9S管理内容

9S管理内容 英语文学知识 第一章 英国文学 第一阶段 中古英国文学(8世纪~14世纪) Old and Medieval English Literature *Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里.乔叟)(1340~1400) He is considered the father of modern English poetry because he opened a brilliant page in English literature and had a profound influence on many important English poets. It is him alone who, for the first in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. II 真题详解 1. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by __B____.(2005) A. William Langland B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. William Shakespeare D. Alfred Tennyson III 练习题 1. Which of the following does not belong to the works of Geoffrey Chaucer ?B A. The Canterbury Tales B. The Vision of Piers Plowman C .Troilus and Criseyde D. The Romaunt of the Rose 2.___D____brings the readers into a world that belongs to the Celtic legend of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table. A. The Vision of Piers Plowman B. The house of Fame C. The Romaunt of the Rose D. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 3. Which of the following is the translation work of Geoffrey Chaucer? __C___ A. The Canterbury Tales B. Troilus and Criseyde C. The Romaunt of the Rose D. The house of Fame 4.In the 14th century , the most important writer in England is ___D___. A. Langland B. Wyclif C. Gower D. Chaucer 5.In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the ___A___ poetry . A .pagan B. religious C .romantic D .sentimental 6.When we speak of the old English prose, we might think of __D____, who is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as father of English learning. A. William Shakespeare B. Beowulf C. Julius Caesar D. Venerable Bede 7.__A_____is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex . A. Alfred the Great B. Venerable Bede C. Adam Bede D. King Arthur 8.___A____is the culmination of the Arthurian romance. A .Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B. The Story of Beowulf C. The Vision of Piers Plowman D. The Canterbury Tales 9. William Langland?s __B_____ is written in the form of a dream vision. A .Kublai Khan B. The Vision of Piers Plowman C. The Dream of John Bull D. Morte d?Arthur 10.The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the _C____. A .French B. Latin C. Romance D. Science 11.In which century was Geoffrey Chaucer?s The Canterbury Tales written? A A. Fourteenth B. Fifteenth C. Sixteenth D .Seventeenth 12.William Langland wrote for __D____. A. the royal family B. the court C .the monks D .the common people 13. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight focuses on ___C___. A. immediate social issues B. the real life as well as people?s feelings and desires C .a remote world belongs to the Celtic Legend of King Arthur and his knights D .the imagination of the future world 14. King Alfred?s Anglo Saxon Chronicle was written in ___C___ form . A. poetic B. dramatic C. prose D. none of the above 第二阶段 文艺复兴时期(14世纪~17世纪中期) The Renaissance Period The word “Renaissance” means “rebirth”. It meant the reintroduction into Western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome. The essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been th characteristics of the 14th and 15centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation. And the real main stream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. *William Shakespeare (威廉.莎士比亚)(1564~1616) He is the greatest of all Elizabethan dramatists. His sonnets represent the finest poetic craftsmanship of Elizabethan poetry. And many of his plays enjoy international popularity. A Midsummer Night?s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》 All is Well that Ends Well《终成眷属》 As you like it 《皆大欢喜》 Hamlet《哈姆雷特》(四大悲剧之一) King Lear《李尔王》(四大悲剧之一) Macbeth《麦克白》(四大悲剧之一) Othello《奥赛罗》(四大悲剧之一) Much Ado About Nothing 《无事生非》 Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与茱丽叶》 The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》 The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》 The Taming of the Shrew 《驯悍记》 Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 *Francis Bacon(弗朗西斯.培根)(1561~1626) He is best known for his essays which greatly influenced the development of the literary form. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge. II 真题详解 1.___B___is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.(2006) A .Free Verse B. Sonnet C .Ode D .Epigram III 练习题 1. The publication of Philip Sidney?s ___B___ made sonnet sequence a popular literary form in England. A. Arcadia B. Astrophel and Stella C .Defense of Poetry D. Utopia 2. The nine-line verse stanza was originated from __A____. A. Edmund Spenser B.Philip Sidney C. Thomas More D. William Shakespeare 3. Here is the sentence from an essay, “Read not to contradict and confuse, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”. The essay must be __A___. A. Of Studies by Francis Bacon B. The Advancement of Learning by Francis Bacon C. Novum Organum by Francis Bacon D. Essays by Francis Bacon 4. The literary form of The Faerie Queen is _D____ . A. lyric poem B. ironic poem C.narrative poem D.allegorical poem 5. In Shakespeare?s Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed form Shylock, because_D____. A. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industry B. his enterprise went bankrupt C. Bassanio was able to pay his own debt D. his ships had all been lost 6. Which of the following is not among Shakespeare?s four great tragedies?B A. Hamlet B.Romeo and Juliet C.Macbeth D.King Lear 7._A____is the first important English essaylist and the founder of modern science in England. A.Francis Bacon B.Edmund Spenser C.William Carxton D.Sidney 8.What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?B A.Novel B.Drama C. Essay D.Poetry 9.