Unit 24 Society
知识
清单
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重点单词
1.________ n. 所有权→________ v. 拥有
2．________ n. 相撞→________ v. 碰撞；冲突
3．________ n. 调整；调节→________ v. 调整；调节
4．________ adj. 宽大的；仁慈的→________ n. 怜悯
5．________ n. 版本 ________ n．编辑→________ vt. 编辑
6．________ v．& n. 罚款 adj. 美好的
7．________ n. 祈祷；祷告→________vt. 祈祷
8．________ adj. 各种各样的→________ n. 多样化
9．________ adj. 信教的→________ n. 精神
10．________ v. 统治；控制；支配→________ n. 统治者；管辖者→ ________ n. 政府；内阁；政体
重点短语
1.________ ________ ________ 严肃认真对待 2.________ ________ ________ ________ 针对某人
3．________ ________ ________ 惹恼某人
4.________ ________ ________ 留下印象
5．________ ________ ________ ________ 关注；留意 6.________ ________ 转折点
7．________ ________ ________追溯到
8.________ ________ ________ 废除
9．________ ________ 原则上
10.________ ________ ________ ________ 判某人死刑
重点句式
1.As a society, it's_high_time_that we took these issues more seriously.2．Trade unions demand_that the government shorten the working week.
3．The_more money we earn, the_less often we see it.
核心语法
复习虚拟语气的用法
自我校对
重点单词：
1．ownership; own 2.collision; collide 3.adjustment; adjust 4.merciful; mercy 5.edition; editor; edit 6.fine 7.prayer; pray 8.diverse; diversity 9.spiritual; spirit 10.govern; governor; government
重点短语：
1．take sth seriously 2.be aimed at sb 3.wind sb up 4.leave an impression 5.keep an eye on 6.turning point 7.date back to 8.do away with 9.on principle 10.sentence sb to death
重点词汇探究
1．accumulate vt. 积累；积聚vi. (数量)逐渐增加；(质量)逐渐提高
accumulation n. 积累
1)I ________ ________ a lot of books. 我已经收集了很多书。
2)By investing wisely she ________ a fortune. 她由于投资有方而积蓄了一笔财产。
3)Debts began to ________. 债务开始增加。
4)However, as the evidence began to ________， experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. 然而，当证据日趋增多时，该动物园的专家们感到有必要进行调查。
【
答案
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】 1)have accumulated 2)accumulated 3)accumulate 4)accumulate
(1)完成句子
A thick layer of dust ________ ________in that room. 那个房间里已经堆积了一层厚厚的灰尘。
【答案】 has accumulated
(2)名校押题
(2010福州八中质检)As people ________ more wealth, they tend to spend a greater part of their incomes.
A．abandon B．accumulate
C.contribute D．concentrate
【答案与解析】 B 考查动词辨析。abandon “放弃”； accumulate “积累”； contribute “贡献”； concentrate “集中”。
2．sentence n．(法官所做的)宣判、判决；刑罚；处刑；句子v.(指法官或法庭)判决、宣判；判刑
a life sentence 终身监禁
the death sentence 死刑
1)The ________ was 10 years in prison and a fine of $10,000.判决结果是监禁十年并罚款一万美元。
2)What's the meaning of the following ________？下面这句话的意思是什么？
3)He ________ ________ to death.他被判处死刑。
【答案】 1)sentence 2)sentence 3)was sentenced
(1)完成句子
The judge________ ________ ________ three years in prison. 法官判她三年有期徒刑。
【答案】 sentenced her to
(2)名校押题
(2010辽宁沈阳统考)The murderer was finally caught and received the punishment of ________to life imprisonment.
