with用法

“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是一个十分有用的结构，具体地说，它有以下几种类型： 1. with+宾语+形容词 He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。 Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。 2. with＋宾语＋副词 He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。 3. with＋宾语＋名词 He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时，女儿还是个 小学 小学生如何制作手抄报课件柳垭小学关于三违自查自纠报告小学英语获奖优质说课课件小学足球课教案全集小学语文新课程标准测试题 生。 4. with＋宾语＋介词短语 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。 He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他头枕着胳膊睡着了。 5. with＋宾语＋现在分词(短语) He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。 I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。 6. with＋宾语＋过去分词(短语) He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。 7. with＋宾语＋不定式(短语) I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。 With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time. 有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。 在通常情况下，介词必须有自己的宾语。能充当介词宾语的成分很多，如： 1. 名词或代词作介词宾语 Don’t worry about it. 别为它担心。 He is good at English. 他擅长英语。 I’ll be back in a moment. 我一会儿就回来。 【注】若是人称代词用作介词宾语，要注意用宾格： We are waiting for her. 我们在等她。（不能用…for she） 2. 动名词作介词宾语 She is good at telling stories. 她善于讲故事。 He was very angry at losing it. 把它丢失了，他很生气。 Thank you for telling me the news. 谢谢你告诉我这个消息。 3. 从句作介词宾语 He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。 He began to think about what he would do. 他开始考虑他该怎么办。 【注】介词后通常不接that从句，但表示“除外”的介词except 是例外： I know nothing about him except that he is from Paris. 我只知道是来自巴黎，其他的就不知道了。 另外，介词后也不接if从句作宾语，遇此情况可用whether： We are worried about whether he will come. 我们担心他是否能来。 4. 不定式作介词宾语 He wanted nothing except to watch TV. 他只想看电视。 He had no choice but to sell his house. 他没有办法，只好把房子卖了。 He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看电视，他从不干任何事。 【注】1. 介词后接不定式的情形通常只见于but, except等极个别介词。该不定式有时带 to，有时不带 to，其区别是：若其前出现了动词 do，其后的不定式通常不带 to；若其前没有出现动词 do，则其后的不定式通常带 to。 2. 介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语，但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构： I bought a book on how to repair cars. 我买了一本关于如何修理汽车的书。 5. 副词作介词宾语 I can’t stay for long. 我不能久呆。 It’s too hot in here. 这里面太热了。 I looked everywhere except there. 除了那儿，我到处都看过了。 【注】副词用作介词宾语的情况并不常见，通常只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词，而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点，如可说in here，但不能说come to here。 6. 数词作介词宾语 He has a son of sixteen. 他有一个16岁的儿子。 He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。 7. 介词短语作介词宾语 Choose a book from among these. 从这些书中选一本吧。 Suddenly he came out from behind the door. 他突然从门后出来。 【注】通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词是 from, till, until, since, except, instead of 等。 英语 中考 中考数学全套课件中考心理辅导讲座中考语文病句辨析修改中考语文古诗文必背中考单选题精选 复习时态系列之[八] 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是'过去的过去'。它是一个相对的时态,只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到.              E.g. By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals. We had already had lunch before we arrived there.       其结构是'had+过去分词'.   它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。E.g. I had reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.  I had not reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.  Had you reached the station before 9:00 o'clock?   它通常和before, by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用. 另外, 复合句的主句为一般过去时, 宾语从句表达过去发生的动作时,从句也要用过去完成时.  e.g. He said he had never seen such an exciting match before.    做题时常见错误如下：  一、had形式易写错 例：He hads (have) gone home when I got to his office.   答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ：had                 析：have/has 的过去式都为had, had 在过去完成时中也是助动词, 不能再有单三人称的变化. 二、易与现在完成时弄混 　例：He asked what I have (have) said.          答案：had  解析：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果．而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果． 三、易与一般过去时弄混 例：She lived (live) in New York for eight years before he came to China.答案：had lived  解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时 1 When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.  A has; been sent   B had; sent   C has; sent  D had; been sent 2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.  A had learned   B  learned   C have learned   D will have learned 3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch, so she was very hungry.  A has had   B hasn't have   C have had  D hadn't had 4 By the end of 1976, many buildings _____built in the city.  A have been   B have   C had been  D will 5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.  A has left; comes   B had left; would come   C had left; came   D left; had come 6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.  A had enjoyed   B was enjoying   C have enjoyed   D have been enjoying 7 The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.  