电商角逐生鲜版图：竞争“命门”在供应链

电商角逐生鲜版图：竞争“命门”在供应链 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 电商角逐生鲜版图:竞争“命门”在供应链 电商大规模拓展生鲜市场的“战争”正全面打响。 6月初，亚马逊中国推出海鲜频道“鲜码头”，而在7月，京东、中粮我买网等也将上线生鲜频道。而在此前3月份，1号店已宣布旗下1号果园正式进军生鲜领域，加上2011年10月淘宝生鲜频道上线，到如今，国内各大电商角逐线上生鲜市场正逐渐走入关键阶段。 生鲜品类勾引电商热情 生鲜为电商带来的不仅是利润，更是持续的消费、关注和稳定的人气，这种消费黏性对于商家来说是吸引顾客、提高客单价的金钥匙。 2008年，生鲜网购已经开始。然而，第一批试水者几乎都因供应链、物流、管理等种种原因夭折。典型案例就是优菜网。2013年1月，创建于2010年的优菜网陷入“卖身”困境，其创始人丁景涛在总结失败的教训时归于两点，一是败于供应链，二是败于管理。 有人说，生鲜并不适合创业者。而从去年开始，大玩家们开始进场。据《中国经营报(博客,微博)》记者了解，目前，生鲜领域的参与者可以大致分为以下几类:有为了寻找新利益增长点的大型网购平台，如京东、亚马逊、淘宝、1号店;有借助强大仓储、配送背景，而试图转型涉足电商领域的物流公司，如顺丰优选;有专注生鲜食品，从小做大的垂直电商，如沱沱工社、优菜网、摘鲜网;还有为了留住原有的消费者，将生鲜配送视为最后一根救命稻草的传统零售商，如永辉、沃尔玛、麦德龙。各家有各家不同的营销策略和成长模式，生 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 鲜品类缘何受到众多商家的青睐,业内分析人士指出，首先是大势所趋:人的消费方式在变。生鲜分为两类，一是走有机路线的高端类，二是百姓菜。百姓菜篮子是民生工程，线上取代线下并不现实。但是在高端领域，有已经形成习惯的网购大军，有足够的利润空间，线上取代线下是很有希望的。随着沃尔玛、家乐福、Tesco等众多实体超市面临租金数倍上涨的巨大压力，撤出城市的黄金地段、缩减门店数已经成为大型商超可以预见的未来，而订单式商业模式可以尽最大可能减少损耗，线上生鲜销售平台所带来的便利和吸引力会逐渐增加，这将是一个不可逆的趋势。 生鲜品类是人们的生活必需品，有着强大的消费黏性，作为重复购买率和活跃度最高的品类，生鲜为电商带来的不仅是利润，更是持续的消费、关注和稳定的人气，这种消费黏性对于商家来说是吸引顾客、提高客单价的金钥匙，是线上与线下超市真正开始势均力敌的制胜法宝。因此，对于线上电商来说，即使亏损也要进入这个品类。 而从电商竞争角度看，电商的各种品类已呈逐渐饱和的态势。服装、3C的增速下降，生鲜领域坐拥巨大的需求市场，且相对于普通的平价超市产品拥有更高的利润率，而它在线上的销售模式还处于探索和开发的初级阶段，谁能抢先一步便可站在行业的制高点。 竞争“命门”在供应链 供应链的关键之一在于货源。传统的生鲜供应链上往往有众多参与者，从菜农、加工商到各级代理商，每一个环节都意味着成本的增加和品质的损耗。在质量和成本的博弈下，各大电商试图降低这个 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 链条的成本。 零售业务的核心是供应链管理，生鲜品类对时效的要求很高，周转快、库存低，缩短产地和顾客之间的距离，确保生鲜食品的质量和新鲜度是生鲜电商的黄金生存法则。事实上，涉足生鲜的电商企业也都把供应链看成是制胜法宝。 供应链的关键之一在于货源。传统的生鲜供应链上往往有众多参与者，从菜农、加工商到各级代理商，每一个环节都意味着成本的增加和品质的损耗。在质量和成本的博弈下，各大电商试图降低这个链条的成本。有些电商选择与生产基地或者上游供应商直接合作，减少中间商的流通环节，缩短供应链，降低产品成本，实现供应商和顾客的双向对接，实现企业和消费者的双赢。