英语复合结构语法知识系统归纳

复合结构 概述 英语复合结构是一种特殊的句子成分,它由两部分组成:第一部分是名词或代词,第二部分 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示动作或者状态。从逻辑上看,两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,很像句子的主语和谓语,但从结构上看却与句子中的主谓关系不同,区别在于复合结构的第二部分不是谓语形式,而是由动词的非谓语形式及其他词类或介词短语、从句组成的短语。 复合结构的作用相当于一个简化了的从句,它在句子中可起主语、宾语、表语、定语、和状语等作用。 分类 1、动名词复合结构 物主代词(或所有格名词、宾格代词、名词) + 动名词 1.1作主语 His/He coming home late worries his mother. John's /John coming here will get us out of trouble. 1.2作动词或短语动词的宾语 I don’t remember him/his giving me that book. Her parents insisted on her studying medicine. 1.3作介词宾语 I don’t like the idea of o ur living here. I knew nothing about the window being open. He left the city without our knowing it. 1.4 作表语 What is most important is Tom’s going there at once. The main trouble is their not having enough money. 2. 动词不定式的复合结构 for+ 名词(或宾格代词)+ 动词不定式 2.1. 作主语: It is difficult for him to write letters in English. 2.2. 作宾语: I think it better for you to go now. 我想你现在去更好。 2.3.作表语: The question is for you to decide.问题由你决定。 2.4. 作定语: She bought a lot of toys for the children to play with. 2.5. 作状语(通常表示目的或结果): The boy stepped aside for me to pass by.(目的)那男孩向旁边走了一步,好让我过去。 3. 独立主格结构 主格名词或代词+补足成分 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。(不绝对) 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。 4. 复合宾语结构 宾语+宾语补足语 His speech made us laugh. (不定式) When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. (介词短语) I want the house painted white. (分词) Don’ t keep the lights on all the night.(副词。这类副词还有:here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down等) We consider him one of our best friends. (名词) We found the movie wonderful. (形容词) 能够接复合宾语的动词可分为三类: (1)感官类,如:see, notice, watch, observe , hear, feel 等 (2)意识类,如:believe, think, suppose, consider, wish 等 (3)使动类,如:keep, leave; make, have, let 等 用法 with/without引导的复合结构 复合结构经常被用于with/without后面与其构成介词短语做一定的句子成分。1."with/without+复合结构"作状语 1.1. with(without)+ 名词/代词+形容词: She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold 。(伴随状语) 1.2. with(without)+ 名词/代词+副词: With the meal over,we all went home 。(时间状语) 1.3. with(without)+ 名词/代词+介词短语: The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his a rm 。(伴随状语) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand 。(伴随状语) 1.4. with(without)+ 名词/代词+动词不定式;作伴随状语。 He lay in the dark empty house , with not a man , woman or child to say he was kind to me. (伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him. (条件状语) 1.5. with(without)+ 名词/代词+分词。 She fell asleep with the light burning. (现在分词作伴随状语) Without anything left in the cupboard ,shewent out to get so mething to eat. (过去分词作原因状语) 2."with/without+复合结构"作定语 I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. (介词短语作定语) From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. (介词短语作定语) A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the hou se. (介词短语作定语) 3. with结构在句子中的位置 (1) with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开。 (2)表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。 (3)with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。 4. with 结构与一般的with短语的区别 with/without+复合结构组成的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语,复合结构中的逻辑主语和逻辑谓语存在逻辑上的主谓关系;在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。