UL 1004-1994[Chinese]

UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 1 页 UL 1004 标 准 电 动 机 第 1 版-1972 年 12 月 第 2 版-1977 年 2 月 第 3 版-1984 年 5 月 第 4 版-1989 年 5 月 第 5 版 1994 年 6 月 3 日 包括直接从以下确定要求的注解有效期是由 UL 公司订立的。 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的修订本将带有出版修订和增加章节的出版日期。UL 标准是唯一现行的体现最近适用的修 订，所有逐条的信息都伴随着新的修订要求。 ISBN 1-55989-608-6 修订◎1997，2001UL 公司 UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 2 页 目 录 总则 1 范围 ····························································································································4 2 参考 ····························································································································4 2A 术语 ·····························································································································4 3 部件 ······························································································································6 4 计量单位 ······················································································································6 5 电流/功率关系 ·············································································································6 结构 6 机座和壳体 ······················································································································9 7 机械装配 ························································································································10 8 抗腐蚀防护 ····················································································································11 9 电源接线 ························································································································11 9.1 固定接线的电动机································································································11 9.2 软线连接的电动机······························································································15 10 工厂接线端和引线 ········································································································16 11 载流零件 ························································································································16 12 内部布线 ························································································································16 13 绝缘支承 ························································································································17 14 绝缘系统 ························································································································18 15 绕组································································································································19 16 刷握································································································································19 17 非金属的功能零部件·····································································································20 18 电容器 ····························································································································20 18A 起动开关 ·······················································································································21 18B 带控制器的电动机········································································································21 19 间距································································································································22 20 控制装置 ························································································································24 21 接地连接 ························································································································24 