A．sentencing B．sentenced
C．having been sentenced D．being sentenced
【答案与解析】 D 考查介词。介词后常带名词、动名词或代词作宾语。题意：杀人犯最终被抓获并被判处终身监禁。
3．govern v．统治；控制；决定；支配
governor n．主管人员；理事；董事；总督；调节器
government n．统治；管辖；政府；内阁
1)The rise and fall of the sea is ________ by the movements of the moon.海水的潮涨潮落是受月球的运动支配的。
2)We elected him ________ of our state for his wisdom.我们选他当我们的州长是因为他的智慧。
3)The young prince was not suited to ________ and became a bad king.年轻的王子不善于治理国家，最后成了一名昏君。
【答案】 1)governed 2)governor 3)government
(1)完成句子
It is the prime minister but not the queen who ________ our country.管理我们国家的是总理而不是女王。
【答案】 governs
(2)名校押题
(2011南京调研)The day when Iraqis ________themselves must come quickly.
A．control B．operate C．govern D．run
【答案与解析】 C govern “统治；控制；决定；支配”。题意：伊拉克人民自己管理自己的那一天必须尽快到来。control “控制”； operate “操作；做手术”； run “运营；经营(企业等)”。
4．elect v．选举；推选；选择；决定
election n. 选举；大选
elective adj.选举的；选修的
1)The Americans ________ Barack Obama president of the USA.美国人民选举奥巴马为美国总统。
2)The ________ results will be broadcast tonight. 选举结果将于今天晚上通过广播公布。
3)The office of president of the US is an ________ one, but the position of Queen of England is not.美国总统是选举出来的，而英国女王不是。
【答案】 1)elected 2)election 3)elective
(1)完成句子
Module 8 is an ________ course, but not a compulsory one. 模块八是选修课，而不是必修课。
【答案】 elective
(2)名校押题
(2011届福建质检)They exchanged views on the question of whom to ________.
A．be elected B．elect
C．being elected D．election
【答案与解析】 B 题意：他们就选谁这个问题上交换了意见。此处需要的是动词的主动形式。
5．resign vt. 放弃；辞去 vi. 辞职
resignation n. 辞职信
1)The general ________ his commission.将军辞去了他的职务。
2)She ________ ________ ________ ________ the care of her sister.她把孩子交给她妹妹照看。
3)He is ________ ________ his fate. ＝ He resigned himself to his fate. 他听天由命。
【答案】 1)resigned 2)resigned her children to 3)resigned to
(1)完成句子
The simplest thing for him is to ________ at once. 最简单的做法就是他立即辞职。
【答案】 resign
(2)名校押题
(2010江苏联考) All the employees ________ because the employer was too unreasonable.
A．recycled B．reworked C．reunited D．resigned
【答案与解析】 D 题意：因为老板太不讲理，雇员们集体辞职了。resign“辞职”，符合题意。
6．delete v. 删除；作废 n. 删除键
delete sth from sth 从……删除……
1)________ the data from the document. 把数据从文件中删除。
2)The patient's high fever ________ most of his memories.由于高烧，病人的记忆力很大程度上丧失了。
3)If you make a mistake, use the ________ ________ to erase backwards.如果你输入错误，可以用Delete 键来向后删除。
【答案】 1)Delete 2)deleted 3)Delete button
(1)完成句子
I ________ the file by mistake. 我误删了这个文件。
【答案】 deleted
(2)名校押题
(2010安徽合肥重点中学联考)Since he has no interest in the gathering，________his name from the list.
A．delete B．add C．decrease D．reveal
【答案与解析】 A delete “删除；作废”。题意：既然他对聚会不感兴趣，把他的名字从名单中删掉。add “添加”； decrease “减少；降低”； reveal“揭示；露出”。
7．burden n．负担；重担 vt. 使负担
burden sb / oneself (with sth) 加负担于某人/自己
lighten / relieve a burden 减负
carry a burden 负载重物
share a burden 分担责任
shoulder a burden 肩负重担
1)The old woman bent with a ________ ________ on the back.老奶奶背着重担，腰都弯了。
2)Pupils of China today ________ ________ ________ a lot of academic tasks.如今，中国的学生学业负担很重。
【答案】 1)heavy burden 2)are burdened with
(1)完成句子
I don't like being a________ ________ other people. 我不想成为别人的负担。
【答案】 burden on
(2)名校押题
(2010山东济南外国语学校质检) Since we are parents, we ________looking after all the family members.