___D___exposes the corruption of vicious ambition. A.Othello B.King Lear C.Hamlet D.Macbeth 10.Sir Thomas More wrote Utopia in__C____in 1516. A.French B.English C.Latin D.Italian 11.William Shakespeare is one of the giants of__D____. A.Romanticism B.critical realism C.Aestheticism D.the Renaissance 12.How many lines does a sonnet have?C A.10 B.12 C.14 D.They vary 13.Which of the following plays written by Shakespeare is history play?C A.Juliet Caesar B. The Merry Wives of Windsor C.Henry IV D.King Lear 14.Which is Christopher Marlowe?s first famous play?A A.Tamburlaine B.Edward II C.The tragical History of Doctor Faustus D. The Jew of Malta 15.Which of the following is NOT the work of Sir Philip Sideny?D A.Astrophel and Stella B.Denfense of Poetry C.Arcadia D.Samson Agonists 16.Spenserian stanza is a_C_____. A.14 Line stanza B.8 line stanza C.9 line stanza D.12 line stanza 17.Which of the following is NOT the feature of Metaphysical poems?C A.They use conceits to express ideas in sharp and harsh manner. B.They reject the romantic exaggeration of Elizabethan love poetry. C.Their metaphors are commonly used in daily life. D.The form of them is often an argument with the poet?s lover,God or himself. 18. “To be, or not to be” has become a universal question puzzling every intellectual mind. This is a quotation from__B__. A.King Lear B.Hamlet C.Romeo and Juliet D.Othello 19.The first official version of Bible known as the Great Bible,was revised in___B___. th thththA.16century B.17 century C.18 century D.19 century 20.In reading Shakespeare , you must have come across the phrase “The pound of flesh” by_C____. A.lago in Othello B.Lear in King Lear C.Shylock in The Merchant of Venice D.Hamlet in Hamlet 21.Most of the ballads of the 15 th century focused on the legend about___C___as a heroic figure. A.Green Nights B.Gawain C.Robin Hood D.Hamlet 22.In the 16 th century, Thomas More?s work___D___ became immediately popular after its publication. A. Paradise Lost B.A Pleasant Satire of the Throe Estates C. The Faerie Queen D.Utopia 23.___C____is from Shakespeare?s sonnet No.18. A. “Let me not to the marriage of true minds” B. “To be or not to be:that is the question” C. “Shall I compare thee to a summer?s day” D. “No longer mourn for me when I am dead” 24.Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare?s romantic love comedies?B A.Twelfth Night B.The Tempest C.As you like it D.The Merchant of Venice 25. “Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man, and writing an exact man” is from__C_____?s essay Of Stuies. A.Alexander Pope B.John Milton C.Francis Bacon D.Charles Lamb 26.Francis Bacon?s Essays first published in 1597 has been considered as an important landmark in the development of English___D___,and as the first collection of essays in the English language. A.poetry B.epics C.fiction D.prose 27.The Flea was written by_A____. A.John Donne B.Philip Sidney C.Thomas More D.William Shakspeare 第三阶段 新古典主义时期(17世纪中期~18世纪) The Neoclassical Period I 概述 Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement, which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe. The movement was a furtherance of the th Renaissance from the 14 century to the mid 17th century.The purpose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.It celebrated reason of nationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education. Literature at the time became a very popular means of public education. With the introduction of the Enlightenment Movement into England, a revival of interest in the old classical works was in full swing. This tendency is known as the neoclassicism. The neoclassicists held that all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Creek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of the thematic concern. *Alexander Pope (亚历山大.蒲柏)(1688~1744) Alexander Pope strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum. He first introduced rationalism to England and is one of the greatest poets in his century as well as in the English literature world. II 真题详解 1. In Literture a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as____A__.(2010) A. allegory B.sonnet C.blank verse D.rhyme III 练习题 1. By making the truth-seeking pilgrims suffer at the hands of the people of Vanity Fair, John Bunya intends to show the prevalent political and religious_D______. A.persecution B.improvement C.prosperity D.disillusionment 2.An honest, kind-hearted young man, who is full of animal spirit and lacks prudence, is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain knowledge of himself and finally to have been accepted both by a virtuous lady and a rich relative. The above sentence may well sum up the theme of Fielding?s work__B____. A.Jonathan Wild the Great B.Tom Jones C.The Coffee-House Politician D.Amelia 3.Whichof following works was not written by Jonathan Swift?D A.A Modest Proposal B.Gulliver?s Travels C.A Tale of a Tub D.The Rivals 4_B_____was the greatest dramatist during the Neoclassical Period in England. A.Goldsmith B.Sheridan C.Stern D.Fielding 5.__C____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.Genesis B.Exodus C.The Pilgrim?s Progress D.The Holy War 6.__D___is one of Swift?s masterpiece. It is a satire on corruption in religion and learning. A. The Way of the World B.Love for Love C.The Beggar?s Opera D.A Tale of a Tub 7.Many lines from Alexander Pope?s poem An Essay on Criticism have become proverbial maxims,such as: “To err is human;to forgive, divine.” “__A____learning is a dangerous thing.” A. A little B.Little C.No D. Few 8. Which of the following does not belong to pioneering efforts in the creation of the English novel?D A. John Lily?s Euphues B.Sir Philip Sidney?s Arcadia C.Thomas Lodge?s Rosalnde D.Samuel Richardson?s Pamela 9.The novel Gulliver?s Travels was written by_B____. A.Tobias Smollett B.Jonathan Swift C.Laurence Sterne D.John Bunyan 10.Whose work signaled the beginning of the age of Restoration Drama?B A.William Wycherley B.John Dryden C.William Congreve D.John Gay 11.Which of the following books was Samuel Johnson?s monumental success?A A. A Dictionary of the English Language B.Oliver Twist C.The Old Curiosity Shop D.Barnaby Rudge 12. Who is best remembered as the recipient of Johnson?s famous letter?B A.Dickens B.Lord Chesterfield C.Thomas Hardy D.Joseph Addison 13._D____?s The Pilgrim?s Progress was writtenin the form of allegory and dream. AJohn Dryden B.Francis Bacon C.John Milton D.John Bunyan 14.John Dryden was all of the following EXCEPT___D____in the literary world