全国公共英语等级考试三教材_Monolog_and_passage原文及翻译

目 录 1目 录 3Unit 1 Personal Identification and People 3Monologue :The following monologue is about the life of a famous American Benjamin Franklin 3Passage：Ambulance Girl 4Unit 2 Home and Family 4Monologue: The following monologue is about some causes of the generation gap. 4Passage：Enjoy the Round 6Unit 3 Environment 6Monologue: The following monologue is about some threats to the forests in America. 以下独白介绍了在美国森林受到的威胁。 6Passage: In our"Rurban"Age-To know the countryside,you must live in the city In his book 8Unit 4 Weather and Climate 8Monologue 8Passage：Our Changing Atmosphere 9Unit 5 Food and Drink 9Monologue :The following monologue is about pumpkins. 9Passage：Enjoy Eating at"Melting Pot" 9Unit 6 Free Time Activities 9Monologue ：The following monologue is about chess. 10Passage：Books 10Unit 7 Daily Life 10Monologue ：The following monologue is about the mentality of students in adolescence. 11Passage：Life 11Unit 8 Shopping 11Monologue ：The following monologue is about one famous supermarket Wal-Mart. 12Passage：The Difference between Men's Shopping Style and Women's Shopping Style 13Unit 9 Holidays 13Monologue ：The following monologue is about the celebration of New Year's Eve in New York. 13Passage：Christmas Lost and Found 14Unit 10 Places 14Monologue ：The following monologue is about the capital of America---Washington.D.C 15Passage：The Beauty of Britain 17Unit 11 Travel 17Monologue ：The following monologue is a comment on the differences between cultures. 17Passage：Auckland 19Unit 12 Health and Fitness 19Monologue ：The following monologue is about the disease called asthma. 19Passage：Lower Salt,Better 20Unit 13 Services 20Monologue ：The following monologue is about the Stock Exchange. 21Passage：Airport 22Unit 14 Social Relations 22Monologue ：The following monologue is about the ways in which people find their lovers. 23Passage：US-Japan 24Unit 15 Jobs and Occupation 24Monologue ：The following monologue is about the entertainment profession. 25Passage：How to Write a Winning 26Unit 16 Current Affairs 26Monologue ：The following monologue is about the bird flu. 27Passage：China Scare,Is It Real? 28Unit 17 Education 28Monologue ：The following monologue is about Cyber Cafe in one American high school. 29Passage： Education for All 30Unit 18 Popular Science 30Monologue ：The following monologue is about mosquitoes. 31Passage：Electricity 33Unit 19 History 33Monologue ：The following monologue is about the extinction of dinosaurs. 33Passage：The Battle of Britain 1940 35Unit 20 Geography 35Monologue ：The following monologue is about the extinction of dinosaurs. 35Passage：Earthquake Unit 1 Personal Identification and People Monologue ：The following monologue is about the life of a famous American Benjamin Franklin "If you would not be forgotten as soon as you are dead and rotten腐烂，腐朽，堕落,either write things worth reading, or do things worth writing." America has never forgotten Benjamin Franklin because he did both. He became famous for being a scientist,an inventor发明家,a statesman政治家，政客,a printer,a philosopher哲学家,a musician,and an economist经济学家. Today,we honor Ben Franklin as one of our Founding创办，建立，铸造 Fathers and as one of America's greatest citizens. He was born in 1706 in Boston波士顿,Massachusetts马萨诸塞州. His mother and father were of Puritan清教徒的；n.