RMAN常用命令汇总

RMAN常用命令汇总 1、连接到目标数据库(不用恢复目录数据库): Rman nocatalog target sys/change_on_isntall@testdb Rman catalog rman_user/rman_user@ora9rc target sys/change_on_install@testdb 2、SHOW命令: 显示rman配置:RMAN> show all; 3、REPORT命令: 1、RMAN> report schema 报告目标数据库的物理结构; 2、RMAN>report need backup days=3; 报告最近3天没有被备份的数据文件; 3、RMAN> report need backup days 3 tablespace users; 在USERS 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 空间上3天未备份的数据文件; 4、RMAN> report need backup incremental 3; 报告恢复数据文件需要的增量备份个数超过3次的数据文件; 5、RMAN> report need backup redundancy 2 database; 报告备份文件低于2份的所有数据文件; RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2; 6、RMAN> report need backup recovery window of 6 days; 报告文件报表的恢复需要超过6天的归档日志的数据文件; 7、RMAN> report unrecoverable; 报告数据库所有不可恢复的数据文件; 8、RMAN> report obsolete redunndancy 2; 报告备份次数超过2次的陈旧备份; 9、RMAN>report obsolete; 报告丢弃的备份; 4、LIST命令:列出备份信息 1、列出数据文件备份集 RMAN> list backup 列出详细备份; RMAN> list expired backup 列出过期备份; RMAN> list backup of database; 列出所有数据文件的备份集; RMAN> list backup of tablespace user01; 列出特定表空间的所有数据文件备份集; 2、RMAN> list backup of controlfile 列出控制文件备份集; 3、RMAN> list backup of archivelog all 列出归档日志备份集详细信息; RMAN>list archivelog all;列出归档日志备份集简要信息 4、RMAN> list backup of spfile 列出SPFILE备份集; 5、RMAN> list copy of datafile 5 列出数据文件映像副本; 6、RMAN> list copy of controlfile 列出控制文件映像副本; 7、RMAN> list copy of archivelog all 列出归档日志映像副本; 8、RMAN> list incarnation of database 列出对应物/列出数据库副本; 9、RMAN>list backup summary; 概述可用的备份; B表示backup F表示FULL A表示archive log 0 1表示incremental backup S说明备份状态(A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED ) 10、RMAN>list backup by file 按备份类型列出备份; 按照数据文件备份,归档日志备份,控制文件备份,服务器参数文件备份列出 5、CROSSCHECK命令:校验备份信息 1、RMAN> crosscheck backup 核对所有备份集; 2、RMAN> crosscheck backup of database 核对所有数据文件的备份集; 3、RMAN> crosscheck backup of tablespace users 核对特定表空间的备份集; 4、RMAN> crosscheck backup of datafile 4 核对特定数据文件的备份集; 5、RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile 核对控制文件的备份集; 6、RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile 核对SPFILE的备份集; 7、RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 3 核对归档日志的备份集; 8、RMAN> crosscheck copy 核对所有映像副本; 9、RMAN> crosscheck copy of database 核对所有数据文件的映像副本; 10、RMAN> crosscheck copy of tablespace users 核对特定表空间的映像副本; 11、RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 6 核对特定数据文件的映像副本; 12、RMAN> crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 4 核对归档日志的映像副本; 13、RMAN> crosscheck copy of controlfile 核对控制文件的映像副本; 14、RMAN> crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP'; 15、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2' 16、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 ' 17、RMAN> crosscheck backup device type sBT; 18、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all; 19、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001' 20、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12; 21、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522; 6、DELETE:删除备份 1、RMAN> delete obsolete; 删除陈旧备份; 2、RMAN> delete expired backup; 删除EXPIRED备份 3、RMAN> delete expired copy; 删除EXPIRED副本; 4、RMAN> delete backupset 19; 删除特定备份集; 5、RMAN> delete backuppiece ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定备份片; 6、RMAN> delete backup 删除所有备份集; 7、RMAN> delete datafilecopy ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定映像副本; 8、RMAN> delete copy 删除所有映像副本; 9、RMAN> delete archivelog all delete input; RMAN> delete backupset 22 format = ''d:\backup\%u.bak'' delete input 在备份后删除输入对象; 10、RMAN> delete backupset id; 7、CHANGE命令:改变备份集的状态 1、RMAN> change backupset 22 unavailable 改变备份集状态; 2、RMAN> change datafilecopy ''d:\backup\demo_37.bak'' unavailable 改变映像副本状态; 3、RMAN> change backupset 156 keep forever logs 使备份集156永久保留; 4、RMAN> change backupset 198 keep until ''sysdate+60'' logs使备份集198保留60天; 5、RMAN> change backupset 156 nokeep 免除备份集156的保留期限; 6、change backupset 117,118 delete; 7、change backuppiece 1304 delete; 8、change archivelog until logseq =544 delete; 8、CONFIGURE命令 1显示当前的配置信息 1.01 RMAN> show all; 1.02查询RMAN设置中非默认值: SQL> select name,value from v$rman_configuration; 2.