水生昆虫对淡水长臂大虾养殖之影响

水生昆虫对淡水长臂大虾养殖之影响 水生昆虫对淡水长臂大虾养殖之影响 The Effect of Aquatic Insects on the Freshwater Giant Shrimp Farming Macrobrachium rosenbergii 研究生:叶坤宾 Yeh Kun-Pin 指导 教授:张文重 Chang Wen-Chong 【摘要】 淡水长臂大虾是原产於泰国、马来西亚、 印尼等热带地区之淡水虾类，国人则以泰国虾称之。由於此种虾的饲养简单且疾病 稚伲壳把痴叽笥腥嗽冢绕湓谄炼乩锔巯纭?纹蚁纭?湃缦绲鹊兀晌教? 旱闹饕卣颉,罱改晏?悍琶绾蟮幕畲媛氏嗟钡停实暮没怠?好绲 挠帕印?髦旨膊》乐蔚取,髦忠蛩囟伎赡芨好缁畲媛实亩喙延兄嗟背潭鹊挠跋 臁,吵刂杏行矶嗨コ妫闲?偷睦コ婵晒?好绲牧己枚希欢洗笮 偷乃コ嬖蚴前严好绲弊鞫希斐上好绲乃鹗А?; 本研究以现场观察并辅以 水族箱之试验来进行相关研究 现场调查场地之范围遍及屏东县之室外泰国虾苗及 成虾养殖池，以及高雄县美浓郷共 8 处场地;水族箱试验则利用六组水族箱做比较， 其中二组为对照组仅泰国虾幼苗，无水生昆虫，其余四组二组为幼虾组泰国虾幼苗 加上水生昆虫，另二组为混合组泰国虾幼苗加上水生昆虫，再加上泰国虾成虾。 由 研究结果得知:泰国虾养殖场中最常看见的水生昆虫包括石蝇水生苍蝇、孑孓、水 黾、负子虫舟蝇、田鼈水龟、蜻蜓幼虫、龙虱虫及红筋虫等，共八种，而泰国虾苗 之活存率在各组中分别为对照组混合组幼虾组。另就食性方面发现，石蝇水生苍蝇、 孑孓、水黾为腐食性，则蜻蜓幼虫、龙虱虫、田鼈为肉食性，而负子虫舟蝇、红筋 虫为杂食性。 整体而言，泰国虾池中常见之水生昆虫确实明显地影响泰国虾虾苗的 活存率，它会使虾苗之活存率减少 40 ;但对於成虾而言，水生昆虫可能可以作为 其部份天然饵料之用，在本研究中并无发现不利之处。关键字:淡水长臂大虾、水 生昆虫、腐食性、肉食性、杂食性、活存率 【Abstract】 The giant fresh prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is one find of fresh prawn in the tropical areasof Thailand Malaysia and Indonesia. It was introduced to Taiwan in 1970 and accepted widely as amainly rearing species of prawn in Pingtang county including Likang Enpu and Chiozushiang. Butrecently the survival rate of this prawn in the entire cultivating process has found to be becoming down.There are many management factors related to this problem. Among which the aquatic insects in pondalso are considered an important influent factor on the survival rate of this prawn culture. In general thesmall aquatic insects can be down as live-food of this prawn fry but the larger insects oppositely can takeprawn fry as live-food that make loss of fry during farming. In this study eight prawn farms were chosen for investigation through Pingtang – Kaoshiung areas.Each of which contains growing pond and nursery pond. Meanwhile where are 6 glass boxes also usedfor observation two glass boxes for control four glass boxes for experiment in which two glass boxes arerearing prawn fry and aquatic insects another two glass boxes are rearing a mixture of prawn fry aquaticinsects and adult prawns. The results from investigation indicated that there are 8 kinds of aquatic insects commonly observedin the growing pond such as stone fey larvae of mosquito water strider boat fly larvae of water beetlelarvae of dragonfly predacious diving beetle and red worms etc. the survival rate of prawn fry in thisexperiment was found a tendency as control group mixture group fry group. From the observation of feeding habit stone fey larval mosquito water strider are found to besaprotroph。Larval dragonfly larval predacious diving beetle water beetle are found to be carnivorousboat fly and red worm are found to be omnivorous. On the whole the carnivorous aquatic insects in the nursery pond can influence the survival rate ofprawn fry with decreasing to 40 . But no influence was found in the growing pond the aquatic insectsnight become the live-food of the growing prawns.Keywords:the giant fresh prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii、aquatic insect、saprotroph、carnivorous、 omnivorous、survival rate