清教徒 religion宗教、宗教信仰. They left England and moved to the English colony殖民地 of Massachusetts to escape逃避 persecution迫害，烦忧 for their religion宗教. Franklin left school when he was ten and worked for his father for two years. Then he went to work on his brother's newspaper. He became the editor of this paper when he was sixteen. He went to Philadelphia费城 then and bought his own newspaper. He worked hard and by the age of 24 he was one of the most successful men there. In 1732 Franklin published出版 a book"Poor Richard's 理查德Almanac历书，年鉴." Most almanacs contained information for farmers,such as information about the days and weeks of the year and about the weather. To his almanac,Franklin added wise聪明的、明智的 sayings名言 of observations观察、言论 about life; some of these sayings are still famous today. For example,"Early to bed,early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy富有的 and wise,"and "Waste not,want not不浪费，不奢求,"and" A penny便士 saved is a penny earned." Passage：Ambulance Girl When I became a volunteer（志愿者） EMT（急诊医生，紧急救援组织）,my friends were puzzled困惑.They know me to be deeply terrified很害怕 of sick患病的 and dying people.If there was an accident on the road,I tucked塞进 my head in my hands to avoid避免 seeing blood or broken glass.My husband and I had been married 30 years.We loved to travel,read amd write.But at age 52,I felt stuck不能动 in a midlife funk恐惧,cut off from others.Passing路过 the local firehouse消防站 one day,I saw a sign:"Volunteers wanted被征求的: Fine/EMT."The EMT part pointed to everything cowardly胆怯的 in me-my fear怕… of death and disease疾病.Maybe I could help others if I did this and could also save myself by facing what scared吓坏的 me most.As time goes by时光飞逝,I was able to work through通过 my fears恐惧.Now I understand that the closest I have ever felt to God is in the back of an ambulance救护车.When I rush out仓促地跑出 to help sick strangers,I am part of something larger than myslef.Sometimes I truly connect with someone who I would never have met otherwise除此之外、否则-as I did with Nellie.One midngiht,the AIDS hospice收容所 needed help.A colleague同事and I were shown带到 to a bedroom.Lying there was a thin瘦的 black woman with wild 凌乱hair.When I was given a printout 打印件of her medical history病历,I thought,this lady should be dead over ten times.She had AIDS,hepatitis 肝炎and TB结核病.She had had brain surgery脑外科手术.Tonight she had a seizure疾病突然发作."Hello,I'm Clarissa克拉丽莎,are you in pain疼痛?"I asked.she replied by cursing 诅咒at me.I didn't take offense生气.When I rode alone with her in the back of the ambulance as EMT drove,I reread the printout.Nellie was 33 years old.No previous原始 address.No family members.No next of kin近亲.Her whole life as presented here was jsut a list of medicines,symptoms症状 and illnesses疾病.One line catched吸引 my attention:hobbies.Nellie's hobbies were sewing缝纫 and gospel singing唱福音歌.I could not sew缝,but I loved gospel music."Nellie,it says here that you like gospel music,"I said.I expected another curse,but it didn't come."I really like Shirley Caesar雪莉凯撒,"I continued,thinking of the singer's heartbreaking令人心碎的、悲痛的 song about a mother's love for her ungrateful忘恩负义的、讨厌的 son,pouring传布 her soul灵魂 into every word.Suddenly Nellie's