking questions and arguing with older people
【Main Points】Young people may leave bad impression when they ask questions and argue with older people.
45.【答案】It is vital to remember that it is the person?s ideas that are being questioned, not
the individual himself
【Main Points】It is important to remember that people argue about ideas instead of the
individual himself
46.【答案】so that the work of the business can progress in the most effective manner possible
【Main Points】so that the business work can go on the most effectively development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Part IV Reading Comprehension
Section A
47. N
[分析] 由定冠词可知此处需要名词。由result in 以及used or discarded electronic products
等词可以推断出此处需要表示‚产生?之意的词～故选generation。
48. H
[分析] 此处需要一个动词～与宾语environmental risk搭配。文中说对电子产品的处臵也许会….
环境危害～进而由disposal 和risks推断出此处需要一个表示‚造成～引起?之意的词～故选
pose。
49. J
[分析] 此处需要形容词来修饰impacts。由前面的reduce可以推断出这里应是减少不好的影响～
故应为 negative impacts ,负面影响,。
50. A
[分析] 由in the form of 可以知此处需要名词。与energy 和 resource 搭配的词应该是
conservation ,能源～资源的保存,。
51. G
[分析] 此句主谓完整～需要副词修饰efficient。文中提到因为再利用无须加工处理～所以最为
环保与经济。在这里的副词备选项里只有 economically ‚经济地?能与efficient搭配。 52. M
[分析] 由to 可以知此处需要动词来引导后面的that 从句。从上下文的意思来看～这里需要一个表示‚保证～确保?的动词。Assure 后面不跟从句～常用 assure sb. of sth.结构。 Ensure 后面跟 that 从句～ 或用ensure sth.结构。 故选 ensure。
53. L
[分析]由 feasible 以及 and 可以知此处需要一个和feasible 同词性的词～而且与with搭配～
又由后面的requirements 推断出此处应为consistent。Be consistent with ‚与…一致～ 与…
相符?。
54. B
此处需要一个形容词～修饰one (指issue)。由空格后的require the work and ….推断出再利用应该是一个比较复杂、棘手的问题。故选complex。
55. F
[分析] 由空格后的of people可知这里需要名词。由work and….推断出空格处需要的词与 work 应为并列关系～再由前面的require 推断出此处应为 commitment ,承诺～保证,。 56. E
[分析] 此处需要一个动词～与宾语this issue 搭配。在动词选项中只有address ,向 致辞～ 演说,符合语义～在文中表示说出这个问题以引起大家的关注～这样才能使问题在将来得到解决。
Section B
57. B
主旨题。该题要求学生总结文章的主题。文章主要写了银行发展的两个方面:一是银行的外在建筑风格～过去的银行通常有heavy walls, barred windows 以及bronze doors～给人以非常可靠、放心踏实的感觉,二是银行的功能转变。选项B正是恰当的概括～所以应该是正确答案。文章并无涉及
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in204
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Yangshuo New Start English College 现在和过去对钱的价值比较～所以A项‚钱不如过去值钱?不对。文章也没有对比哪种建筑风格更好～所以C项‚过去的银行的建筑风格比现代银行的建筑风格更好?也不对。D项说‚偏见使得老一辈人认为现代银行不可靠?～不符合文章意思。
58. D
细节归纳题。问题问老一代人与年轻一代人对钱的认识态度是什么,老一代人的看法可以从第三段开头看出:‚In his generation money was thought of as a real commodity that…?年轻一代对钱的看法可以从第四段第四行至第六行～尤其是‚… he offers us a service in which the most
valuable element is the creativity for the invention of large numbers.?从上可以归纳出D项为该题的正确答案。
59. C
语义题。该题较容易～只要参阅第三段‚commodity?后的定语从句‚that could be carried, or
stolen.?这实际上就是解释老一代人对钱的看法～他们认为钱是可以被携带或被偷走～也就是可以能摸得到的实实在在的东西～C项正确。
60. D
细节推论题。问题问现代银行应该具有什么功能,四选项的意思分别是:A,‚充满雄心且友好?～B,‚可靠且威力无穷?～C,‚明智且不可穿越?～D,‚富有想象且有创造性?。要回答这个问题～应定位在文章第四段‚…in which the most valuable element is the creativity?和第五段‚… boasts of imaginative powers.?从中不难看出现代银行应该是富有想象力并且有创造力。 61. C推论题。该题要求学生判断作者对银行的外在风格和功能的转变这一趋势的态度。最明确的提示应该是第四段开头‚But the attitude toward money has, of course, changed.?随后进一步分析了现代银行不同于过去银行的功能～作者用了‚creative imagination?, 可以看出其态度是肯定的。C项正确。
Passage 2
文章导读:太空是个充满了神秘的地方～同时也藏着危险。其中来自外太空的辐射尤为恐怖～但是～看完这篇文章～你会相信聪明的人总会找到一些解决办法的。
62. A
问题问的是为什么大气层对人类是至关重要的。文章的第四句说到了大气层屏蔽了大量的外来射线。
63. B
A～C～D选项内容在文章中均没有明确肯定～只有B对应了原文的第二段的第四句话---问题在于很难发现辐射对人的损伤～当事人当时可能感觉良好～但是他的遗传细胞可能受到损伤～将会影响到他的孩子～甚至后代。
64. D
从文章中我们得知～到现在为止还没有报告显示阿波罗号受到辐射损害～所以A～B～C选项均与文章意思相悖～只有D相对正确。
65. B
该题对应了原文的最后一段。文章说虽然到现在为止还没有报告显示阿波罗号受到辐射损害～但毕竟它登月的时间短。人类能否长时间接受辐射照射还是个未知数。防辐射的药虽然已经研制出来～但只能削减辐射对人类的损害～还谈不上根治。所以说防太空辐射不是容易的事情。 66. D
此文主要是谈辐射的危害大以及防辐射的一些措施。D最准确。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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Part IV Cloze
内容梗概
议论文。人们总是想预测自己今后的命运如何。未来的境遇往往是依赖于现在的努力～正所谓‚有因有果?。当然～这种因果关系不是绝对的～而是概率性的。如果你能明白为什么有此事物是相与联系的～为什么有些固定的模式总是出现～你就可以不仅仅单纯地依靠观察和记忆～而会更好地预测将来。
67(A,
动词辨析。Exhibit此处意为‚表现出?～相当于display或者show,符合题意。避错指导exaggerate‚夸张～夸大?,examine‚检查～研究?,exceed‚超越～超出?。 68(B,
名词辨析。Circumstance此处意为‚情总～境况?。这句话意为‚实际上～所有人在预测自己今后的境况时都有自己的愿望?。避错指导context‚上下文～背景?～intuition‚直觉?和case‚情况～案例?～均不合题意。
69(C,