A．are burdened B．bear the burden of
C．burden ourselves D．put a burden on
【答案与解析】 B 题意：既然我们身为父母，我们就得承担起照顾家人的责任。A、C两项改为are burdened with 和 burden ourselves with 才正确。put a burden on sb“使某人承担责任”。
8．undertake vt. 着手做；从事；担保；承担
可接名词或代词，意为“承诺；允诺；答应”时后面一般接动词不定式或从句作宾语。
1)I can not ________ that you will make a profit. 我不能担保你会获利。
2)He was busy, but he ________ to finish the job by this Friday. 他很忙，却答应本周五之前完成那项工作。
3)The work ________ ________ ________ members of the committee. 此项工程由委员会承担。
【答案】 1)undertake 2)undertook 3)was undertaken by
(1)完成句子
Students are required to ________ simple experiments. 学生被要求做一些简单的实验。
【答案】 undertake
(2)名校押题
(2010江苏徐州联考)He ________ me to come to my help whatever might happen, but he failed to.
A．offered B．undertook
C．promised D．advised
【答案与解析】 C 根据动词的用法，只有C、D两项可接sb to do sth，再根据题意“他许诺不管发生什么事都来帮我，却没来”判断应选C项。而A、B两项均不可接sb to do sth。
9．abolish vt. 废止；废除(法律、制度、习俗等)
abolition n. 废除
the abolition of the death penalty 死刑的废除
1)Bad customs should ________ ________.不好的风俗应当废除。
2)The government's decision to ________ this unfair system is a very wise one. 政府废除这一不公平制度的决定是非常明智之举。
【答案】 1)be abolished 2)abolish
(1)完成句子
Some students would like to ________ homework. 有些学生希望取消家庭作业。
【答案】 abolish
(2)名校押题
(2010扬州市高三质检)After the American Civil War, slavery ________.
A．was abolished
B．has been abolished
C．has been abolishing
D．had been abolished
【答案与解析】 A 本题考查时态。根据句子标志after可知， 这里要用一般过去时。题意：在美国内战以后，奴隶制度就被废除了。
10．bare adj. 裸露的；缺少遮盖的；没有保护的；空的；空虚的；勉勉强强的；徒手的 vt. 使(某物)裸露出来；揭开；暴露；露出；
表
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明(心意)
barely adv. 仅仅；几乎没有；赤裸裸地；光秃秃地；空空地
bareness n. 赤裸；暴露
bare its teeth (指动物发怒时)龇牙咧嘴
bare one's heart / soul (to sb) 披露心事；诉说衷肠
the bare bones (of sth) (某事或某情况的)梗概；概要
1)Don't walk on that broken glass with ________ feet.不要光着脚在那些碎玻璃上走。
2)The room is almost ________ ________ furniture.那房间里几乎没有家具。
【答案】 1)bare 2)bare of
1)The dog ________ its teeth at me.那只狗对我龇牙咧嘴。
2)He ________ his heart at the party.他在会上剖白了他的心事。
【答案】 1)bared 2)bared
11．furthermore adv. 而且；此外；再者
表示递进关系的词或短语： and, moreover, in addition, and also, furthermore, besides, still, what's more等。
1)He is inefficient, and ________ he is innocent of any sense of responsibility. 他办事效率很低，而且丝毫没有责任感。
2)I don't like skating, ________， the ice is too thin.我不喜欢滑冰， 而且冰又太薄。
3)They ate a lot of vegetables, ________ ________， they ate a great deal of fruit. 他们吃了许多蔬菜，另外还吃了大量水果。
4)He bought an English textbook and ________ an English dictionary.他买了一本英语课本又买了一部英语词典。
【答案】 1)furthermore 2)moreover 3)in addition
4)also
(1)完成句子
He is old and unpopular, ________， he has at best only two years to retire. 他又老又不受欢迎，而且他最多两年就退休了。
【答案】 furthermore
(2)名校押题
(2010宁夏银川一中月考)It's said that some people choose jobs for other reasons ________ money these days.