eyes moved back and forth来回地."I like her too,"Nellie said weakly无力地.I was stunned吃惊 she could speak.I started naming other gospel singers.With each one,Nellie nodded back点头,and I saw her try to smile.I was not a singer,but I decided to pretend 假装that I was.It was not unthinkable不可想象的 that Nellie内尔 might die during this ride to the hospital,that I would be the last face she ever从来 saw,the last voice she ever heard最后她听到过的声音.I wanted to say something meaningful有意义地 to her,something other than"Where does it hurt?哪里痛"So I started singing,and I held Nellie's hand has I sang.We reached the hospital,and she was whelled 推进to one of the ER rooms急诊室.I touched her thin shoulder薄肩."Nellie,"I said.She fixed固定的 her eyes on me."Take care fo yourself."She gave me one long last look,and then turned her face to the wall.When I climbed back into the ambulance,there was no more trace痕迹 of Nellie.The driver had cleaned and sanitized消毒 everything."Let's go,"I told him.As the ambulance pulled out驶出、离开,I felt like crying我想哭.But my eyes remained dry,like Nellie's.Hobbies:sewing and gospel music,I though as we glided 滑行in the darkness of the night toward 向，超home. Unit 2 Home and Family Monologue: The following monologue is about some causes of the generation gap. One important cause of the generation gap代沟 is the opportunity机会、时机 that young people have to choose their own life-styles生活方式. In traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and approve of, and often to continue the family occupation职业. In our society, however, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out 搬出of the family home at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents. In our upwardly有上升趋势的 mobile society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the ambitions抱负 that parents have for their children are another cause of the division分歧 between them. Often, they discover 发现that they have very little in common with each other. Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the generation gap. In a traditional culture文化, elderly上了年纪的people are valued for their wisdom智慧, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete过时的 overnight突然的，很快的. The young and the old seem好像 to live in two very different worlds, separated分开、隔离 by different skills and abilities. No doubt很可能, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come未来的. Passage：Enjoy the Round 好好打一场高尔夫球 My old man 父亲、丈夫was the original新颖的、原来的 silver Lining一线希望 guy家伙、伙计（我父亲与众不同，能在黑暗中看到光明）.As a teenager I called him Opi老乐天 the Mystic 神秘的because of his crazy optimism乐观主义 and his imperturbable沉着的 ability to see any crisis危机 as"an opportunity机会 for growth". For 30 years my father had been senior高级 representative代 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf for one of the world's largest firms公司.To Opti,hard work was a form of用…构成 a play比赛 because work involved包括、涉及 solving problems.This life view人生观 fit the philosophy哲学 of his favorite game-golf. He first put a club棍棒 in my hand when I was ten.I was in such a rush to（使某人）急速去 be good that he would urge催促、力劝me to"relax放松、休息、变从容 and enjoy the round.The game ends far too soon."I didn't have a clue线索 what he meant. Eventually终于、最后 when I grew up,golf became much more than a game between Dad