动词辨析。Undertake意为‚从事?～强调主动做某事～由于其后的task～故此处选C,。避错指导underestimate‚低估?,undermine‚削弱?,undergo‚经历?～一般是被动地经历某事。 70(D,
动词辨析。本句意思为:我们意识到未来中国的境遇通常在某种程度上依赖于现在的境遇。recognize此处为‚认识到～承认?～近义词为realize.避错指导recall‚回忆起～想起?,recede‚后退～衰退～衰落?,reckon‚认为?。
71(A,
语义衔接题。Somehow副词～指‚由于某种原因～以某种方式～用某种办法?～符合题义。避错指导somewhat‚稍微～有点?,C,和D,都为代词故排除。
72(B,
语义衔接题。此处应该用one的复数形式ones代替circumstances. 73(B,
动词辨析。本句前半部分意思是:我们发现～受教育会影响到今后我们会掐多少钱。Affect为动词～意为‚影响?～符合原文逻辑。避错指导affect作动词指‚使产生～造成?,reflect‚反映?,decide‚决定?～均不合题意。
74(C,
名词辨析。我们也会预见到在有暗礁的海面上淤泳可能会碰到鲨鱼。这里用一个暗喻来表示因果关系～说明现在的境况或多或少决定着安排好的‚会议～约见?等,occurrence为occur的名词形式～意为发生的‚事情～时间～事故?,sighting为名词～意为‚目击事件～发现～看见。? 75(A,
名词辨析。人们也清楚这种方式的因果关系是概率性的～pattern为名词～意为‚模范～图案～式样～方式～模型?～符合上下文的意思。避错指导design作名词～意思为‚图案～花样～结构～预谋?等～也可以当动词使用,arrangement‚安排?。
76(B,
形容词辨析。原句为:That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than
when the causes ate ,but not always.此处是个比较～而前者是causes occur～那后者肯定是causes don?t occur～而符合此意的只有absent。
77(A,
逻辑衔接题。这里需要承接上文的词～且应该具有‚因此?的含义。上面讨论的是研究中的‚必然性?问题～也就是～没有什么事情是绝对可能发生的～社会研究中的因果关系一般都是
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in206
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Yangshuo New Start English College probabilistic～也就是发生的概率。作者在后面举例说～‚也就是说～那些刻苦读书的学生往往会取得好成绩～但是并不是每次都这样。?四个选项中惟一有承接关系的词是Thus,故选A,。避错指导So that一般不用于句首。
78(B,
动词辨析。‚刻苦努力就会成绩好?～作者在这里叙述的是一般存在客观现象～应用produce。 79(C,
动词辨析。原来的句子为:科学使得这些因果性和可能性的概念更清晰～并提供了一定的技巧～比起一般的研究方法～让人们能列有效地把握这些概念。这里需要的词～应该是‚提供～给予?等意义的词汇～因此只有provide最合适。避错指导prevent‚避免?,produce‚制造?,predict‚预言?～这三项均不任命原文逻辑。
80(D,
固定搭配。Deal with为固定搭配～指‚安排～处理～对付?。
81(A,
动词辨析。In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to distinguish between prediction
and understanding.即考察人类的研究活动时～我们必须分清预测和理解。Distinguish‚把…和…分开～辨别～辨认?～一般和 from或between搭配。避错指导distinct为形容词～意为‚清楚的～明显的～截然不同的～独特的?,distort‚歪曲～曲解?,distract常与from连用～指‚使…注意力转移～使分心?。
82(B,
固定搭配。act on…‚按照…行事。?
83(C,
名词辨析。此处需要一个动词～表达‚激发～促使?等意～只有motivate符合要求。避错指导motion作动词时意为‚用动作打信号,打手势?,motive一般不作动词用～作名词时意为‚动机,目的?～作形容词意为‚起动的～发动的?,activate一般意为‚刺激,使产生活动,激发～激活,启动?。
84(D,
名词辨析。这种预测的尝试经常是基于知识和理解力的背景之上的。context‚上下文～前后关系?,避错指导content‚内容?,contact‚接触,联系,关联?,contest‚斗争～争夺,比赛～角逐,竞争?。
85(B,
动词辨析。Occur‚发生?。原句为～如果你能明白为什么有些事物是相互关系的～为什么些因定的模式总是出现～你就右以不仅仅单纯地依靠观察和记忆～而更好地预测将来。Occur‚突然发生?～可以和happen相互交换使用。但是在本文中～occur的主语为pattern～更侧重于‚出现?的含义～因此不能用happen代替。
86(A,
固定搭配。aim at意思为‚以…为目标,瞄准?～为固定搭配。
Part VI Translation
87. By taking exercises
解析:通过锻炼～我们可以保持健康。其实这题答案不止一个。‚锻炼?可以用名词也可以用development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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动词短语。‚通过?可以用by表示方式～through 表示途径。 By taking exercises /Through
exercises。往往by用于‚by + doing?～而through后接名词哦。
88. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed
解析:‚听音乐?在句中作主语～‚听?应当处理成动名词形式。‚能使我们放松?很多同学会
采用 can make us feel relaxed的结构。其实～enable就有‚能够使某人……?的含义～注意enable
sb. to do 的表达。
89. On no account can we
解析:本题是强调语气～强调‚决不能?～所以联想到on no account ,by no means, at no time, in no case等。不管用哪一个～都要注意它们是含有否定的意味的～因此在臵于句首时应使用倒装
语序。
90. fake and inferior commodities
解析:‚假冒伪劣商品?包含两层含义:一是假货～二是次品～在翻译成英文的时候应该注意
两层含义的正确译法。‚假冒?不能用false而应选择fake～‚次品?可以说inferior表示质量差～
也可以用commodity of low quality。
91. draw useful lessons from it
解析:句意为:面对失败～有的人能够顽强抵抗～从中吸取教训～努力实现他们的目标。本句
由三个并列的谓语成分构成～谓语动词分别是stand up to‚汲取?和try。‚汲取教训?正确表达
为draw a lesson from。然而我们又能从全句判断～从失败中吸取教训是为了将来能够更好地实现
目标～因此加上修饰语useful～使内容更明确
Model Test 3
Part ? Writing Letter for Internship
Dear Mr. Wang,
I?ve learned from the local newspaper that your company needs a number of interns in this summer. My unique mix of previous work experience and my status as a business major of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics make me an ideal candidate.
My experience in sales and customer relationship management, combined with my courses in marketing, has convinced me that marketing is a career option I would like to explore. More importantly, your company has an excellent reputation for customer satisfaction. I know that the combination of my experience, education, and motivation to excel will make me an asset to your marketing department.