of Restoration England . A.a poet B.a dramatist C.a literary critic D.a short story writer 15.An Essay on Criticism was written by__D____, which first established his reputation as a_______. A.Francis Bacon,critic B.Francis Bacon,essayist C.Alexander Pope,playwright D.Alexander Pope,poet 16.Daniel Defoe was famous for his novel__B____which is often considered to be the first novel in English literature. A.Gulliver?s Travels B.The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe C.The Pilgrim?s Progress D.Oliver Twist 17.A Dictionary of the English Language(1755) by___B__was the first comprehensive lexicographical work on English ever undertaken. A.Francis Bacon B.Samuel Johnson C.Alexander Pope D.John Milton 18. “Yahoos”from the novel___A___written by Jonathan Swift are described to be very much similar to human beings in outward appearance and their unworthy actions as well. A.Gulliver?s Travels B.The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe C.The Wuthering Heights D. Sons and Lovers 19.___C___?s masterpiece Tom Jones provides a vivid and truthful panoramic view of the life of the English society in the 18 th century. A.Daniel Defoe B.Jonathan Swift C.Henry Fielding D.Jane Austin 20.The greatest English playwright of the 18 th century was__D___. A.Walt Scott B.Bernard Shaw C.Thomas Gray D.Richard Sheridan 第四阶段 浪漫主义时期(18世纪末期~19世纪中期) The Romantic Period I 概述 In the late 18 th century, a new literary movement called Romanticism came to European mainland and then to England. It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. The Romantic period is an age of poetry.Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as “the poetic revolution”. It prevailed in England from 1798to 1837. II 真题详解 1. The novel Emma is written by__D____.(2005) A. Mary Shelly B.Charlotte Bronte C.Elizabeth C.Gaskell D.Jane Austen 2. Ode to the West Wind was written by___D__.(2009) A. William Blake B.William Shakespeare C.Samuel Taylor Coleridge D.Percy B.Shelley III 练习题 1. “Poetry is Spontaneous” was put forward by__C____. A. Robert Burns B. William Blake C.William Wordsworth D.Charles Lamb 2.Wordsworth is a___C____. A.realist B.classicist C.romanticist D.impressionist 3.The author of Odw to the West Wind is__A____. A.Shelley B.Byron C.romanticist D.impressionist 4. Which of the following did not belong to Romanticism,D A.Keats B.Shelley C. Wordsworth D.Alfred Tennyson 5.Prometheus Unbound was written by___D___.It appeared in the year of Peterloo Massacre. A.Wordsworth B.Cloeridge C.Byron D.Shelly 6.Frankenstein was filmed many times. Who wrote the book?C A.Edgar Allan Poe B.James Joyce C.Mary Shelley D.Brain Stoker 7.Which of the following poem was not written by John Keats?A A.Ode to the West Wind B.Ode to Autumn C.Ode on a Grecian Urn D.Ode to a Nightingale 8.Whose informal essays observed life with humor, and often in a gloomy tone?B A.Joseph Addison B.Charles Lamb C.Lord Chesterfield D.Thomas Hardy 9. Mary Shelley?s novel Frankenstein belongs to the type of___A___which is often set in gloomy castles where horrifying ,supernatural events take place. A.Gothic B.Realism C.Romanticism D.Classicism 10.The English poets___D____,William Wordsworth ,and Robert Southey, were known as “Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District Northwestern England at the beginning of the 19 th century. A.George Gordon Byron B.John Keats C.Percy B.Shelly D.Samuel Taylor Coleridge 11.George Gordon Byron was famous for the following works EXCEPT__B_____. A.Childe Harold?s Pilgrimage B.Ode to Skylark C.Hours of Idleness D.Don Juan 12.Prometheus Unbound is a symbolic work in the form of verse-drama written by___A____. A.Percy Bysshe Shelley B.John Keats C.Samuel Taylor Coleridge D.George Gordon Byron 13.The famous line “If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” was from__A___written by Percy Bysshe Shelley. A.Ode to the West Wind B.Ode on a Grecian Urn C.Ode to a Skylark D.Ode to a Nightingale 14.__C____is one of the best known novels written by Jane Austen. A.Jane Eyre B.Tess of the d?Urbervilles C.Pride and Prejudice D.The Wuthering Heights 15.Essays of Elia and Tales from Shakespeare were written by famous essayist__C____. A.Robert Burns B.William Black C.Charles Lamb D.Robert Frost 16.Which of the following is the novel by Jane Austen?B A.Frankenstein B.Sense and Sensibility C.Kubla Khan D.Don Juan 第五阶段 维多利亚时期(19世纪中期~19世纪末) The Victoria Period I 概述 Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques,writers in the Victorian Period shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. By this time, Romanticism gradually gave way to Realism. During the Victorian Age the novel gradually became the dominant form of literature. II真题详解 1. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?B (2005) A. William Wordsworth B.George Elliot C.George G.Byron D.Percy B.Shelley 2.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?(2007)D A.Oliver Twist B.Middlemarch C.Jane Eyre D.Wuthering Heights 3.All of the following are well-known female writers in the 20 th century Britain EXCEPT__A____.(2008) A.George Eliot B.Iris Jean Murdoch C.Doris Lessing D.Muriel Spark 4.___C____is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems.(2010) A.Will Blake B.W.B. Yeats C.Robert Browning D.William Wordsworth III练习题 1. Which is Thackeray?s masterpiece?B A.The Virginians B.Vanity Fair C.The Book of Snobs. D.The News Comes 2.___A___,the pioneering woman,according to D.H. Lawerence, was the first novelist that “started putting all the actions inside”. A. George Elliot B.Jane Austen C.Charlotte Bronte D.Emily Bronte 3.The French revolution is the background of__B___. A.Hard Times B.Tales of Two Cities C.Great Expectation D.David Copperfield 4.Charles Dicken?s best-depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted, and helpless__B____ characters such as Oliver Twist, Little Nell, David Copperfield and little Dorrit. A.girls B.children C.women D.adults 5.