21.1 接地导体 ·············································································································24 21.2 连接·····················································································································25 21.3 弹性橡胶安装 ·····································································································25 21A 接地 ·······························································································································25 性能 22 概述································································································································26 22A 接地线路的连续性试验 ································································································26 UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 3 页 22B 额定 ·······························································································································27 23 辅助开关试验 ················································································································27 23.1 概述·····················································································································27 23.2 过开试验 ·············································································································27 23.3 耐久性试验 ·········································································································27 23.4 介质耐压试验 ·····································································································27 23.5 温度试验 ·············································································································28 23A 起动开关试 ···················································································································28 23A.1 概述 ··················································································································28 23A.2 温度试验 ··········································································································28 23A.3 固态起动开关元件故障试验 ···········································································28 23A.4 起动开关耐久性试验·······················································································29 24 弹性橡胶安装试验 ········································································································29 24.1 概述 ·······················································································································29 24.2 过电流试验 ···········································································································29 24.3 限定短路试验 ·······································································································30 24.4 潮湿处理试验 ·······································································································31 24.5 烘箱处理试验 ·······································································································31 24.6 臭氧处理试验 ·······································································································31 24.7 油处理试验 ···········································································································32 25 非金属功能性零件试验·································································································32 25.1 模应力消除 ···········································································································32 25.2 堵转转子循环 ·······································································································32 26 拉力消除试验 ················································································································32 