英语：阅读理解解题指导--巧用构词法猜测词义

nullnullweightlifting …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. … Word Formation 构词法null 派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding) 转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation） null一、派生法（Derivation） 由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。un-dis- in- im- mis- non- understand polite smoker agree fair visible null Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?1. over- : too muchoverwork , overeatabove sth; across overcoat, overheadSome important prefixes: The trains are ____________ on Friday evenings. (crowded) overcrowdednull He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en- 动词前缀enable, endanger, Reading can ______ your life.(rich)enrichnullSome important suffixes: -ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等 sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightennull With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. unconditional: nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的 null二、合成法（Compounding）highway waiting-room kind-hearted 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。 null For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.生死攸关的null Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. honest or practical实事求是，脚踏实地null Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. …At any rate, my love for Rachel remained without result. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army. I was sent overseas during the war. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.tongue-tiedoverseashighlightnull三、转化法（ Conversion ） 由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。n. v. take/bear null So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths, and think of something that gives you pleasure…Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upsets you.calmupsetshurtnull Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.null四、缩略法（ Abbreviation ） DV MVP SOS WWWDigital VideoMost Valuable PlayerSave Our ShipWorld Wide Webnull1…It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.mis- sth. is done wrong or badly present vt. describe null2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.recycle v. 使再循环，回收利用 recyclable adj. 可回收利用的 nonrecyclable n. 不能回收利用的东西 null3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain…trans- change transplant 移植 transport 运输，交通 null4….My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him, but the more I tried, the more he pulled away.By saying “Karl became withdrawn” , the author means that the boy changed entirely and _________.preferred to stay alone at home lost interest in his studies refused to talk to others began to dislike his motherwith- draw back withdrawn 退缩，（在社交场合或情绪方面）变得冷漠 null When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us, but the context(上下文，语境) is also very important.nullThank you!