and I.It acted as a means of seeing who this funny可笑的,oddball古怪的 philosopher哲学家 really was,and who I needed to become. Dad was pushing接近 80.But he always laughed off一笑置之 my concerns关心、关注.Now the cancer癌、肿瘤 came back复发.He had a month,two at most至多,he said,and merely 仅仅asked me to save my strength for the golf course高尔夫球场. We played a course near the English village of Freckleton弗兰克顿.During World War II my father had served在…任职 in an army on the outskirts 郊区of the village. A local told us,"There was quite a memorial service because of the bomber轰炸机. "I glanced一瞥，朝…看了一眼 at Dad."Do you know the bomber?" His complexion面色 had turned pale变得苍白."Yes.Come with me." I followed him to a burying ground墓地 at the rear后部 of a church教堂. "How did these folks人们、父母 die?"I asked. "They weren't folks.They were children.Four and five-year-olds.Thirty-eight in all合计.One of our bombers crashed 坠落into the school."He shut his eyes."God,what a sight景象、情景!I rememeber pulling away开始移动pieces of the plane,bricks砖块 and all these precious宝贵的 kids inside.." I saw tears gathering in聚拢 my father's eyes,There was one girl who was always laughing.I called her Lady Sunshine.A week after the crash失事,I found a note on the base of bulletin board公告牌 from her parents.They wondered想知道 if anybody had taken a photograph of her.I took them all the photos I had.We sat in their front parlor客厅 and cried.I've never experienced anything so sad." "I'm surprised感到惊奇的 you never told me this story."I said." The war ended for me right here,"he said."I promised myself I would never speak about it again." The night before,he had tole me that when he'd joined the Army he was a cocky骄傲的 guy家伙、人.Then"Something happened"and he realized"the only thing life really promises承诺 us is pain痛苦.It's up to to 胜任、从事于create the joy乐事". 要由我们自己去创造欢乐 Opti the Mystic神秘的 had been born in天赋 that bomber's wreckage…的残骸 That night,my prayer祈祷 was simple简单:I hoped that my own children would never know the pain my Dad had known,but if they must,I hoped the pain would make them little Optis. Dad died the following接着的 march.I was on the course near Freckleton again.My partners,who had been warned警告、预告 what was coming,watched solemnly严肃的.I told them my old man父亲 had said golf was a game that made you smile."So please smile."As they smiled,I scattered分散的 my father's cremated火葬、火花 ashes灰烬、骨灰 into the bunker（高尔夫球场的）沙坑. After the round比赛,a boy passed me. "Did you shoot a good one?"I asked. "Not so good,sir." "That's okay,"I said."Enjoy it.The game ends too soon." "Right.Thanks." He walked on and I walked on-and then I stopped.I'd heard it-my father's voice. 我父亲与众不同，能在黑暗中见光明。我十多岁的时候，就叫他“老乐天”，因为他的狂热的乐观及他那视逆境为良机的沉稳本领。 30年来，我付清一直担任世界上其中一家最大的高级代表。对老乐天来说努力工作是另一场比赛，因为工作包括着解决问题的过程。这种对人生的观点恰好适用于他的高尔夫哲学，高尔夫是他最喜欢的运动。 我10岁的时候，父亲第一次把球棒塞到我手里。我急于求成，父亲总是劝我：“放松点，慢慢打，比赛结束得太快了。”我一点也不明白他的意思。 当我终于长大，高尔夫对父亲和我来说已远不止一场比赛。它成为一种方式，通过它能发现这个可笑而古怪的哲学家的真正面目，以及我将要成为的那种人。 父亲快80了。但他总是对我的关心一笑置之。如今他癌症又复发了。他告诉我他还有一个月，最多两个月，只是督促我为下一场高尔夫球赛保存体力。 我们在英国的一个小乡村弗莱克顿附近打了一场球。在二战的时候父亲曾在这个乡村的郊外军队里服过役。 一个当地人告诉我们：“为纪念那次轰炸坠毁，这里时常举行纪念仪式”。 我瞥了父亲一眼：“你知道他说的轰炸机吗？” 他的脸色早已惨白，“是的，跟我来。” 我随他来到教堂后面的基地。 “这些人是怎么死的？”我问。 “他们还未成年，只是些孩子。才四五岁。总共38个。我们的一架轰炸机在学校坠毁。”他闭上了眼睛：“天哪，那景象惨不忍睹！我记得扒开一块块飞机残骸、砖块，所有那些宝贵的孩子们都埋在里面…” 我看到父亲眼中泪光点点：“有个小女孩，成天总是笑，我叫她“阳光女士”。