26.1 电源电线 ···············································································································32 26.2 内部连接引线 ·······································································································33 26.3 线夹 ·······················································································································33 27 导线管 ····························································································································33 27A 安装试验 ·······················································································································33 27B 电介电容器过电压试验 ································································································33 制造和生产试验 28 绝缘耐电压试验 ············································································································33 29 连续性 ····························································································································34 29A 接地连续性试验············································································································35 标记 30 细则································································································································35 UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 4 页 总 则 1 范围 1.1 本标准所列要求适用于符合其各自要求的装置和设备中所使用的电动机。 1.2 本标准适用于额定功率为 5 马力（3.7 千瓦）及以下、电压为 250 及以下的交、直流串励、并励、 复励和永磁式换向器电动机。 1.3 除了在 1.2 节中规定的额定为 7200 伏或以下的电动机要求以外，只包括推斥式换向器电动机。 1.3 节于 2001 年 2 月 7 日修订 1.4 本标准适用于开启式和封闭式电动机。 1.5 本标准适用于电动机的零件以及由这些零件组成的部件。 1.6 本标准不适用于： a） 阻抗保护电动机的热保护器和阻抗要求，应由 UL 2111-电动机过热保护标准来评定。 b） 其它符合安装在电动机的最终使用设备要求的电动机的保护器；或 c） 应由 UL 984-气密制冷电动机-压缩机 标准评定的密封（气密型）电动机-压缩机零件。 1.6 节于 1997 年 12 月 26 日修订 1.7 本标准不包括于根据 NFPA 70 国家电气法规规定于危险场所的电动机。 1.8 本标准不包括与最终使用设备应用有关的性能要求，诸如额定电流、在正常或不正常运行时的温 升、电动机的保护、内部接线以及绝缘等，这些均在最终使用设备中给以评定。 1.8 节于 1997 年 12 月 26 日修订 1.9 一产品含有新的或有别于本标准要求的特点、性能、元件、材料或系统，并涉及电振动或人身伤 害，就要评估所使用的专用元件，从而使最终产品需要保持的安全程度达到本标准原预期的目的。一 产品的特点、性能、元件、材料或系统与规定的要求或标准的条件相抵触，不能参加判定是否符合该 标准。根据要求，可提出修订要求申请，建议采纳与使用一致的方法，来发展、修订、补充学具标准。 1.9 节于 2001 年 2 月 7 日修订 2 参考 2.1 出现在标准要求中的任何未标明日期的参考应参考最新版本的代号或标准。 2.1 节于 2001 年 2 月 7 日修订 2A 术语 2A.1 本标准的用途，以下解释适用。 2A.1 于 1999 年 11 月 24 日增加 2A.1.1 芳族聚酰纸 — 芳族聚酰胺(如尼龙)。 2A.1.1 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.2 电枢—有绕组和旋转的电动机部件。 2A.1.2 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.3 电刷—通过换向器进行电气连接的电动机电枢的传导部件。 2A.1.3 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.4 刷握—一种支承电刷的结构，提供保持与电枢的换向器连接的方法。 2A.1.4 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 5 页 2A.1.5 细麻布—使用电气等级树脂浸的油漆浸渍白色亚麻织物。 2A.1.5 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.6 换向器—与其它部件绝缘的传导性装配零件，以防止电刷架，带电连接至电枢回路。 2A.1.6 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.7 电气等级纸—用包含碱性溶液的钠硫酸盐煮沸的木质碎片做成纸浆，生产的纸。 2A.1.7 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.8 全封闭电动机—为防止对绕组外壳内外之间的空气自由交换的全封闭电动机，不可能十分 封闭到不透气。 2A.1.8 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.9 防护端板—用作保护电动机的绕组和支承轴承，但不包括其它部件。它固定于机座上，也 叫作端板或支架。 2A.1.9 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.10 现场接线端箱—接进的电源，连接到电动机现场安装位置且此连接是导线与接线的连接。 2A.1.10 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.11 现场配线箱—接进的电源，连接到电动机现场安装位置且此连接是导线与导线的连接。 2A.1.11 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.12 现场设备—任何设备或装置想要永久地电气连接至导线系统。 2A.1.12 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.1.13 绝缘系统—绝缘材料的装配用作隔离通电部件对地和对极性相反的部件，所有与导线连接 的材料都看作系统的部件。 2A.1.13 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.2 主要元器件—绝缘系统的元器件用作防止火险或电击。这种类型的绝缘例如：包括接地、互 绕、旋转、密封剂、油漆。见 UL1446—绝缘材料系统-概述标准 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 4.2。 2A.2 于 1999 年 11 月 24 日增加 2A.3 云母—无机矿物的小碎片包括用电气等级树脂固定的白云母或金云母。 