2010年12月英语四级考试真题word完整版[奉献]

2010年12月英语四级考试真题word完整版[奉献] Part I Writing (30 minutes) ,DirectionsFor this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 目前不少父母为孩子包为一切1. 为了为孩子立独父母为为……2. , How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? ;;Part II Reading ComprehensionSkimming and Scanning) 15 minutes) A Grassroots Remedy Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when 慢者跑joggers () jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. 为失But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit 多为症hyperactivity disorder (). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school. Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In 等为playgrounds, children create a hierarchy () based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity. 恃强凌弱柏油碎Most bullying () is found in schools where there is a tarmac ( 石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife. But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls. One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places. The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. 哺乳为物Human beings are a species of mammals (). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human. Five ways to find harmony with the natural world Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb. Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed. Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background. Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life. Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all. 注意,此部分为为为在答为卡上作答。1 1. What is the author’s profound belief? ,, APeople instinctively seek nature in different ways. ,, BPeople should spend most of their lives in the wild. ,, CPeople have quite different perceptions of nature. ,, DPeople must make more efforts to study nature. 2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?,, APersonal freedom. ,, BThings that are natural. ,, CUrban surroundings. ,, DThings that are purchased. 3. What does a study in Sweden show? ,, AThe natural environment can help children learn better.,, BMore access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.,, CA good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.,, DNatural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas ________.,, Atend to develop a strong love for science ,, Bare more likely to fantasise about wildlife ,, Ctend to be physically tougher in adulthood ,, Dare less likely to be involved in bullying 5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?,, AFind more effective drugs for them. ,, BProvide more green spaces for them. ,, CPlace them under more personal care. ,, DEngage them in more meaningful activities. 6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature? ,, ,, AThey look on life optimistically. CThey are able to live longer. ,, ,, BThey enjoy a life of better quality. DThey become good- humoured. 7. Dr William Bird suggests in his study that ________. ,, Ahumanity and nature are complementary to each other ,, Bwild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people ,, Caccess to nature contributes to the reduction of violence ,, Dit takes a long time to restore nature once damaged8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be______________ 9. The author believes that we would not be so civilised without ____________________ 10. The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek _________________ with the natural world. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the ,,,,,, ,,four choices marked A, B, Cand D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre 注意,此部分为为为在答为卡上作答。2 ,, ,, 11. AThe man should visit the museums. CThe beach resort is a good choice. ,, ,, BShe can’t stand the hot weather. DShe enjoys staying in Washington. ,, 12. AHer new responsibilities in the company. ,, BWhat her job prospects are. ,, CWhat the customers’ feedback is. ,, DThe director’s opinion of her work. ,, 13. ACombine her training with dieting. ,, BRepeat the training every three days. ,, CAvoid excessive physical training. ,, DInclude weightlifting in the program. ,, 14. AWhen she will return home. ,, BWhether she can go by herself. ,, CWhether she can travel by air. ,, DWhen she will completely recover. ,, 15. AThe woman knows how to deal with the police. ,, BThe woman had been fined many times before. ,, CThe woman had violated traffic regulations. ,, DThe woman is good at finding excuses. ,, 16. ASwitch off the refrigerator for a while. ,, BHave someone repair the refrigerator. ,, CAsk the man to fix the refrigerator.,, DBuy a refrigerator of better quality. ,, 17. AHe owns a piece of land in the downtown area. ,, BHe has got enough money to buy a house. ,, CHe can finally do what he has dreamed of. ,, DHe is moving into a bigger apartment. ,, 18. AShe is black and blue all over. ,, BShe has to go to see a doctor. ,, CShe stayed away from work for a few days.,, DShe got hurt in an accident yesterday. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. ,, 19. AShe was a bank manager. ,, BShe was a victim of the robbery. ,, CShe was a defence lawyer. ,, DShe was a witness to the crime. ,, 20. AA tall man with dark hair and a moustache. ,, BA youth with a distinguishing mark on his face. ,, CA thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.,, DA medium-sized young man carrying a gun. ,, ,, 21. AIdentify the suspect from pictures. CHave her photo taken for their files. ,, ,, BGo upstairs to sign some document. DVerify the record of what she had said. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. ,, ,, 22. ABy reading a newspaper ad. CBy listening to the morning news. ,, ,, BBy seeing a commercial on TV. DBy calling an employment service. ,, 23. AShe could improve her foreign languages. ,, BShe could work close to her family. ,, CShe could travel overseas frequently. ,, DShe could use her previous experiences. ,, ,, 24. ATaking management courses. CWorking as a secretary. ,, ,, BTeaching English at a university. DStudying for a degree in French. ,, 25. APrepare for an interview in a couple of days. ,, BRead the advertisement again for more details. ,, CSend in a written application as soon as possible. ,, DGet to know the candidates on the short list. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from ,,,,,, ,,the four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意, 此部分为为为在答为卡上作答。2 Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. ,, 26. AThey cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke. ,, BThey do not realize the danger they are in. ,, CThey cannot hear the firefighters for the noise. ,, DThey mistake the firefighters for monsters. ,, 27. AHe travels all over America to help put out fires. ,, BHe often teaches children what to do during a fire. ,, CHe teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community. ,, DHe provides oxygen masks to children free of charge. ,, 28. AHe saved the life of his brother choking on food. ,, BHe rescued a student from a big fire. ,, CHe is very good at public speaking. ,, DHe gives informative talks to young children. ,, 29. AFirefighters play an important role in America. ,, BKids should learn not to be afraid of monsters. ,, CCarelessness can result in tragedies ,, DInformative speeches can save lives. Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. ,, 30. ATo satisfy the needs of their family. ,, BTo fully realize their potential. ,, CTo make money for early retirement. ,, DTo gain a sense of their personal worth. ,, 31. AThey may have to continue to work in old age. ,, BThey may regret the time they wasted. ,, CThey may have nobody to depend on in the future. ,, DThey may have fewer job opportunities. ,, 32. AMaking wise use of your time. ,, BEnjoying yourself while you can. ,, CSaving as much as you can. ,, DWorking hard and playing hard. Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. ,, 33. AHardworking students being accused of cheating. ,, BBoy students being often treated as law-breakers. ,, CInnocent people being suspected groundlessly. ,, DJunior employees being made to work overtime. ,, 34. AForbidding students to take food out of the restaurant. ,, BRequesting customers to pay before taking the food. ,, CAsking customers to leave their bags on the counters. ,, DAllowing only two students to enter at a time. ,, ,, 35. AHe was taken to the manager. CHe was asked to leave. ,, ,, BHe was closely watched. DHe was overcharged. Section C 注意,此部分为为在答为卡上作答。2 Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to (36) __ our family histories so our children and 为为grandchildren can learn and (37) ______their heritage (). With computers and Internet connections in so many (38) _____, colleges, business, people e-mailing friends and relatives all the time—or talking to them in writing in online (39) ____ rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more (40) ________ than waiting until Sunday for the telephone (41) _____ to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to (42) _____ and discuss their classroom assignments and to (43) 合_____________ them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate (作) on homework. (44) __________________. Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. (45) _____________. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, “I want you to know that I care about you.” (46) __________________________, but only in the success of human relationships. Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)? Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior. Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is 为the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning. 注意,此部分为为为在答为卡上作答。2 ,, ,, Aabilities Iextent ,, ,, Bachieve Jindicates ,, ,, Cappeal Kproceeds ,, ,, Dcomplaints Lpsychological ,, ,, Econtributions Mraised ,, ,, Fdisplayed Nsmart ,, ,, Gessentially Ostandard ,, Heventually Section B Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For 学为界some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia () outweigh any financial considerations. Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them. The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a 制为的pharmaceutical () company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities. Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the 为为transition () to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.” 注意, 此部分为为为在答为卡上作答。2 57. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________. ,, Auniversity researchers know little about the commercial world ,, Bthere is little exchange between industry and academia ,, Cfew industrial scientists would quit to work in a university ,, Dfew university professors are willing to do industrial research 58. