外文翻译---纺织材料

外文翻译---纺织材料 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 巴巴工作室www.88doc88.com Textile materials S.H. Tong,J.E. Beard 1, definition: The fiber is a filament form material of the natural or artificial synthesis; the dope-dyed fiber refers to using the fiber of the cloth of textile. 2, dope-dyed fiber characteristic: The dope-dyed fiber has good physical performance such as certain length, detailed degree, elasticity, and brute force. Also have better chemical stability, for example: Cotton, wool, silk, hemp those natural fiber are the ideal dope-dyed fiber. 3, the dope-dyed fiber is classified: Natural fiber and chemical fiber. ?Natural fiber includes plant fiber, animal fiber and mineral fiber. A Plant fiber, for instance: Cotton, hemp, and fruit fiber. B Animal fiber, for instance: Wool, rabbit, silk. C Mineral fiber, for instance: Asbestos. ?The chemical fiber includes regeneration fiber, synthetic fiber and inorganic fiber. A Regeneration fiber, for instance: Viscose fiber, acetate fiber. B Synthetic fiber, for instance: Nylon/Polyamide, Polyester, Spandex - /elastic/strec/lycra, Ammonia black silk ribbon, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polypropylene, Fiber, etc. C Inorganic fiber, for instance: Glass fiber, metallic fibered. 4, the textile performance of the common dope-dyed fiber: ? Wool: Pick up the moisture, elasticity , take performance to be fine , able to bear , damage by worms , not right to combine the dyestuffs with the metal while being acid. ? Silk: Hygroscopic, ventilative, gloss and take of good performance, applicable and acid and direct dyes. ? Cotton: Ventilative and picking up the moisture, take of good performance, be able to bear being damaged by worms, reduced even nitrogen, alkaline media, sulfide, reactive dyestuffs. ? Viscose fiber: Hygroscopicity, getting ventilative and fine, color bright, raw material sources wide with low costs, properties are close to natural fiber, applicable dyestuffs the same as cotton. ? Dacron: Fabric, very comfortable, protecting shape kind, wear-resisting, size steady, easy to wash and quick-drying, applicable to disperset dyestuffs, heavy nitrogen disperses dyestuffs and solubility reduces dyestuffs. ? Polyamide fiber: Wearability 设计巴巴工作室www.88doc88.com very good, ventilative differences, applicable to acid dyes and distribute dyestuffs. ? Fine black silk ribbon: It is good to be fluffly and having fur senses, disperse dyestuffs and cationic dyestuffs applicably. The milk textile fiber use the protein which separates by the milk as the basic raw material, results in the regenerated protein fiber after chemistry processing and the machine-finishing system. The protein in the milk the reason that can become the fiber, because it has the fiber high polymer basic condition: (1) the macromolecule is linear. The protein macromolecule has two kinds: One is the chain shape, namely linear, calls fibrin; another is spherical, calls globulin. The protein in the milk is the casein, which is a striation, it can become the fiber; but the hemoglobin is a globulin, and then cannot become the fiber. (2) Has the certain flexibility and the intermolecular force. The protein mainly composed by the carbon, the oxygen, the hydrogen, the nitrogen, the sulfur, in some protein also contains phosphorus, iron and so on, such as the casein includes