1号店副总裁郭冬东在接受本报记者采访时表示，1号店采取的是直达果园、农场的直采方式，也就是在各大水果的重点产区采购，采摘后的产品直接进入1号店仓库，也会选择与各国驻沪总领事馆农贸处、水果协会合作，引进一些政府推荐进口生鲜食品。 顺丰优选的策略与1号店类似，针对生鲜品类专门设立采购部。在产地采购，并借助其物流网络实现快速配送。同时，顺丰优选可以支撑切入冷链物流，以丰富其主营业务。与1号店、顺丰等资金雄厚又拥有物流基础的企业相比，一些规模较小的垂直电商也有自己的策略。据摘鲜网负责人杨林介绍，摘鲜网的进货渠道分为三部分，一是直接进口;二是在国内直接合作参股了一些优质的农产品(000061,股吧)基地，主要针对那些较耐存储的水果，如陕西的猕猴桃和苹果、 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 江西的赣南脐橙、海南的木瓜等。而一些不耐存储的水果比如蓝莓，就向基地提出采取拼车的购买方式，和别家供应商共用一套冷链，自己消化不了的蓝莓就在北京新发地直接进行对外批发。除了这两部分外，其他的水果都是在新发地进行采购。摘鲜网的物流中心就设在新发地。比基地合作和直接采购更进一步的选择，便是全产业链式经营。在2008年由九城集团旗下北京九城天时生态农业有限公司打造的沱沱工社，就是全产业链结构，其已经投资了7000余万元自建农场。沱沱工社创始人董敏表示，“我之所以下决心在北京平谷买下1000亩农田作为沱沱有机农场来种植果蔬，就是要从源头保证有机食品的质量。”沱沱工社定位于本地化生鲜平台，利用城市周边的土地进行种植，把绿色农产品挂到网上进行销售，收到订单后进行同城物流配送。不过，由于客户群主要还是定位于城市中的中高端消费群体，其发展规模仍然有很大的限制性，前期投入成本也很高。 做出独特价值才有未来 如果没有大平台的优势，创业型公司就必须挖掘出自己独特的价值，才能实现持续发展。 对于用户来说，快速和品质是其网购生鲜的共同需求。但对于电商企业说，差异化定位，做出独特的价值才是生存之道。大电商都有可供利用的资源，比如1号店借力沃尔玛，具备进口商品的直接采购资质;顺丰优选全球性自营冷链物流配送体系的相对完善，从而在各大基地产品的直采基础上保证新鲜度。 如果没有大平台的优势，创业型公司就必须挖掘出自己独特的 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 价值，才能实现持续发展。由于配送成本比较高，传统电商企业一般是努力将客单价做高，鼓励客户一次性买很多东西，比如沱沱工社和顺丰优选都努力地将客单价价维持在300元以上。 而摘鲜网的做法则与之不同。杨林表示，摘鲜网先由线上做起，经过数年时间后，根据线上数据，甄选出配送密集度比较高的北京金融街(000402,股吧)、国贸CBD等区域重点发展，并在附近的小区开设实体店，并针对企事业客户推出小份会议水果和下午茶水果套餐。“摘鲜网不是以传统电商的做法来做生鲜，并不追求高客单价。他们降低了配送金额，努力让客单价实现在30~50元之间，并在金融街实现1~3小时送达，解决客户即时性的需求。”在杨林看来，其市场策略是设立很低的门槛，用快速配送，保证新鲜。杨林认为，每个人1~2天内食用的水果量就在这个区间内，因此会鼓励客户只买当天的水果。这种有别于传统电商的做法，使得摘鲜网稳扎稳打、从点到面地从金融街开始，逐渐覆盖北京的几个高等商圈，以及北京五环以内优质社区。 但是杨林也坦言，生鲜完全在线上销售不太现实，生鲜这种东西是需要体验的。以猕猴桃为例，在线下店，打开一箱给用户品尝，一天现场销售的量超过网站上十天，而在网上无论把页面做得再漂亮，把照片拍得再好都敌不过尝一口更有说服力。 将门店作为线上物流配送中心的模式在国外已很常见，这也是传统零售相较于纯电商的天然优势，这种模式节省了自建物流中心的成本，麦德龙、TESCO和沃尔玛在国外均是依托现有的门店进行配送， 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 对于国内传统零售商而言，生鲜可能是其对抗电商的最后一根稻草。