山东省实验中学2013届高考复习--名词性从句

山东省实验中学2013届高考复习--名词性从句 山东省实验中学2013届高考复习——名词性从句 考点知识清单 复合句包括两个或两个以上的主谓结构，其中一个是主句，另一个是从句(即在整个句子中作句子的一个成分，不能独立)。按照从句在句中的功能，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为这四种从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词，因此，统称为名词性从句。名词性从句需由连接词引导，连接词主要有三类:从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。从属连词只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用，又在从句中充当某一个成分。另外，名词性从句要用陈述语序。 知识梳理 考点一 主语从句 常引导主语从句的连接词有从属连词:that(无词义)，whether,if(是否);连接代词:what(什么;所……的)，who(主格，谁)，whom(宾格，谁)，which(哪一个)，whose(谁的)，whatever(无论什么)，whoever(主格，无论谁)，whomever(宾格，无论谁)，whichever(无论哪一个)等;连接副词:when(什么时候)，where(什么地方)，why(为什么)，how(怎样)等。 1(that引导的主语从句 that只起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作成分，一般不能省略。如: That he will come and help us is certain(他来帮我们是肯定的了。 That pneumonia is a comrnon disease is known to all。 众所周知，肺炎是一种普通疾病。 2(whether,if引导的主语从句 whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。whether,if只起连接作用，译成“是否”，在从句中不作成分。如: Whether it is true remains a question.它是真是假，还是个问题。(不能用if) It is doubtful whether the manager knew the details of the plan( 经理是否知道计划的细节，还值得怀疑。(也可用if) 3(wh-类连接词引导的主语从句 wh-类连接词除起连接作用外，还在从句中作成分。连接代词主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词在从句中作状语。如: What you are doing is very difficult( 你正在做的事情很难。(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语) Whoever breaks the law should be punished( 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。(whoever引导主语从句，在从句中作主语) Who will do the job has not been decided( 还没决定谁去做那份工作。(who引导主语从句，在从句中作主语) When we shall have our sports meet is still a question( 我们将什么时候开运动会还是个问题。(when引导主语从句，在从句中作状语) 4(It+谓语+主语从句 有时主语从句放在句首，句子显得笨重，常把主语从句移到句末(用it作形式主语。常用句型有以下四种: (1)It+系动词+形容词+that,wh-从句 常用于这种句型的形容词有:good(好);important(重要的);likely(可能的);unlikely(不可能的);possible(可能的);clear(清楚的);necessary(必要的);true(真的);wrong(错误的);natural(自然的);strange(奇怪的)。如: It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow( 很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。 It is certain that your son will do well in his exam( 你儿子在考试中取得好成绩是毋庸置疑的。 It is very important that we must master English words as many as possible( 我们必须尽可能多地掌握英文单词，这是很重要的。 (2)It+系动词+名词+that,wh-从句 常用于这种句型的名词有:a fact(一个事实);a good idea(一个好主意);an honor(一种荣誉);a mystery(一个奥秘);a question(一个问题);a pity(一个遗憾);a shame(一种耻辱;一个遗憾);a pleasure(一件乐事);no wonder(难怪);common knowledge(常识)。如: It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday( 你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish(鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。 It is a complete mystery how the prisoner escaped(囚犯是如何逃跑的，还是一个谜。 (3)It+系动词+过去分词+that,wh-从句 常用于这种句型的分词有:known(众所周知);proved(证明);said(据说);reported(据报道);decided(作出决定);suggested(有人建议);advised(有人建议);ordered(根据命令);remembered(有人记得);thought(有人认为);considered(据认为);well known(很著名);hoped(有人希望);turned out(结果);pointed out(有人指出)。如: It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment( 据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。 It is known to all that the earth is round( 众所周知，地球是圆的。 It must be kept in mind that theory is combined-with practice( —定要记住理论联系实际。 (4)It+不及物动词+that,wh-从句 常用于这种句型的动词有:appear似乎，好像;happen碰巧;matter重要;occur发生;seem似乎，好像。如: It seems to me that you object to the plan(在我看来，你好像反对这个计划。 It happened that I was not there that day(碰巧那天我不在那里。 It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car( 他突然想到钥匙也许丢在车里。 注意 以上四种句型中前三种在表示建议、要求、命令、愿望、责任、义务时，从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略， 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc 成“应该”，如表示的是过去的动作，要用“should+have+过去分词”形式。如要表示对现在事物的惊奇、遗憾、惋惜时也常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，翻译成“竟然;居然”。 It is advisable that she(should)take a couple of days of rest( 建议她应该休息一两天。 It is suggested that each student(should)sing a song in English( (有人)建议每个学生唱一首英语歌曲。 