英语定语从句

英语定语从句 why 1. 修饰,指代人物:关系代词who, that 引导的从句修饰,指代人物,在从句中作主语. (1) 关系代词作主语I thank the woman. She helped me. a. I thank the woman who (that)helped me. (2) 关系代词作宾语:关系代词whom, who, that在口语和非正式英语中更多的情况下,作动词宾语的关系代词常被省略. (2)The man I saw in the office told me to come back我在办公室见到的那位男士叫我回去.注意:1. 引导从句的关系代词一定要放在从句的最前面,例如: 从句whom I saw in the office2. 从句应尽可能地紧跟在所修饰的名词后面.从句whom I saw in the office应放在the man 后面. (3) 关系代词作介词宾语:当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,正式英语中,往往将介词提到关系代词前面.The woman spoke French.I traveled with her. a. The woman with whom I travelled spoke French.和我一起旅行的那位女士讲法语. 注意:在这类句子中修饰,指代人物时,只能用whom .关系代词不可以用who 或that. 也不可以省略关系代词.在口语和非正式英语中,介词往往放在原来的位置,即:在谓语动词之后.在这种情况下,关系代词可以是who/ whom/that, 也可以省略. b. The woman whom (who/that)I travelled with spoke English. c. The woman I travelled with spoke English. 2. 修饰,指代事物 关系代词that, which引导的从句用来修饰,指代事物,它们在从句中可以作句子的主语也可以作宾语. (1) 关系代词作主语 Did you hear about the earthquake It happened in San Francisco last week. a. Did you hear about the earthquake that(which ) happened in San Francisco last week 你听说上星期在旧金山发生的地震了吗 注意:当关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略.(2) 关系代词作宾语 例句: The movie wasn't very good.We saw it last night. a. The movie that /which we saw last night wasn't very good. 不. The movie we saw last night wasn't very good.我们昨晚看的那部电影不怎么样. 关系代词that / which 引导的从句修饰名词The movie.在从句that we saw last night中,that/ which 作动词saw的宾语.关系代词作动词宾语的时候可以省略. (3) 关系代词作介词宾语 在从句中,如果关系代词是作介词的宾语,正式英语中需要前置,即,将介词置于关系代词之前.例句: He is standing on a chair. Is it firm enough a. Is the chair on which he is standing firm enough 他站的那把椅子结实吗 on which he is standing 是which引导的从句,修饰the chair.Which在从句中作介词on的宾语.在英语口语和非正式的英语中,介词可以放在动词的后面.关系代词可以用which, that, 也可以省略. a. Is the chair he is standing on firm enough 从句that he is standing on中的介词后置,关系代词作介词on的宾语,可以用that/which,可省略. (4) 有些情况下,that不能与which交换使用. 当从句修饰不定代词,如all, everything, something, little, much, none,the only, those 等时,必须用that 来引导从句.在从句中that作动词的直接宾语时,可以省略. 例: Listen, there is something (that) I must tell you.听着,有些事情我必须告诉你. b. 如果先行词被上述不定代词所修饰时,引导从句的关系代词也应用that. 例: All the apples (that) we picked were sent to the factory.所有的我们摘的苹果都送到工厂. c. 如果先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰,从句应用that 引导. 例: This is the best novel (that) I know.这是我所知道的最好的一部小说. d. 如果先行词被序数词所修饰,从句应用that 引导. 例: The first English film that interested me was Gone with the Wind. 第一部使我感兴趣的英文电影是"飘". 3. 表示所有格关系whose 用来表示所属关系,它的意思相当于:his, her, its, their等等.Whose 可以用来修饰人,也可以修饰物.whose和它所修饰的名词都置于句首. (1) 修饰人物a. The man whose wallet was stolen called the police. 钱包被窃的那个男人给警察打了电话.Whose 在从句中起定语作用,修饰wallet, 意是his. (2) 修饰事物 a. I'm working in the house whose walls are made of glass我在四面墙都是玻璃 的房子里工作.whose = of which 4. 修饰表示时间的名词When 引导的从句往往是用来修饰一个表示时间的名词,如:time, year, month, day, century 等等.When 在从句中起时间状语的作用. a. I'll never forget the day when(on which) I met you.我永远也忘不了见到你的那一天. 例句a. 中when引导的从句修饰the day. When在从句中起时间状语的作用,意思是on the day. 因 此,when可以用on which替代. (2)1949 is the year.The new China was founded then (in that year). a. 1949 is the year when(in which) the new China was founded. When引导的从句修饰表示时间的名词the year. 1949年是新中国成立的那一年.When在从句 中作时间状语,意思是in that year. 在此句中,when 可以用in which 来替换.看例句b. 在句 中,which 指代的是the year. (3) 7:50 is the time.My plane arrives then (at that time). a. 7:50 is the time when(at which) my plane arrives.7:50 是我乘坐的飞机到达的时间. 5. 修饰表示地点的名词 Where引导的从句用来修饰表示地点的名词,例如:city, country, room, house等等.Where 在从 句中起地点状语的作用. (1) The building is very old.He lives there (in that building). a. The building where/ in which he lives is very old. b. The building he lives in is very old.他 住的那座楼很旧. Where在从句中作地点状语,意思是in that building. b. 介词前置 如果用 where引导从句修饰名词,从句中就不必使用介词.否则就必须使用介词. 祝你学习进步。