飞机坠毁一周后，我在基地的公告栏上发现了她父母留下的条子，他们想知道是否有人有她女儿的照片。我带去了我所有的照片。我们坐在他们家的前庭，泪流不止。我从未经历过如此伤心的时刻。” “我很吃惊你从未跟我提起过这件事。” “战争对我来说就在这里结束了，”他回答道，“我对自己许过承诺永远不要再提起这件事。” 就在前晚，父亲告诉我当他参军的时候，他骄傲自大、自已为是。随后一件突然发生的事让他意识到“生活唯一承诺给我们的就是痛苦，要由我们自己去创造快乐”。 老乐天在轰炸机的残骸里诞生了。 那晚，我的祈祷词很简单：“我希望我自己的孩子永远都不要体会到我父亲经理过的痛苦，如果他们必须要体会到话，我希望痛苦会使他们成为小乐天”。 父亲在接下来的三月离开了。我又一次出现在弗莱克顿的球场上。我的搭档，因为已被告知将要发生的事，神情严肃。我告诉他们，我父亲曾经说过，高尔夫是一种能让你微笑的运动。“来吧，笑一笑。”当他们笑的时候，我把父亲的骨灰撒入了沙坑。 打完了一场比赛后，一个男孩从我身边经过。 “有没有打一杆好球啊？”我问。 “不大好，先生。” “没关系，”我说道，“好好打，你知道，比赛结束得太快。” “没错，多谢。” 他继续向前走，我也继续向前走，突然，我停下了脚步，我听到了父亲的声音。 Unit 3 Environment Monologue: The following monologue is about some threats to the forests in America. 以下独白介绍了在美国森林受到的威胁。 The Forest Service林业部门 is responsible for the forests on public land in the US. It supervises 管理almost 78 million hectares公顷（等于2.471英亩） of forests, grasslands草原, rivers and lakes湖泊. It's an agency隶属于 of the Department of Agriculture农业部. Forest Service officials官员 say there are 4 major threats 威胁to forests and wild land荒原 in America. The first is the threat of fire and fuel易燃物. Fires are a natural enemy of forest growth, but they can also threaten lives and property财产. Fuel is dead plant material and small plants that grow under tall trees. The Forest Service 林业部门estimates 估计that up to多达 one-fourth of the forests it supervises监督、管理 have dangerous levels of fuel. Sometimes foresters林业员 set controlled fires to remove the fuel. Other times the fuel must be cleared by hand. Another threat ! to forests is from invasive入侵 species物种. These are non-native非本土 plants and animals that push out开除 native kinds. They can cause a lot of economic damage. Some invaders入侵者 are insects昆虫, some are diseases疾病, and others are plants like the fast-growing kudzu vine葛藤. The agency部门says another threat to the health of wild land荒地 is the loss of open space空地. It says over 1 hectare公顷 of forest 森林or grassland草原 is lost to development every minute. Development also leads导致 to the division 分割of large natural areas into smaller ones. The fourth threat to public land is what the Forest Service 林业部门calls unmanaged recreation不适消遣. People can hunt, fish and camp野营 in many national forests国家森林. But careless粗心 use of motor vehicles机动车辆 and other actions can be destructive破坏性的、毁坏性的. 在美国，林业部门负责公共用地上的森林。它要管理面积将近7 800万公顷的森林、草原、河流及湖泊，隶属于农业部。林业部门的官员称，在美国对森林和荒原造成威胁的有四种因素。第一种是火灾和易燃物。火灾是森林生长的天然敌人，同时也造成人员伤亡和财产损失。易燃物主要指树木的枯死部分或者在高大树木下生长的小株植物。林业部门估计在他们管辖范围内有近四分之一的森林存在达到危险等级的易燃物。林业员有时放小火除掉易燃物，有时必须得用手清除这些易燃物。对森林的另一威胁是外来物种入侵。这些非本土的动植物对当地的物种会产生危害，造成极大的经济损失。有些入侵者是昆虫，有些是病菌，有些是植物比如生长迅速的野葛藤。该部门称另一对荒原的威胁来自空地的减少。每分钟因经济发展森林或草原会失去超过1公顷的面积。经济发展也会使大片野地被分割成小块。第四种对公共用地的威胁是林业部门所称的不适"-3消遣。人们可以在很多国家森林里打猎，钓鱼和野营，但是对机动车辆的使用疏忽及其他行为可能是有破坏性的。  Passage: In our"Rurban"Age-To know the countryside,you must live in the city In his book Badgers獾,the naturalist博物学家、自然主义者 Michael Clark describes surveying测量 the animal back in the 1960s.Calling at a farm cottage小屋、村舍,he asked an old countryman whether he knew of any badgers living nearby."What's badgers?"came the reply.The countryman乡下人,Clark writes,"genuinely真正的 did not know of the species人类". You can be a countryman,it seems好像,and know little of the country.But traditionally,country folks乡亲们 are regarded as把…认作 being in tune合调子 with the land.They live there,don't