初一英语课文

初一英语课文 七年级英语重点人称代词，形容词，副词，名词，冠词 (2008-07-14 12:01:12) 分类:英语 标签:七年级英语 语法 初中英语 词类:名词/冠词/形容词/副词/数词/代词/介词/动词 1. 人称代词 主格: I we you she he it they 宾格: me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their 注意:A:形容词性物主代词在句中作定语. B:形容词性物主代词前后均不可接定冠词the。 名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs 名词性物主代词在句中可以作主语/表语/宾语. 注意:A: B:它还可以构成a(an/this/that/some/no)+名词+of+名词性物主代词句型. For example: Our school is big , and theirs is small. 作主语 Whose radio is this ? It’s hers. 作表语 You need not clean my room because my room is clean.Please clean yours.作宾语 He is a very good friend of mine.作…of短语的定语 人称代词并列用法的排列顺序 1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为: 第二人称->第三人称->第一人称 eg:you and I; he/she/it and I; you, he/she/it and I 2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为: 第一人称->第二人称->第三人称 eg: we and you; you and they; we you and they exercise: 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher 11. ______will be sent there by air A. you,she and I B. I, she and you C. she,you and i D.I, you and she 12. . Can you help__________(I)? 2.形容词和副词的比较级 比较级: (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger greater etc (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting more important etc. (3) 双写最后一个辅音字母，er 1. fat,fatter,fattest 2. thin,thinner,thinnest 3. hot,hotter,hottest 4. red,redder,reddest 5. wet,wetter,wettest 6. big,bigger,biggest (4) 以辅音字母，y结尾的变y为i，er easy,easier,easiest happy,happier,happiest 再如:early , busy , heavy , dirty , lazy . 注意:最高级则是把比较级 er 改为est (5) 不规则变化: good better best bad(ill) worse worst many(much) more most old older oldest old elder oldest little less least far farther farthest far further furthest 3.名词: A:可数名词由单数变复数的七种规则 ? 直接+s eg: book----books, apple----apples ? 单词以s, x, ch, sh结尾，+es eg: bench----benches dish----dishes box----boxes bus----buses ?单词以f、fe结尾，去f、fe, 再+ves eg: knife----knives leaf----leaves ?A:单词中以短元音+y，+s eg: boy----boys key----keys play----plays toy----toys B: 无短元音+y 去y, 再+ies eg: baby----babies family----families ?单词结尾是o的单词，分二类变复数。 eg: photo, radio, piano, zoo,kilo,two,studios,bamboo+s eg: tomato, potato, hero, Negro +es 黑人英雄吃西红柿和土豆 ?单词的单复数同行 eg: Chinese, people, sheep, fish, deer, fruit ?单数名词变复数的不规则变化 man – men woman – women foot – feet tooth – teeth goose – geese roof – roofs ox – oxen mouse – mice child – children B:集合名词 当作整体看待及强调特征性质时,谓语用单数;表示具体成员在作具体动作时,谓语用复数. family/team/group/party/class/school /government/company/people(指民族) For example: Their family is richer than our. Their family were watching TV. C:不可数名词 不可数名词分为:物质名词和抽象名词( 物质名词:用来指无法分为个体的物质，材料的名词(如:water, wind,glass,steel 抽象名词:用来指人或事物的品质，情感，状态或动作等抽象概念的名词( 如:honesty love silence life 不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，必须与一个名词短语连用，相当于中文里的【一 +(量词)+ 名词】，其中的量词意义依与具体的名词搭配而定。 For example: a piece of bread/cake(蛋糕), paper(纸), thread(线), cloth(布), furniture(家具), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉) f 一块面包[ 一块蛋糕、一张纸、一根线、…… ] an item of information 一则情报 a burst of applause 一阵掌声 a fit of anger 一顿脾气 a slip of paper 一张纸条 a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 fun 冠词: A:不定冠词 a, an均表示“一个”的意思，但要注意，an 只用在第一个字母是a, e, i, o, u的单词前面。 B:定冠词 the 是一种特殊的冠词，共有七种情况会用到或需特别记忆。 ? 用在乐器(musical instrument)的前面。 Eg: play the violin(小提琴)play the piano(钢琴) ? 世界上唯一的一件事物。 Eg: The sun rises in the sky. (太阳升起来了) ? 世界上最 (大，小，美，丑)…的事物 s biggest bird in the world? 世界上最大的鸟是什么, eg: What’the ? 常用的短语。(指代物为共知事物) eg: open the door close the window ? 在上下文中第二次提到的事物。 Eg: There is a tiger walking in the forest. The tiger wants to find food. ? 表示序数词的第几… eg: The first person “I and we” (第一人称是“我和我们”) ? 在元音开头的字母前，读音发生改变。[ð?:] [ði:] eg: the egg， the orange C:不加定冠词: 球类,棋类前不加定冠词 eg: play basketball/football/chess 季节,月份,星期,节目,三餐和表示抽象的morning/evening前不加冠词 eg: she cried sadly that day in the morning.