I am sure that it would be worthwhile for us to meet. Should you have any questions before that time, you may reach me via phone (16916944169) or email (liHua2009@163.com). Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely, Li Hua
Part ? Reading Comprehension ,Skimming and Scanning,
,文章大意,本文讲述了智能电话的发展及其运用～如智能电话将具有支付功能并能下载游戏。
1. Y
题干说明智能电话不同于大部分标准的手机～因为它们能符合人们的特殊需要。文中第一段作者提
到智能电话具有可以将设备变得符合人们特殊需要的那种能力。所以题干句意是正确的。
2. NG
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in208
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Yangshuo New Start English College
题干说明使用大部分手机可以获得数据同步。文中第二段的第四点仅仅提到智能电话能够做到数据同步。故答案为NG。
3. Y
题干说明即时信息是智能电话的一个功能。文中第二段介绍智能电话拥有的功能中～第六个功能即是。
4. N
题干说明最新的智能电话可用来在零售店付账。文中第三段作者指出诺基亚6131可将电话用作无线信用卡～运用双向通信系统在某些零售店将支付信息传达到家。但目前这仍处于试验阶段。 5. Y
题干说明典型的智能电话是由处理器、提供必要功能性的计算机芯片装备而成。文章第四和五段分别讲述了这两个组成部分。
6. N
题干说明Symbian 系统将被使用在Apple?s iPhone里面。文章第六段最后一句中作者介绍了多种操作系统～其中OS X系统是被使用在Apple?s iPhone里面。
7. N
题干说明了GPRS符合第二代智能电话的标准。但是在文章第八段中第一句就指出GPRS直到现在还只符合过去2. 5G智能电话的标准。
8. Enhanced Data GSM Environment / EDGE 题干提问什么在美国被使用～速度快于GPRS～但仍然是2. 5代。作者在第九段中提到EDGE速度是GPRS的三倍～但仍然是2. 5代～第三代3G是最新的技术。
9. Bluetooth
题干提问什么技术能够让智能电话连接多种设备～比如打印机、扫描仪、输入设备、计算机和耳机。文章第十一段专门详细介绍了bluetooth,蓝牙,的功能。
10. Java/ the Jave programming language 题干提问智能电话兼容了什么就可以下载应用游戏等等。文章第十三段介绍了智能电话装配Jave之后可拥有的功能。
Part ? Listening Comprehension
11. A 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. A
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D
31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. one sixth 37. among 38. remain 39. dropped 40. investment 41. private
42. concerned 43. conflicts
44. Throughout the world, many companies also express concerns about problems like
dishonesty and undependable electricity supplies 45. As of date, some political leaders call for a world tax to help finance an anti poverty campaign
46. However, others believe taxes on world trade would be undemocratic and impossible to
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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put in place
Part ? Reading Comprehension ,Reading in Depth,
Section A
47. D: warning
这里应该填个名词～根据句意:科学家们已经发出了警告～格林兰岛上的冰帽开始融化～warning“警告～预告”符合题意～为正确答案。
48. F: associated
分析句子结构可知～所填单词作后臵定语～修饰risks。 be associated with 表示“与……有关联”～这里的意思为:与气候变化有关联的危险。
49. C: previously
这里应该填个副词～来修饰动词thought～previously“先前～以前”～此处表示比人们先前的想法要更加严重。
50. G: raise
这里少个动词～根据句意:格林兰的冰帽溶化将使全球的海平面升高～ raise“升起～提高”～而elevating表示“举起～提拔”的意思。
51. E: disturbed
这里少个形容词～此处的句意为:如果冰帽从中间溶化～那麻烦可就大了～disturbed“扰乱的”。 52. I: avoiding
这里在介词of后面应连接动名词～可选项中只有两个动名词 elevating和avoiding。此句的意思是:为了相对确定地避免这种变暖的现象～故选avoiding。
53. O: desirable
这里少个形容词～根据句意:首席科学家大卫•金说,那个目标是我们非常想得到的～desirable“值得要的～令人想要的”符合题意。
54. K: politically
这里应该填个副词来修饰unfeasible, 句意为:但是从政治上来说是难以实施的。 55. H: predicted
这里少个形容词来修饰melting point, 这句的意思是:各种散发物的温度已经高于预知的冰帽的溶点～predicted“预知的～预言的”。
56. N: satisfactory
系表结构～应该填个形容词～这句的意思是:形势并不让人满意～故satisfactory“令人满意的”为答案。
Section B
Passage One
,文章大意,本文介绍了Rosa Parks一位伟大女性的生平事迹。Rosa Parks 被人们称为“全民权利运动之母”和20世纪最重要市民之一。她毕生为了种族平等权利而奋斗～并且获得了很多荣誉奖章～比如:总统自由勋章、议会金章等等。
57. D题干提问在20世纪60年代是什么样的乘坐公车制度。可对应文中第二段～答案A和B可先排除掉～答案C比较片面～答案D比较全面地回答了问题。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in210
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Yangshuo New Start English College 58. B词汇题。boycott“联合抵制、抵制”～句意是:人们要联合起来拒绝乘坐那种有隔离区域的汽车。
59. D题干提问最高法庭对阿拉巴马州的公车制度作出了什么裁决。根据关键词Supreme Court定位到第三段第四行～答案为outlaw segregation on city buses。
60. B题干提问Martin说“人们感到厌倦的时代来了”意味着什么。这句话显然是表示对种族歧视的愤怒～要求废除各种种族歧视制度。
61. A题干提问Rosa Parks被称为 “全民权利运动之母”主要是因为什么。 本文主要讲述了Rosa为了反对种族歧视而倡导的平等权利运动。故答案A最合适。
Passage Two
,文章大意,这是一篇关于飓风的简单介绍。飓风是发生在海洋里的巨大的热带暴风雨～其移动非常缓慢～所以人们有机会逃离。在6月1日至11月30日的官方飓风季节里～这些巨大的风暴有时冲击到美国的沿海地区。研究气候的气象学家和科学家非常仔细地观察这些风暴～并根据风暴的强度将其分为五个范畴。
62. A题干提问根据文章～关于飓风的描述哪一项是不正确的。文章一开始就介绍～飓风热带暴风雨～起源于热带海洋。文章的第二段说明在飓风登陆以后会带来强降雨。故选项A是错误的。 63. B题干提问飓风何时最有可能袭击美国。在文章的第三段～作者介绍所谓的飓风季节是从6月份到11月份～故美国在8月份最有可能遭受飓风的袭击。
64. C题干提问大部分人能够逃离飓风是因为什么。文中第二段末句～飓风移动非常缓慢～所以人们有机会逃离。
65. D题干提问对于海滩城镇～飓风最危险的部分是什么。文中第二段第五行～飓风瀑潮,storm surge,是让人们搬离海岸城镇的主要原因。
66. D细节推断题。题干提问美国最不可能受到飓风袭击的是哪个地区。从文章第三段可知大西洋沿海和海湾地区最容易受飓风袭击～美国的西南地区和太平洋沿海则很少受到飓风袭击。 Part ? Cloze
67. C固定搭配。draw up 拟订、制订、起草,draw out 抽出,draw back退缩,draw away 退走。
68. A介词辨析。本句表示“这是一个时期——当希腊文明达到了顶峰～并且有太多值得自豪的东西”～at its height表示在顶点、顶峰。
69. D固定搭配。be proud of...值得自豪的,pride,v.,自豪,proud ,adj.,自豪的。 70. B形容词辨析。这里需要一个形容词修饰ancient wonders～表示被人们公认的古代奇迹。approved 经批准的,accepted 公认的,acknowledged被普遍认可的,agreed 同意的。 71. C连词辨析。这里需要一个连词引导从句～表示“虽然……,though,”。
72. A形容词辨析。这里需要一个形容词～表示它已经变成西方神话中确定的、熟悉的一部分。established 确定的、已制订好的,authorized审定的、经授权的,assigned指派的, affirmed断言的。
73. B固定搭配。副词短语for the present “暂时”。
74. C词形辨析。句中系动词keep后应跟动词的 ing形式。
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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75. D名词辨析。句中需要一个名词来表示“世界文化遗址”。 place地方、地点,location位臵、场所,space空间、空地,site地点、遗址。
76. A词形辨析。复合句的从句中需要一个谓语动词。根据文章时态～动词用一般现在时态。
77. D名词辨析。根据下一句中的“vote”～可以推断出瑞士冒险家韦伯开始的是一个关于“世界新七大奇迹”的竞选活动。activity 行为、行动,project计划、
方案
气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载
,advertisement广告,campaign竞选活动、作战。
78. B名词辨析。根据文章句意～应该是公众通过电话或网络来进行投票决定。people人们, public公众,persons人,personnel人员、职员。
79. C词形辨析。这里句意是:七大优胜者将于7月7日在葡萄牙里斯本被公布。这里是一般将来时的被动语态～故选C。
80. A固定搭配。be fascinated with 对……着迷。本句句意为:为什么人类要对他们的建筑成就那么着迷。
81. B名词辨析。本句句意:为什么在今天我们仍然要建设那些大的也许看上去是没有用途的纪念碑。mission使命、任务,purpose?? 意图、用途,aim目标、目的,goal目标。
82. C固定搭配。at any rate ,副词短语,至少、无论如何。
83. D名词辨析。本句句意:也许创造这些建筑仅是人类的部分目标——想要被记住。
