2016年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题04 从句（含解析）.doc

2016年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题04 从句（含解析）.doc 专题4从句 1.【2016?北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise. A. whose B. why C. where D. which 【答案】A 考点:考查定语从句 【名师点睛】 定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)。 1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。 关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line. 2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略(非限定性定语从句中不可省略)。 eg. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion. The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me. 3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非 限定性定语从句。 4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which 用于指物，不能用that。 eg. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department. Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department. The room in which my family live used to be a garage. 1 2.【2016?北京】24.Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps. A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever 【答案】C 考点:考查主语从句 【名师点睛】 主语从句 Subject Clauses (在主语的位置上) 1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。 That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that„ Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. Who will go makes no difference. , It is known to us that he is a famous singer. , It is not yet fixed when he will go to America. 本题中，whatever引导主语从句，同时作do的宾语。 2. wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别 , 区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思;wh-ever有肯定强调的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided. *Whoever comes here is welcomed. *A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case. *The gift will be given to whomever I like. , wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替 换 Whatever happened, he would not mind. = No matter what happened, he„„ 3.【2016?北京】27.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he’s in his nineties. A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case 【答案】C 2 考点:考查状语从句 【名师点睛】 1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如: He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。 Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。 She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。 2. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, so„that, such„that等。如: I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。 3. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如: Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。 4. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如: Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢? 5. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如: The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。 6. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as„as。如: She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。 4.【2016?北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust. A. what B. that C. whether D. why 3 【答案】B 考点:考查表语从句 【名师点睛】 表语从句 Predictive Clauses (在be动词 后) 1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑问词。 The fact is that she never liked him. The question is whether the movie is worth seeing. The question is who can complete the difficult task. , This/That/It is because „ I think it is because you are doing too much. , The reason why„is that„ The reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people. 2. 只能用whether 的情况 * 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中 * 在介词后的宾语从句中 It all depends on whether they will support us. * 在不定式之前 He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. * 从句中有or not时 He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not. 5.【2016?北京】33. I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. A. because B. before C. unless D. until 【答案】A 考点:考查状语从句 4 【名师点睛】 从属连词的用法 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 (1) 表示“当„时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如: Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。 (2) 表示“在„„之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如: Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 (3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如: She's been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。 Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。 (4) 表示“一„„就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner„than, hardly„when 等。如: I'll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。 (5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如: I'll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。 注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time 中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。 2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。如: Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧? 注意:在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如: If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。 3. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如: 5 He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。 6.【2016?北京】35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today. A. so B. and C. for D. but 【答案】C 考点:考查并列连词 【名师点睛】 一、并列连词的用法 1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。如: Someone borrowed my pen, but I don't remember who.有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。 2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等。如: The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。 注意:for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。 3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , either„or , neither„nor , not only„but (also) , both„and , as well as 等。如: He didn't go and she didn't go either. 他没去，她也没去。 The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。 7.【2016?江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A. why B. what C. as D. that 【答案】D 6 【名师点睛】 that 引导主语从句:由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下被放到句子的后面，用it 作形式主语来代替它的位置。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种。 1. It + be + 形容词+that从句 适用于这种句型的常见形容词有:necessary，clear，true，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，obvious，surprising etc。 1) It’s clear that they badly need help。很明显，他们急需援助。 2) It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last. 最终我们能完成这项工程是有可能的。 表语为 necessary，clear，true，strange, important, wonderful，possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容词时，谓语动词的形式一般为“should ， 动词原形” 3) It is necessary that you (should)master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。 