A．for B．except C．besides D．with
【答案与解析】 C besides 意为“除……之外(还有)”，用于肯定句时，指“除……外还有”，后可跟名词、代词或v－ing，在否定句中，指“除……外再也没有”，可与but或except互换。根据题意可判断出“据说，目前一些人找工作除了为了金钱外，还有其他原因”。except意为“除……之外”，指“把……从整体中减去”，含有“除……外都”的意味。for和but与题意不符。
重点短语探究
1．come into being 开始形成；存在
come into sight 进入视线；开始看见
come into contact with... 与……接触；与……联系
come into effect / force 开始生效
come into fashion 开始流行
come into flower开花
come into use开始使用
come into consideration考虑
come into power开始执政；当权
1)When an embryo ________ ________ ________， a new life is expected to arrive soon.当一个胚胎开始形成时，一个新的生命很快就会诞生。
2)A plan on her plastic surgery ________ ________ ________ ________.关于她整容的
方案
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已经形成。
【答案】 1)comes into being 2)has come into being
名校押题
(2010海南四校联考)Scientists have quite a few different theories about how the universe ________ into being.
A．came B．was coming
C．had come D．would come
【答案与解析】 A 宇宙的形成是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。
2．knock into 撞上；偶遇；不期而遇；强行教导
knock down 击倒；撞倒；拆毁；降价；减少；拒绝
knock about 漫游；四处走动；殴打；虐待
knock off击掉；撞掉；(使)停止；完成；结束
knock on 敲击；不停地工作
knock out (用锤)敲打掉；使昏迷；淘汰；使精疲力竭
1)He suddenly ________ ________ the tree when he was absorbed in reading the novel on the way. 他在路上专心地看小说，突然撞到树上了。
2)________ ________ ________ one of my old classmates while travelling in such a remote place.在这样偏远的地方旅行，我居然遇到了以前的一个老同学。
【答案】 1)knocked into 2)I knocked into
(1)完成句子
A boy ________ ________ my bike and knocked me off it. 一个男孩撞到我的车子，把我撞下来了。
【答案】 knocked into
(2)名校押题
(2011皖南八校联考)One of the powerful actions the government has taken is to ________the illegal buildings to restore the beauty of the city.
A．knock off B．knock into
C．knock down D．knock out
【答案与解析】 C knock down “击倒；撞倒；拆毁”。题意：政府采取的有力
措施
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之一是拆除违章建筑，重新恢复市容。knock off“击掉；撞掉；(使)停止；完成；结束”； knock into “撞上；偶遇”； knock out “(用锤)敲打掉；使昏迷；淘汰；使精疲力竭”。
3．break into 强行闯入；破门而入；打断；打扰；突然做……
break into a song / a laugh / tears突然唱起来/笑起来/哭起来
break...into pieces 将……打成碎片
break in 打断；插嘴说；闯入；开始工作
They were watching TV when she broke in.他们正在看电视，她突然闯了进来。
One hundred more new recruits broke in at the plant.又有100名新员工进入这家工厂工作。
1)We had to ________ ________ the house, as we had lost the key.因为弄丢了钥匙，我们只有破门而入了。
2)He was so engrossed that she didn't like to ________ ________ his thought.他如此专注，以至于她不想打断他的思绪。
3)When I told him the story, he ________ ________ a laugh.当我把这件事告诉他时，他突然大笑起来。
【答案】 1)break into 2)break into 3)broke into
(1)完成句子
Don't ________ ________ when I'm telling the story.我讲故事时别打断我。
【答案】 break in
(2)名校押题
(2010合肥调研)Their house was________while they were away on holiday.