construction???? 建筑,production生产,discovery发现,creation创造、创作物。
84. B词形辨析。句意同83题～这里需要动词的被动形式～to be remembered。
85. C连词辨析。 这里需要一个连词引导原因状语从句。while当……时候、虽然,whereas然而,for因为,although虽然、尽管。
86. D词形辨析。这里是后臵定语短语修饰people。be associated with,与……相关联,省略掉be动词～形容词短语作后臵定语。
Part ? Translation
87. With his promotion
88. the mother felt that she did not have to make such commitment to him
89. but only ended in vain / but we made no headway 90. has increased by more than 80% between 2001 and 2004 91. From management s standpoint
Tape Script of Listening Comprehension
Model Test One
Section A
11. M: Excuse me. I?m new here, and what are the rules for borrowing books? W: You need to present your library card when checking out materials, and the total number
of items that can be borrowed is 25 items, but for first-time users, it is 5 items.
Q: How many books can the man borrow?
12. M: I?m going to the museum Sunday afternoon. There?s a new exhibit of Indian art from
Arizona. Want to go with me?
W: I?d love to, but my best friend is getting married on Sunday.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in212
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Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
13. W: We have just got the schedule for the next semester. Will you take biology? M: I don?t see any point in doing that. I?ve had enough science courses.
Q: What does the man mean?
14. W: Sam won?t be able to play in the basketball game this week. Is that true?
M: Yeah, he hurt his knee pretty badly a while back, I don?t know why he didn?t quit right away.
Q: What does the man mean?
15. W: I?m going to the zoo to make some sketches of elephants tomorrow. I?ll leave at six in the morning.
M: May I go with you? I have the same assignment.
Q: What do we learn about the man and woman from this conversation?
16. M: I?m going to be up all night studying for my exam. I can?t afford to fail again.
W: Do you really think that?s wise? I think you need to talk to your teacher and find out where you need to focus on.
Q: What does the woman imply?
17. M: Professor Freedman, maybe you?d better find another actor to play this role. The lines are so long. Sometimes I just completely forget them.
W: Look, Sam, it?s still a long time before the first show. And I don?t expect you to know all the lines yet. Just keep practicing and I?m sure you will get them.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
18. W: Excuse me, Professor Clark. Since class is canceled on Thursday. When are we going to have the quiz?
M: It will be postponed until next week?s class.
Q: What does the man mean?
Conversation One
M: Last time we talked about the history of paper, but do you know what paper is used for? W: Oh, that?s an easy question. Paper is used for newspapers, books, writing paper,
envelopes, wrapping paper, paper bags.
M: Yes, actually only half of the paper that is made is used for such purposes. Have you got an idea about other uses of paper?
W: No, I?m afraid not.
M: There are many other uses. Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often protected with paper. Perhaps you?ve seen homeless people asleep on a large number of newspapers.
W: Yes, I have. So they are protecting themselves against cold.
M: You are right. In Finland, it is very cold in winter. It is sometimes 40 degrees Centigrade development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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below zero. The farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer. W: Oh, that?s unbelievable.
M: Now more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper plates, cups and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper. W: Fascinating!
M: People have made paper boats, but they have not yet made paper planes or cars. Just wait, they probably will.
W: Well, you have become an expert on paper. How do you know all that?
M: You know I?m preparing for a presentation, so I?ve looked up a lot of material.
W: Well, I?m sure your presentation will go really well.
M: Thank you.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What function does paper perform in house building?
20. Why do farmers in Finland wear paper boots in snow?
21. What is true of paper planes and cars?
22. How does the man get to know so much about paper?
Conversation Two
W: Hi, Jim, I have something urgent to talk over with you. Could you spare a few minutes right now?
M: Sure, come in and take a seat, please. What?s on your mind?
W: I was just talking to the lab supervisor. He said the main frame was repaired yesterday. That helps a lot, but there are some other problems with our students.
M: Again? What?s the problem this time?
W: He said the students are supposed to reserve the terminal computers for only one hour a day because so many students need to use them every day.
M: We have already made it as a regulation to reserve the terminals within the hour given. Haven?t we?
W: Yes, we have. But quite a number of our students are required to accomplish such assignments as designs and researches towards the end of the semester.
M: I can see that. But does it bring about any problem?
W: Well, now it frequently occurs that some of our students aren?t willing to give up terminals when their hour is over.
M: I suppose they feel that since they are almost done, a few more minutes won?t matter.
