教师版2013届高考英语二轮专题考点易错点精选学案系列动词时态和语态

教师版2013届高考英语二轮专题考点易错点精选学案系列动词时态和语态 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 教师版2013届高考英语二轮专题考点易错点精选学案系列 动词时态和语态 【考点在线】 考点一、一般现在时与现在进行时 1(一般现在时 (1)考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件 例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 【解析】飞机起非的时间是时间表上的安排，所以无论将来什么时候发生都用一般 现在时，答案应是A。 (2)考查表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态 例2 This machine _______. It hasn’t worked for years. A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working 【解析】机器闲置了很多年，所以现在的状况也是不运转的，用一般现在时表示现 时的状态，故答案为C。 例3 The house belongs to my aunt but she _______ here any more. A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live C. had lived D. doesn’t live 【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为 D。 (3)考查表示普遍真理、事实 例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实， 所以用一般现在时，答案是B。 (现在进行时 2 (1)考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事 例5 I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。 例6Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 【解析】因为我获了奖，所以这段时间老有人给我打电话怎样花这笔钱，答案应是 D。 (3)考查表示某个按最近的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作 常用的这类动词有:go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。 例7Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 【解析】答案是B。用进行时表示飞机即将起飞。 从历届高考题可以看出，命题者在选项的设置中注重对一般现在时和现在进行时区 第 1 页 共 5 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 别的考查。这两种时态的区别见下: 一般现在时:习惯性、永久性、客观事实 现在进行时:暂时性、重复性、感情色彩 考点二、一般过去时与过去进行时 1(一般过去时 主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况 例8It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and education. A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed 【解析】句中的the early说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过 去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。 例9My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _______ there for a few months and then went to America. A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working 【解析】此题中的two years ago说明是发生在过去的事情，所以答案是A。 2(过去进行时 (1)考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成 例10—Has Sam finished his homework today? —I have no idea. He _______ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答 案为C。 (2)考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作 例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you? —I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting 【解析】“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下: 一般过去时:完成性 过去进行时:未完成 考点三、现成完成时与现在完成进行时 1(现成完成时 (1)考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果 例12Although medical science _______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved 【解析】尽管句中未出现时间状语，我们从句意可以判断出医学已经控制住了一些 危险的疾病，所以答案是B。 (2)考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作 tee all his life, is 例13My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Commitretiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 【解析】此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工 作，答案应是D。 第 2 页 共 5 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 例14My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing 【解析】句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案 是C。 2(现成完成进行时 主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。 例15Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. consider D. is going to consider 【解析】因为失业，Lucy一直考虑重返校园，但是到现在还没做出决定,所以答案 为B。 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下: 现在完成时:完成性 强调动作的结果 现在完成进行时:未完成性 动作在不久前持续进行的情景 考点四、 主动表示被动的三种情况 1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。 常见动词是:cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。 2. 一些连系动词的主动式，形容词。 常见动词是:look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。 请同学们看下面一道题: 例16The roast duck_______delicious and a lot_______in two hours. A. was tasted; was sold B. tasted; was sold C. was tasted; sold D. tasted; would sell 【解析】根据所给情景，taste应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以 第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。 上题可以变化如下: 例17The roast dark which Mr and Mrs White prepared_______well. A. sold B. had been sold C. was sold D. would sell 【解析】此题中sell表示“卖得……”，要用主动语态，根据prepared，答案为A。 在英语里，wash, wear, write等词也用主动形式表示被动意思，如:This kind of shoes wear well.(这种鞋子很耐穿)。 3. 五个“发生”: happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。 例18is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_______every four years. As; break out 【解析】本题考查定语从句和表示“发生”等词的用法。A项it 不对，are held正确， 改成以下句子正确:It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D项中That与break out不妥，B项中as引导的定语从句修饰the Olympic ... 整 个句子，take place相当于are held，所以答案为B。 【易错点睛】 易错角度 1 常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和平共处基本用法 1 He was hoping to go abroad but his parents __ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide 【错解】 C 第 3 页 共 5 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com 【纠错心得】 前面的was hoping有很大的干扰，考生以为是过去的动作，从而错选C。but之后的句意为:他的父母决定，除非他从银行借钱，否则他们是不会支持的。那么是已经决定，过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响，符合现在完成时的含义与用法。 【答案】 B 2. They __ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we it as no good results have come out so far. A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working 【纠错心得】 本题有两个不同的语境。前者是在我加入以前他们已经干了一个星期，是过去的过去，用过去完成时;后者则用现在进行时来表示目前仍然处于的状态。时间状语so far是修饰动作come out的。 【答案】 A 3. —Has Sam finished his homework today? —I have no idea. He __ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 【错解】 A 【纠错心得】 这里的时间状语this moring很容易让考生误选一般过去时。句意为:Sam今天写完作业了吗?我不知道，他今天上午在做着呢。应该使用过去进行时，表示上午当时正做着，但不知是否完成。状语this moming前加上by，则可用过去完成时。 【答案】 C 4. —The window is dirty. —I know. It for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 【错解】 B 【纠错心得】 题干中的时间状语for weeks是某段时间。根据后者所说:我知道，它已经好几周没擦了。窗户应该是被擦，而且过去的动作影响到现在，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态。 【答案】 D 5.—Thank goodness, you are here! What__ you? —Traffic jam. A. keeps B. is keeping C. had kept D. kept 【错解】 C 【纠错心得】 根据语义You’re here(你终于到了)，那么后面是叙述在到达之前所发生的事情，说明动作已经终止，用一般过去时。如果说强调对现在的影响，也只能是现在完成时，所以C项是错误的。 【答案】 D 易错角度 2 主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法 1 Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. 第 4 页 共 5 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com 金太阳新课标资源网 wx.jtyjy.com A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 【错解】 B 【纠错心得】 损失是暴风雨造成的，所以应该是被动。但如果被题干中的过去时迷惑而用过去完成时的B项就错了。暴风雨是昨晚发生的事情，但由此造成的影响还在继续，所以应当用现在完成时的被动语态。 【答案】 A 2.—Why did you leave that position? —I __ a better position at IBM. A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered 【错解】 C 【纠错心得】 动词offer常用在offereb.sth.结构中，这里主语是I，故用被动语态。又因为动作发生在过去，因此选D。 【答案】 D 3. Sarah,hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to __ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 【错解】 D 【纠错心得】 本题考查系表结构。“get changed"是换衣服的意思，changed是过去分词做表语。类似的还有 get dressed，get seated等。 【答案】 A 第 5 页 共 5 页 金太阳新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com