上海市_2014年_高考英语真题(附答案听力mp3)_历年历届文库

上海市_2014年_高考英语真 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 (附答案听力mp3)_历年历届文库 2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海 英语试卷 考生注意: 1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第?卷(笫1-12页)和第?卷(第13页)， 全卷共13页。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上 一律不得分。 3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上， 在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 第I卷 (共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress. 2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried. 3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency. C. In a bank. D. In a driving school. 4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station. 5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane. C. Get some stationery. D. Clean the backyard. 6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes. C. Protect herself from being hurt. D. Bargain with the shop assistant. 7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course. C. Help him revise his report. D. Gel her computer repaired. 8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic. 9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year. B. She has already told the man about her plan. C. She isn’t planning to leave her university. D. She recently visited a different university. 10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech. C. It made the mayor’s view clearer. D. It earned the mayor’s speech accurately. Section B 1 Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 75 12. A. The houses there can't be B. It is a place for work and holiday. C. he cabins and facilities D. It is run by the residents themselves. 13. A. A skiing B. A special community C. A splendid mountain D. A successful businesswoman Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news. 14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease. C. Those who did no physical exercise. D. whose who were unmarried 15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages. C. They typed 10 percent faster on average. D. They edited more passages. 16. A. Why chemical therapy works. B. Why marriage helps fight cant C. How unmarried people survive D. How cancer is detected after marriage. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Travelers’ Survey Sheet Travel purpose: for a(n) 17 in London Comments on the airport environment / facilities: Likes: • 18 • 19 walkways Dislikes: • 20 shops • small trolleys 2 Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Assessing the writer’s ideas and thinking about What is critical thinking in reading? the 21 of what the writer is saying. What is the first step in reading an academic Finding out the argument and the writer's main text critically? line of 22 . What may serve as the evidence? 23 , survey results, examples, etc. What is the key to critical thinking? To read actively and 24 . II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) My Stay in New York After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. (B) The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week. Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the 3 project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities. He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37)______ (appropriate) In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______these villages without a local shop. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. impose G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect. Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives. The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose. 4 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__. Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues. Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates(灵长类动 物)like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact. 51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language 52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally 53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural 54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters 55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult 56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens 57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result 58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour 59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance 60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses 5 61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection 62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease 63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained 64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful 65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator(猎食动 物)gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food. As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either. 