W: Yes, most likely. But this renders it inconvenient for people who are waiting for their turn to use the machine.
M: You?re right. Let?s draft the memo right now. We can pass it out in our classes tomorrow to clear up the problem. To make it known to all will be crucial to the solution. W: I agree. And now I consider it necessity to tighten the control over the time limits.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in214
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Yangshuo New Start English College
M: Okay. Let?s get started right away.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. How long is each student allowed to use the laboratory?
24. What is one of the problems in the laboratory?
25. What are the speakers going to do next to solve the problem?
Section B
Passage One
Jellyfish are not really fish. Unlike fish, they have no bones at all. Most jellyfish live in salt water, apart from a few types that live in fresh water. Jellyfish are found in oceans and seas all over the world. They live in warm, tropical seas and in icy waters near the North and South poles. Adult jellyfish are shaped like an open umbrella or a bell. Tentacles dangle down from the edges of a jellyfish?s body. At the center of a jellyfish?s body, where it is widest, is the mouth. The ends of the tentacles have stinging cells on them, which jellyfish use to paralyze and catch their prey. The sting from a jellyfish can be very painful. Some jellyfish, such as the sea wasp, have powerful enough stings to kill people. Life for a jellyfish begins as an egg. Adult jellyfish release thousands of eggs into the water. The eggs develop into larvae. These larvae attach to rocks or other objects on the ocean floor and grow into a polyp. Polyps usually grow in colonies, or groups. They look like plants because they attach to the ground and grow upwards. The polyps grow taller until they look like tall stacks of saucers. The saucers gradually detach themselves from the polyps and swim free. These free-swimming saucers are young jellyfish. The jellyfish then grow into adults, lay eggs, and the life cycle begins anew.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. Which of the following is NOT true of jellyfish?
27. In which part is found the mouth of a jellyfish?
28. Why do polyps look like plants?
Passage Two
A grapefruit-size meteorite crashed through the roof of a house in New Zealand this spring, hit the ceiling, slammed into a couch, and rolled under a table. Experts say the extremely hot rock was traveling about 500 kilometers an hour when it crashed through the roof. Its landing made a terrific explosion. Astronomer Joel Schiff of the University of Auckland said, “It is most likely a chip off an asteroid and is older than anything else on Earth.” The meteorite is about 4.5 billion years old. “It is one of the few physical records of the early solar system,” Schiff said. According to experts, the space rock was probably traveling
50,000 kilometers an hour when it reached Earth?s atmosphere. Earth?s atmosphere slowed it down. Most likely the space rock came to Earth from an asteroid belt located between Mars and Jupiter, some 700 million kilometers away. Luckily no one was hurt when the development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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meteorite landed, but it could mean money from the heavens for homeowners Phil and Brenda Archer. Experts say the space rock—only the ninth known meteorite to land in New
Zealand—is probably worth more than U.S. ,30, 000! But don?t expect to get rich on
meteorites. Most space rocks entering the Earth?s atmosphere burn up during their journey.
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What happened after the space rock landed?
30. Why is space rock one of the few physical records of the early solar system? 31. Why is the space rock worth so much money?
32. Why don?t we always expect to get rich on meteorites?
Passage Three
Altruism is when members of a species put aside their immediate needs—and may even
suffer in the short term—for a greater good that will benefit the group as a whole. Other mammals such as chimpanzees and dolphins, birds, and even insects show altruistic traits, but altruism is more developed in homo species than any other species. And there?s evidence that
we?re becoming more altruistic as time goes on. Members of a species typically only show altruism to their own tribe—the enemy tribe over the river are still the enemy. But over the last ten thousand years ago or so of human civilization, the “tribe” has gradually been getting bigger. Thanks to another by-product of the human brain, the advanced form of social organization we call “culture”, we?ve become more and more dependent on each other. The “tribe” has enlarged—from the village, to the city, the nation state, the trading block, and now in the 21st century, the global village. Global institutions, international treaties, the opening up of global trade and financial markets, and the mass media, have interconnected us and diminished tribal differences that formerly made us enemies. They make it increasingly difficult for us to act in destructive, aggressive ways without indirectly harming ourselves. Global treaties like the Kyoto Protocol and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty might just be signs that we can address the problems created by our brain.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. Which of the following species are more altruistic?
34. What does “tribe” probably mean in the passage?
35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as contributing to diminishing tribal differences?
Section C
The World Bank estimates that more than one thousand million people live on less than one dollar a day. These are the poorest of the poor, about ,36, one-sixth of the world
population. About 50% of the people in several African nations are ,37, among the world?s
poorest. These nations include Ethiopia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Zambia. But even though these areas ,38, remain extremely poor, world poverty has been cut in half over the last 20 years. The number of poor people ,39, dropped by almost four hundred million between
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in216
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1981 and 2001.To reduce poverty, the World Bank suggests developing nations should expand the possibilities for business and ,40, investment. The bank notes that ,41, private
industry creates more than 90% of jobs in developing countries. The report for 2005 is based on questions asked of more than 30,000 businesses in 53 developing countries. World Bank researchers found that companies are most ,42, concerned about how governments
decide to enforce laws. About 90% of those in Guatemala reported policy ,43, conflicts
with their government. This was true of more than 70% of businesses in Belarus and Zambia. ,44, Throughout the world, many companies also express concerns about problems like dishonesty and undependable electricity supplies.,45, As of date, some political leaders call
for a world tax to help finance an anti-poverty campaign. They suggest international finances, airplane tickets and sales of heavy weapons are just some of the things that could be taxed. ,46, However, others believe taxes on world trade would be undemocratic and impossible to put in place.
Model Test 4
Part ? Writing
Housing Problems in China
Nowadays, housing prices in Chinese cities have been on the rise. In less than a decade, housing prices have doubled and even tripled. The rise in housing prices has brought an unspeakable burden to the average person.
In most Chinese cities, the average income per year for the urban dwellers is between 20,000 to 30,000 RMB. However, a decent two bedroom apartment—about 100 square
meters—cost almost one million RMB. Just imagine that a couple, both employed, would have to save all their income up to 20 years before they can afford to buy such apartment, disregarding the mortgage interest which has been rising for the recent few years.
In view of the seriousness of this problem～I think the government need to take
effective measures to lower the housing prices, making sure that the ordinary people can have some living space for themselves. Firstly, the government should try to provide cheaper housing units for low income people. Secondly, the government should crack down on real estate speculation and stabilize the housing prices. If the housing problems are not dealt effectively, the reform program in China will face bitter resentment from the ordinary people.