It is strange that he sbould say so(他居然会这样说真是奇怪。 it is a great pity that you should think so(你居然会这样想真是一件可悲的事。 It is no surprise that Carl should have won the game(卡尔赢得比赛并不奇怪。 5(主语从句应注意的几个问题 (1)that引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，但是在下列情况下that从句不可提前。 ?在It is said,reported,believed,hoped that...的结构中。如: It is reported that a bank was robbed yesterday. 相当于A bank is reported to have been robbed yesterday. ?在It happened,occurred,seemed...的结构中。如: It happened that the teacher was not in the office that day( ?含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时。如: Is it true that you will give up the job?你将放弃工作是真的吗? (2)下面这种情况常用it作形式主语。 在It doesn’t matter+what,whether,if,how...结构中。如: It doesn’t matter what you say(你说什么没关系。 Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程师是男是女，这有什么要紧呢? (3)由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题 what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但是，在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对待取决于其成分的含义。如: What we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。 What I did was to turn off the radio(我做的就是关掉收音机。 What I want you to learn now is to remember more words( 现在我想让你学的是记住更多的单词。 What were left behind were five empty bottles(扔掉的是五个空瓶子。 考点二 宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句称作宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词大体一样，用法也一样，宾语从句可分为四类:动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句，非谓语动词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 1(动词的宾语从句 (1)that引导的宾语从句 ?that常用来引导宾语从句，在口语和非正式文体中that常省去。如: Richard hopes(that)the teacher won’t ask him a question( 理查德希望老师不会问他问题。 I believe(that)you are telling the truth.我相信你正在讲述事实。 ?在ask，suggest，demand，desire，insist，order，command，propose，recommend，require等表示要求、愿望、命令、建议等意义的动词之后，that从句中常用“(should)+动词原形”这种虚拟语气形式来表达。如: The teacher suggested that we should call off the plan( 老师建议我们应该取消这项计划。 The company demanded that the production(should)rise at the rate of 5 percent a year( 公司要求，生产应该以每年百分之五的速度提高。 ?当主句谓语动词为believe，expect，imagine，suppose，think等表示“认为”、“猜想”、 “估计”的意思时，其后的宾语从句如果带否定意义，通常应将否定词“not”前置于主句谓语上。如: I don’t think(that)he will succeed(我认为他不会成功的。 I don’t suppose thal anyone will object to the plan( 我想不会有任何人反对这个计划。 She didn’t imagine that we would say anything(她想到了我们不会说任何事情。 ?如果宾语从句后跟有补语，常用it作形式宾语，而将从句放到补语之后。如: I think it important that young people master two languages( 我认为年轻人掌握两种语言是重要的。 We must bear it in mind that theory should be combined with practice( 我们必须牢记理论联系实际。 I heard it said that the meeting would be put off(我听说了会议要推迟。 She took it for granted that you knew the matter( 她认为你知道这件事情是理所当然的。 ?在口语和非正式文体中，引导宾语从句的that常省去。但是如果有两个that引导的从句作宾语，第二个that通常不能省略，以免引起歧义。如: I know(that)you have studied English。and that you have written an English poem( 我知道你学英语了(还写了一首英文诗。 She denied(that)she had seen the man and that she had been in touch with him( 她否认她见过那个男人并和他保持联系。 ?在由doubt，doubtful引导的宾语从句中，如果主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if;如果主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词常用that。如: I doubt if,whether he can pass the exam(我怀疑他是否通过了考试。 I don’t doubt that he will pass the exam(我毫不怀疑他会通过考试。 I am doubtful whether,if they will win the game(我怀疑他们是否会赢得比赛。 I am not doubtful that he will get the job(我毫不怀疑他会得到工作。 (2)whether,if引导的宾语从句 whether,if引导的宾语从句，虽然是由一般疑问句转化而来，但要用陈述语序。如: “Do you have enough money?”he asked( He asked me whether,if I had enough money(他问我是否有足够的钱。 whether,if引导动词的宾语从句时，两者一般能互换，但在下列几种情况中，一般多用whether。 ?whether引导的宾语从句置于句首时。如: Whether he is an expert，I don’t mind(我不在乎他是否是专家。 ?whether后紧跟or not，不能用if;whether与or not分开，可用if。如: They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student( 他们怀疑杰克是否是个好学生。(不能换成if) ?discuss后的宾语从句。如: We are now discussing whether we should go swimming( 我们正在讨论是否去游泳。 ?后接动词不定式时。