A．broken in B．breaking into
C．breaking in D．broken into
【答案与解析】 D 此处需要被动语态。break in 无被动形式。
4．show off 炫耀；展示；展现
show sb out 领某人出去
show...in 带……进来
show sb around / round 领某人参观
show up 出席；到场
show sb to... 带某人去某处
1)Catherine ________ ________ her new shoes in front of her classmates.凯瑟琳在同学面前炫耀她的新鞋子。
2)The students on the stage ________ ________ their artistic talent.舞台上的学生展示了他们的艺术才华。
3)The white dress ________ ________ her dark skin.白色的衣服衬托出她黝黑的皮肤。
【答案】 1)showed off 2)showed off 3)showed off
(1)完成句子
He couldn't resist________ ________ on the tennis court. 他禁不住要在网球场上表现一番。
【答案】 showing off
(2)名校押题
(2011天津耀华高三模拟)Farmers in Herefordshire are invited to ________ their skills in the Farmer of the Year competition.
A．show up B．show off C．show out D．show in
【答案与解析】 B show off “炫耀；展示”，符合题意。show up “出席；到场”； show sb out “领某人出去”； show sb in “领某人进来”。
5．wind up 卷起；上紧发条；使结束；以……告终(终结)
get the wind up 紧张起来；害怕起来
put the wind up sb 使某人紧张、不安
1)She helped her mother ________ ________ the wool.她帮妈妈绕毛线。
2)I think it's time to ________ ________ the meeting.我想该结束这次会议了。
3)He ________ ________ feeling ashamed of himself.他最后觉得惭愧。
【答案】 1)wind up 2)wind up 3)wound up
(1)完成句子
It's time to________ ________ ________， I have a plane to catch. 该结束了——我还得赶飞机。
【答案】 wind things up
(2)名校押题
(2010山东师大附中质检)The driver ________in hospital for his crazy driving on the high way.
A．broke down B．wound up
C．put off D．laid off
【答案与解析】 B wind up “以……告终(终结)”。题意：由于在高速公路上疯狂驾驶，这个司机最后进医院了。break down “(车子)坏了；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮了”； put off “推迟；延期”； lay off “解雇；让……下岗”。
6．on principle 原则上
in principle ＝ in general 理论上；原则上；大体上
against sb's principle 有违某人的原则
stick to sb's principle 坚持原则
1)I refuse to go there, ________ ________.我原则上拒绝到那儿去。
2)They have been agreed ________ ________，but not in detail.大体上他们的意见是一致的，但细节上则不一致。
【答案】 1)on principle 2)in principle
(1)完成句子
He drinks a cup of hot milk every night ________ ________. 他每晚照例喝一杯牛奶。
【答案】 on principle
(2)名校押题
(2011宁夏银川高三模拟)It is a ________of mine to help people when I can.
A．control B．command C．mark D．principle
【答案与解析】 D 题意：我的一个原则是在我力所能及的时候帮助人。control “控制；管理”； command “命令”； mark “标志”； principle “原则”。
重点句型探究
1．As a society, it is high time that we took these issues more seriously.作为一个社会，是我们该认真对待这些问题的时候了。
It is (high / about) time that...从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词一般用过去式或should do (should一般不可以省略)，意为“是该……的时候了”。
【仿写】
学校该改善食堂了。
________________________________________
【答案】 It's high time that the school improved its meal service.
1)________ ________ ________ ________ we had a break. 是我们休息一会儿的时候了。
2)It is about time that he ________ ________ ________ on the stage.该他登台亮相了。
【答案】 1)It is (high) time that 2)should show up
It is (high / about) time that...“该……的时候了”，从句用虚拟语气。
It is the first / second time that...“这是第一次/第二次做……”，从句常用现在完成时。
It was the first / second time that...从句常用过去完成时。
(1)完成句子
________ ________ ________ ________that we should go. 我们该走了。
【答案】 It is high time
(2)名校押题
(2010安徽八校联考)It is high time that I________ from Judy.