不过，对于纯电商来说，采用线上线下结合的O2O模式也是一种建立新的价值点的探索。 另外， 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 化控制成为生鲜电商要考量的重要问题。以新发地的批发杨梅为例，每天早上新到产品，价格是一箱70元，中午时可能变为一箱50元，到下午剩下几十箱的时候价格可能就降到30元甚至更低。因此，生鲜电商应尽可能将自己的产品品质稳定在某一区间内以保障用户体验。 冷链物流成“生鲜电商”之痛 用户体验是电商企业维系老用户的关键，生鲜电商更是如此。优菜网失去老用户的最根本原因即用户体验下降:配送到用户家里的菜不新鲜了。生鲜产品的的易损性将一个非常关键的问题摆在生鲜电商面前:上不上冷链物流, 目前，我国农产品通过冷链流通的比例偏低。欧美等发达国家肉禽冷链流通率已经达到100%，蔬果冷链流通率也在95%以上，而我国大部分生鲜农产品仍在常温下流通，冷链物流基础设施能力严重不足，冷藏保温车占货运汽车的比例极低，且农产品冷链物流技术滞后。 生鲜需要严格的全程冷链控制，即冷藏冷冻类食品在生产、运输、销售过程的各个环节中始终需要处于低温环境。而生鲜行业电子商务最大的障碍正在于配送，因为食品的新鲜程度直接取决于配送的时间，如果配送不及时就会导致食品失去新鲜度，然而冷链物流比普 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 通物流的成本要高出数倍，这是生鲜品类对各大电商提出的最高门槛，也是生鲜电商赢得市场份额、提高自身竞争力的关键因素。然而，冷链物流与常温物流完全是不同的 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 和体系，投入成本非常高。 在这样的现实问题下，沱沱工社才决定在北京顺义投资2700万元建立6000平方米的集冷藏、冷冻库和加工车间于一体的仓储配送物流中心，分为标准库和生鲜库，其中生鲜占40%，此外还购买了若干台冷藏冷冻车，通过采用全冷链物流到家的配送运作模式，最终实现新鲜日配的目标，但包括固定资产、人力等成本在内，每配送一个订单的成本可能就高达50元。顺丰根据北京六环以内平均每天的订单数和配送成本，计算得出现在同行平均每一个订单的物流配送成本大概在47元多，整个业内至少都在40元以上，这还不包括整个仓储、IT、客服系统等成本，所以100元左右的订单对电商而言都是亏损的。这就使得大多数生鲜电商只有不断提高客单价才能取得收支平衡。对于公司的产品质量可控性、规模化发展、稳定提供服务等方面来说，自营冷链当然是最佳选择，但这也同时意味着巨大的前期资金投入，物流车、冷库、人力资源等等所形成的成本过高问题可能使得生鲜电商过早夭折。对于像京东、1号店这样的大平台而言，盈利是其面临的重要课题，所以投入庞大的资金自建冷链物流显然是不可能的。据了解，亚马逊、京东和1号店就是由进驻的生鲜厂商自行配送，通过选择开放给第三方企业的运营方式，避免前期的巨大成本投入。像摘鲜网这样的中小电商，会通过借助各方的冷链来降低成本。例如其猕猴桃运输借助的是蒙牛的冷链，也就是在蒙牛往某地配送牛奶后，搭 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 上其回程的“顺风车”。 不过，从长远来看，一旦有了规模，搭“顺风车”也不是长远之计。对电商而言，从农产品的采购到配送，链条已经足够长。最好的方式应是把物流外包给专业的第三方物流企业。其他市场化的第三方冷链公司如果能提供相对专业的供货、仓储和物流操作，它们的前期操作困难就会小很多，成为一个纯粹的电商平台， 然而，目前市场上能提供合适服务的第三方冷链物流公司并不多，而服务价格、配送范围、冷链操作能够符合要求的可选择的范围更是狭窄。