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________. ,, ,, Akeeps someone from taking action Cattracts people’s attention ,, ,, Bhelps to move the traffic Dbrings someone a financial burden 59. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career? ,, ,, AFlexible work hours. CHer preference for the lifestyle on campus. ,, ,, BHer research interests. DProspects of academic accomplishments. 60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________. ,, Ado financially more rewarding work ,, Braise his status in the academic world ,, Cenrich his experience in medical research ,, Dexploit better intellectual opportunities 61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university? ,, AIncrease its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market. ,, BDevelop its students’ potential in research. ,, CHelp it to obtain financial support from industry. ,, DGear its research towards practical applications. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest 为寿longevity () boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and 为夫widowers () were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm. Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects. So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic 生factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner. A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.” 注意, 此部分为为为在答为卡上作答。2 62. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________. ,, Asocial life provides an effective cure for illness ,, Bbeing sociable helps improve one’s quality of life ,, Cwomen benefit more than men from marriage ,, Dmarriage contributes a great deal to longevity 63. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________. ,, Aolder men should quit smoking to stay healthy ,, Bmarriage can help make up for ill health ,, Cthe married are happier than the unmarried ,, Dunmarried people are likely to suffer in later life 64. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________. ,, Athe disadvantages of being married ,, Bthe emotional problems arising from marriage ,, Cthe responsibility of taking care of one’s family ,, Dthe consequence of a broken marriage 65. What does the author say about social networks? ,, AThey have effects similar to those of a marriage. ,, BThey help develop people’s community spirit. ,, CThey provide timely support for those in need. ,, DThey help relieve people of their life’s burdens. 66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? ,, AIt’s important that we develop a social network when young. ,, BTo stay healthy, one should have a proper social network. ,, CGetting a divorce means risking a reduced life span. ,, DWe should share our social networks with each other. Part Cloze (15 minutes)? 注意,此部分为为为在答为卡上作答。2 Over half the world’s people now live in cities. The latest “Global Report on Human Settlements” says a significant change took place last year. The report 67 this week from U.N. Habitat, a United Nations agency. A century ago, 68 than five percent of all people lived in cities. 69 the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or 70 six and a half billion people. Already three-fourths of people in 71 countries live in cities. Now most urban population 72 is in the developing world. Urbanization can 73 to social and economic progress, but also put 74 on cities to provide housing and 75 . The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move 76 cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities, 77 by social divisions and differences in 78 , could result in violence and crime 79 cities plan better. 无序为展的城区Another issue is urban sprawl (). This is where cities 80 quickly into rural areas, sometimes 81 a much faster rate than urban population growth. Sprawl is 82 in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the 83 cities to smaller ones. He sees a 84 toward “de-urbanization” across the nation. 85 urban economies still provide many 86 that rural areas do not. ,, ,, ,, ,, 67. Acame on Ccame overBcame off Dcame out ,, ,, ,, ,, 68. Amore ClessBother Drather ,, ,, ,, ,, 69. ABy CAlong BThrough DTo ,, ,, ,, ,, 70. Areally CeverBbarely Dalmost ,, ,, ,, ,, 71. Aflourishing CthrivingBdeveloped Dfertile ,, ,, ,, ,, 72. Aextension CraiseBaddition Dgrowth ,, ,, ,, ,, 73. Akeep CleadBturn Drefer ,, ,, ,, ,, 74. Apressure CrestraintBload Dweight ,, ,, ,, ,, 75. Asurroundings CconcernsBcommunities D services ,, ,, ,, ,, 76. Aonto Caround Binto Dupon ,, ,, ,, ,, 77. Apulled CdrawnBdriven Dpressed ,, ,, ,, ,, 78. Asituation CtreasureBwealth Dcategory ,, ,, ,, ,, 79. Awhen Cunless Bif Dwhereas ,, ,, ,, ,, 80. Aexpand CinvadeBsplit Denlarge ,, ,, ,, ,, 81. Ain Cwith Bbeyond Dat ,, ,, ,, ,, 82. Acommon CordinaryBconventional D frequent ,, ,, ,, ,, 83. Aessential Cprimitive Bprior Dmajor ,, ,, ,, ,, 84. Atrend CdirectionBstyle Dpath ,, ,, ,, ,, 85. AThen CForBBut DWhile ,, ,, ,, ,, 86. Aabilities CpossibilitiesBqualities Drealities Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意, 此部分为为为在答为卡上作答～只需出为文部分。写2 为了保他加为确参会87. _________________________(), I called him up in advance. 据为建成于88. The magnificent museum ______________() about a hundred years ago. 没独有地球特的为境89. There would be no life on earth _____________(). 为游客印象最深的90. __________() was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. 我借的为为回为为为91. They requested that ___________________() by next Friday.