常用的configure选项 2.01保存策略(retention policy) configure retention policy to recovery window of 3 days; configure retention policy to redundancy 3; configure retention policy clear; 2.02备份优化backup optimization configure backup optimization on; configure backup optimization off; configure backup optimization clear; 2.03默认设备default device type configure default device type to disk; configure default device type to stb; configure default device type clear; 2.04控制文件controlfile configure controlfile autobackup on; configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/cfs01/backup/conf/conf_%F'; configure controlfile autobackup clear; configrue controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear; configrue snapshot controlfile name to '/cfs01/backup/snapcf/scontrofile.snp'; configrue snapshot controlfile name clear; 2.05并行数(通道数) device type disk|stb parallelism n; configure device type disk|stb parallelism 2; configure device type disk|stb clear; configure channel device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U'; configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100m configure channel device type disk rate 1200K configure channel 1 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U'; configure channel 1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m 2.06生成备份副本datafile|archivelog backup copies configure datafile backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3; configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3; configure datafile|archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb clear backup device type disk database format '/disk1/backup/%U', '/disk2/backup/%U', '/disk3/backup/%U'; 2.07排除选项exclude configure exclude for tablespace 'users'; configrue exclude clear; 2.08备份集大小maxsetsize configure maxsetsize to 1G|1000M|1000000K|unlimited; configure maxsetsize clear; 2.09其它选项auxiliary CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_1.f'; CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_2.f'; CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_3.f'; CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_4.f'; CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 CLEAR; 9、CATALOG命令用于追加备份记录到RMAN资料库中。 1、RMAN> catalog datafilecopy ''d:\backup\user01.bak''; RMAN>catalog controlfile ''d:\backup\demo.ctl''; RMAN> catalog archivelog ''d:\backup\demo_25.bak''; 注册副本; 2、RMAN> catalog backuppiece ''d:\backup\demo_40.dbf'' 注册备份片; 3、RMAN> catalog start with ''d:\bak'' 注册特定目录的所有备份文件; 4、RMAN> change datafilecopy ''d:\bak\user01.bak'' uncatalog; RMAN> change controlfilecopy ''d:\bak\demo.ctl'' uncatalog; RMAN> change backuppiece ''d:\bak\demo_25.bak'' uncatalog; 注销备份记录 10、FORMAT字符串替代变量: 使用FORMAT参数时可使用的各种替换变量,如下: %d:数据库名称; %D:位于该月中的天数(DD); %M:位于该年中的月份(MM); %F:一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为 c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII为该数据库的DBID, YYYYMMDD为日期,QQ是一个1-256的序列; %n:数据库名称,并且会在右侧用x字符进行填充,使其保持长度为8; %u:是一个由备份集编号和建立时间压缩后组成的8字符名称。利用%u可以为每个备份集生成一个唯一的名称; %p:表示备份集中备份片段的编号,从1开始编号; %c:备份片的拷贝数(从1开始编号); %U:是%u_%p_%c的简写形式,利用它可以为每一个备份片段(即磁盘文件)生成一个唯一名称, 这是最常用的命名方式; %s:备份集的号; %t:备份集时间戳; %T:年月日格式(YYYYMMDD);s 注:如果在BACKUP命令中没有指定FORMAT选项,则RMAN默认使用%U 为备份片段命名。 11、validate命令 1、validate命令验证备份集片是否能够被还原; 2、list backup summary;得到了备份集得主键ID如40,然后validate backupset 40; 12、恢复目录的记录删除 1. $Oracle_HOME/rdbms/admin/prgrmanc.sql脚本定期删除恢复目录中具有DELETED状态的记录 2.要删除旧的对应物记录incarnation.必须从DBINC表中删除这些对应物, 使用RC_DATABASE_INCARNATION视图来确定要删除的对应物。记录要删除的每个对应物的DBINC_KEY, 随后启动SQL*Plus,执行delete from dbinc where dbinc_key=2; 13、手工同步恢复目录:resync catalog; 14、在RMAN中存储脚本 1,连接到目标数据库和恢复目录 2,创建脚本 RMAN>create script. my_bk_script 2>{backup database plus archivelog;} 3,打印脚本 RMAN>print script. my_bk_script; 4,运行这个脚本,备份目标数据库 RMAN>run {execute scipt my_bk_script;} 5删除脚本 RMAN>delete script. my_bk_script; 15、archivelog模式下的完全恢复 step1:set oracle_sid=testdb rman target rman_user/password configure controlfile autobackup on; step2:backup database plus archivelog delete input; step3:shutdown immediate; step4:重命名所有的数据文件和控制文件,不重命名联机重做日志。 step5: startup nomount; set DBID=**** restore controlfile from autobackup; alter database mount; step6: restore database; recover database; alter database open resetlogs; 16、表空间恢复 sql"alter tablespace users offline"; sql"alter tablespace tools offline"; restore tablespace users,tools; recover tablespace users,tools; sql"alter tablespace users online"; sql"alter tablespace tools online"; 17、数据文件恢复 sql"alter database datafile 3 offline"; sql"alter database datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf' offline"; restore datafile 3 restore datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf'; recover datafile 3 recover datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf'; sql"alter database datafile 3 online"; sql"alter database datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf'online"; 18、RMAN高级恢复 1基于时间点的恢复 run { set until time "to_date('07/01/02 15:00:00','mm/dd/yy hh24:mi:ss')" restore database; recover database; alter database open resetlogs; } 2基于SCN的恢复 startup mount; restore database UNTIL SCN 10000; recover database UNTIL SCN 10000; alter database open resetlogs; 3基于日志序列的恢复 startup mount; restore database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1; recover database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1; alter database open resetlogs;