据了解，目前已有的独立冷链物流网络多为产、供、销一体化模式，或是在特定区域内自给自足，而全国性的冷链物流体系尚未成型，比如易果网就曾经多次寻找第三方配送商而 不过，从长远来看，一旦有了规模，搭“顺风车”也不是长远之计。对电商而言，从农产品的采购到配送，链条已经足够长。最好的方式应是把物流外包给专业的第三方物流企业。其他市场化的第三方冷链公司如果能提供相对专业的供货、仓储和物流操作，它们的前期操作困难就会小很多，成为一个纯粹的电商平台， 然而，目前市场上能提供合适服务的第三方冷链物流公司并不多，而服务价格、配送范围、冷链操作能够符合要求的可选择的范围更是狭窄。据了解，目前已有的独立冷链物流网络多为产、供、销一体化模式，或是在特定区域内自给自足，而全国性的冷链物流体系尚未成型，比如易果网就曾经多次寻找第三方配送商而未果。对此，中粮我买网的物流总监任盈军也曾表示，“要么就是价格太高，要么就是传统的冷链，需要 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 跟他们进行大量磨合，还要花成本对他们进行改造，需要时间。” 冷链物流体系的完善、专业第三方冷链配送的建立是真正推进这个市场发展的关键。但事实上，第三方冷链物流公司之所以在国内经营发展不善，其生存压力也不容小视，在日本一直坚持做冷链宅配的雅玛多进入中国后，一直处于亏损状态，因为宅配背后的真正推手是电商，但电商对价格非常敏感，留给第三方的盈利空间很少。由于分拣基地、车辆、冷藏设备、人员等的成本过高，大多数冷链物流企业目前普遍运营B2B业务，主要在供货商与销售网点之间进行物流配送，宅配业务极少。 业内普遍认为，冷链宅配市场具有很大的潜力，然而谁为高成本的冷链宅配买单、如何找到更好的模式来保证生鲜的“最后一公里”，都是亟待解决的问题。在国内，生鲜蔬菜和肉类的流通过程普遍需要经历48小时以上，才能到达市场或商超的货架上，而大于48小时则让我们与新鲜失之交臂。在未来，随着人们对生活水平和质量要求的提高，建立一套完整的宅配体系，使流通时间大大缩短的生鲜宅配服务将是大势所趋。 以下内容为繁体版 電商大規模拓展生鮮市場的“戰爭”正全面打響。 6月初，亞馬遜中國推出海鮮頻道“鮮碼頭”，而在7月，京東、中糧我買網等也將上線生鮮頻道。而在此前3月份，1號店已宣佈旗下1號果園正式進軍生鮮領域，加上2011年10月淘寶生鮮頻道上線， 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 到如今，國內各大電商角逐線上生鮮市場正逐漸走入關鍵階段。 生鮮品類勾引電商熱情 生鮮為電商帶來的不僅是利潤，更是持續的消費、關註和穩定的人氣，這種消費黏性對於商傢來說是吸引顧客、提高客單價的金鑰匙。 2008年，生鮮網購已經開始。然而，第一批試水者幾乎都因供應鏈、物流、管理等種種原因夭折。典型案例就是優菜網。2013年1月，創建於2010年的優菜網陷入“賣身”困境，其創始人丁景濤在總結失敗的教訓時歸於兩點，一是敗於供應鏈，二是敗於管理。 有人說，生鮮並不適合創業者。而從去年開始，大玩傢們開始進場。據《中國經營報(博客,微博)》記者瞭解，目前，生鮮領域的參與者可以大致分為以下幾類:有為瞭尋找新利益增長點的大型網購平臺，如京東、亞馬遜、淘寶、1號店;有借助強大倉儲、配送背景，而試圖轉型涉足電商領域的物流公司，如順豐優選;有專註生鮮食品，從小做大的垂直電商，如沱沱工社、優菜網、摘鮮網;還有為瞭留住原有的消費者，將生鮮配送視為最後一根救命稻草的傳統零售商，如永輝、沃爾瑪、麥德龍。各傢有各傢不同的營銷策略和成長模式，生鮮品類緣何受到眾多商傢的青睞,業內分析人士指出，首先是大勢所趨:人的消費方式在變。生鮮分為兩類，一是走有機路線的高端類，二是百姓菜。百姓菜籃子是民生工程，線上取代線下並不現實。但是在高端領域，有已經形成習慣的網購大軍，有足夠的利潤空間，線上取代線下是很有希望的。