__C____was published in 1849. “Of all my books,” wrote Charles Dickens, “I like this the best.” A.Oliver Twist B.The Ole Curiosity Shop C.David Copperfield D.Great Expectation 6.Charles Dickens is a representative__A____of English critical realism. A.novelist B.dramatist C.poet D.essayistr 7.Jane Eyre was written by which Bronte sister?B A.Anne B.Charlotte C.Emily D.Jane 8.The author of the novel The Return of the Native is__A____. A.Thomas Hardy B. D.H.Lawerence C.Robert Browning D.Alfred Tennyson 9.Which of the following female writers did not belong to the Bronte Sisters?D A.Charlotte Bronte B.Emily Bronte C.Anne Bronte D.Mary Bronte 10.The novel The Mill on the Floss was written by__A___. A.George Eliot B .Jane Austen C.Chatlotte Bronte D.Emily Bronte 11.The novel Oliver Twist is the story about the underworld of__C____. A.Ireland B.Washington C.London D.Paris 12.William Makespeace Thackeray?s topics were mostly dealing with___A__. A.the middle and upper-class life B.the school teachers? life C.the urban life D.the sea life 13.Which of the following novelists was the last of the great Victorian novelists?C A.Charles Dickens B.William Makespeace Thackeray C.Thomas Hardy D.George Meredith 14.The greatest novelist of the Realism in the 19th century was_A______. A.Charles Dickens B.Jane Austen C.Mark Twain D.David Lawerence 15.Which of the following novels was NOT written by Charles Dickens?D A.David Copperfield B.The Pickwick Papers C.Oliver Twist D.Women in Love 16.Jane Eyre is the best known of___A___?s novels. A.Charlotte Bronte B.Emily Bronte C.Jane Austen D.Emily Dickinson 17.In the three novels of Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner written by_D____, moral problems are discussed and psychological analysis of characters are emphasized. A.Charlotte Bronte B.Jane Austen C.Charles Dickens D.George Eliot 18.In Memoriam, which was written a long period of 17 years, is often regarded as the most important of___B____ poems. A.Percy Shelley?s B.Alfred Tennyson?s C.John Keats? D.William Yeats? 第六阶段 现代主义时期(19世纪末~) The Modern Period I概述 Contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, the modern English novel gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. The realistic tradition is sensitive to immediate social issues. After 1914, the realistic tradition, though it continued to live, was gradually overtaken by other literary trends such as symbolism, the stream of consciousness and naturalism. II真题详解 1. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?(2006)A A(T.S. Eliot B.D.H. Lawerence C. Theodore Dreiser D.James Joyce 2.William Butler Yeats was a(n)__C____poet and playwright.(2007) A.American B.Canadian C.Irish D.Australian 3.The novel Sons and Lovers was written by__C___. (2009) A.Thomas Hardy B.John Galsworthy C.D.H. Lawerence D.James Joyce III练习题 1. “The Lawerence Trilogy” refers to the following three plays except____D__. A.A Collier?s Friday Night B.The Daughter-in Law C.The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyed D.Lady Chatterley?s Lover 2.Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?D A.A Tale of Two Cities B.Hard Times C.Oliver Twist D.Sons and Lovers 3.The modern English novel, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a__B____presentation of life of the common people. A.romantic B.realistic C.prophetic D.idealistic 4.Structurally and thematically, George Bernard Shaw follows the great tradition of_____C___. A.Modernism B.Romanticism C.Realism D.Naturalism 5.John Galsworthy was famous for__C____. A.Heart of Darkness B.Ulysses C.The Forstyle Saga D.A Passage to India th6.Several gifted women played a part in 19 century literature. Which of the following is an exception?A A.Virginia Woolf B.Emily Bronte C.Jane Austen D.Charlotte Bronte 7.George Bernard Shaw is an outstanding __A____ dramatist. A.realistic B.expressionistic C.modernist D.classical 8.T.S. Eliot is generally considered to be the most important English_A_____. A.poet B.novelist C.dramatist D.essayist 9.Which of the following was NOT written by D.H. Lawerence?D A. Sons and Lovers B.Women in Love C.The Rainbow D.Widowers?Houses 10.Who is NOT the major figure of modernist movement?D A.T.S. Eliot B.James Joyce C.Charles Dickens D.Ezra Pound 11.Which one is D.H. Lawerence?s autobiographical novel?A A.Sons and Lovers B.Women in Love C.The Lost Girl D.Lady Chatterley?s Lover 12.W.S. Maugham was most famous for___C____. A.Moon and Sixpence B.Cakes and Ale C.Human Bondage D.The Razor?s Edge 13.George Orwell wrote__B____, the best and most moving English novel about the Spanish Civil War. A.The Road to Wigan Pier B.Homage to Catalonia C.Animal Farm D.Nineteen Eighty Four 14.Which book made Graham Greene one of the greatest contemporary novelists in England?A A.The Power and the Glory B.The Quiet American C.A Burnt Out-Case D.The Human Factor 15.One of the great names in English poetry in the first four decades of the 20 th century is___C___, an Irishman whose Sailing to Byzantium is considered one of his masterpiece. A.Thomas Hardy B.Robert Browning C.William Butler Yeats D.Alfred Tennyson 16.__D____was the greatest English playwright after Shakespeare whose works like Pygmalion, Mrs Warren?s Profession, Heartbreak House and Widower?s Houses won hi everlasting reputation. A.Somerset Maugham B.Richard Sheridan C.Oscar Wilde D.George Bernard Shaw 17.The trilogy A Modern Comedy was written by __C____who was a noteworthy modern novelist and received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1932. A.D.H. Lawerence B.Arnold Bennett C.John Galsworthy D.Somerset Maugham 18.The great modern novels The Rainbow and Women in Love were written by__D____,one of the greatest figures in______English literature who regarded sex and intuition as a key to undistorted perception of reality and a way to respond to the inhumanity of the industrial culture. A.Sigmund Freud; the 19 th century B.William Faulker;the 20 th century C.James Joyce; the 19 th century D.D.H. Lawerence; the 20 th century 19.James Joyce?s novel___A___has been highly eulogized in the western literary world as one of the greatest works of fiction in the 20 th century. A.Ulysses B.Daisy Miller C.Sister Carrie D.The Mayor of Casterbridge 20.E.M. Froster was a famous__C___whose work _____is his acknowledged masterpiece. A.essayist; Essay of Elia B.poet; Pygmalion C.novelist;A Passage to India D.playwright;The Land of Heart?s Desire 21.Virginia Woolf was an important female__D___ in the early 20 th century England. A.poet B.essayist C.playwright D.novelist 22.Animal Farm published in1945 written by __B___ tells the revolt of a group of animals on a farm against their human masters. A.E.M. Forster B.George Orwell C.John Ruskin D.Elizabeth Gaskell 第二章 美国文学 第一阶段 独立革命之前(17世纪中期之前) The Literature before the Revolution of Independence I 概述 Three stages of development: 1) Traditional Literature The traditional literature was originally transmitted almost entirely by words of mouth. It consists of scared stories, folktales, and songs as part of the rituals annual festivals, tribal traditions and narrative accounts of gods and heroes. 