【中考第二轮复习】第14章句子的种类(1)

第十四章句子的种类(一) 英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 (1)按其作用或使用目的,句子可分为: 陈述句:This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句:Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句:Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句:What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 按语法结构,句子可分为:(2)简单句:I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句:I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服,但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句:Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服,他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句:用于说明一件事, 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示一种看法或表达某种心情的句子,都是陈述句。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 1 肯定句 He is a middle school teacher. 他是一位中学老师。(一般现在时) She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。(现在进行时) They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。(现在完成时) He did a lot of washing yesterday. 他昨天洗了好多衣服。(一般过去时) They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经争吵完了。(过去完成时) The meeting will begin at once. 会议马上就要开始了。(一般将来时) 2 否定句 (1)使用not否定: He isn't a worker. 他不是个工人。(一般现在时) She doesn't do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I haven't had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you. 她可能没有注意到你。(情态动词) 各种时态肯定句变否定句 变成否定句有规则,“是”,“有”“将”后加not,假如没有“是”,“有”,“将”,动词前面加don't(does't/didn't)。 (2)使用not以外的否定词表示否定: ①用no否定:no+名词=not any,表示“一点也不”。 I have no money.(=I have not any money.) 我一点儿钱都没有。 We have no time to do it.(=We haven't any time to do it.) 我们没有时间做这件事情了。 ②用never表示否定,语气比not要强烈。 She has never been there. 她从来没有去过那里。 I will never forget him. 我决不会忘记他的。 ③few和little分别表示可数名词和不可数名词的否定,含义为“几乎没有”。 Jack has few friends here. 杰克在这儿几乎没有朋友。 There's little water in the thermos. 暖瓶里几乎没有水了。 ④no one=nobody 无人 No one knows you here. (=Nobody knows you here.) 在这里没有人认识你。 ⑤nothing=not any thing 什么都没有 I have nothing to wash today. 今天我没有要洗的东西。 He had nothing to eat that day. 那天他什么东西也没吃。 ⑥none of没有任何人;没有任何物(事) It's none of your business. 这儿没有你的事。(这与你无关。) None of us have seen the film. 我们谁也没看过这个电影。 ⑦含有否定性的副词hardly(几乎不)、seldom(很少)的句子。 I can hardly remember your name. 我几乎想不起你的名字来了。 He seldom has lunch at school. 他很少在学校吃午饭。 ⑧“too...to……”(太……以致不……)句型本身具有否定的含义。 It's too heavy for me to carry. 这太重了,我搬不动。 He is too fat to run. 他太胖,跑不动。 必背:记住下列肯定和否定相应的形式: all--none, no; both--neither everyone, each--no one some--not any, no; everything-nothing a few--few a little-little something--nothing, not anything; each, either--neither。 注意:以think和believe为主句谓语的复合句,其从句的否定要前移至主句的谓语上。例如: I don't think you are hungry. 我认为你不饿。 We don't believe she will come. 我们相信她不会来的。 二、疑问句 疑问句分为四种: 1一般疑问句:Does Mr.Green come from America? 格林先生是来自美国吗? 2特殊疑问句:What day is it today? 今天是星期几? 3选择疑问句:Is he a teacher or a cook? 他老师还是厨师? 4反意疑问句:You agree with him, don't you? 你同意他的意见,是吗? 1一般疑问句 一般疑问句要把各种助动词放在句首,读时用升调,回答以yes和no开始,也可以视情况灵活回答。 --Do you work in that lawyer's office? --No, I don't work there. --你是在那家律师事务所上班吗? --不,我不在那儿上班。 --Have you finished your homework? --No, not yet. --你做完作业了吗? --还没有。 --Shall I bring you a cup of coffee? Yes, please. --我给你拿一杯咖啡来好吗?好吧。 --Can you wait here for me for a moment? --Certainly. --你能在这里等我一会吗?可以。 --Must we set off tomorrow? No, you needn't. --我们必须明天出发吗? 不,不必。 --Will you be able to give me an answer today? --It's hard to say. --你今天能答复我吗? --很难说。 --Is the boy's answer correct? --Sorry, I have no idea. --这男孩的回答是正确的吗? --对不起,我不知道。 