如: Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能告诉我是去还是留? (3)wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句 wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，但要用陈述语序。如: “Where has my mother gone?”he asked( ?He asked where his mother had gone(他问他妈妈去哪儿了。 I know what they are doing(我知道他们在干什么。 Do you know when the meeting will begin?你知道会议什么时候开始吗? I don’t mind what he said(我对他所说的话并不介意。 Take whichever you like best(挑选你最喜欢的随便拿一个。 2(作介词的宾语从句 (1)介词后面可以跟whether和wh-类连接词引导的从句。如: Success depends on whether we make enough effort( 成功取决于我们是否做了足够的努力。 She always thinks of how she can do more for the people( 她常常想到她怎样为人民做得更多。 As doctors，we must pay attention to what the patients complain of( 作为医生，我们必须重视病人抱怨的事情。 (2)that从句通常不能跟在介词后面作宾语，但可跟在带有形式宾语it之后作介词的真正宾语。这类词有see to，depend on，rely on，count on等。如: I am counting on it that you will come(我正指望着你会来。 See to it that the door is safely locked before you go( 你走之前一定要锁好门。 此外，在介词in，except，besides和but之后可以跟that从句，但多被看作固定用法:in that(因为……);except that(除了……);but that(要不是……)。如: I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of Tsinghua University( 关于他的经历，除了知道他是清华大学毕业生之外，我就一无所知了。 He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time( 他本来会帮助我们的，要不是他那个时候缺钱。 (3)if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换。但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if。如: It is a question of whether we should go((不能用if) 这是一个我们是否应该去的问题。 3(作非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的宾语从句 (1)从句作不定式的宾语。如: It is hard to say how long the operation will last(很难说手术会持续多久。 (2)从句作动名词的宾语。如: On learning(that)Mr(Wang was seriously ill，the doctor went to see him at once( —听到王先生病重了，医生立刻去看他。 (3)从句作分词的宾语。如: Knowing(that)the patient was very weak，the nurse saw him home( 护士知道病人很虚弱，陪着他回家。 4(作形容词的宾语从句 某些表示感情色彩或表示动态的形容词或分词(如:afraid，amazed，annoyed，anxious，aware，certain，confident，conscious，disappointed，doubtful，glad，pleased，sure，surprised 等)作表语时，后面可跟一个意义上相当于宾语的名词从句。如: She was afraid that she would lose face(她害怕会丢面子。 I am not certain whether he will go with us(我不能确定他是否会和我们一起去。 Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year( 我们的足球队很骄傲，它今年每一场比赛都赢了。 5.宾语从句的时态 主句与从句时态一致的问题 ?如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如: I know he lived in a city four years ago(我知道他四年前住在某个城市中。 He says he is going to swim with his friend tomorrow( 他说他打算明天和朋友去游泳。 ?如果主句是过去范畴内的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时)，那么从句中一定要用过去范畴内的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如: He said that he had seen the film(他说他曾看过这部电影。 She said that she would come(她说她要来的。 We discussed whether we should let him off(我们商量是否应该放过他这一回。 ?如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如: My father told me(that)the sun rises in the east( 爸爸告诉我太阳从东方升起。(真理) He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him(他说姚明比他高很多。(事实) 考点三 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于主句中的连系动词之后，常用的连接词与主语从句和宾语从句的连接词相同，用法也一样。此外，表语从句还可用as if,as though，because来引导。 1(that和whether引导的表语从句 that和whether只起连接作用;在从句中不作成分;that无词义，一般不省略;翻译成“是否”，whether在表语从句中不能换成if。如: What I particularly dislike about this lesson is that it is really boring( 我特别不喜欢这门课在于它真的枯燥。 The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product( 问题是我们能否降低产品的成本。(不能换成if) What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning( 他想知道的是我们明天上午能否完成工作。(不能换成if) 2(wh-类连接词引导的表语从句 wh-类连接词引导的从句作表语时，它们通常不含有疑问意义，而是分别表现具体的地点、时间、原因和方式等。如: This is what I want(这就是我想要的。 Xiao Li is no longer what he used to be(小李不再是以前的样子了。 That is why he caught a cold yesterday，那就是为什么他昨天得了感冒。 Their difficulty is where they can raise enough money( 他们的困难是他们到哪里能筹到足够的钱。 What is troubling us is when we can get the details of the news( 使我们困扰的是我们什么时候能得到新闻的细节。 [例1] The question he asked was _______ __the electrical equipment should be stored( A(what B(which C(where D(because [解析] 考生忽略了题目所给予的信息，本题空缺处之后的部分成分齐全，根据句意，可以用表地点的where来引导表语从句，句意:他问电力设备应安置在哪儿。 [答案] C [例2] Action，not talk was _______ she graded her students on( A(that B(how C(what D(which [解析] 句意:老师划分学生的程度所依据的不是学生的言辞而是学生的行为。这里what引导一个表语从句。 [答案] C 3(as if,as though，because引导的表语从句 (1)as if,as though引导的表语从句可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气(见虚拟语气)。如: It looks as if it is going to rain(看来要下雨了。 The patient looked as if he had been ill for a long time( 看上去，病人似乎已经病了很长时间了。 It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States( 听起来你好像来自美国南部。 (2)because引导表语从句时，主句主语不能用reason。如果主句主语是reason，表语从句连接词用that。(reason与because不见面。)如: —You look tired(——你看起来很累。 —It,This,That may be because I didn’t have a good sleep yesterday evening( ——也许是因为我昨天晚上没唾好。 The reason why she called me is that she will not attend the party( 她给我打电话的原因是因为她将不参加聚会了。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver drank too much。 这么严重的一起事故完全是司机喝酒太多造成的。 4(表语从句中的虚拟语气 如果主句主语是advice建议，demand要求，order命令，suggestion建议，requirement要求，request请求，proposal建议，command命令等时，表语从句要用虚拟语气，结构是“(should+)动词原形”。如: His suggestion is that we(should)set off at once(他的建议是我们应该立即出发。 My advice is that you(should)quit smoking(我的建议是你应该戒烟。 考点四 同位语从句 主句中有些名词词义比较抽象，如:belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，thought等，它们往往要求用从句来具体说明这一名词的实际内容或对该名词做进一步解释。这种从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般由that引导，that一般不省略。有时也可由其他连接词引导，如:who，why，how，whether等引导。 1(由that引导的同位语从句 同位语从句常放在某些名词的后面作同位语，如:answer回答;belief信念;conclusion结论;evidence证据;excuse借口;fact事实;fear恐惧;hope希望;idea想法;news消息;opinion意见;possibility可能性;problem问题;remark评论，意见;saying格言，谚语;suggestion建议。如: The order came that we(should)leave at once(命令是我们应马上离开。 I had no idea that you were here(我一点也不知道你在这儿。 The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure( 他要来的消息让我们兴奋不已。 An idea occurred to him that he might go there by air( 他突然想到一个主意，他可以坐飞机去那儿。 2(由wh-类连接词和how引导的同位语从句 The question who should do the job requires consideration( 谁应该做这个工作，还需要考虑。 I have no idea how soon they are coming(我不知道他们多久会来。 The problem，why you are going to give up the plan，has not been answered yet( 为什么你打算放弃该项计划的问题，还没有答复。 They are faced with tile problem whether they should continue the work( 他们面临着是否应该继续工作的问题。(同位语从句中whether不能换成if) [例] Do you have any idea _______ __is actually going on in the classroom? A(that B(what C. as D(which [解析] what引导同位语从句且在从句中作主语。that引导名词性从句时不能充当任何句子成分。which引导名词性从句意为“哪一个”。as不用来引导名同性从句。 [答案] B 考点五 what引导的一种独特的名词性从句 阅读语篇中经常会碰到这样的句子:After what seemed an endless wait，it was at last his turn to step into the consulting room((经过一段似乎无止境的等待之后，终于轮到他走进诊室看病了。)句子中的what seemed怎么理解，在句中充当什么成分?这对中学生而言是个难点。下面作一归纳 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ，供同学们参考: 1(结构: what引导的插入句+名词 2(说明: what引导的这个插入句对后面的名词起解释或说明作刚。省略它，主句的结构仍然完整。从意义上看，可将它视为定语，即句子作前置定语，修饰后面的名词，所以翻译时总是作为定语来处理。 3(用法: (1)表示对某事物的看法或态度; (2)表示不肯定、无把握及不确切的人或物; (3)表示对后面名词的解释或强调。 4(常见表达形式: (1)What one call或What is called (2)What sb(know as或What is known as或What is regarded as (3)What seem,appear(to sb()(to be) (4)What sb(think (5)What might be,have been等 5(例句: He Was born in what is now known as Shanghai(他出生于现在人人皆知的上海。 What is called atomic energy is actually nuclear energy( 所谓的原子能实际上就是核能。 In the gloom he saw what could have been a fox running into the bush( 朦胧中他看到可能是只狐狸模样的东西跑进灌木丛中。 考点六 感叹句形式的名词性从句 感叹句出现在主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句中时，记住还要用原来的感叹句语序。如: You never thought what a wonderful time we had at the party( 你想不到我们在晚会上玩得是多么开心。 What an interesting role she played in the film attracted the audiences’interest( 她在电影中扮演的那个有趣的角色吸引了观众的兴趣。 You can’t imagine what difficulty I had finding this shop( 你想象不到我费了多大的劲儿才找到这家商店。 考点七 含有插入语的名词性从句 有时候名词性从句中含有一个像I think(我想)，I believe(我相信)，I hope(我希望)，I suppose(我设想)，we think(我们认为)，They say(人们说，据说)这样的短句作插入语，这时，句子变得不易理解，考生对这样的试题很容易做错。 [例1] Do _______ you think is right， _______ others say( —Yes， _______ _. A(as;what;do B(as;whatever;will C(what;what;can D(what;whatever;will [解析] what引导宾语从句，you think是插入语。whatever引导让步状语从句。 [答案] D [例2] Many people thought little of me，but I did what _______ _( A(I thought l was right B(I thought it was right C(I thought was fight D(I was thought fight [解析] 题干中宾语从句中的I thought为插入语。插入语在题干中有着较强的干扰作用，做题时可将其去掉。本句的what(I thought)was right是宾语从句。 [答案] C 方法技巧清单 方法技巧 方法一 位置判断法——名词性从句在什么位置就是什么从句，有利于对句子整体理解。如: What he said astonished us( 他所说的话使我们很惊奇。(从句在主语位置，为主语从句) Everything depends on whether you have enough money( —切都看你是否有足够的钱。(从句在介词后，为介词的宾语从句) The question is where we’ll go this Sunday( 问题是我们周日去哪儿。(从句在is后，为表语从句) He expressed the hope that he would come to China again( 他表达了再来中国的愿望。(从句在抽象名词后，对名词解释说明，为同位语从句) 方法二 语序判断法——名词性从句要用陈述语序 [例] No one can be sure _______ in a million years( A(what man will look like B(what will man look like C(man will look like what D(what look will man like [解析] 本句是what引导宾语从句。句意:没有人会知道一百万年之后人类是什么样 子。根据这一方法，A是陈述语序。 [答案] A 方法三 成分判断法——看从句缺不缺成分，不缺就用that、whether,if;缺成分就用 wh-类连接词。 [例1] Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _______ _he had done the day before( A(that B(how C(where D(what [解析] 这是一个宾语从句。宾语从句中he had done后缺少宾语，所以要填what。句 意:小汤姆不愿意告诉他的校长前一天他做了什么。 [答案] D [例2] It has been proved _______ __eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life( A(if B(because C. when D(that [解析] 本句It作形式主语。真正的主语是后面的主语从句。从句说的是一个事实“童 年时期多吃蔬菜能有助于预防老年时一些重病的发生”。从句不缺任何成分。 [答案] D 互动训练 1.1 _______ fashion differs from cguntry to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 1.2 _______ the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing is known. A. / B. Whenever C. What D. That 1.3 This painting is splendid, but _______ we actually need it is a different matter. A. that B. what C. whether D. how 1.4 _______ _his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 1.5 _______ _was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As 1.6 _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 1.7 _______ _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who 1.8 It is none of your business _______ __other people think about you. Believe yourself. A. how B. what C. which D. when 1.9 _______ _seemed obvious to everyone present at the meeting _______ _Tom was worried. A. That;that B. It;that C. That;what D. It;what 1.10 It is a shame _______ _we lost that expensive car. A. that B. when C. as D. if 1.11 The Foreign Ministry said, “ _______ __our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 1.12 It is your own fault _______ _you are so tired. You oughtn’t to have stayed up so late. A. when B. how C. where D. why 1.13 It is known _______ _one and one makes two is correct. A. that that B. that what C. that why D. that all 1.14 ______in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-maiI account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 1.15 It suddenly _______ to me that we can ask our neighbours to help us. A. thought B. considered C. came D. occurred 1.16 It is a pity that he _______ __so careless. A. was B. will be C. should be D. can be 1.17 It is necessary that he _______ _the college entrance examination. A. should attend B. will attend C. must attend D. had to attend 1.18 _______ _has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month. A. As B. It C. What D. That 1.19 Does _______ remain to be seen _______ it will do us harm or good? A. that;that B. this;whether C. it;whether D. it;that 1.20 I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which 1.21 What we need _______ good textbooks. A. is B. are C. have D. has 1.22 What you said _______ the matter we are discussing. A. have something to do at B. has something to do with C. had something to do with D. has been something to do with 2.1 We were warned _______ _the journey would be dangerous. A. if B. whether C. how D. that 2.2 