Part ? Reading Comprehension ,Skimming and Scanning,
,文章大意,本文讲述了智力测试,IQ tests,与智力及其天才之间的关系。指出天才并不是智商
极高的人～而是具有极强的想象力和创造力～并在某一领域取得杰出成就的人。
1. NG 爱因斯坦所发现的公式是E=mc2～这一公式的确是描述物质和能量之间的关系。但是文章
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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并没有提到这一点。故正确的答案是NG。
2. Y 题干说明有些人对智力测验,IQ tests,表示疑问～因为智力测验无法用来检测一个人的全部智力。在第三段中～作者指出其他人感到智力测验只能检测一个人全部智力的有限部分。 3. N 题干说明作者认为天才就是一个智商极高的人。这种说法并不正确。作者在第四段中指出～在这篇讨论天才的文章中～天才并不是智商极高的人～天才是指作出重大发现或发明的人～或在艺术领域取得杰出成就的人。
4. Y 根据题干的指示词如high functions、thought和reasoning～可以定位答案在Genius and the Brain一节。作者指出大脑的功能分高端和低端。思维和推理,thought and reasoning,是高端功能～它们位于大脑的皮层。
5. N 在Genius and the Brain一节中～作者介绍了加利福尼亚大学Irvine分校的一项研究成果～大脑皮层中的灰色物质对智力的影响要大于脑容量。
6. Y 在Genius and the Brain一节中～作者介绍了一篇刊登在《自然》上的论文。这篇论文认为～大脑皮层在儿童时期密度变大～成年以后则会变小。论文并说高智商儿童的大脑皮层密度变大的速度要比其他儿童快。
7. N 在Genius and Intelligence一节的第二段中～作者介绍对智力进行测验的历史已有数千年～但是智商测验,IQ,则始于19世纪末。另外～从下一段的第一句中～我们知道智商测验是一种标准化的测验。
8. a genius 在Genius and Intelligence一节中～作者指出大多数人在智商测验中得分在90至110分～超过了140分的人就是天才。故正确的答案为a genius。
9. imagination and creativity 在Creativity and Genius一节中～作者认为发现、发明和创造除了智力以外～还需要想象力和创造力。故正确的答案是imagination and creativity。
10. bipolar disorder 在文章倒数第三段～作者指出作家和艺术家患双向情感障碍,bipolar disorder,的机率要大于一般的人。作家和艺术家当然是creative people。故正确的答案是bipolar disorder。注意:根据心理病学家的研究～双向情感障碍,bipolar disorder,并非是精神分裂症～后者的英文名称是schizophrenia。
Part ? Listening Comprehension
11. A 12. A 13. C 14. A 15.C 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A
21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. C 30. B
31. D 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. missing 37. illegal 38. amounts 39. conducted 40. collected
41. healthy 42. chance 43. identify 44. That information could then be used to develop machines to test for the chemicals
45. The team also plans to use dogs to help identify markers for other kinds of cancer
46. The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimates this disease kills more than
100,000 people each year
Part ? Reading Comprehension,Reading in Depth,
Section A
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in218
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Yangshuo New Start English College 47. L: evaluation
这里需要填一个名词来和前面的description和interpretation并列～根据此句的意思:艺术评论家就是描述、解释且给艺术品估价的～evaluation“估价～评价”符合题意～为正确答案。 48. E: distinct
这里需要一个形容词来修饰profession, 此句的意思是:自19世纪以来～艺术评论一直是一种独特的职业～distinct“清楚的～明显的～独特的”。
49. N: institutions
从two modern这两个词判断～这里应该填一个名词的复数～可选项中只有一个名词复数institutions“公共机构～协会”。
50. C: marketplace
根据此句的意思:艺术画廊给艺术品提供了这样一个市场～marketplace“集会场所～市场”。 51. I: interested
这里应该填个形容词～以修饰audience。根据句意:报纸上刊印的一些关于艺术的文章都是给感兴趣的读者看的～interested“感兴趣的”符合题意。
52. G: patronage
这里应该填个名词～official patronage表示官方的赞助～是最佳答案。
53. F: determine
动词不定式to 提示我们这里应该填一个动词原形～在可选项中只有support和determine两个动词原形～根据这句的意思:评论家会指派专家用X光～声谱仪或其他的物理和化学分析来检测艺术品的年代并且确定在作品中使用的原料和方法～determine“确定～测定”符合题意。 54. A: originality
这里应该填个名词～an artist?s originality表示艺术家的创意。
55. M: departs
分析句子的语法结构可知～应该填入动词第三人称单数。depart from为固定搭配～表示“违反～背离,常规、传统,”。
56. H: engaged be engaged in为固定搭配～表示“从事……”。
Section B
Passage One
,文章大意,一个新的报道指出尼泊尔搬运工的头部搬运方式让他们成为世界上最能效的人类搬运机。本文中讲述了一些研究学者在比利时等做了男性、女性用头部搬运物品的实验～实验说明尼泊尔搬运工表现得更好～意味着他们取得世界上最厉害搬运工的称号。
57. B题干提问关于尼泊尔人搬运方式～从本篇文章我们可以知道什么。文中第一段第二句给出了答案～他们的方式是用一个头带束住去支撑一个篮子～就这样使他们成为世界上最能效的人类搬运机。
58. C题干提问关于尼泊尔搬运工最令人惊奇的是什么。文中第二段～作者讲到抽测中平均男性可以运载相当于他们身体重量的90%的货物～而女性大约是66%～其中一人运载了将近其身体重量development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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两倍的货物～所以这是最令人惊奇的。
59. A题干提问对尼泊尔人搬运方式的研究结论是什么。文中第三段第二行～这项研究报告表示与一组欧洲人做了同样标准的测试比较～尼泊尔人展示了more economical energy use for all loads～故选答案A。
60. D词汇题。cost代价～,使,花费,金钱、时间、劳力等,。根据本篇的句意～这里是指不需要“费劲、花力气”地去承载货物。
61. C题干提问先前关于非洲女性的研究表明了什么。文中最后一段第十行～前面讲述了对非洲女性的研究后～作者认为the Nepalese porters performed better, 故选答案C。 Passage Two
,文章大意,本文介绍了在女性中～太阳光中紫外线照射的时间会影响患非霍奇金淋巴瘤的几率。淋巴瘤是涉及全身淋巴系统的癌症。一些调查实验表明在六十年内～那些每年,晒黑行为,suntan少于三个月的女性～要比那些从来没有去suntan的女性患淋巴瘤的风险几率高三倍。 62. A题干提问对非霍奇金淋巴瘤的了解。文中第一段介绍了非霍奇金淋巴瘤～其是涉及到身体内淋巴系统的一种癌症。
63. D题干提问文中的“female controls”是指什么。文中第三段内容为～研究人员检查一组来自于“a case control study of women living in Connecticut”的数据～这个研究涉及到的是确诊为患非霍奇金淋巴瘤的601位女性和生活在康涅狄格州的female controls。所以female controls的句意为:那些正在临床研究中接受测试和观察的女性。
64. A题干提问如果女性做什么～她们可能会增加患淋巴瘤的风险。文章第六段表明～夏天上午九点到下午三点有最多量晒黑行为的女性比有最少量晒黑行为的女性患淋巴瘤的风险高70%。故选答案A。
65. C题干提问为什么常规的晒黑行为似乎不会增加女性的危险。文中第五段末句～常规的晒黑行为也许有了保护性的色素沉着,pigmentation,来减少紫外线的吸收。
66. C题干提问为什么调查人员计划去进一步研究非霍奇金淋巴瘤。文章最后一段中～作者提到调查人员认为进一步研究是有必要的～是为了调查是否遗传感病体,genetic susceptibility ,有可能改变太阳曝晒和患上非霍奇金淋巴瘤之间的关系。
Part ? Cloze
67. A词义辨析。句中需要一个形容词修饰things～表示细菌是非常小、活动的东西。living活的、现存的,live生活,lively活跃的,alive活着的。
68. D连词辨析。这里需要一个连词来引导状语从句～句意为:当我们用英寸或厘米来测量我们的尺寸时～细菌的尺寸却要用微米来测量。as当作,because因为,although??? 虽然,while当……时候～用于连接从句常表示对比和转折。
69. B词义辨析。句意为:一微米是一毫米的千分之一～一个大头针的平头大约为一毫米宽。across,adv.,“从一边到另一边～横过～宽”～其他选项都不符合题意。
70. A介词辨析。这里表示“以直径测量”～故用in diameter。
71. C关联词辨析。这里需要一个关联词引导条件状语从句。如果你将一个细菌放大一千倍～它将会大约是针头那么大小。once?????? 一旦、从前,when那时,if如果, since自从。
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in220
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Yangshuo New Start English College 72. C介词辨析。句意同71题～故选about。
73. D介词辨析。这里需要一个介词组成介词短语～用作句中的状语。句意为:甚至在有普通显微镜的情况下～你也必须仔细地去观察细菌。故选with。