一般疑问句有时也以否定形式出现,用以表示赞赏、责备等带有感情色彩的意思或者表示提出看法、意见和建议等。 Didn't I tell you how to do it? 难道我没告诉你应该怎么做吗? Won't you come to my birthday party? 你难道不会来参加我的生日晚会吗? Hasn't your son grown! 你的儿子又高了一大截! Don't you believe she will get married to that old man? 你难道不相信她会嫁给那个老头? 2特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句的构成有两种: ①疑问代词(作主语)+陈述语序 ②疑问代词(非主语)或疑问副词+一般疑问句 特殊问句的朗读用降调,回答时不用yes或no。 常用的疑问代词为who和what;疑问副词有when,where,why,how,how many,how much,how long,how often,how far等等;疑问形容词为which。 ①疑问代词(作主语)+陈述语序 Who is going to take part in the sports meet of the school? 谁要参加学校的运动会? Who broke the glass of the window? 谁把这个窗户的玻璃打碎了? What is in the sky? 天上那是什么东西? What made him crazy on playing football? 是什么让他对踢足球这么着迷? ②疑问代词(非主语)或疑问副词+一般疑问句 Who are you looking for? 你在找谁? What can you see on the screen? 在屏幕上能看见什么? When will you be back? 你什么时候回来? Where do you usually go for a walk? 你们通常去哪里散步? Why did you refuse to attend that meeting? 你为什么拒绝参加那个会议? Which dictionary do you prefer? 你想要哪一本词典? How did she get home yesterday? 她昨天是怎么回家的? How often does he go to see his parents? 他多长时间去看他父母一次? How much is this pair of shoes? 这双鞋多少钱? How far is it from the school to your home? 学校离你家有多远? How heavy are you (is he/she)? 你(他、她)有多重?(或:你(他、她)体重多少?) Whose car is it? It's Jack's. 这是谁的车?是杰克的。 巧记特殊疑问句 What 用途真广泛,要问“什么”它当先,(What's this?).问“姓名”“职业”也在前,问“时间”(What's the time?)How开头来"问安",(How are you?)Who问"谁",(Who's that man?).谁的"Whose"来承担.(Whose book is this?)询问某地用"Where",(Where is the book?)"哪一个"Which 句首站。(Which one?) 3选择疑问句 要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况选择其一的问句,叫选择疑问句。 选择问句的两种或多种情况用or连接,语调先升后降,回答时不用yes或no。 选择问句有两种:一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。 ①一般选择问句 Did you solve the problem in this way or (in) that way? 你是用这种还是那种方法解决那难题的? I did it in that way. 我用那种方法解决的。 Is this a horse or a donkey? 这是马还是驴? It's a donkey. 是驴。 Will you come to me or I'll go to your home? 你来找我呢,还是我去你家? I'll go to your home. 我去找你吧。 ②特殊选择问句。 Which is longer, the Yangtze River or the Nile? 长江和尼罗河,哪一条更长些? When will you go abroad, this year or next year? 你什么时候出国,今年还是明年? Who did you talk to, Mr. Li or Miss Wang? 你跟谁谈的,李先生还是王小姐? 4反意疑问句 陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句,这种结构的句子叫反意疑问句。反意问句的否定句必须用缩略形式,主语必须用人称代词,不能用名词。反意问句的前一部分用降调,后一部分在表示疑问时用升调,表示强调某种意思时用降调。 1前一部分为肯定式,后一部分为否定式。 (1)be 动词句型的反意问句: This magazine is yours, isn't it? 这本杂志是你的,不是吗? Your mother was a typiest in this company last year, wasn't she? 你母亲去年在这个公司当过打字员,不是吗? (2)一般行为动词句型的反意问句: She likes eating fish, doesn't she? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't. 她喜欢吃鱼,不是吗? 是的,她喜欢。/不,她不喜欢。 Tom drove the car into a tree yesterday, didn't he? Yes, he did. No, he didn't. 汤姆昨天开车撞在了树上,不是吗? 是的,是撞在了树上。 不,没有。 Your parents will come to see you soon, won't they? Yes, they will. No, they won't. 你父母很快就会来看你的,不是吗? 是的。 不,他们不来看我。 He is sleeping, isn't he? Yes, he is. No, he isn't. 他在睡觉,是吗? 是的。 不。 He was taken to the headmaster, wasn't he? Yes, he was. No, he wasn't. 他被带到校长那去了,不是吗? 是的。 不。 You have teld her the news, haven't you? Yes, I have. No, I haven't. 你已经把这消息告诉他了,不是吗? 是的。 不。 (3)情态动词的反意疑问句: A dog can swim, can't it? Yes, it can. No, it can't. 狗会游泳,不是吗? 是的。 不。 You need take some medicine, needn't you? Yes, I need. No, I needn't. 你需要吃点药,不是吗? 是的,我得吃点。 不,不需要。 注意:need 还可以作为动词使用,这时其疑问部分的谓语要用do。例如: You need some medicine, don't you? Yes, I do. No, I don't. 你需要一些药品,不是吗? 是的。 不。 You'd better go and have a rest, hadn't you? 