4) It is strange that he should have killed himself .真奇怪，他竟然自杀了 2. It +be +名词词组+ that从句 常用于这种句型的名词词组有:a fact， a good idea，a pity，an hour，a shame，no wonder，good news etc. 1) It’s a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。 2) ―Tom has a bad cold. 汤姆患了重感冒。 ―It is no wonder that he looks pale. ――难怪他看起来脸色苍白。 3) It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen. 他竟然偷钢笔，真是太丢脸了。 shame 所用的句中要用虚拟语气。 3. It + be+ 过去分词+ that从句 常有的过去分词有:said，reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。 1) It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳 7 转。 2) It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades. 据报道这两个国家就贸易问题达成协议。 过去分词表示:建议，命令，愿望如suggested ， ordered， requested等词时，从句需用虚拟语气。动 词形式为:should ， 原型。 1) It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) give a performance.有人请求王先生表演一个节目。 2) It is suggested that we should discuss the problem .有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。 考点:考查主语从句 8.【2016?江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase theirdreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 【答案】C 【名师点睛】 “of whom / which”引导的定语从句:在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用„of which / whom或者of which / whom„都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。 一、表示整体中的部分 The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。 I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。 I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。 There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。 The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这 8 些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。 二、表示所属关系 He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。 句中的the name of which=whose name。 It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。 句中的the details of which=whose details。 考点:考查定语从句 9.【2016?江苏】26.______some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. A. Because B. If C. Unless D. While 【答案】D 【名师点睛】 连词while根据上下文有以下不同作用和含义。 一、引导时间状语从句 译作“当„„时”。例如: 1. Make hay while the sun shines. 趁着有太阳晒晒草。(乘机行事，抓紧时机。) 2. We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young. 趁着现在还年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获得更多的知识。 二、引导让步状语从句 常放在句首，译作“尽管”、“虽然”，比although或 though语气要轻。例如: While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it. 虽然我相信那是真的，但我无法证明。 三、引导条件状语从句 相当于as long as，译作“只要”。例如: 1. While there is life, there is hope.有生命，就有希望。 2. While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor's duty to save the patient. 只要病人还有一息生机，医生就有责任挽救。 四、引导原因状语从句 相当于since，有“既然”的意思。例如: 9 1. You'll never save any money while you're so extravagant. 你这么奢侈，永远存不下 钱来。 2. I'd like to get it settled today while we're at it. 既然我们着手干了，我想今天就 把它干完。 五、连接并列句 表示对比，相当于whereas，译作“而”、“可是”。 例如: 1. An outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a d esk clerk will take on a tan after a short vacation in the sun. 从事室外工作的人如果调到室内工作，不久肤色就会变白;而一个伏案工作的文员出去度个短 假，就会被太阳变黑。 2. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. 运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。 六、连接并列句 表示递进，相当于and what is more, 译作“并且”、“而且”。例如: The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduc e mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful. 新的人造纤维比天然纤维耐磨，因此能大大减少修补工作，而且做好的衣服价廉物美，数量也 多。 考点:考查连词 10.【2016?江苏】34.Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged 【答案】C 【名师点睛】 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或 情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1.句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until„ 等。例 10 如: Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 2. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 用这些词表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。例 如: Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也 会。 If you won't go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。 3.only在句首，且强调状语时,句子也必须部分倒装。 例如:Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 其他部分倒装 1) so„ that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如: So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。 2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如: May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。 考点:考查部分倒装 11.【2016?天津】7. ______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While 【答案】C 考点:考查连词。 【名师点睛】这几个词都是连词，要分清每个连词短语的含义和用法，做题时关键看上下文和句意的逻辑关系做题。unless引导的是条件状语从句;until引导时间状语从句，as引导方式/原因/状语从句;while引导让步/时间状语从句。as的用法比较多，不仅仅在选择题中经常出现，学生在做阅读完型的时候，遇到as一定要判断它的准确含义，以便于正确理解这句话的意思。 12.【2016?天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the 11 weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【答案】D 【解析】 句意:我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句， 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 分析: 先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。 考点:考查定语从句。 【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语;where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间 状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。 13.【2016?天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】B 考点:考查同位语从句。 【名师点睛】解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构，知道引导词的使用习惯。通过判断 引导词在从句中所作的成分，来选择正确的引导词。连接同位语从句的连词主要有that, if, whether，和疑问词(what how where when ...)。that引导表示陈述句的同位语从句，if和 whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的同位语从句。判断是否是同位 语从句，还可以用同位词+is+同位语从句，如果可以讲的通，一般就是同位语从句，例如这题 中，可以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant. 14.【2016?天津】13. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____ the coach picks up tourists. A. who B. which C. where D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构 是:It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强 12 调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。 考点:考查强调句。 【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构是:The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.这句话是成立的，所以是强调句。除了强调句的陈述句，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性从句的语序问题。 15.【2016?浙江】5._______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive. A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless 【答案】C 考点:考查连词。 【名师点睛】这几个词都是连词，要分清每个连词短语的含义和用法，做题时关键看上下文和句意的逻辑关系做题。since引导原因/时间状语从句;after引导时间状语从句，while引导让步/时间状语从句;unless引导的是条件状语从句;while的用法比较多，不仅仅在选择题中经常出现，学生在做阅读完型的时候，遇到while一定要判断它的准确含义，以便于正确理解这句话的意思。 16.【2016?浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved. A. whom B. which C. what D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被 证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which 引导。故选B。 考点:考查定语从句。 【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语;where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是代词+of+关系代词，注意先行词是人用whom，先行词是物用which。 13