A．hear B．heard
C．have heard D．had heard
【答案与解析】 B 考查“It is high time that...”结构。A项需要在前面加should。
2．Trade unions demand that the government shorten the working week.工会组织要求政府缩短上班时间。
此句的特点是动词demand 后接的从句中，谓语部分用“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should 可以省略。
与demand用法相似的动词有：require, request, insist (坚持要求), desire, urge, prefer, ask, suggest, recommend, advise, propose, command, order (命令)等。
注意：这类词的其他形式(名词或形容词)所带相关的名词性从句中，谓语部分也需用“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。
【仿写】
她要求他归还借的书。
______________________________________
【答案】 She demanded that he return the books he borrowed from her.
1)He ________ that we should donate one third of what we earn every month.他要求我们每月捐出三分之一的收入。
2)He ________ that the work (should) be done at once.他命令这项工作马上要做。
3)It is ________ that he (should) know something about medicine if he has to attend on her.如果他要照料她，他得懂点医学知识。
【答案】 1)demanded 2)commanded 3)desirable
(1)完成句子
They insisted that everyone ________ to the party. 他们坚持要求每个人都参加晚会。
【答案】 (should) come
(2)名校押题
(2011福州质检)The young man insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and ________free.
A．did; set B．had done; should be set
C．should do; be set D．had done; must be set
【答案与解析】 B 考查对于insist的两种含义及用法的理解。insist 意为“坚持认为”时，后所接的从句中用陈述语气；而在表示“坚持要求”时，后所接的从句中要用虚拟语气。题意：那个年轻人坚持说自己没有做错事，坚持要求被释放。
3．The more money we earn, the less often we see it.我们挣的钱越多，我们就越不大可能看见钱。
the ＋比较级．..the ＋比较级．.. 意为“越……就越……”。
【仿写】
越快越好。
_________________________________________
【答案】 The sooner, the better.
1)Unfortunately, ________ ________ friends you are, ________ ________ ________ you'll have disagreements. 不幸的是，你们之间的友谊越深，存在分歧的可能性就越大。
2)________ ________ the city is, ________ ________ ________ there is. 城市越大，污染就越严重。
3)________ ________ you eat, ________ ________ you are. 你吃得越多，就长得越胖。
4)________ ________ you teach English, ________ ________ experienced you are in it.你教英语时间越长，你对此就越有经验。
【答案】 1)the better; the more probably 2)The bigger; the more pollution 3)The more; the fatter 4)The longer; the more
对于这个句型需要注意的是，单音节或少数双音节的形容词或副词如果本身就有比较级的形式，就不需要在这个词的比较级前面再加more了。
(1)完成句子
________ you work, ________ progress you'll make. 你越努力工作，取得的进步也越大。
【答案】 The harder; the greater
(2)名校押题
(2010济南外国语学校质检)________he stayed with her, ________he found it to marry her.
A．The more; the possibler
B．The longer; the less possible
C．Longer; the more possible
D．The more; more possible
【答案与解析】 B 考查“the ＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构。此句表达的是“他与她相处越久，就越觉得不可能和她结婚”。
高考真题探究
1．(2010 重庆，26)—Honey, let's go out for dinner.
—________I don't have to cook.
A．Forgot it！ B．That's great！
C．Why？ D．Go ahead!
【答案与解析】 B 考查交际用语。题意：“亲爱的，我们出去吃饭吧。”“太好了，我不必做饭了。”Forget it.“没关系”；Why“为什么”；Go ahead“随便”，均不符合语境。
2．(2010 辽宁，21)—I'll do the washing－up. Jack, would you please do the floors?
—________.
A．Yes, please B．No, I don't
C．Yes, sure D．No, not at all
【答案与解析】 C 考查交际用语。题意：“我要洗刷一下。杰克，请你擦地板好吗？”“好的。”Would you please do...？是一个表示请求的句型，对该句型的回答，肯定。Sure./ Certainly./ Of course. / By all means./ Yes, do please. / Here you are. / Help yourself. (可以/当然/拿去/请便。)否定I‘m afraid... (我恐怕……)I’m sorry, but... (对不起，但是……)I‘m sorry you can’t. /You'd better not. (很抱歉，不行。/你最好别这样。)显然，只有Yes，sure符合语境。
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