66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______. A. getting closer to its young B. driving away the adult predator C. leaving its young in another nest D. pretending to be injured 67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______. A. chimps are ready to attack others B. chimps are sometimes dishonest C. chimps are jealous of the winners D. chimps can be selfish too 68. Which of the following is true according to the passage? 6 A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others. B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand. C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests. D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back. 69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Do animals lie? B. Does Mother Nature fool animals? C. How do animals learn to lie? D. How does honesty help animals survive? (B) Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use. Here's how it works: A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own. Here's how to apply it: Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right? 70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE 7 HABIT LOOP? A. Pick a new cue. B. Form a new habit. C. Choose a new reward. D. Design a new resolution. 71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______. A. changing the routine B. trying it for a week C. adjusting your goal D. writing it down 72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use? A. To test out different kinds of cues. B. To do something as a habit even without rewards. C. To work out the best New Year's resolution. D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards. 73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution? A. The Harry Potter poster. B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel. C. An English newspaper. D. Watching TV for half an hour. (C) If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality(虚拟现实)device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best." The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body. Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person. The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, 8 really recommend it to everyone." 74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______. A. building B. exchanging C. controlling D. transplanting 75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______. A. our feelings are related to our bodily experience B. we can learn to take control of other people's bodies C. participants will live more passionately after the experiment D. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes 76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______. A. they fought strongly against racism B. they scored lower on the test for racism C. they changed their behaviour dramatically D. they were more biased against those unlike them 77. It can be concluded from the passage that______. A. technology helps people realize their dreams B. our biases could be eliminated through experiments C. virtual reality helps promote understanding among people D. our points of view about others need changing constantly Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works. Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct(行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency(透明)in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks. All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular. Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. 9 Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy? Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue(美 德):it is just good business. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities. 79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage. 80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________. 81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits. 第II卷(共47分) I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed) 2. 将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to) 3. 没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) 4. 家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) 5. 虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn) II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目(健康、娱乐、文化)中去除一个，并 从三个备选栏目(时尚、职业规划、读者反馈)中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程 飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容: 1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由; 2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。 10 参考答案解析 第I卷 第一大题第1至第10小题，每题1分;第11至第16小题，每题2分:第17至第24小题，每题1分。共30分。 1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B 17. conference 18. daylight 19. moving 20. overcrowded 21. implications and conclusions 22. reasoning 23. Figures 24. keep questioning 第二大题每小题1分。共26分。 II. Grammar and vocabulary 25. where 26. To earn 27. as soon as / as long as 28. exhausted 29. if 30. what 31. adapting 32. did 【解析】 25.本句考査非限制性定语从句，从句中结构完整，且先行词为New York，所以引导词用where. 26.本句考査非谓语动词的用法，由空后的I started work in a local café as a waiter可知，作者是为了赚钱。 27.本句考査条件状语从句，由空前的I believe that及空后的at once.可知，前后为因果关系，此句为肯定的语气，所以填as soon as / as long as。 28(此句考査动词变为形容词。空后为名词，所以用形容词修饰名词。 29.本句考査条件状语从句。句意:如果我想要有好的就业前景，我必须在城市中工作。 30.此句考査主语从句。主语从句中缺少宾语，故填what. 31.此句考査固定搭配。have difficult (in )doing sth.做某事有困难，为固定搭配。 