It was several years _______ _I finally realized _______ David had lied to me. A. when;that B. that;when C. before;that D. until;why 2.3 The leaders of the battle ordered _______ _all of us _______ __the work on time. A. if;finished B. that;finish C. whether;finished D. what;finished 2.4 The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _______ _the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 2.5 Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _______ _? A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she 2.6 The workers consider _______ _important _______ _the boss would agree to give them a rise. A. that;how B. it;whether C. this;if D. it;how 2.7 Why don’t you bring _______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. what B. it C. this D. that 2.8 He told me he had got used to the life there and _______ she was making progress. A. what B. / C. that D. if 2.9 Can you doubt _______ he will win? A. that B. whether C. if D. what 2.10 We don’t doubt _______ _he’ll give us much help. _______ _we doubt is _______ _he’ll come on time. A. whether;That;when B. that;What;whether C. whether;What;whether D. that;Why;whether 2.11 Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______ it is rough or smooth. A. / B. whether C. how D. what 2. 12 When asked _______ _they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which 2.13 We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 2.14 —Would you tell me______you want your tea, with sugar or milk? —Sugar, please. A. whether B. when C. what D. how 2.15 As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _______ _he will do or think. A. what B. which C. whom D. that 2.16 Choosing the right dictionary depends on _______ _you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. how D. whether 2.17 Will you see to _______ _that my children are taken good care of While I am away? A. them B. yourself C. me D. it 2.18 Human beings are different from animals _______ _they can use language as a tool to communicate. A. in that(因为) B. for that C. in which D. for which 2.19 He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _______ _his teammates had done. A. what B. which C. why D. while 2.20 Most of the university students are confident _______ __they can get a good job with higher pay. A. whether B. that C. where D. when 2.21 I think father would like to know _______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. how 2.22 I can’t make sure _______ _the key to the lab. A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where has Alice put D. where Alice has put 3.1 Perhaps _______ most separates the successful people from others is they live on purpose. A. what;that B. that;what C. that;that D. what;what 3.2 What we are not sure about is _______ _he will accept the invitation. A. if B. whether C. that D. which 3.3 Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s _______ __the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why 3.4 _______ she couldn’t understand was _______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What;why B. That;what C. What;because D. Why;that 3.5 —I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply. —Oh, it was probably _______ _I was watching a play in the theatre. A. what B. why C. when D. that 3.6 —Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game? —Oh, that’s _______ _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 3.7 Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s _______ it takes to do anything well. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3.8 Why doesn’t she buy us a drink? It isn’t _______ she had no money! A. unless B. even if C. as if D. though 3.9 The reason _______ he didn’t come was _______ he had to take care of his sick mother. A. why;that B. why;which C. which;why D. that;for 3.10 He didn’t see the film last night. That is _______ _he had to help his little sister with her homework. A. why B. because C. that D. how 3.11 My suggestion is that the sports meet _______ put off because of the fine weather. A. will not be B. be C. should be D. not be 4.1 Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _______ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 4.2 Danby left word with my secretary _______ _he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which 4.3 Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea _______ _the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where 4.4 The question came up at the meeting _______ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. what C. which D. whether 4.5 Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 5.1 The expert insisted that silkworms were first raised by a woman in _______ _is now Hebei Province. A. which B. that C. where D. what 5.2 At last the soldiers reached _______ ___the locals called the Golden Triangle. A. that B. where C. when D. what 5.3 _______ is Britain now used to be three different countries and over many years the three countries became one. A. It B. What C. Where D. As 5.4 After five days’ climbing in the mountain, they reached _______ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of. A. that B. where C. which D. what 5.5 The word“media”basically refers to _______ we commonly call newspapers, magazins, radios and televisions. A. which B. that C. where D. what 6.1 I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _______ _silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 6.2 Parents are taught to understand _______ _important education is to their children’s future. A. that B. how C. such D. so 7.1 The companies are working together to create _______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who 7.2 —What did your parents think about your decision? —They always let me do______I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what 成功体验 1.1 People in chongqing are proud of _______ they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how 1.2 —What about seeing a film? —The question is _______ _we’ll have enough time. A. that B. if C. when D. whether 2 They have no idea at all _______ _. A. what does this word mean B. what is the meaning of this word C. what kind of a meaning is this word D. what this word means 3.1 Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _______ __their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one 3.2 The trouble is _______ _we are short of hands. A. what B. that C. how D. why 专题十四 名词性从句 考点知识清单 互动训练 1(11 B 本题考查主语从句，本句主语从句是一个事实，不缺成分。句意:国与国之间的时尚差异可以从一个方而反映其文化的差异。 1. 2 D That引导的主语从句，主语从句是一个事实“第29届奥运会在北京举行”。 1(3 C whether“是否”引导的主语从句。句意:这幅画很棒，但是我们是否真正需要它是另一回事。 1(4 B 从uncertain“不确定”可推知该主语从句用whether“是否”引导，if一般不引导主语从句。 1. 5 C what引导的是主语从句，在从句中作主语。“she told me”是插人语。句意:她告诉我家庭对她最重要。 1(6 A 句意:学习英语最重要的是要有足够的训练。根据结构，空缺部分缺一主语。B、C选项不能胜任。根据句意，可排除D项。 1(7 C 本句是主从复合句，不选A和B。选C，Whoever引导的是主语从句，在从句中作主语，译成“无论谁”。而who的意思是“谁”，不合句意。 1(8 B It作形式主语，what引导的从句是真正的主语。What do you think about,of sb(,sth(?是用来询问对方对某人,某事的看法。用在名词性从句中，用陈述语序。 1(9 B 本题考查主语从句，It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 1. 10 A 句意:真遗憾我们丢了那辆昂贵的汽车。It+系动词+名词+that从句。 1(11 D 句意:外交部长说:“双方为和平而努力正是我们的希望。” 1(12 D why引导的主语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。根据后一句话提供的暗示，此处应为疲劳的原因。 1(13 A It作形式主语，第一个that引导的主语从句是真正的语，在主语从句里又有一个that引导的主语从句。句意:大家都知道一加一等于二是正确的。 1(14 C 本题用的句型结构是:It+系动词+过去分词+that从句。 1(15 D 记住句型:It occurs to sb(that+从句。“某人突然想起……”。 1(16 C should+v，should翻译成“竟然;居然”。句意:真遗憾他竟然那样粗心。 1(17 A (should)+v，should翻译成“应该”。 1(18 B It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 1(19 C 句意:它将对我们有益还是有害还有待进一步观察吗?whether…or…“是……还是……”。 1(20 D 句意:我在某本书里读到有关这方面的问题，这与哪本书有关系吗? 