2) Transitional Literature The traditional literature is represented by translations of the great India orators of the 19 th century and memories of the Indian experience in relation to white dominance. 3)Modern Literature The modern literature includes novels, short stories, and poetries written in English by native Americans of the 19 th and 20 th centuries. 第二节 北美殖民时期文学(十六世纪末—十七世纪 中期)Literature of Colonial Settlements “The first American literature was neither American nor really literature. It was not American because it was the work mainly immigrants from England. It was not literature as we know it-in the form of poetry, essay, or fiction—but rather an interesting mixture of travel accounts and religious writings.”(Bode, Book One,5) John Smith was considered to be the “first author” in the history of American literature. His A True Relation of Virginia(1608)(《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙 述》)was considered to be the “first book” in American literature. His another well known book was A Map of Virginia with a Description of the County(1612). 第三节 清教思想的表述 Puritanism American Puritanism stressed predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement from God?s grace. Over the years in the new homeland they built a way of life that stressed hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety. Literature of the New England Settlement is mainly a literary expression of the Puritan idealism. It is based on the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden. III练习题 ___D___usually was regarded as the first American writer. A. William Bradford B.Anne Bradstreet C.Emily Dickinson D.Captain John Smith 第二阶段 独立革命时期(17世纪中期~18世纪末) The Literature around the Revolution of Independence I 概述 Both Calvinist beliefs and deism were employed by the writers at this period . Calvinist stressed original sin and predestination, but deists held that God is the creator of the universe. Deism was the religion of Enlightenment , a philosophical movement of the 18 th century characterized by belief in the power of human reason. With Franklin as its spokesman, the literature of this period experienced an age of reason and order. III练习题 1. Which poem is not written by Freneau?D A. The British Prison Ship B.The Wild Honey Suckle C.The Indian Burying Ground D.The Flood of Years 2.Thomas Jefferson?s attitude, that is, a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call__B___. A.Age of Evolution B.Age of Reason C.Age of Romanticism D.Age of Regionalism 第三阶段 浪漫主义时期(18世纪末~19世纪中后期) American Romanticism American Romanticism was also called American Renaissance. It was a rebellion against the objectivity of Rationalism. For romantics, the feelings, intuitions and emotions were more important than reason and common sense.They emphasized Individualism, placing the individual against the group. They affirmed the inner life of the self and cherished strong interest in the past, the wild, the remote, the mysterious and the strange. Early American Romanticism was best represented by New England Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving in fiction. *Walt Whitman(沃特.惠特曼)(1819~1892) Leaves of Grass《草叶集》 It is a monumental work for its uniquely poetic embodiment of American democratic ideals. Most of the poems in it sing of the “en-mass”and the self as well. Song and Myself《自我之歌》 In it, Whitman?s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growing America, and he sets forth the principal beliefs of both the theory of universality and singularity and equality of all beings in value. Whitman is also innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. He adopted „free verse?(自由诗体)—poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A looser and more open-ended syntactical structure is frequently favored. Lines and sentences of different lengths are left lying side by side just as things are,undisturbed. *Emily Dickinson(艾米莉.狄金森) The theme of her works is usually religion, life and death, love and marriage,etc. Her poetic idiom is noted for directness, plainest wordsand brevity. II 真题详解 1. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?(2009)B A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B.Walt Whitman C.Herman Melville D.Theodore Dreiser III练习题 1. Which of the following is NOT one part of The Leather Stocking Tales by Cooper?A A.The Spy B.The Pathfinder C.The Pioneers D. The Deerslayer 2.Which statement about Thoreau was NOT right?C A.He was a lover of nature B.He was a particular kind of romantic C.He was a polemicist D.He was a thorough transcendentalist 3.Which of the following has been called “the manifesto of American Transcendentalism”?C A.Divinity School Address B.Self-Reliance C.Nature D.The American Scholar 4.The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as__C____. A.the Modern Period B.the Realistic Period C.the Romantic Period D.the Naturalist Period 5.All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne EXCEPT___B___. A.The Marble Faun B.Typee C.The Scarlet Letter D.Mosses from an Old Manse 6.Which of the following is not a work of Emily Dickinson?B A.I Heard a Fly Buzz When I DieD B.The Raven C.That is My Letter to the World D.I Like to See it Lap the Miles 7.Whitman?s poems are characterized by all the following EXCEPT__A_____. A.the strict poetic form B. the free and natural rhythm C.the easy flow of feelings D.the simple and conversational language 8.Poe?s first collection of stories is___D___. A.Tales of a Traveler B.Leather Stocking Tales C.The Canterbury Tales D.Tales of the Grotesque Arabesque 9.Which book is not written by Emerson?D A.The American Scholar B.Self-Realiance C.Nature D.Civil Disobedience 10.The finest example of Hawthorne?s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in__A_____. A.The Scarlet Letter B.Young Goodman Brown C.The Marble Faun D.The Ambitious Guest 11.The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism is___B____. A.Nathaniel Hawthorne B.Ralph Waldo Emerson C.Henry David Thoreau D.Washington Irving 12.Transcendentalists recognized____A__as the “highest power of the soul”. A.intution B.logic C.data of the senses D.thinking 13.