[精品]疑问词 不定式结构

[精品]疑问词 不定式结构 “疑问词+不定式动词”结构 ? 陈清霖 英语有个很有用的结构，就是:疑问词+不定式动词(question word + to-infinitive)。 疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why ”。此外，连接词“whether”也适用。 “疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢,其主要功用有下列五种: ?当主语，如: ? When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. ? Where to live is a problem. ? How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic. ?当宾语，如: ? We must know what to say at a meeting. ? He could not tell whom to trust. ? Do you know how to play bridge? ?当补足语，如: ? The problem is where to find the financial aid. ? The question is who to elect. ?当名词同位语，如: ? Tom had no idea which book to read first. ? Do you have a rough impression how to do it? ?当宾语补足语，如: ? Jim is not sure whose to choose. ? Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not. 适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括:“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。 有点值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如: ? I could not decide which dictonary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy. ? Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher. 有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如: ? The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine. ? Have you told him where to get the application form? 综上所述，可见“疑问词+不定式动词”结构是个形象清新，既容易用又不 容易出错的特别结构，可以多多运用。 “疑问词+不定式”结构小结 2010-04-06 21:25 “疑问词+不定式”结构小结 疑问词+不定式”是英语中很有用的结构。疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how”。 一、几种用法: ?作主语。如: ? When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. ?作宾语。如: ? We must know what to say at a meeting. ?作表语。如: ? The problem is where to find the financial aid. ?作同位语。如: ? Tom had no idea which book to read first. ?用于双重宾语。如: ? I can tell you where to get this book. 二、注意事项: 1、并非所有动词都适用于“疑问词+不定式”结构，主要有:“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, learn, remember, wonder, understand”等。 2、当这个结构作宾语时，它的作用相当于名词性从句。如: ? I could not decide which dictionary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy. ? Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher. 3、有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以 先有个宾语，然后再接适当的“疑问词+不定式” 结构。如: ? Have you told him where to get the application form? 4、这种结构中，疑问代词须接及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语(who, which除外) 【误】 I don't know what to talk. 【正】 I don't know what to talk about. 但可以说:We haven't decided who (which) to go. 我们还没定谁(哪个)去。 5这种结构中的疑问副词后要接不及物动词;若接及物动词, 要有动词的宾语。 I don't know how to talk. 我不知如何谈。 I wonder if you could tell me how to do it. 不知您能否告诉我如何去做这件事。(不能说: ... how to do.) 三、考点例析: 1. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know ________. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 考点:"疑问词，不定式"的语序;疑问词的选用。 2. I've worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 考点:疑问词后接动词的用法。 家好，“疑问词 + 动词不定式”构成的不定式短语是本话题的语法“主角”。想了解它的更多知识，请关注以下三个看点: 第一看点: “疑问词 + 动词不定式”的个性 此结构中疑问词包括疑问代词who, what, which以及疑问副词when, where, how等(不与why连用)。这些“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构经常放在forget, find out, discuss, decide, tell, teach, know, learn, wonder, remember等动词之后作宾语。如: I don't know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。 He told me how to answer all the questions in English. 他告诉我怎样用英语回答所有的问题。 第二看点:“疑问词 + 动词不定式”的功用 “疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构在句子中可以用作宾语、主语和表语等。如: How to do it is a question. 如何做是个问题。(用作主语) He knows what to do and what not to do. 他知道该做什么，不该做什么。(用作动词宾语) The question is how to put it. 问题是应该把它如何放才好。(用作表语) 第三看点:“疑问词 + 动词不定式”的转换 “疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写后的句子 需要在疑问词后加上相对应的主语，并要注意主谓语单复数的一致性。如: The question is where to put it. ?The question is where we should put it. 问题是应该把它 放在哪里才好。 一些动词如tell, know, ask, show, teach, find (out), forget等都可接“疑问代(副)词(why除外) + 不定式”作宾语，充当简单句，其意义相当于一个宾语从句。这种句式可转化为含宾语从句的复 合句。当然在句型转换中，并非所有的宾语从句都能转换为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。 看一下下面的情况: 主句的谓语动词是decide, hope, wish, know, forget等时，句子中的“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结 构可转化为宾语从句。此时从句的主语和主句的主语相同。如: We can't decide when to start. ?We can't decide when we should start. We don't know what to do next. ?We don't know what we should do next. 注: 主句的谓语动词是tell, ask, teach, show等，并且从句主语一致时，宾语从句可转化为“疑 问词 + 不定式”结构。如: Please tell us where we show our tickets.?Please tell us where to show our tickets