phosphorus element. After ultimate analysis, in dry protein the element content for (%): H6.0~7.0, C50~55, O20~30, N15~17, S0.3~2.5. From 19 century's ends, at the beginning of 20th century the foreign courtiers namely have started to research the regenerated protein fiber. In 1935 the Italian scientists, in 1938 English ICI Corporation, in 1939 Corn Product Refining Corporation once separately discussed to withdraw the protein from the cow's milk, the peanut protein, the corn, the soybean bean cake, then carried on the spinning. In the early 1940's, America, England have developed the labara; In 1945 America, England have studied the Soya protein textile fiber; In 1948 the US General Motors has withdrawn the Soya protein textile fiber from the bean cake, but mostly because the textile fiber performance is poor, which unable to carry on the textile processing but to sever the research. Recently a Japanese textile company developed the milk protein textile fiber has realized the industrialization production, because 100 kilograms milks only could withdraw two kilograms protein, caused the production cost excessively high, also the textile fiber thermal stability was 设计巴巴工作室www.88doc88.com bad, Above120 ? dry heat is easy to have the e yellow spot, the force dropped, therefore it still unable massively to promote the use until now. In August, 2000.One day, Li Guanqi accompaned with Suzhou University professors Wang Hua's to bring the soybean egg albumin fiber which through ten years painstaking care develops, entered the national spinning and weaving industry bureau for the first time. Until now, only more than two years. if lets us turn the head these two years trail, during that time we can discover the original national spinning and weaving industry bureau, presently the China textile industry association for the soybean egg albumin fiber promotion and application directly organised,coordinated, participated big scale seminar, the training class, the press conference, the appraisal conference and so on, each kind of activity unexpectedly reaches ten above time. At present participated in the soybean egg albumin fiber the product development textile enterprise, the universities, colleges and institutes, the scientific research institute already reaches above hundred, the product development scope has involved to each domain, such as the cotton and kapok, the wool, the hemp, the silk, the knitting, printing, all of theseprotectedand moistened the growth of the soybean egg albumin fiber in the industrial weak time. Invented by Li Guanqi develops the successful soybean egg albumin fiber to rewrite China in the application textile fiber domain original creative technology for the zero record, after hundred and thousand of engineers and technicians, the experts participated in the research of the soybean egg albumin fiber the product development and the correlation craft technology breakthrough will certainly bring the bright prospect for the soybean egg albumin fiber industrial production, the commercialization. The soybean egg albumin fiber use the bean cake which fries in oil and the soybean leaching as the raw material, the use bio-engineering new technology, withdraws purely the bean cake in globulin, through helps the medicinal preparation, the biological enzyme function, causes the depuration the globulin change