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?A A.The American Scholar B.English Traits C.The Conduct of Life D.Representative Men 14.American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century.This was_C____. A.Anne Bradstreet B.Jane Austen C.Emily Dickinson D.Harriet Beecher 15.__D____is not written by Washington Irving. A.The Sketch Book B.Rip Van Winkle C.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow D.The Autobiography 16.Which of the following books is a tremendous chronicle of an appalling vovage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale?B A.The Scarlet Letter B.Moby Dick C.The Marble Faun D.Moses from an old Manse 17._B____was the first man of letters from the United States to win an international reputation . A.Nathaniel Hawthorne B.Washington Irving C.James Fenimore Cooper D.Longfellow 18.Ralph Waldo Emerson is the most outstanding of all the__B___writers in_____literature. A.transcendental/English B.transcendental/American C.realistic/English D.realistis/American 19.Edgar Allan Poe occupies an important position in American literature as a poet and a__A____. A.short story writer B.novelist C.dramatist D.translator 20.In Walden, who urges people to simplify their lives and look to nature for meaning?C A.Robert Frost B.Walt Whitman C.Henry David Thoreau D.Herman Melville 21.The setting of the novel The Scarlet letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is in__D____. A.England during World War II B.Paris during the French Revolution C.the Middle Ages in Italy D.Puritan America 22.The Lost of the Mohicans written by__A__in 1826 is quite bloody but full of images of the beauty of nature. A.James Cooper B.Washington Irving C.William Cullen Brya Nt D.Nathaniel Hawthorne 23.The solemnity and melancholy are clearly felt white reading the beautiful poem Annabel Lee written by American poet__B___. A.Robert Frost B.Edgar Allen Poe C.E.E. Cummings D.Walt Whitman 24.Literary critics have often praised Henry Longfellow?s creation of American lore as a great__C____. A.playwright B.novelist C.poet D.essayist 25.__B_____is an American poet whose great work Leaves of Grass written in unconventional meter and rhyme, celebrates the self, death as a process of life, universal brotherhood, and the greatness of democracy. A.E.E. Cummings B.Walt Whitman C.Robert Frost D.Ezra Pound 26.Emily Dickinson, American greatest_C_____, wrote more than a thousand verses infused with emotional depth and subtlety. A.essayist B.short story writer C.lyric poetess D.novelist 第四阶段 现实主义时期(19世纪中期~20世纪初) American Realism I概述 Broadly defined as “the faithful representation of reality” or “verisimilitude,” Realism is a literary technique practiced by many schools of writing. A reaction against Romanticism, an interest in scientific method, the systematizing of the study of documentary history, and the influence of rational philosophy all affected the rise of Realism in American literature, the term “Realism” encompasses the period of time from the Civil War to the turn of the century during which Henry James, Mark Twain, and others wrote fiction devoted to accurate representation and an exploration of American lives in various contexts. As the United States grew rapidly after the Civil War, the widely felt disillusionment and frustration, the increasing rates of democracy and literary, the rapid growth in industrialism and urbanization, an expanding population base due to immigration, and a relatve rise in middle-class affluence provided a fertile literary environment for readers interested in understanding these rapid shifts in culture . What had been expected to be a “Golden Age” turned to be a “Gilded Age”. The Age of Realism is also called “The Gilded Age” by Mark Twain. Major Features of Realism in American Literature: 1) Straightforward or matter-of-fact manner. 2) Focus on commonness of the lives of the common people. 3) Objective rather than idealistic view of human nature. 4) Present moral visions. 5) Usually open ending. II真题详解 1. William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for___C___.(2005) A. his poems B.his plays C.his short stories D.his novels 2. Who wrote The American?(2005)C A. Herman Melville B.Nathaniel Hawthorne C.Henry James D.Theodore Dreiser 3.The Financier is written by__D___.(2010) A.Mark Twain B.Henry James C.William Faulkner D.Theodore Dreiser III练习题 1. The Age of Realism in the literary history of the United States refers to the period from __D____ to______. A.1861/1920 B.1865/1920 C.1861/1914 D.1865/1914 2.Mark Twain is well-known for his___C___. A.frontier theme B. symbolism C.local color D.international theme 3.The major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19 th century is_B____. A.Romanticism B.Realism C.Sentimentalism D.Naturalism 4.The three dominant figures of the American Realistic Period are the following EXCEPT___A__. A.Jack London B.William Dean Howells C.Mark Twain D.Henry James 5.Whose fame largely rested on his handling of the international theme?D A.Mark Twain B.Stephen Crane C.Theodore D.Henry James 6.The book that gives a fairly accurate picture of southern plantation life is__C___. A.An American Tragedy B.The Call of the Wild C.Uncle Tom?s Cabin D.A Hazard of New Fortunes 7.__B____expresses Jack London?s view that success means an adaptation to circumstances—a coordination of inner energy and external force. A.Martin Eden B.The Call of the Wild C.White Fang D.The Sea-Wolf 8.Jack London wrote___A___as “an attack on Individualism”. A.Martin Eden B.The Call of the Wild C.White Fang D.The Sea Wolf 9.