隨著沃爾瑪、傢樂福、Tesco等眾多實體超 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 市面臨租金數倍上漲的巨大壓力，撤出城市的黃金地段、縮減門店數已經成為大型商超可以預見的未來，而訂單式商業模式可以盡最大可能減少損耗，線上生鮮銷售平臺所帶來的便利和吸引力會逐漸增加，這將是一個不可逆的趨勢。 生鮮品類是人們的生活必需品，有著強大的消費黏性，作為重復購買率和活躍度最高的品類，生鮮為電商帶來的不僅是利潤，更是持續的消費、關註和穩定的人氣，這種消費黏性對於商傢來說是吸引顧客、提高客單價的金鑰匙，是線上與線下超市真正開始勢均力敵的制勝法寶。因此，對於線上電商來說，即使虧損也要進入這個品類。 而從電商競爭角度看，電商的各種品類已呈逐漸飽和的態勢。服裝、3C的增速下降，生鮮領域坐擁巨大的需求市場，且相對於普通的平價超市產品擁有更高的利潤率，而它在線上的銷售模式還處於探索和開發的初級階段，誰能搶先一步便可站在行業的制高點。 競爭“命門”在供應鏈 供應鏈的關鍵之一在於貨源。傳統的生鮮供應鏈上往往有眾多參與者，從菜農、加工商到各級代理商，每一個環節都意味著成本的增加和品質的損耗。在質量和成本的博弈下，各大電商試圖降低這個鏈條的成本。 零售業務的核心是供應鏈管理，生鮮品類對時效的要求很高，周轉快、庫存低，縮短產地和顧客之間的距離，確保生鮮食品的質量和新鮮度是生鮮電商的黃金生存法則。事實上，涉足生鮮的電商企業也都把供應鏈看成是制勝法寶。 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 供應鏈的關鍵之一在於貨源。傳統的生鮮供應鏈上往往有眾多參與者，從菜農、加工商到各級代理商，每一個環節都意味著成本的增加和品質的損耗。在質量和成本的博弈下，各大電商試圖降低這個鏈條的成本。有些電商選擇與生產基地或者上遊供應商直接合作，減少中間商的流通環節，縮短供應鏈，降低產品成本，實現供應商和顧客的雙向對接，實現企業和消費者的雙贏。1號店副總裁郭冬東在接受本報記者采訪時表示，1號店采取的是直達果園、農場的直采方式，也就是在各大水果的重點產區采購，采摘後的產品直接進入1號店倉庫，也會選擇與各國駐滬總領事館農貿處、水果協會合作，引進一些政府推薦進口生鮮食品。 順豐優選的策略與1號店類似，針對生鮮品類專門設立采購部。在產地采購，並借助其物流網絡實現快速配送。同時，順豐優選可以支撐切入冷鏈物流，以豐富其主營業務。與1號店、順豐等資金雄厚又擁有物流基礎的企業相比，一些規模較小的垂直電商也有自己的策略。據摘鮮網負責人楊林介紹，摘鮮網的進貨渠道分為三部分，一是直接進口;二是在國內直接合作參股瞭一些優質的農產品(000061,股吧)基地，主要針對那些較耐存儲的水果，如陜西的獼猴桃和蘋果、江西的贛南臍橙、海南的木瓜等。而一些不耐存儲的水果比如藍莓，就向基地提出采取拼車的購買方式，和別傢供應商共用一套冷鏈，自己消化不瞭的藍莓就在北京新發地直接進行對外批發。除瞭這兩部分外，其他的水果都是在新發地進行采購。摘鮮網的物流中心就設在新發地。比基地合作和直接采購更進一步的選擇，便是全產業鏈式經營。 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 在2008年由九城集團旗下北京九城天時生態農業有限公司打造的沱沱工社，就是全產業鏈結構，其已經投資瞭7000餘萬元自建農場。沱沱工社創始人董敏表示，“我之所以下決心在北京平谷買下1000畝農田作為沱沱有機農場來種植果蔬，就是要從源頭保證有機食品的質量。”沱沱工社定位於本地化生鮮平臺，利用城市周邊的土地進行種植，把綠色農產品掛到網上進行銷售，收到訂單後進行同城物流配送。不過，由於客戶群主要還是定位於城市中的中高端消費群體，其發展規模仍然有很大的限制性，前期投入成本也很高。 做出獨特價值才有未來 如果沒有大平臺的優勢，創業型公司就必須挖掘出自己獨特的價值，才能實現持續發展。 對於用戶來說，快速和品質是其網購生鮮的共同需求。但對於電商企業說，差異化定位，做出獨特的價值才是生存之道。