A has begun; get  B has been on; get  C had begun; got  D had been on; got     二、1 When I returned home, he _____ (leave). 2 By ten yesterday evening, she ________(finish)writing. 3 He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here. 4 It ____  _____ (stop) raining when I wake up this morning. 5 I _____ (not read) the book because I had read it before. 6 She said she____ (be) born in 1992. 7 When he _____(come) to China two years ago he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________(learn) some Chinese in his own country. 8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____(not see) each other since left Beijing. 9 When I got to his home, he_____(go) to bed. 10 She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____(come) back.  答案：１D  2 A  3 D  4 C  5 C  6 A  7 C  答案：1 had left   2 had finished   3 had studied   4 had stopped   5 didn't read        6 was    7 came   had learned   8 hadn't seen    9 had gone          10 had come 英语中考复习时态系列之[七] 现在完成时 现在完成时表示1）过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果．（即它的＂完成用法＂）e.g. I have just cleaned the classroom.  2)过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。注意：此时动作可能还要继续。（即它的＂未完成用法＂）。 E.g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years.     其结构是“have/has+过去分词”。过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。规则变化与过去式相同，不规则变化需要另记。     它的否定句是在have/has后边加not，变一般疑问句是把have/has提前。E.g. I have ridden a horse.  I have not ridden a horse.  Have you ridden a horse?     它的时间状语通常为already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。另外还可和since+表过去的时间点，for+时间段连用。     做题时常见错误如下： 　　一、易丢掉have/has 　　例：He taken (take) the medicine before.     答案：has taken     解析：have/has 为助动词，起构成时态的作用，是不能省略的。我们可以这样记： 　　　“现在完成时态中，have/has 不可缺。” 　　二、have与has易用混     例：I has never heard (hear) of that before.     答案：have heard     解析：现在完成时与一般现在时一样也有单三人称的变化，当单三人称作主语时用 has, 一般人称作主语时用have．     三、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错     例：She has left (离开) for 2 hours. 　  答案：has been away     解析：在肯定句中，与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词，但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。E.g. I haven't bought clothes for one year. 在此题中leave是短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用，须把它改成相应的延续性动词。如stop be over等。此题中leave要改成be away。这两种词的转换是学习现在完成时需要注意的。 四、have been to与 have gone to 易弄混     例：我去过北京。     I have gone to Beijing.     答案：I have been to Beijing.     解析：'have been to+地点' 是表示曾去过某地，但此刻不在那儿（即在说话的地方）。而'have gone to+地点' 是表示去某地了，此刻在路上或已经到了那个地方（即不在说话的地方）。注意：这两个句式后接副词时，需省to。E.g. He has gone there.     五、 忘记把already变成yet     例：I have already finished my homework.(变一般疑问句)         Have you already finished your homework?     答案： Have you finished your homework yet?     解析：现在完成时态中，肯定句中有already，变否定句或疑问句时通常要改为yet．     六、在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来 　　例：I'll go with you when I finish(finish) my homework.     答案：have finished     解析：在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作，用现在完成时。但注意，此时表示这动作将在另一动作之前完成，若两动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生，则一般不用现在完成时。     另外，现在完成时易与一般过去时弄混，前边已经讲过,这里不在重复   专项练习： 一、单选 1 You have _____ a tall young man.  A grown  B grown  into  C grown us  D grown up 2 He has ____ the watch for a year.  A buy  B bought  C have  D had 3 Has your brother _____ the dog?  A kept in  B fed  C fed on  D kept on 4I _____this book for two weeks, I have to return it now. A borrowed  B have  borrowed   C kept  D have kept 5 Have you ever _____to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful.  A gone  B been  C went  D go 6 Her brother _____the Party since 1978.   A joined  B has joined  C has been in  D was in 7 The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China.  A will visit  B visited  C have visited  D visit 8 I'm sorry, I ____ your name.  A had forgotten  B forgot  C have forgotten  D forgotten 9 The bookshop _____ for eight years.  A has been open   B has been opened   Chas opened   D has open 10 We have       all the paper so we need to buy some.  A used up  B made of   C filled with  D hunted for 11 The flower I ____grown up.  A planted has   B planted have   C has planted   D have planted  二、填空 1 Have you ever ______(take) a train? 2 It _________(be ) more than three years since Jim ______(leave) here. 3 Have you _____(make)friends with your new classmates yet? 4 I _______(have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now. 5 Jim has never seen a panda, _____he? 6 We ______(be) good friends since we met at school. 7 We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps he______(go) home. 8 He _____(read) the book before. 9 Mr. Green _____(teach) us a lot about social studies since September. 10 I _____never____ (meet) her sister before.   答案：１B  2 D  3 B  4D  5 B  6 C  7 C   8 C  9 A   10 A   11 A 1 taken   2 has been, left   3made   4 have had   5 has    6 have been   7 has gone   8 has read   9 has taught   10 have met