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the American naturalists?A A.They stressed the possible triumph of human will. B.They ventured the forbidden subjects such as sex, death, and violence. C.They wrote in a daring, open, and direct manner. D.They see human beings no more than a physical object under the control of biological and environmental forces. 10___D__is regarded as one of the finest “psychological” fiction writers in America because he explored the motivations and frustration of his fictional characters in terms of Freudianism. A. Jack London B.Mark Twain B. Stephen Crane D.Sherwood Anderson 11.In 1900, Jack London published his first collection of short stories, named__A____. A.The Son of the Wolf B.The Sea Wolf C.The Law of Life D.White Fang 12.Which book is NOT written by Mark Twain?D A.The Gilded Age B.The Prince and the Pauper C.Life on the Mississippi D.The Portrait of a Lady 13. The novel Sister Carrie was written by__B___. A.Henry James B.Theodore Dreiser C.Jack London D.Frank Norris 14.The novel that “touched off the American Civil War” refers to__B___. A.Gone with the Wind B.Uncle Tom?s Cabin C.Farewell to Arms D.The Grapes of Wrath 15.Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is an example of naturalist fiction, written by_A_____. A.Stephen Crane B.Edith Wharton C.Edgar Allan Poe D.Eugene Debs 16.__A____is considered to be Theodore Dreiser?s greatest work. A.An American Tragedy B.Sister Carrie C.The Financier D.Trilogy of Desire 17.Frank Norris?s novel__B____has been viewed as “the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel”. A.Vandorer and the Brute B.McTeague C.Sister Carrie D.The Red Badge of Courage 18.Jack London?s masterwork__C___is somewhat autobiographical. A.The Sea Wolf B.The people of the Abyss C.Martin Eden D.The Star Rover 19.The short stories often with surprise endings such as The Gift of the Magi and The Last Leaf are written by____A__. A.O.Henry B.Theodore Dreiser C.William Faulker D.Jack London 20.__B___was an American writer, journalist and humorist, who won a world- reputation for his stories of the youthful adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. A.Ernest Hemingway B.Mark Twain C.Norman Mailer D.J.D. London 21.__C____made his name as a leading naturalistic writer with his masterwork, Winesburg, Ohio , a picture of life in a typically small Midwestern town. A.Frank Norris B.Upton Sinclair C.Sherwood Anderson D.John Steinbeck 22.American author__A___?s book The Red Badge of Courage published in 1895 brought his international fame. A.Stephen Crane B.Alex Haley C.Norman Mailer D.John Steinbeck 23.American author Theodore Dreiser was generally regarded as an outstanding representative of__A____, whose novels like Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy depict real life subjects in a different harsh light. A.Naturalism and Realism B.Romanticism and Naturalism C.Modernism and Naturalism D.Colonialism and Modernism 24.__B___is a prolife American novelist and short story writer, whose works such as The Call of the Wild and Martin Eden deal romantically with the overwhelming power of nature and the struggle for survival. A.Northrop Frye B.Jack London C.Richard Wright D.Alice Walker 25(Which of the following is NOT written by Henry James?D A.Daisy Miller B.The Portrait of a Lady C.The Bostonians D.The Genius 26.American writer Harriest Stowe was best-known for the anti-slavery novel___C___, which was written in reaction to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. A.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B.After Many a Summer C.Uncle Tom?s Cabin D.Gulliver?s Travels 27.At the end of the 1860s, the two representatives of American Realism were Mark Twain and__C____. A.Stephen Crane B.Ernest Hemingway C.William Dean Howells D.John Steinbeck 第五阶段 现代主义时期(20世纪初~) American Modernism I概述 第一节 现代诗歌 Modern Poetry In the 20 th century, two characteristic strains in American poetry are introspection and social criticism. These two themes are frequently combined into introspective social critricism, in which the poet explores the depths of his own feelings with regard to what appears to him to be the injustices of the society that forms his environment. During the first decade of the 20 th century , Modernism became an international tendency. The essence of Modernism was a break with the past and fostered self fulfillment. Modernism displayed its momentum first in the movement of Imagism. 第二节 现代小说 Modern Fiction “Lost Generation” included the young English and American expatriates as well as men and women caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. The Beat Generation was a product of the time. Social and intellectual changes of the 1950s in American catalyzed the Beat Movement. The Beat Generation was a generation who affected an alienation form general society because they rejected conventional social and moral values. *Ernest Hemingway(欧内斯特.海明威) He was generally regarded as spokesman for the Lost Generation. He was famous for his novels and short stories written in his spare, laconic, yet intense prose with short sentences and very specific details. Almost all his stories deal with the theme of courage in face of tragedy. They reveal man?s impotence and despairing courage to assert himself against overwhelming odds. *William Faulkner(威廉.福克纳)(1897~1962) He was the foremost southern writer of the 20 th century. His theme is essentially an analysis of the underlying cause for the failure and decay of the South before the Civil War.His fiction carries a strong sense of fragmentation in social community and within the individual himself due to loss of love and lack of emotional response. II真题详解 1. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___D__.(2006) A. Scott Fitzgerald B.William Faulkner C.Eugene O?Neil D.Ernest Hemingway 2.Death of a Salesman was written by__A____.(2007) A.Arthur Miller B.Ernest Hemingway C.Ralph Ellison D.James Baldwin III练习题 1. The leader of the imagist movement in American literature is__B____. A. Wallace Stevens B.Ezra Pound C.Robert Frost D.Thomas Stearns Eliot 2.