青藏高原东北缘土-草-畜系统矿物质元素动态研究

青藏高原东北缘土-草-畜系统矿物质元素动态研究 把问问于用作问是假～完全依问上的问问而事是问生的怪癖。学装虚学断 青研藏高原问北问土草畜系问问物问元素问问究The Mineral Dynamics of Soil-Plant-Animal System from Northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 【作者】 辛省～ 国 【问问】 问瑞问～ ～ Guangdi Li 【作者基本信息】 问州大～ 草问科～ 学学～ 博士 2010 【摘要】 本文以藏高原问北问土壤青牧草家畜问物系问问究问象研问问具有藏高原典型代表性的青--, 四问问问域个区天祝;甘问省,、大通;海省,、问曲;甘问省,和若问盖;四川省,。分问在夏季青, ;月,和冬季;份月,采集其土壤、牧草、问物问问问品份问其中的问常量元素712,6;、、、、和,和问微量元素;、、、、、和,的含量和问问问化问行CaKMgNaSP7FeMnZnCuCoMoSe了分析究研并响分问探问了影土草畜系问问物元素问问问化的因素以及各元素在土草畜系问的内,--, 相互问系。问问地土壤、牧草和家畜问物问问水平问行科问价。问牧草生问中合理施用化肥料区学学在问,料生问中科用问物元素添加问提供科依据。土壤问物元素分析,共问采集了自问地不学运与学来区 同土壤问型;高山草甸土、问高山草甸土、沼问土,的个表问土壤问品分析土壤中问问物元256,11素的有效含量;、、、、、、、、、和,和问问物元素;和,全CaPSKMgNaFex MnZnCuCo2MoSe部含量。问果问问土壤中多问物元素含量着地和土壤问型的不同而表问出明问的差性数随区异土壤,,中多问物元素含量土壤有机和全呈问著的正相问问系数与碳氮而土壤与呈问一定的问相问性。,pH土壤中除了问物元素有效和问外磷其元素的有效含量均高于问物可能出问缺乏的问界水平～它, 另硒硒磷硒会区外土壤中问的含量问重低于问物缺乏的问界问。土壤中、问、的缺乏可能引起问地放牧家畜问问问物元素缺乏并响影家畜正常的生理功能和生问性能。草地牧草问物元素分析,牧草, 问物元素的含量具有明问的季问问化夏季牧草中多问物元素含量相问问高。夏季数所有地和草地区,,问型牧草中元素问和的含量均低于家畜缺乏的问界水平硒个区问地问出问元素问和问的缺乏。然而,,夏季牧草问量的问可能影家畜问元素问的吸收会响加问家畜元素问的缺乏～牧草中问的含量问高同, 问可能影家畜问元素问的吸收。冬季会响所有地和草地问型牧草中元素问和的含量均低于家区硒, 畜问物元素缺乏的问界问牧草中元素、硫、问、问、和问存在泛的缺乏问象磷广个区问地问出问元素问的,,缺乏～问果表明问问问地牧草问物问元素存在泛的缺乏和季问性缺乏问象。因此区广在放牧生问中问,,充问物元素添加问或问问于问足家畜问物元素的需求舔提高家畜生问力和健康水平有重要意问。问牛, 问问问物元素分析,问牛血液中所有问物元素均受季问因素的问著影;响,,肝问中元素问、问P0.05,和的含量同问受季问因素的问著影;硒响,,问牛问问中多问物元素在夏季含量相问问高。夏数P0.05, 季所有地问牛血液中元素问和的含量均低于家畜缺乏的问界问区硒天祝地问牛肝问元素问含量区,, 也问于缺乏的问界水平。冬季所有地问牛血液中元素的含量同问低于缺乏问界问～除天祝地区硒, 区外问牛血液中、问、问的含量均低于家畜缺乏的问界问磷问牛肝问问以及部分地肝问的含量也区硒,, 低于家畜缺乏问界水平。问果表明放牧问牛存在泛的元素问和缺乏广硒同问问表问出元素和问的磷,, 季问性缺乏。因此在问牛放牧生问中有必要问用问物元素添加问提高问牛问物问问、健康和生问力水来, 平。土草畜问物元素相问性分析,季问因素可引起问物元素在土草畜系问中相问性的问化。在夏---- 季除元素外磷问牛血液中所分析的问物元素牧草中的问物元素具有问著的相问性;与,,,P ,。除牧草问;,,和;硒,,外土壤和牧草中的问物元素有问著的相问性没0.05P0.01P0.05, ;,,。同问在土壤和问牛血液之问问有元素问表呈问出问著的相问性;,,。相反在冬P0.05,P0.05,季除元素;硒,,外问物元素在牧草和问牛之问有问著的相问性;没,,。土壤和牧,P0.05,P0.05草之问问元素有问著相问性;磷,,。然而问物元素问、问、问、在土壤和问牛之问有问著的相问性硒P0.05, ;,,元素问;,、问;,、问;,、问;,也呈问出一定的P0.05,P=0.067P=0.053P=0.073P=0.067相问性。因此在问价自由放牧问牛问物问问水平问可以通问草地牧草分析问价牧草和家畜的夏季问来,, 物问问水平～而在冬季土壤问物元素分析却能更好的用问价问牛的问物问问。 更多问原来状况, 【】 ;, ;AbstractContents of macro Ca, K, Mg, Na and Pand micro minerals Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, 当你学你问不能问自己问今天到了什问问西问～就不要去睡问。 把问问于用作问是假～完全依问上的问问而事是问生的怪癖。学装虚学断 , ;, Co, Sewere analyzed in soils, forage and yak tissues in summer Julyand winter ;, ;,;,Decemberat Tianzhu County, Gansu TC, Datong County, Qinhai DC, Maqu ;, ;, County, Gansu MCand Ruoergai, County, Sichuan RCin northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The primary objective was to study the mineral dynamics and relationships in soil-plant-animal system, which would provide guidelines for fertilizer application in grassland management, and supply recommendations for mineral addition in animal feed and feeding systems.The concentrations of mineral elements in soils varied with region and soil types. Soil characteristics have significant effects on the status of minerals, especially for soil organic carbon ;,;,SOC, soil pH and soil total nitrogen TN. The concentrations of all mineral elements analyzed were above the critical levels for animal nutritional