32.此句考査倒装句。含有否定意义的副词、连词或者否定含义的短语放在句首时，用倒装。 (B) 【答案】 33. an 34. is equipped 35. which 36. myself 37. more appropriate 38. has forced 39. urging 40. to 【解析】 33.此句考査冠词的用法。单数可数名词前用a/an修饰，an用在元音(发音开头的词)之前。 34.此句考査被动语态及过去分词的形式。主语为物，故用过去式。 35.此句考査非限制性定语从句。从句中缺主语，引导词用which. 36.此句考査固定搭配。by oneself为某人自己所做。 37.此句考査比较级。与前文联系，且空前由far,故填more appropriate。 38.此句考査时代。由前文的in recent years,所以用现在完成时。 39.此句考査非谓语动词。此句结构完整，故用非谓语动词表示因果关系。 40.此句考査固定搭配。offer sth to sb/offer sb sth 提供某人某物。 Section B 【答案】 11 41. G 42. C 43.I 44. F 45. E 46. B 47. K 48. J 49. A 50. H 【解析】 41.在超市选购食品时，我们会关注食品的什么,当然是食品的生产日期、保质期等各方面健康安全资料，而这些内容都会在食品标签上说明。因此答案为G。 42. Commit oneself to sth , 决定某事。本句的意思是说，“自从你决定采取一种更健康的生活方式，许多益处就变得触手可得。”因此答案为C。 43.根据下文对choice architect的解释，其作用是帮助 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 对食品的合理选购和放置，正好对应上文繁琐的健康饮食要求，因此是choice architect的作用是帮助减轻在这方面的压力。因此答案为I。 44.“政府不会通过法律来推行这样的健康饮食方式，比如说戒烟禁令。”因此答案为F。 45.“这样的方法结合顾客从采购顾问那儿学到了一些温和方式依旧可以自由选择。”同时根据上一句” there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices”也可以判定答案为gentle。 46.根据下文“这意味着可以区别各种食物的脂肪、糖类和盐等各种物质含量“可知这是通过食物的各种含量不同对其进行分类。因此答案为E。 47.根据上文可知，区别食物的方法就像交通信号灯一样，用三色分辨，方法很简单。“通过观察包装上的灯色可以简单地区分食物里的各种物质含量。”因此答案选择K。 48. “A green light…that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be…; and red means…。”分别解释三色灯信号的意义。答案为J。 49.通过对交通信号灯的了解我们可以确定黄灯是存在危机的暗示。因此答案为A。 50.“红灯意味着摄入食量过多，营养过剩，因此需要注意适度饮食。”因此答案为H。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A 【答案】 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C 61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C 【解析】 51.解析:联系前文，人们三分之二的谈话内容并不是文化或政治，也不是看过的电影，but表示转折，联系下文中的we gossip可知此处应填gossip。 52.解析:联系前文三分之二的谈话内容，以及后文的gossip，本句问的是人们习惯性地怎么来使用它。habitually表示习惯地，惯常地。 53.解析:联系后文，问的是怎样处理有关孩子、爱人以及同事等社会关系。因此选social。 54.解析:我们如此热衷于闲聊，难道我们是天生的浪费者吗,浪费时间和语言,waster浪费者。 55.解析:联系前文，Robin Dunbar不认同之前的观点，他认为闲聊是重要的vital。 56.解析:联系后文，Dunbar不认同前人的观点，所以他驳斥了传统的观点，reject驳斥，驳回。 57.解析:根据上下文，Dunbar认为不是人们能够谈论就会让人们花三分之二的时间闲聊，相反地on the contrary，而是语言演变让闲聊变得更为简单。 58.解析:Dunbar通过研究猴子等灵长类动物的行为behavior来得出他的结论。 59.解析:联系前后文可知猴子建立小群体的目的是在内部纷争或外部攻击时得到同伴的支持。contact也与前文中的conflict对应。 60.解析:联系前文，既然我们是从猴子进化而来，Dunbar就作结论:我们人类在某一时间表现的跟猴子很类似。conclude作出结论。 61.解析:联系前文，可知族群越大，它提供的保护protection也就越大。 62.解析:联系前文，族群越大，互相之间的关系和压力也就越大。因此互相树立皮毛可以缓解压力，让每个人不冲动。ease缓解。 63.解析:联系前文随着族群扩大，梳理活动的时间也得加长来保持它的作用。extend扩大，延长。 64.解析:当一般的梳理已经没用时，更需要有效的方法。efficient生效的。 65.解析:联系前文语言是有声交流，他使交流空间比之前仅仅是一对一的单个物理接触的梳理皮毛时来得更大。故选physical。 12 Section B 【答案】66.D 67.B 68.A 69.A 【解析】 66.解析:细节理解题。由“plover”可以定位到文章第三段，千鸟装做翅膀受伤来吸引猎食动物离开自己的巢，因此保护了幼鸟的安全。故选项D正确。 67.解析:推理判断题。由文章五，六两段可知，“chimps”这种鸟会用狡猾的手段对付自己的敌人，而且在看到事物时，通常都会自己独吞，而不是与鸟群分享。这里的“sneaky”意为卑鄙的，与“dishonest”同义，故答案B正确。有人可能错选为D选项。从文章第六段可以得出“chimps是十分自私的”这样一种结论，但这种鸟打架时的手段并不能用”selfish”来概括。所以D选项是片面的。 68.解析:推理判断题。A选项意为“有些chimps放低它们互换同伴的声音以便能独吞食物”，这是对第六段内容的正确描述;B选项中的“won the fight”并不准确。第五段只说chimps打架时，输的一方会用握手这种方式去偷袭赢的一方，而并不一定就获得胜利;C选项意为Cuckoos通过不筑鸟巢来欺骗领养他们孩子的父母。文章原意为，Cuckoos不筑鸟巢，而把自己的蛋下在别的鸟的鸟巢里，让自己的孩子被别的鸟养大。所以C选项也不正确;D选项中“back”错误。Scrub joys偷别的鸟的食物并把食物埋了起来而不是带回自己的鸟巢。 69.解析:主旨大意题。文中通过列举几种鸟的生活方式说明了动物之间也是存在着相互欺骗的。本文第一段最后一句“Dishonest often helps them survive”即为本文的中心思想。所以选项A正确。 【答案】70.C 71.D 72.B 73.A 【解析】 70.解析:推理判断题。根据 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 图的第二个步骤中的“No”和指回“what motivates you”的那条线可以看出，如果你不喜欢这种奖励，你可以重新选一个。所以C选项正确。 71.解析:细节理解题。根据“stick to your plan most effectively”可以定位到流程图最后一个步骤，“the best way to implement a NEW Year’s resolution is to write it down”故选项D正确。 72.解析:主旨大意题。由流程图方框中的“creating a powerful new habit ”以及正文“How to make that happen”可知，本文意为告诉人们培养一个好习惯的方法。故选项B正确。 73.解析:推理判断题。由流程图步骤?可知，“pick the cue”是为了“remind you to go to the gym”,所以“cue”应该是让你按照自己的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 实行的一个提示，题目中“Harry Potter Poster ”很显然充当了这一成分，所以选项A正确。 (C) 【答案】74.B 75.A 76.D 77.C 【解析】 74.解析:词义推测题。根据文章第一段“A few people have…to an unusual virtual reality device”可知，有些人体验到了进入别人身体的感觉，所以这里的”swapping”即为交换“exchange“，B选项正确。 75.解析:推理判断题。根据文章第一段”As I looked down…parts”和第二段”what you see is the exact view of your partners”可知，肢体的动作会传送到参与者的感觉，选项A正确。根据文章第三段第一句”To get used to…having control of it”可知，B选项错误。C,D选项文章未提及。 76(解析:细节理解题。根据”Implicit Association Text”可定位到文章第四段“you are less likely to think ill of you”所以参与这项实验的人一定具有种族歧视。D选项”be biased against”是歧视的另一种说法。 77.解析:推理判断题。A选项意为这项技术帮助人们实现梦想。文章只提及这种技术可以让人体会交换身体的感觉并未提及实现梦想;B选项意为通过实验我们对别的种族的歧视可以完全被排除，文章第四段用了“less likely”，所以B选项过于绝对;C选项为第四段的另 13 一种表述。”less likely”不是完全排除而是意为能促进种族之间更好的交流理解;D选项与文 章主旨无关。 78.根据”In some companies”可定位到第一段最后一句”shareholders”和”employees”都认为钱 应放到更有用的地方。 79.根据”defensive measures of risk management ”可定位到文章第三段第一句”companies often…manage the risks”。第一句以下部分均为解决这种风险的措施。 80.根据”the third layer of CSR”可定位到文章第四段”The emphasis…create value”. 81.根据文章第六段内容，公司对于社会的责任被看错一种主流问题。所以一些公司在盈利 的同时也在承担着社会责任。 第II卷 I(翻译共22分。 1. I'm accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep. 2. It's up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future. 3. There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program. 4. Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 5. While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choices, it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers. II(写作共25分。 略 14