74. A副词辨析。这里需要填一个副词去修饰形容词visible。句意为:有人发现即使使用一百倍的放大镜～细菌看上去仅仅是一些小点点。barely仅仅,clearly清晰地,more更多,less更少。 75. D固定搭配。本句句意:一个人不能辨认出它们的结构。make at袭击、扑向,make even,排字中,使最后一行排足,make for有利于、导致,make out说明、辨认出。 76. B固定搭配。attach to??? 附在、把……放在。
77. A介词辨析。本句句意:许多细菌缺乏关节～不能够通过他们自己的力量进行移动～而其他的细菌通过鲜为人知的机制可以越过表面沿着滑行。by通过。
78. C介词辨析。句意同77题。under在……之下,beneath在……之下,over在……之上、越过,above在上面。
79. D固定搭配。so...that...如此……以至于……。本句句意:细菌是如此的小～以至于它们受到周围化学分子的影响。
80. A介词辨析。句意同79题。be influenced by... 受到……影响。
81. B介词辨析。介词短语修饰主语～表示“显微镜下的细菌”～故选under。
82. C词形辨析。根据文章整体语境～这里用一般现在时态。bounce弹起～弹跳～跳动。 83. A固定搭配。collide with 与……冲突。
84. D介词辨析。这里表示时间“在十分之一秒内” ～故选within。
85. B介词辨析。本句句意:水分子运动如此之快～以至于在十分之一秒内～一个细菌周围的分子已经被新的所替代。be replaced by被……替代。
86. A词形辨析。be exposed to 暴露于……。
Part ? Translation
87. beyond my understanding
88. to make it possible
89. only to be told that his wife had left him 90. unless you want to offend him
91. there is still much room for improvement
Tape Script of Listening Comprehension Model Test 4
Section A
11. W: I stayed in the hospital for almost one month now. I?m worried about those classes I
missed when I was sick.
M: Don?t worry about that. I?ll try to bring you up to date on what we?ve done. Q: What does the man mean?
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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12. M: I?d like to get my sister a nice practical gift for her birthday. Do you have any positive suggestion?
W: What do you mean by that? Well, how does a hairdryer sound?
Q: What does the woman mean?
13. M: Though I?ve spent so much time on these physics problems, I?m getting absolutely nowhere with them.
W: How about my going through them with you? Perhaps you just need to look at them from a different perspective.
Q: What does the woman mean?
14. W: Do you ever think of changing your major to art? In that case, you won?t have spent too much time in labs.
M: Every once in a while. What if you did? You still have to work hard if you want to stand out.
Q: What does the man mean?
15. W: Can you make me a cabinet four feet high and three feet wide? I would like to place it in my study.
M: Sure, how many shelves do you need? I suppose you will use it for books and music CDs. Q: What most probably is the man?s occupation?
16. M: When is Jack going to finish writing that paper? I remember he started on it last summer?
W: I don?t know when he?ll be able to finish it, but he?s been working on it day in and day out.
Q: What does the woman say about Jack?
17. M: The winters here are usually mild. We have seldom seen too much snow. W: That?s the usual case, but I think this year would be different. Just wait and see what will happen.
Q: What does the woman imply about this winter?
18. M: What shall we have for lunch? I usually have a sandwich, which has meat and vegetables between two pieces of bread.
W: I?m not really hungry, you know. Is there any chicken soup left?
Q: Why does the woman make such remark?
Conversation One
W: Doctor White, we recently learned that a large piece of the Larsen Ice Shelf in Western Antarctica broke off in early January. Could you please tell us exactly what happened?
M: I?d be happy to. The piece that broke off was over a thousand square miles in area. More
recently and quite alarming to scientists is that the forty-mile crack, some thirty feet wide in places has torn through the ice shelf.
W: I understand that the scientific community is quite concerned. What is the significance
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in222
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Yangshuo New Start English College
of these events?
M: Well, some scientists believe that this is a clear sign of global warming. Back in 1978, some American researchers predicted that Antarctica would show early signs of global warming due to the greenhouse effect-you know, the process of heat been held at the surface of the earth by the atmosphere.
W: But couldn?t breaking ice shelves also be a result of the unusual weather Antarctica itself has experienced lately?
M: That?s certainly possible.
W: But you have to remember that over the past thousands of years, ice shelves have been through a lot of weather changes without breaking up.
M: Remember too that although ice shelves float on the ocean, they are attached to the continent and can be as thick as a thousand feet.
W: I think most people know that if the ice cap over Antarctica melts, the level of the oceans will rise. What?s sort of impact will this have?
M: Well, the ice shelves currently keeps the Antarctic continent from wind, which slows down melting. But without ice shelves to cool the wind, it would be warmer than usual as it flows over Antarctica. If the winds cause even a tenth of the continent?s ice to melt, the world?s oceans could rise as much as thirty feet.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
20. Why are the events important?
21. Why doesn?t the woman believe that weather is responsible for the recent events?
22. What would be the likely result of melting of the ice cap?
Conversation Two
M: I really don?t know what to do this summer. I can?t afford to just sit around, and there don?t seem to be any jobs available.