requirements except for Mg, P, and Se. The deficiencies of these minerals in soils would have potential adverse effects, resulting in the deficiency and/or imbalance of mineral elements in plants and animals.Results from plant analysis showed that concentrations of mineral elements varied with seasons. Most minerals in forage were below their critical level in winter in one or more counties, particularly for Na and Se for all regions. The excess K in forage may aggravate the deficiency in Na in summer. Similarly, the Cu deficiency may be induced by high Fe in forage. However, only Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn were sufficient in the forage to meet the yak requirements in both winter and summer.Yak had high concentrations of most mineral elements in blood serum and liver in summer. However, Se in yak blood serum and liver was below the critical level in all regions in both summer and spring. Sodium in blood serum was also below the critical level in all regions except for yak in TC in winter. There was evidence for widespread deficiency in P for most regions in winter. In addition, the Cu deficiency occurred in all regions during winter and marginal deficiency in summer. Minerals in blood serum were correlated to minerals in forage except for P in summer. In contrast, there were no significant correlation for minerals between soil and forage except for K ;, ;,P<0.01and Se P<0.05. No relationship were found in minerals between soil and yak ;,except for K P<0.05. Deficiency of minerals from soils could explain the variation in forage and yak blood and tissues. However, there were no significant correlations between forage and yak blood in winter except for Se. Minerals in soils were highly correlated to those in yak blood for most minerals. It was suggested that soil analysis was not reliable to assess the status of mineral elements in forage and yak for most minerals in summer. However there was close relationship existed between forage and yak blood, indicating that the forage analysis was reliable to predict the mineral status in yak free-grazing on native pasture in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in summer. In contrast, minerals analysis in soil could be used to predict the mineral status in yak in winter rather than mineral analysis in forage. The seasonal dynamics could have great effects on the correlation of minerals in the soil-plant-animal system.Results showed that the deficiency in minerals was very common in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, especially in forage and animals. Therefore, supplementation of minerals would be necessary for yaks to increase essential mineral level in blood, hence improving productivity of yaks. However, further research is needed to 更多问原 ascertain whether mineral deprivations are limiting productivity of grazing yaks. 【问问问】 土草畜～ 常量元素～ 微量元素～ 问牛～ 缺乏～ 相问性～ 藏高原～ 青-- 【】 ～ ～ ～ ～ ～ Key wordsSoil-Plant-AnimalMacro mineralsMicro mineralsYakDeficiencies ～ ～ CorrelationThe Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 当你学你问不能问自己问今天到了什问问西问～就不要去睡问。