1(21 B what引导的主语从句，受表语good textbooks词义的影响，系动词用are。 1(22 B what引导的主语从句作主语，根据句意，最好用单数。而C是时态不对。句意:你所说的话与我们正在讨论的事有些关系。 2(1 D that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句句意完整，不缺成分。 2(2 C 第一空考查it构成的常用句型。several years是时间段，不是时间点，所以后面不能跟when引导的从句;本句也非强调句型，several years前少介词。此处为“过了几年才终于认识到……”，用before。第二空是that引导的宾语从句，作realized的宾语。 2. 3 B order“命令”，后跟that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气“(should)+v(”。 2(4 B insist“坚持”，后跟that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气“(should)+v(”。 2(5 D think，believe的主语如果是第一人称，反意疑问句与从句一致。如果是其他人称，与主句一致。 2(6 B it是形式宾语，whether引导的宾语从句是真正的宾语。 2(7 B it是形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句是真正的宾语。 2(8 C 如果有两个that引导的从句作宾语，第一个可省略，第二个通常不能省略。 2(9 A doubt的否定句，疑问句结构中后常跟that从句。 2(10 B doubt的肯定句结构中后常跟whether或if从句。 2(11 B 句意:大象有自己的方法来辨别物体的形状，它还可以辨别物体是粗糙的还是光滑的。whether引导宾语从句和the shape of an object并列。whether…or…的意思是“是……，还是……”。 2(12 A 句意:当被问及这些孩子们最需要什么的时候。他们的回答是:他们想让自己感觉到他们很重要并且是被爱着的。asked后面是一个宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作宾语。 2(13 C why引导的宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。 2(14 D how引导的宾语从句，how在从句中作方式状语。句意:——请告诉我你想怎样喝茶，是加糖还是加奶?——请加糖吧。 2(15 A 句意:作为他最好的朋友，我能够准确地猜出他要做什么，想什么。本句中用what he will do or think作介词about的宾语。 2(16 A 句意:选择一本适当的词典要取决于你想用它要做的事情。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作for的宾语。 2(17 D see to it that…意思是“确保”，相当于make sure that… 2(18 A in that“因为”。 2(19 A 考查名词性从句。由句子结构看，mentioning后是个宾语从句，而从句缺少done的宾语，所以由what来充当。 2(20 B confident为形容词，后面跟一个宾语从句，因为从句说的是一个事实，不缺成分，用that。 2(21 C 由know可知其后的从句为宾语从句，连词在宾语从句中充当up to的宾语， “what I’ve been up to so far”意为“我目前一直在做什么”。故答案C正确。 2(22 D 宾语从句要用陈述语序。A和D是陈述语序，但A用的是过去完成时，时态不对。 3(1 A what引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语。that引导表语从句，从句是一个事实，不缺成分，用that。 3(2 B 既然是不确信，应该用whether,if“是否”。表语从句只能用whether。 3(3 A 句意:为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢，鲍勃?在那个地方有最好的工作。句中的downtown是地点状语，where在此引导一个表语从句，在从句中作状语。 3. 4 A 第一空what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语。第二空why引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语。 3(5 C when引导的表语从句，意思是“那很可能正是我在剧院看戏的时候”。 3(6 A what引导的表语从句，在从句中作主语，what相当于the game that。句意:——你还在想昨天的比赛吗?——噢，正是昨天的比赛让我感到兴奋。 3(7 B what引导的表语从句，作takes的宾语。句型It takes (sb)some time,sth(to do sth(。what相当于something that。 3(8 C 句意:为什么她不给我们买饮料?看起来她好像不是没有钱!as if引导的表语从句，从句用的是对“现在”的虚拟语气，用过去时态。 3. 9 A 本句句型:The reason why…was that… 3(10 B 句意:他昨晚没看电影，那是因为他不得不辅导他的小妹做作业。 3(11 D suggestion后的表语从句要用虚拟语气。“运动会不应该被推迟”，should+v(，should可省略。 4(1 B that引导同位语从句，因本句是否定句there is no doubt，所以用that，如果是肯定句，应用whether。 4(2 B word“消息”是抽象名词，后跟that引导的同位语从句，对其解释说明。句意:Danby给我的秘书留下口信说他下午会再打电话。 4(3 D 句意:明天是Tom的生日。你知道生日party在哪儿举行吗?where引导的同位语从句。 4(4 D 既然是问题，肯定没有解决，不选that。根据句意，应选whether。 4(5 B that引导的同位语从句，对promise解释说明。注意:Along with the letter was his promise是将表语提到句首的倒装句。 5(1 D 本题考点是what的特殊用法。从对多道这类题型的观察，选择what必须符合三个条件:?必须引导一个名词性从句，what在从句中作成分。本句what从句作in的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。?what+(主语)+谓语可以省略，原句还成立。本句省略what is。?what=the+名词+that可转换成定语从句。本句what=the place that。这三点都符合，就可以选what了。 5(2 D what引导的宾语从句，作reached宾语，what相当于the place that。what the locals called省略后，原句还成立。 5(3 B what引导的主语从句，what相当于the country that。 5(4 D 注意“they thought”是插入语，what引导的宾语从句。 5(5 D 句意:“媒体”这个词的基本含义是指我们平时所说的报纸、杂志、广播和电视。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语补足语，相当于the things that。若选A、B两项，则句中缺少先行词。 6(1 A what引导的感叹句，用于宾语从句中，还用感叹句语序。 6(2 B how引导的感叹句，用于宾语从句中，还用感叹句语序。 7(1 C create为及物动词，后边是宾语从句，从句缺主语。A是“哪一个”，D是“谁”，句意不对;that在从句中不作成分。they hope为插入语。 7(2 D “I think”是插入语，可将它去掉，减少于扰。本句是what引导的宾语从句。句意:——你父母认为你的决定怎么样?——他们总是让我做我所认为应该做的。 方法技巧清单 成功体验 1(1 C 句意:重庆人民为他们10年以来取得的成就而感到自豪。what引导的宾语从句作of的宾语，what在宾语从句中作achieved的宾语。which“哪一个”。how在从句中作状语。that在从句中不作成分。 1(2 D whether引导的表语从句，不能用if。 2.D 本题考同位语从句，名词性从句要用陈述语序。A和B是疑问语序，C表达不对。 3(1 A what引导的宾语从句作from的宾语，what在宾语从句中作speak的宾语。 3(2 B 表语从句不缺成分，是个事实，用that引导，一般不能省略。