__C____wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern States. A.Jerome David Salinger B.John Updike C.William Faulkner D.F. Scott Fitzgerald 3.All the following writers belong to “The Beat Generation” except_B____. A.Allen Ginsberg B.John Updike C.Jack Kerouac D.Lawerence Ferlinghetti 4.The Naked Lunch is written by__A____. A.William Seward Burroughs B.Lawerence Ferlinghetti C.Allen Ginsberg D.Jack Kerouac 5.__B_____is often acclaimed as the literary spokesman of the Jazz Age. A.Ernest Hemingway B.F. Scott Fitzgerald C.William Faulkner D.Ezra Pound 6.Which of the following is not a black author?B A.Richard Wright B.Alan Ginsberg C.James Bladwin D.Ralph Ellison 7.In which period did Canada?s most famous and successful writers appear?A A.Post-war period B.Period of nation-building C.Early colonial period D.Pre-European period 8.__B____called for an American renaissance in culture and collaborated in fashioning a new kind of poetry called Imagism. A.Carl Sandburg B.Ezra Pound C.Dos Passons D.Scott Fitzgerald 9.Robert Frost is a regional poet in the sense that his poems depict mostly___D___. A.the frontier life B.the sea adventure C.the puritan community D.New England Landscape 10.Which of the following authors is NOT the Nobel Prize winner?D A.Ernest Hemingway B.Eugene O?Neill C.William Faulkner D.F. Scott Fitzgerald 11._C_____is Hemingway?s first true novel, which portrays “the lost generation”. A.For Whom the Bell Tolls B.The Old Man and the Sea C.The Sun Also Rises D.A Farewell to Arms 12.William Faulkner was the foremost American__C___writer of the 20 th century. A.New England B.Western C.Southern D.Black 13.Who wrote the famous two-line poem In a Station of the Metro?A A.Ezra Pound B.W.B.Yeats C.T.S. Elliot D.M.Thomas 14.Ezra Pound?s major work of poetry is the long poem called_C_____. A.Hign Seluyn Mauberley B.Make It New C.Pisan Canto D.Polite Essays 15.In the novel The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway portrayed an old fisherman named___A____, wh shows triumphant even in defeat. A.Santiago B.Jack Barnes C.Martin Eden D.Tom Sawyer 16.In 1962, John Steinbeck was awarded the__B____for literature. A.Pulitzer Prize B.Nobel Prize C.Bolligen Prize D.Tom Sawyer 17.In 1951, Jerome David Salinger published his first and only novel___A____. A.The Catcher in the Rye B.Breakfast at Tiffany?s C.Bullet Park D.Let Your Mind Alone 18.The Rabbit Series were written by__A____. A.John Updike B.Jerome David Salinger C.Mark Twain D.Erza Pound 19.The poem Howl is written by___A__. A.Allen Ginsberg B.John Updike C.Lawerence Ferlinghetti D.Jack Kerouac 20.___D____was Jack Kerouac?s best novel. A.Mexico City Blues B.Howl and the poems C.Visions of Cody D.On the Road 21.Lawerence Ferlinghetti is a/an__B_____. A.playwright B.poet C.novelist D.essayist 22.___B____,born in American, considered as one of the great poets in both American literature and British literature, got British nationality in 1927. A.John Updike B.T.S. Eliot C.Mark Twain D.Ezra Pound 23.Ralph Ellison was an African-American writer, whose enovel_B_____published in 1952 gained a wide critical success, and he has been compared to such writers as Melville and Hawthorne. A.The Grapes of Wrath B.Invisible Man C.Native Son D.The Sound and the Fury 24.Alex Haley became famous with the publication of the novel__B____, which woke up an interest in genealogy, particularly among African Americans. A.Native Son B.Roots C.The Age of Innocence D.Sophie?s Choice 25.Catch 22 was written by American witer___C___and the phrase “catch 22” has entered the English language to signify a no-win situation, particularly one created by a law, regulation or circumstance. A.Joseph Conrad B.Upton Sinclair C.Joseph Heller D. Mark Twain 26.Ernest Hemingway is one of the most famous American novelist, short-story writer and essayist , whose simple prose style in the works like___B___have influenced wide range of writers. A.All the King?s Men B.The Sun Also Rises C.The Color Purple D.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 27.Sinclair Lewis ,the author of__B____, is an American novelist, playwright, and social critic who has gained popularity with satirical novels. A.Tom Jones B.Main Street C.Moby Dick D.The Bluest Eye 28._B____is an American poet whose are often set in rural New England, exploring the relationships between individuals and between people and nature. A.Ernest Hemingway B.Robert Frost C.F.Scott Fitzgerald D.John Steinbeck 29.American writer Harper Lee is famous for her race relations novel__B____which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1961. A.The Scarlet Letter B.To Kill a Mockingbird C.The Great Gatsby D.Naked Lunch 30.E.E Cummings is best known for his lyrical and typographically eccentric__B_____. A.novels B.poetry C.prose D.drama 31.American author Margaret Mitchell wrote an enormously popular novel___C____, which tells a story about the Civil War and Reconstruction as secret from the southern point of view. A.Winesburg, Ohio B.Go Tell It on the Mountain C.Gone with the Wind D.Invisible Man 32___A_____?s best known novel is The Catcher in the Rye, a story about a rebellious teenage schoolboy and his quixotic experiences in New York. A. Jerome David Salinger B.Robert Frost C.F. Scott Fitzgerald D.John Steinbeck 33.___C____received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962, and he is best remembered for The Grapes of Wrath, a novel widely considered to be a 20 th century classic. A.Sinclair Lewis B.Jerome Salinger C.John Steinbeck D.F. Scott Fitzgerald 34.Pearl S. Buck, who won the Nobel Prize in 1938, wrote many novels about China, and the best known is__A____. A.The Good Earth B.The Caine Mutiny C.A New Life D.The Portrait of a Lady 35.__A_____, one of America?s greatest playwright, won the Nobel Prize in 1936, the first American playwright to receive the honor. Some of his most famous works include Anna Christie, the Hairy Ape, The Iceman Cometh, Long Day?s Journey into Night and so on. A.Arthur Miller B.Tennessee Williams C.Bernard Malanmud D.Eugene Galdstone O?Neill