2A.3 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.4 小元件—典型的使用在机械或热传导电容器上的绝缘系统元件，并不依靠其防止火险或电击。 例如小元件平均的复合、交叉绝缘、和引线。见在 UL1446—绝缘材料系统-概述标准表 4.2。 2A.4 于 1999 年 11 月 24 日增加 2A.5 开启式电动机—电动机有通风孔，允许空气在通道间，在其上和绕组的四周通过。 2A.5 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.6 可移动设备—设备方便携带或可用于搬运，并配有电源电缆连接至供电线路。 2A.6 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.7 转子—电动机旋转零件的一部分，且无绕组。 2A.7 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.8 伺服电动机—电动机使用反馈并具有产生机械功率导致伺服机械明显动作的特性。 2A.8 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.9 尺寸—电动机直径测量于定子机壳外接圆的叠片表面，不包括凸缘散热片、接线盒或类似物， 单独用于电机安装、冷却、装配或连接。 2A.9 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.10 金属片螺钉——带螺纹啮合的螺钉超过金属片厚度，设计成在金属上的孔不是挤压成形且无 UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 6 页 螺纹。 2A.10 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.11 固定设备—任何设备或装置打算固在某一位置或位于专用的地方，且配备电源电缆用作连接供 电线路。 2A.11 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.12 定子—相对于电机转子或电枢旋转的固定部件。 2A.12 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.13 步进电机—使用接受改变电子电流的装置，从而改变实际步进运动的电机。 2A.13 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.14 接线端箱—电源进线连接到在工厂的电动机的地方，该连接是导线与接线端的连接。 2A.14 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.15 处理过的织物—用电气等级树脂浸渍漆的材料。 2A.15 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.16 通用电动机—串励或串励补偿性电动机，在规定的频率和在相同均方根值电压下，无论是直 流或是单相交流，设计运行在相同速度和输出功率。 2A.16 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.17 硫化纤维—在标准中使用的术语表明作为电气绝缘与常规材料，硫化纤维是用多层化学凝胶纸 制成，在凝胶纸上使用的锌氯化物后经水溶介处理除去，通过压延变干燥和抛光后，合成产品，该产 品是一种以变化度保持纤维构成的结构部分再生纤维素、细密的材料，且取决于刚性的等级。含纤维 素的纤维板、压制板、压槽板、或硬纸板不适用于相同的纤维。夹板普通指定用于商业关于电气等级 硫化刚纸的薄片。 2A.17 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 2A.18 配线箱—电源进线连接到工厂里电动机的地方，该连接是导线与导线的连接。 2A.18 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日增加 3 部件 3.1 适用于本标准产品的一个部件应按照产品部件的要求，其使用应按所认可的额定值和使用其它限 制。 3.2 若制造厂对电动机的部件规定了额定值或特殊用途，如一个整体的辅助开关想要控制一个外部电 路—该部件应按其额定值或用途，或按两面三刀者同时给以评定。 4 计量单位 4.1 无括号的值被需要时，则在括号内的值为说明性值或近似值。 4.1 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日修订 5 电流/功率关系 5.1 本标准的目的和除了其它方面表示之外，电动机尺寸参考电动机直径，即直径在迭片、外接圆的 定子机座的平面上进行测量、不包括突缘、毛刺、接线盒、可类似独立进行电动机的安装、冷却、装 置或连接。 5.2 于 2001 年 2 月 7 日删除。 5.3 于 2001 年 2 月 27 日删除。 UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 7 页 5.4 要求的应用是基于电动机的功率而不是额定功率，应使用所制定的合适的表（表 430-147~430- 150）ANSI/SFPA 70-1999 国家电气法规，（本标准中的表 5.1-5.4）所给的电动机功率与满载电流的关 系，对一交直流两用电动机，该表适用于单相；当电动机标明仅用作交流时只用交流电动机；否则， 该表适用于直流电动机。 5.4 于 1999 年 11 月 24 日修订 表 5.1 直流电动机满载电流 表 5.1 于 1996 年 3 月 26 日增加 (以安培为单位) 电枢额定电压 a（伏） 马 力 90 120 180 240 500 550 1/4 1/3 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2 3 5 7-1/2 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200 4.0 5.2 6.8 9.6 12.2 3.1 4.1 5.4 7.6 9.5 13.2 17 25 40 58 76 2.0 2.6 3.4 4.8 6.1 8.3 10.8 16 27 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.8 4.7 6.6 8.5 12.2 20 29 38 55 72 89 106 140 173 206 255 341 425 506 675 13.6 18 27 34 43 51 67 83 99 123 164 205 246 330 12.2 16 24 31 38 46 61 75 90 111 148 185 222 294 A 这些是平均直流数 表 5.2 单相交流电动机满载电流 表 5.2 于 1996 年 3 月 26 日增加 (以安培为单位) 马 力 115 伏 200 伏 208 伏 230 伏 1/6 1/4 1/3 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2 3 5 7-1/2 10 4.4 5.8 7.2 9.8 13.8 16 20 24 34 56 80 100 2.5 3.3 4.1 5.6 7.9 9.2 11.5 13.8 19.6 32.2 46 57.5 2.4 3.2 4.0 5.4 7.6 8.8 11 13.2 18.7 30.8 44 55 2.2 2.9 3.6 4.9 6.9 8 10 12 17 28 40 50 注：表中值为电动机运行在正常速度和电动机正常转矩特性下的满载电流。对于特别是低转速或高转矩的电机会有 较高的满载电流，多速电动机将有随转速变化的满载电流，在这种情况下应根据铭牌额定电流使用。所列电压是电 动机额定电压。所列电流应允许在系统电压为 100~120、和 220~240 伏的范围。 UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 8 页 表 5.3 二相电动机满载电流(4 线) 表 5.3 于 1996 年 3 月 26 日增加 感应型鼠笼和绕线转子(安) 马 力 115 伏 230 伏 460 伏 575 伏 2300 伏 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2 3 5 7-1/2 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200 4 4.8 6.4 9 11.8 2 2.4 3.2 4.5 5.9 8.3 13.2 19 24 36 47 59 69 90 113 133 166 218 270 312 416 1 1.2 1.6 2.3 3 4.2 6.6 9 12 18 23 29 35 45 56 67 83 109 135 156 208 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.3 5.3 8 10 14 19 24 28 36 45 53 66 87 108 125 167 14 18 23 28 32 43 注：表中值为电动机运行在正常速度和电动机正常转矩特性下的带式电动机的满载电流。对于特别是低速或高转矩的 电机会需要更大的运行电流，且多速电机将有随转速变化的满载电流，在这种情况下，应根据铭牌额定电流使用。一 个 2 相 3 线系统总导体内的电流是给定值的 1.41 倍。所列电压是电动机额定电压。所列电流应允许在系统电压为 110~120、和 220~240、440~480V 和 550~~600 伏的范围。 5.4 三相交流电动机的满载电流 表 5.4 于 1997 年 2 月 14 日修订 感应型鼠笼和绕线转子（安） 同步功率因素 a（安）马力 115 伏 200 伏 208 伏 230 伏 460 伏 575 伏 2300 伏 230 伏 460 伏 575 伏 2300 伏 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2 3 5 7-1/2 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200 4.4 6.4 8.4 12.0 13.6 2.5 3.7 4.8 6.9 7.8 11.0 17.5 25.3 32.2 48.3 62.1 78.2 92 120 150 177 221 285 359 414 352 2.4 3.5 4.6 6.6 7.5 10.6 16.7 24.2 30.8 46.2 59.4 74.8 88 114 143 169 211 273 343 396 528 2.2 3.2 4.2 6.0 6.8 9.6 15.2 22 28 42 54 68 80 104 130 154 192 248 312 360 480 1.1 1.6 2.1 3.0 3.4 4.8 7.6 11 14 21 27 34 40 52 65 77 96 124 156 180 240 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.4 2.7 3.9 6.1 9 11 17 22 27 32 41 52 62 77 99 125 144 192 16 20 26 31 37 49 53 63 83 104 123 155 202 253 302 400 26 32 41 52 61 78 101 126 151 201 21 26 33 42 49 62 81 101 121 161 12 15 20 25 30 40 UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 9 页 (续)5.4 三相交流电动机的满载电流 表 5.4 于 1997 年 2 月 14 日修订 感应型鼠笼和绕线转子（安） 同步功率因素 a（安）马力 115 伏 200 伏 208 伏 230 伏 460 伏 575 伏 2300 伏 230 伏 460 伏 575 伏 2300 伏 250 300 350 400 450 500 302 361 414 477 515 590 242 289 336 382 412 472 60 72 83 95 103 118 a 功率因素的 80%和 90%，上表数值相应乘以 1.1 和 1.25 结 构 6 机座和壳体 6.1 电动机应根据用途采用材料,并在设备良好的工厂中以实用工艺一致性地进行加工。 6.2 电动机的制作和装配应具有足够的强度和刚度以经受可能发生的误用不致引起火灾和触电，或由 于间距的减小，零部件松动或移位而造成全部或部分损坏从而导致人身伤害以及其它严重事故。 6.3 对无加固的平面部位，通常若为铸造金属，其厚度应不小于 1/8 英寸(3.2 毫米)厚，除可锻铸铁的 厚度不小于 3/32 英寸(2.4 毫米)，压铸金属可不小于 5/64 英寸（2.0 毫米 ）厚，见 9.1.6 节。如表面是 曲面、带筋或有其它加固或是表面的形状和尺寸，确具有足够的机械强度时，上述厚度可分别为不小 于 3/32、1/16 和 3/64 英寸（2.4、1.6、1.2 毫米）。 6.3 节于 1999 年 11 月 24 日修订 6.4 用于电动机的金属薄板壳体要从其尺寸、形状、金属厚度以及专门用途来加以判定。 6.5 薄钢板壳体的厚度对无涂复层的不得小于 0.026 英寸（0.66 毫米），带镀层的不小于 0.029 英寸（0.74 毫米），有色金属板壳体的平均厚度不小于 0.036 英寸（0.91 毫米），见 9.1.7 节。 例外 1：相对较小的面积或弯曲表面，以及用其它方法增强的表面不需这样厚。 例外 2：经试验表明，材料对于应用已有足够强度的话，壳体就不需上述的厚度。 6.6 在下列因素中考虑一个壳体的可接受性时的评定： a） 机械强度； b） 抗冲击性； c） 吸湿性； d） 可燃性； e） 防腐蚀性； f） 在正常或非正常使用条件下，壳体可经受其温度下的抗变形性；和 g） 抗电源起火。 6.7 对非金属壳体，6.6(a)~(g)都应考虑热老化。（见 610 节聚合外壳和外壳部件） 6.7 节于 1996 年 3 月 26 日修订 6.8 作为最终使用设备壳体的一部分的壳体，应按该使用设备的要求来判定。 6.9 对壳体上通孔的尺寸、数量和位置的可接受性，应根据最终使用设备的要求而定，对该使用设备 而言应考虑下列因素： a） 环境条件； UL 1004 – 电动机 共 34 页 第 10 页 b） 外露程度； c） 对偶然触及带电部件，包括漆包线的防护； d） 如果合适的话，防止熔化金属、燃烧的绝缘体、燃烧的粒子或其它类似可燃材料。 6.10 聚合的电气外壳和电气外壳聚合的零件应符合在 UL746C—聚合材料-电气设备中的使用评 价标准中规定的应用要求，和在本标准中规定的特殊要求。见表 6.1 评定观点。 例外：材料分类,按照 UL 94—装置和器具内零件所用塑料的可燃性试验 标准的聚合材料，其插 头或其它外壳的部件小于 1 英寸 2（6.54 厘米 2），以及装配在金属片或铝机座上形成的部件，能够 用材料是最小额定为 V-2 或 VTM-2,或额定 HB 和按 UL 746C 中规定的 3/4 英寸或 12 毫米火花试验 时使用。 6.10 节于 2001 年 2 月 7 日修订 6.1 在聚合外壳上进行的试验 表 6.1 于 1997 年 12 月 26 日修订 设备类型 电动机设置-全封闭在产品 末端的外壳内 电动机设置-不全封闭在产品 末端的外壳内 可移动式 静止或固定式 机座:HB 堵转转子旋转按 25.2 节 机座:HB 堵转转子旋转按 25.2 节 机座：V-0、-1、-2；VTM-0、-1、-2 5000 伏绝缘（第 12 章） 冲击（第 24 章） 堵转转子旋转按 25.2 严格条件(29.1) 铸造压力(31.1) 应力消除按第 26 章 电阻率容量(第 16 章) 机座:5VA、5VB 5000 伏绝缘(第 12) 冲击(第 24 章) 压力(23.1) 堵转转子旋转按 25.2 严格条件(29.1) 铸造压力(31.1) 导线连接(UL 508-工业控制设备标准) 电阻率容量(第 16 章) UV 压力(26.1) 水压(27.1~27.3) 除其它注释外,参考括号内章节,为 UL 746C—聚合材料-电气设备中的使用评价。另外，材料应由以下 HA1（第 13 部分）性能水平。 机座额定 HA1 性能水平 HB V-2，VTM-2 V-1，VTM-1 V-0，VTM-0 5VA，5VB 1 2 2 3 3 7 机械装配 7.1 电动机的装配应在正常运行时的振动下不产生有害影响，电刷盖应旋紧或用其它方法来防止其松 动。 7.2 未绝缘的带电零件必须紧固在底板或安装面上以防转动或移位，如果这种移位会使间距小于最小 允许值。 7.3 不允许采用面间摩擦作为防止带电零件移动或转动的单一措施，但为此目的而使用合适的锁紧垫 UL 1004 – 电动机