你最好去休息一会儿,不是吗? The boy has to do it again, doesn't he? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't. 这孩子不得不把它重做一遍,不是吗? 是的。 不。 He had to get up early, didn't he? Yes, he did. No, he did not. 他不得不早起,不是吗? 是的。 不。 注意:动词have作“有”解时,它的反意疑问句两种形式都可以: She has much homework to do, hasn't she? (=She has much homework to do, doesn't she?) 她有许多作业要做,不是吗? 当have作其他含义解时,如“吃”,“开会”,“让”等时,只能用do或does来表示。例如: The boy has two eggs, a few pieces of bread and a glass of milk, doesn't he? 这个男孩吃了两个鸡蛋、几片面包和一杯牛奶,不是吗? The had a meeting yesterday, didn't they? 他们昨天开了个会,不是吗? 2前一部分为否定式,后一部分为肯定式。 这一类句子的回答,与汉语习惯有很大不同。回答这种问句,要按照实际情况,而不要考虑yes和no。如果 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 是肯定的,就用yes;如果是否定的,就用no。 You aren't a lawyer, are you? Yes, I am. No, I am not . 你不是律师,是吧? 不,我是律师。 是的,我不是。 She doesn't enjoy fish, does she? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't. 她不喜欢吃鱼,是吗? 不,她喜欢吃鱼。 是的,她不喜欢。 You haven't been to Huangshan Mountain, have you? 你没去过黄山,是吧? Yes, I have. No, I haven't. 不,我去过。 是的,我没去过。 You didn't hand in your homework yesterday, did you? 你昨天没交作业,是吗?   Yes, I did. No, I didn't. 不,我交了。 是的,我没交。 反意疑问句的答语 回答反意疑问句,答案含义是依据。肯定事实用yes,否定事实no来替。 3其他类型的反意疑问句。 (1)祈使句的反意疑问句: ①在表示肯定的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,以使语气听起来婉转、客气,而实际并不存在反意的关系。 Have a cup of coffee, will you? 喝杯咖啡,怎么样? Do me a favour, won't you? 请帮我个忙,好吗? ②在Let's祈使句后加上“shall we?”或“Shan't we?”在“Let me(her, him)”后加上“will you?”或“won't you?”。 Let's go swimming, shall we? 咱们去游泳,好吗? Let's go and see what's happening, shall we? 让我们过去看看发生了什么事,好吗? Let her sing us a song, will you? 让她给我们唱一首歌,(您说)行吗? 注意:有一类动词,如hate,dislike,disagree等,虽然含有讨厌、不喜欢、不同意等否定的意思,但仍要按照肯定句来处理。例如: You dislike biology, don't you? 你不喜欢生物,是吗? Yes, I do. No, I don't. 是的,我不喜欢。 不,我喜欢。 (2)当前面陈述部分含有表示否定意思的词,如never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody, no one,nothing,neither等,后面的疑问部分要用肯定式。 He never help others, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't. 他从不帮助别人,是吗? 不,他帮助别人。 是的,他不帮。 No one can do this job, can he (they)? Yes, he (they) can. No, he (they) can't. 没人能干这活儿,是吗? 不,有人会干。 是的,没人会干。 Few students come to his class, do they? Yes, they do. No, they don't. 很少的学生去听他的课,是吗? 不,有很多人去。 是的,没人去。 反意疑问语的语调 反意问句两语调,升调降调用法妙。加强语气降调用,表示疑问语调升。 (3)陈述部分为主从复合句时,疑问部分的谓语应该与主句谓语一致。 You don't mind if I smoke here, do you? Yes, I do. No, I don't. 你不介意我在这儿抽根烟,是吗? 不,我介意。 是的,我不介意。 You never tell me you are a policeman, do you? Yes, I do. No, I don't. 你从未跟我说过你是警察,是吧?   不,我说过。 是的,没说过。 注意:如果陈述部分是“I don't think (believe...)+宾语从句”时,疑问部分之中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致,并用肯定形式。 I don't think you are successful, are you? 我认为你并没有成功,不是吗? I don't believe she has cheated you of that sum of money, has she? 我相信她没有骗你那一笔钱,是吧? (4)陈述部分是“there be”结构时,疑问部分用there而将主语代词省略。 There is something nice on my bed, isn't there? Yes, there is. No, the re isn't. 我的床上有好东西,是吗? 是的,有好东西。 不,没有。 There won't be any class this Saturday, will there? Yes, there will. No, t here won't. 这星期六没有课,是吗? 不,有课。 是的,没有。 (5)陈述部分含有不定代词everyone,someone,anyone,no one作主语时,疑问部分主语用they;陈述部分含有everything,something,anything,nothing时,疑问部分用it。Everyone in your family likes to listen to the music, don't they? 你们家每个人都喜欢听音乐,是不是? No one knows about it, do they? 没人知道这件事,是吧? Everything here is messy, isn't it? 这里所有的东西都乱七八糟的,是不是? Nothing is necessary now, is it? 现在一切都没有必要了,对吧? (6)感叹句的反意疑问句: 感叹句的反意疑问句须用be动词的现在时,对人用he或you;对事物用it,疑问部分必须用否定形式。 What a fine day, isn't it? 多么好的天气啊,是不是? What a foolish man, isn't he? 多么蠢的家伙,是不是