W: Why don?t you try house-sitting? Last summer my friend Margaret house-sat for the Dodds when they went away on vacation. Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didn?t want it left empty.
M: You mean the Dodds paid Margaret just to live in their house?
W: It wasn?t that easy. She had to mow and water the houseplants. And when Eric house-sat
for Mr. Cohen, he had to take care of his pets.
M: House sitting sounds like a good job. I guess it?s a little like babysitting except you?re taking care of a house instead of children.
W: The student employment office still has a few jobs posted.
M: Do I just have to fill out an application?
W: Margaret and Eric had to interview with the homeowners and provide three references development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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each.
M: That seems like a lot of trouble for a summer job.
W: The homeowners want some guarantee that they can trust the house-sitter. You know, they want to make sure you?re not the type who will throw wild parties in their house, or move a group of friends in with you.
M: House-sitters who do that sort of things probably aren?t paid then.
W: Usually they are paid anyway just because the homeowners don?t want to make a fuss.
But if the homeowner reported it, then the house-sitter wouldn?t be able to get another job.
So why don?t you apply?
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. What does the man want to do this summer?
24. What did the Dodds do when they went away last summer?
25. What is one responsibility the house-sitter probably won?t have?
Section B
Passage One
Plastic bags are everywhere. According to the Virginia-based American Plastics Council, 80 percent of groceries are packed in plastic bags. The numbers are absolutely staggering. It is estimated that consumers use between 500 billion and one trillion plastic bags per year worldwide. Plastic bags can be found in landfills, stuck on trees, and floating in the ocean. Some experts say that they harm the environment. Plastic bags can take hundreds of years to break down. As they break down, they release poisonous materials into the water and soil. Plastic bags in the ocean can choke and strangle wildlife. Endangered sea turtles eat the bags and often choke on them—probably because the bags look like jellyfish, the main food of many sea turtles. In fact, floating plastic bags have been spotted as far north as the Arctic Ocean to as far south as the southern end of South America. One expert predicts that within ten years, plastic bags will wash up in Antarctica! While some experts have argued for placing a tax on plastic bags, others worry that the tax would cause people who make plastic bags to lose jobs. Some people also worry that making plastic bags more expensive would increase landfill waste because stores would start using paper bags again. Another possible solution would be to use biodegradable plastic bags, a technology that has recently improved. Perhaps the simplest solution for now, however, is to pack groceries in reusable bags. Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What is NOT true about plastic bags according to the passage?
27. What is the evidence illustrating the threat of plastic bags to marine wildlife? 28. Which solution is strongly suggested by the speaker?
Passage Two
Insects are small animals without backbones. They go through life stages and have very different forms in each stage. Adult insects usually have three pairs of legs, one pair of
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in224
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Yangshuo New Start English College
antennae, and two pairs of wings. Insects breathe air through holes in their bodies. The body of an insect has three main parts called the head, thorax, and abdomen. You could barely see the feathery winged dwarf beetle because it is only 0.25 millimeters long. The walking stick of Southeast Asia is one of the biggest insects. It can be 50 centimeters long with its legs stretched out. Insects can live almost anywhere on Earth. Insects called rock crawlers live on the cold mountaintops of the Himalayas in Asia. These insects make a kind of antifreeze. The antifreeze works like antifreeze in a car. It keeps water in their bodies from freezing solid. Some ants live in the heat of the Sahara, a desert in Africa. They look for food even in the hottest weather, when temperatures can be higher than 116 Fahrenheit or 47 Celsius. Many insect species live in the fresh water of lakes, streams, ponds, and swamps. Very few insects can live in the salty water of the oceans. More insects live in tropical rain forests than any other place in the world. Scientists believe there are millions of insect species living in the rain forest that have not yet been found.
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. Which of the following is NOT true of insects?
30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a main part of an insect?
31. What can be learned about the ants living in the Sahara?
32. Where are few insects found according to the passage?
Passage Three
The latest UN climate change report was released in April 2007. According to the report, a 2—3 degree rise in temperature above pre-industrial levels will cause widespread damage to ecosystems, leading to the extinction of up to 30% of plant and animal species worldwide. For the human beings, they will suffer from heat stress and greater spread of tropical diseases. Potentially the biggest impact of climate change in Australia will be on water supply. The prediction is more where we don?t want it and less where we do. In other words, there will be
increased flooding in northern Australia, but southern and eastern Australia will have to see increased drought. With every capital city in Australia currently experiencing water shortages and rural areas reliant on water trading, even a small shift in climate could have major impacts on how we use water. Rural Australia particularly faces significant social impacts from further water restrictions and research is needed at a regional level to address rural water concerns, which could lead to a demographic shift away from rural Australia. Short-term solutions, such as water trading, won?t buffer farms from the losses expected from increased evaporation. Evaporation impacts on soil moisture, and on top of that farmers can expect decreased rainfall and decreased run off. Rainfall to run-off is in a ratio of one to three, so that any decrease in rainfall reduces run-off by as much as three times.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in-situ expansion. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Ya地址:广西桂林市阳朔县榕荫路9号 ngtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for development of water transport, but water with sp电话:(+86) eed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construction of transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of high-grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road
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33. How does the effect of climate change on the environment suggest?
34. What will be the biggest impact of climate change in Australia?
35. What is mentioned as a short term resolution?
Section C
Dogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find ,36, missing people and things like
bombs and ,37, illegal drugs. Now a study suggests that the animal known as man?s best friend can even find bladder cancer. Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with usual odors. Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors, even in very small ,38,
amounts, in urine. The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans. The study was ,39, conducted by Carolyn Willis at Amersham Hospital in England. For the experiment they trained different kinds of dogs and ,40, collected urine taken from
bladder cancer patients, from people with other diseases and from ,41, healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times. As a group, the dogs chose the correct sample 22 out of 54. That is almost three times more often than would be expected by ,42, chance alone.
Carolyn Willis says dogs could help scientists ,43, identify the compounds produced by
bladder cancer. ,44, That information could then be used to develop machines to test for the chemicals. Now, doctors must remove tissue from the bladder to test for cancer. ,45,
The team also plans to use dogs to help identify markers for other kinds of cancer. Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. ,46, The International Agency for
Research on Cancer estimates this disease kills more than 100,000 people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.
grade highway construction, and the overall technical levels improved significantly, which succeeds in improving road-f transport infrastructure at the same time, increase the intensity of hightion oopment of water transport, but water with speed ... Rate of 10.9% per cent. In recent years, Yibin city, stepping up construc. Jinsha River and minjiang rivers, the Yangtze River traverses northern border in Yibin city, with good conditions for develsitu expansion-development is limited by the handling capacity of the airport, not in226
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