英语：同位语从句讲练

nullGrammarGrammarAppositivenull 同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语 the Appositive语法精解(一)null同位语的表现形式有以下几种： (1) 名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词 I myself will do the experiment. (3) 数词 She is the oldest among them six.null(4) 从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。 (5) 由such as, that is引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。null(6) 由 of 引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自从2000年以来, 北京市发生了很大的变化。 null(7) 由 or 引导 The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。null同位语从句 the Appositive clause (1) 同位语从句的定义 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。　语法精解(二)null　它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how, when, where, whether 等。nulle.g. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he will come back. null同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开： The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.null⑵ 同位语从句的表现形式: ① 由that引导 The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.null The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all. The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.null② 由whether引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. ③ 由when引导 I have no idea when they will go.null⑶ 有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。null He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more. Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.null⑷ 同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: ① 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。nullWe express the hope that they will come to visit China again. (同位语从句) Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句)null② 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系, 定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。nullThe news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系) The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语)nullThe order when we should go back hasn’t reached us. (同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系) The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten. (定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语)null③ 同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导; 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born?null④ 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting.null⑤ 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won.null练习1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。null2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china. null3. Teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time on line. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online.null4. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.null5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.null1. We don’t think you two have met before. 我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。 (宾语从句)翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。null2. It is certain that John will do well in his exam. 约翰肯定会考好。 (主语从句) 3. Whether they are coming or not don’t matter too much. 他们来不来无关紧要。 (主语从句)null4. Now is when we need him most. 现在是我们最需要他的时候。 (表语从句) 5. I have no idea how she got through the forest. 我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。 (同位语从句)null6. The fact that they won the prize made us happy. 他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。 (同位语从句) null 用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。 1. I can’t decide _____ book I should buy. 2. China is no longer ____ it used to be. 3. I am very interested in ____ he improved his English in such a short time. 4. _____ we need is more money. 5. The truth _____ the earth turns around the sun is known to us.which what how Whatthatnull1. One of them held the view __ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether单词填空null2. The reason ___ he has to go is ___ his mother is ill in bed. A, why ; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 3. They received orders ___ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. whennull4. You can take the seat____ is free. A. which B. that C. where D. in which 5. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D .wherenull6. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation __ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why 7. That’s the only thing ___ he can do now A. which B. all C. that D. whatnull8. Information has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 9. Along with the letter was his promise ___ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whethernull10. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improvingAlong with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whetherAlong with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether答案B 这是一个同位语从句，解释 promise的具体内容，要用that引导。2. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road condition need ____ . A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; to be improved D. when; improving2. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road condition need ____ . A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; to be improved D. when; improving解析：答案为A that引导同位语从句说明 “新问题”的内容。Need后既可接动名词主动式，也可接动词不定式被动式作宾语。null3. There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what解析：答案A 同位语从句that we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling 的具体内容。That连接同位语从句时只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。null4. Information has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as解析：答案B That引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。null5. These wild flowers are so special I would do ____ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 解析：答案A。do后接宾语从句，宾语 从句 I can 后省略了do，缺少宾语。 Whatever在宾语从句中作宾语。null