spatial structure, then increases the hydroxyl and the 设计巴巴工作室www.88doc88.com cyano high polymer, compounds the certain density of the protein spinning fluid, after the ripening, creates "the green textile fiber" with the aqueous method spinning system, it both has the fine performance of the natural silk , and has the machine capability of the synthetic fiber , also has satisfied the pursue of the people to comfortableness and the artistic, also conforms the tidal current to the clothing exempt burns and may wash which puts on. The affinity is good between soybean egg albumin fiber and human body, also includes the human body to have the amino acid, joined the quota remarkably in the spinning craft the sterilization sterilization Chinese herb, the drug efficacy is lasting, has raised the underwear effect tide. In this paper the optimal design of spline (or key) profiles for three different design criteria is presented. The method of calculus of variation is used to determine profile functions for maximum value. Analytical results are successfully obtained. It shows that the splines with involute profiles lead to uniform deformation on the hub, in addition they can carry the maximum transmission load capacity. On the other hand radial straight profiles result in optimum transmission efficiency. We believe similar approach could be used to determine other spline profiles when new performance criteria are imposed. 设计巴巴工作室www.88doc88.com 设计巴巴工作室www.88doc88.com 译文: 纺织材料 1、 定义:纤维是天然或人工合成的细丝状物质，纺织纤维则是指用来纺织布的 纤维。 、 特点:纺织纤维具有一定的长度、细度、弹性、强力等良好物理性能。还具 2 有较好的化学稳定性，例如:棉花、毛、丝、麻等天然纤维是理想的纺织纤维。 3、 分类:天然纤维和化学纤维。?天然纤维包括植物纤维、动物纤维和矿物纤 维。A 植物纤维 如:棉花、麻、果实纤维。B 动物纤维 如:羊毛、免毛、蚕丝。C 矿物纤维 如:石棉。?化学纤维包括再生纤维、合成纤维和无机纤维。A 再生纤维 如:黏胶纤维、醋酯纤维。B 合成纤维 如:锦纶、涤纶、晴纶、氨纶、维纶、丙纶等。C 无机纤维 如:玻璃纤维、金属纤维等。 4、 常见纺织纤维的纺织性能:? 羊毛:吸湿、弹性、服用性能均好，不耐虫蛀、适酸性和金属结合染料。? 蚕丝:吸湿、透气、光泽和服用性能好，适用酸性及直接染料。? 棉花:透气、吸湿、服用性能好、耐虫蛀、适直接还原偶氮、碱性媒介、硫化、活性染料。? 黏胶纤维: 吸湿性、透气性好、颜色鲜艳、原料来源广、成本低，性质接近天然纤维，适用染料同棉花。? 涤纶:织物、挺、爽、保形性好、耐磨、尺寸稳定、易洗快干，适用分散染料，重氮分散染料、可溶性还原染料。? 锦纶:耐磨性特别好、透气性差、适用酸性染料，散染料。? 晴纶:蓬松性好、有皮毛感、适用分散染料，阳离子染料。 牛奶纤维是以牛奶中分离出的蛋白质为基本原料，经过化学处理和机械加工制得的再生蛋白质纤维。牛奶中蛋白质之所以能成纤，是因为它具备成纤高聚物的基本条件:?大分子是线型的。蛋白质大分子有两种:一种是链状的，即线型的，称之为纤维蛋白;另一种是球状的，称之为球蛋白。奶中蛋白即酪蛋白是线状的，可以成纤;而血红蛋白是球蛋白，则不能成纤。?具有一定的柔性和分子间力。蛋白质主要是由碳、氧、氢、氮、硫5种元素组成，某些蛋白质中还含磷、铁等元素，酪蛋白中即含有磷元素。经元素分析，干燥蛋白质中元素含量为(%):H6.0~7.0、C50~55、O20~30、N15~17、S0.3~2.5。 国外从19世纪末、20世纪初即开始对再生蛋白质纤维进行研究。1935年意大利科学家、1938年英国ICI公司、1939年Corn Product Refining公司曾分别探讨从牛乳、花生蛋白质、玉米、大豆豆粕中提取蛋白质，再进行纺丝。20世纪40年代初，美、英研制了酪素纤维;1945年美、英又研究了大豆蛋白质纤维;1948年美国通用汽车设计巴巴工作室www.88doc88.com 公司从豆粕中提取了大豆蛋白质纤维，但大多因为纤维性能较差，无法进行纺织加工而中断研究。近年日本东洋纺公司开发的牛奶蛋白质纤维实现了工业化生产，由于100公斤牛奶只能提取两公斤蛋白质，使得制造成本过高，且纤维耐热性差，在干热120?以上时易泛黄，强力下降，因此至今仍无法大量推广使用。 2000年8月某日，李官奇在苏州大学教授王华杰的陪同带着他历经十年心血研制成的大豆蛋白纤维，首次走进当时的国家纺织工业局。至今，不过两年多的时间。但如果让我们回眸这两年的足迹，会发现原国家纺织工业局，现中国纺织工业协会其间为大豆蛋白纤维的推广应用直接组织、协调、参加的较大规模的研讨会、 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 班、新闻发布会、鉴定会等各类活动竟达十次以上。目前参与大豆蛋白纤维后道产品开发的纺织企业、大专院校、科研院所已经达百家以上，产品开发范围已涉及棉、毛、麻、丝、针织、印染各个领域，这一切，都呵护、滋润了大豆蛋白纤维在产业幼稚期的成长。 由李官奇发明研制成功的大豆蛋白纤维改写了中国在应用纤维领域原创技术为零的记录，由成百上千的工程技术人员、专家学者参与研究的大豆蛋白纤维后道产品开发及相关工艺技术的突破一定会为大豆蛋白纤维的产业化、商业化带来光明的前景。 大豆蛋白纤维是将大豆浸出过油的豆粕为原料，利用生物工程新技术，把豆粕中的球蛋白提取纯，通过助剂、生物酶的作用，使提纯的球蛋白改变空间结构，再添加羟基和氰基高聚物，配制成一定浓度的蛋白纺丝液，经熟成后，用湿法纺丝制造成的“绿色纤维”，它既具有天然蚕丝的优良性能，又具有合成纤维的机械性能，既满足了人们对舒适性、美观性的追求，又符合服装免烫，可洗穿的潮流。 大豆蛋白纤维与人体肌肤亲和性好，且含有人体所必须的氨基酸，在纺丝工艺中加入定量的杀菌消炎的中草药，药效显著持久，掀起了内衣功效化的浪潮。 设计巴巴工作室www.88doc88.com