大電商都有可供利用的資源，比如1號店借力沃爾瑪，具備進口商品的直接采購資質;順豐優選全球性自營冷鏈物流配送體系的相對完善，從而在各大基地產品的直采基礎上保證新鮮度。 如果沒有大平臺的優勢，創業型公司就必須挖掘出自己獨特的價值，才能實現持續發展。由於配送成本比較高，傳統電商企業一般是努力將客單價做高，鼓勵客戶一次性買很多東西，比如沱沱工社和順豐優選都努力地將客單價價維持在300元以上。 而摘鮮網的做法則與之不同。楊林表示，摘鮮網先由線上做起，經過數年時間後，根據線上數據，甄選出配送密集度比較高的北京金 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 融街(000402,股吧)、國貿CBD等區域重點發展，並在附近的小區開設實體店，並針對企事業客戶推出小份會議水果和下午茶水果套餐。“摘鮮網不是以傳統電商的做法來做生鮮，並不追求高客單價。他們降低瞭配送金額，努力讓客單價實現在30~50元之間，並在金融街實現1~3小時送達，解決客戶即時性的需求。”在楊林看來，其市場策略是設立很低的門檻，用快速配送，保證新鮮。楊林認為，每個人1~2天內食用的水果量就在這個區間內，因此會鼓勵客戶隻買當天的水果。這種有別於傳統電商的做法，使得摘鮮網穩紮穩打、從點到面地從金融街開始，逐漸覆蓋北京的幾個高等商圈，以及北京五環以內優質社區。 但是楊林也坦言，生鮮完全在線上銷售不太現實，生鮮這種東西是需要體驗的。以獼猴桃為例，在線下店，打開一箱給用戶品嘗，一天現場銷售的量超過網站上十天，而在網上無論把頁面做得再漂亮，把照片拍得再好都敵不過嘗一口更有說服力。 將門店作為線上物流配送中心的模式在國外已很常見，這也是傳統零售相較於純電商的天然優勢，這種模式節省瞭自建物流中心的成本，麥德龍、TESCO和沃爾瑪在國外均是依托現有的門店進行配送，對於國內傳統零售商而言，生鮮可能是其對抗電商的最後一根稻草。不過，對於純電商來說，采用線上線下結合的O2O模式也是一種建立新的價值點的探索。 另外，標準化控制成為生鮮電商要考量的重要問題。以新發地的批發楊梅為例，每天早上新到產品，價格是一箱70元，中午時可 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 能變為一箱50元，到下午剩下幾十箱的時候價格可能就降到30元甚至更低。因此，生鮮電商應盡可能將自己的產品品質穩定在某一區間內以保障用戶體驗。 冷鏈物流成“生鮮電商”之痛 用戶體驗是電商企業維系老用戶的關鍵，生鮮電商更是如此。優菜網失去老用戶的最根本原因即用戶體驗下降:配送到用戶傢裡的菜不新鮮瞭。生鮮產品的的易損性將一個非常關鍵的問題擺在生鮮電商面前:上不上冷鏈物流, 目前，我國農產品通過冷鏈流通的比例偏低。歐美等發達國傢肉禽冷鏈流通率已經達到100%，蔬果冷鏈流通率也在95%以上，而我國大部分生鮮農產品仍在常溫下流通，冷鏈物流基礎設施能力嚴重不足，冷藏保溫車占貨運汽車的比例極低，且農產品冷鏈物流技術滯後。 生鮮需要嚴格的全程冷鏈控制，即冷藏冷凍類食品在生產、運輸、銷售過程的各個環節中始終需要處於低溫環境。而生鮮行業電子商務最大的障礙正在於配送，因為食品的新鮮程度直接取決於配送的時間，如果配送不及時就會導致食品失去新鮮度，然而冷鏈物流比普通物流的成本要高出數倍，這是生鮮品類對各大電商提出的最高門檻，也是生鮮電商贏得市場份額、提高自身競爭力的關鍵因素。然而，冷鏈物流與常溫物流完全是不同的流程和體系，投入成本非常高。 在這樣的現實問題下，沱沱工社才決定在北京順義投資2700萬元建立6000平方米的集冷藏、冷凍庫和加工車間於一體的倉儲配送 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 物流中心，分為標準庫和生鮮庫，其中生鮮占40%，此外還購買瞭若幹臺冷藏冷凍車，通過采用全冷鏈物流到傢的配送運作模式，最終實現新鮮日配的目標，但包括固定資產、人力等成本在內，每配送一個訂單的成本可能就高達50元。