they?What can townies城市生活的 know of the "way of nature"? This assumption假定、假设 infects感染、影响 much of our culture文化.It predicates断言 the existence存在 of a clear division between town and country.It enables the rural乡下的 to characterize表…的特点 itself as an indigenous本土的 culture,its"native"traditions and pastimes"hunting and fishing"threatened by an oppressive压制性的、压迫的 urban城市的、市内的 majority.The underlying潜在的 message lies that the countryside is best managed by country people.After all,the know about such things... Unfortunately遗憾地、不幸地,too often,they don't.As the historian历史学家 Keith Thomas showed in his study Man and the Natural World,the growth of our knowledge about nature has come by correcting the "vulgar粗俗的 errors"of country people.And although 虽然、但是Thomas was writing about the period between 1500 and 1800,that process continues today-what country dwellers居民 take for granted认为…理所当然、想当然 is still being confounded使窘迫、使羞愧 by the careful observation观察、观测 of reality现实、真实的事物. A study研究,from York University,has cast投、抛、投射 strange new light on （偶然）发现the farmers' enemy-foxes狐狸.The more foxes狐狸、狡猾的人 a farmer kills,the more lambs 羔羊he appears to lose to foxes.Theat is because:new foxes will almost certainly occupy占领 the slain谋杀 animals' territory地盘,and new animals,unused不习惯…的 to the terrain地势、地形,may then choose more obvious 明显的、显而易见的prey捕食-such as lambs. The message of studies such as this is that natural systems are complex复杂的,unpredictable不可预知的:understanding了解 them requires patient observation and careful analysis.The lack 缺少of these conditions explains why,in the early modern近代的 era时代、纪元,grass snakes蛇 were killed as venomous有毒的,and gardeners destroyed worms蠕虫 because they were thought to gnaw咬、啃 plant roots. The assumption假断 that people"ought应该"to know such things is based on an urban城市-rural农村 divide that opened up完全打开的 in the 18th century.For a couple fo centuries,city and country people did inhabit居住于 separate分开、隔离 realms领域、王国.But the car,the phone,the media and the Internet have contributed捐献 to the unifying统一 tendency趋向、倾向 of what we call modern lifestyle;and the vast巨大的、大量的 population人口 outflow流出 from cities into rural农村的 areas blurred模糊的 the difference between urban城市的 and rural农村的.Thus,a new word-"rurban"靠近都市之农村的-has been coined创造 to describe this condition.Most of us now work indoors在户内 or in an office,and even if we are involved in涉及、专心 our primary industries第一产业、初级产业,we are far more likely大约、差不多接近 to be staring at a computer than communicating with与…联系,与…交往 the landscape风景.Human life has turned generally into a monoculture单一栽培 by work,sleep,shopping and TV-all actually identical同一的 whether performed in在,,,演出 town or country. 迈克尔.克拉克在名为《獾》的书中回溯他在20世纪60年代观测动物的经历。当他拜访一座农舍的时候，他问一位老农是否知道附近有没有獾出没。他得到的回答却是：“什么是獾？”克拉克写道：“农村人真的对物种一无所知。” 表面上你是一个农村人，但对农村所知甚微。但是传统观点认为，农村人和土地才是相融的。他们住在那儿，不是吗？城里人对大自然能知道些什么呢？ 这种观点很大程度上影响了我们的文化。它断言，城市和乡村存在着清楚的分界线。它使得乡村游说团把自己描述为一种本土文化、土著传统和消遣（如狩猎、打渔）的代表，受着城市大多数的压迫和威胁。隐含的教训是农村最好应该由农村人自己管。毕竟，他们了解乡村。。。 不幸的是，大多数情况下，他们并不了解。正像历史学家基斯.托马斯在他的论文《人与自然》中所描述的那样，我们对自然的认识是从对农村人愚蠢错误的纠正中获得的。虽然托马斯所做是从1500年到1800年这个时期的研究，但这个过程延续到了今天----那些 居民认为理所当然的事依旧面对着现实的精细观察而狼狈不堪。 约克大学的一项研究结果出人意料，为作为农民敌人的狐狸澄清了事实。农民越是捕杀狐狸，他损失的羊羔就越多。这是因为新来的狐狸几乎毫无疑问地占领了被捕杀的狐狸的领地，因为对地形的不熟悉，他们就会选择更容易捕食的动物——如羊羔。 这项研究得出的教训就是自然是一个复杂、无法