順豐根據北京六環以內平均每天的訂單數和配送成本，計算得出現在同行平均每一個訂單的物流配送成本大概在47元多，整個業內至少都在40元以上，這還不包括整個倉儲、IT、客服系統等成本，所以100元左右的訂單對電商而言都是虧損的。這就使得大多數生鮮電商隻有不斷提高客單價才能取得收支平衡。對於公司的產品質量可控性、規模化發展、穩定提供服務等方面來說，自營冷鏈當然是最佳選擇，但這也同時意味著巨大的前期資金投入，物流車、冷庫、人力資源等等所形成的成本過高問題可能使得生鮮電商過早夭折。對於像京東、1號店這樣的大平臺而言，盈利是其面臨的重要課題，所以投入龐大的資金自建冷鏈物流顯然是不可能的。據瞭解，亞馬遜、京東和1號店就是由進駐的生鮮廠商自行配送，通過選擇開放給第三方企業的運營方式，避免前期的巨大成本投入。像摘鮮網這樣的中小電商，會通過借助各方的冷鏈來降低成本。例如其獼猴桃運輸借助的是蒙牛的冷鏈，也就是在蒙牛往某地配送牛奶後，搭上其回程的“順風車”。 不過，從長遠來看，一旦有瞭規模，搭“順風車”也不是長遠之計。對電商而言，從農產品的采購到配送，鏈條已經足夠長。最好的方式應是把物流外包給專業的第三方物流企業。其他市場化的第三方冷鏈公司如果能提供相對專業的供貨、倉儲和物流操作，它們的前 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 期操作困難就會小很多，成為一個純粹的電商平臺， 然而，目前市場上能提供合適服務的第三方冷鏈物流公司並不多，而服務價格、配送范圍、冷鏈操作能夠符合要求的可選擇的范圍更是狹窄。據瞭解，目前已有的獨立冷鏈物流網絡多為產、供、銷一體化模式，或是在特定區域內自給自足，而全國性的冷鏈物流體系尚未成型，比如易果網就曾經多次尋找第三方配送商而 不過，從長遠來看，一旦有瞭規模，搭“順風車”也不是長遠之計。對電商而言，從農產品的采購到配送，鏈條已經足夠長。最好的方式應是把物流外包給專業的第三方物流企業。其他市場化的第三方冷鏈公司如果能提供相對專業的供貨、倉儲和物流操作，它們的前期操作困難就會小很多，成為一個純粹的電商平臺， 然而，目前市場上能提供合適服務的第三方冷鏈物流公司並不多，而服務價格、配送范圍、冷鏈操作能夠符合要求的可選擇的范圍更是狹窄。據瞭解，目前已有的獨立冷鏈物流網絡多為產、供、銷一體化模式，或是在特定區域內自給自足，而全國性的冷鏈物流體系尚未成型，比如易果網就曾經多次尋找第三方配送商而未果。對此，中糧我買網的物流總監任盈軍也曾表示，“要麼就是價格太高，要麼就是傳統的冷鏈，需要跟他們進行大量磨合，還要花成本對他們進行改造，需要時間。” 冷鏈物流體系的完善、專業第三方冷鏈配送的建立是真正推進這個市場發展的關鍵。但事實上，第三方冷鏈物流公司之所以在國內經營發展不善，其生存壓力也不容小視，在日本一直堅持做冷鏈宅配的雅瑪多進入中國後，一直處於虧損狀態，因為宅配背後的真正推手 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 是電商，但電商對價格非常敏感，留給第三方的盈利空間很少。由於分揀基地、車輛、冷藏設備、人員等的成本過高，大多數冷鏈物流企業目前普遍運營B2B業務，主要在供貨商與銷售網點之間進行物流配送，宅配業務極少。 業內普遍認為，冷鏈宅配市場具有很大的潛力，然而誰為高成本的冷鏈宅配買單、如何找到更好的模式來保證生鮮的“最後一公裡”，都是亟待解決的問題。在國內，生鮮蔬菜和肉類的流通過程普遍需要經歷48小時以上，才能到達市場或商超的貨架上，而大於48小時則讓我們與新鮮失之交臂。在未來，隨著人們對生活水平和質量要求的提高，建立一套完整的宅配體系，使流通時間大大縮短的生鮮宅配服務將是大勢所趨。 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 卡丁车俱乐部 编辑 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.