An Introduction To TMDSAn Introduction To TMDS
Understanding DVI D HDMI AndUnderstanding DVI‐D, HDMI And
DisplayPort Signals
“For a list of all the ways technology has failed to improve the
quality of life, please press three.” ─ Alice Kahn
In This Presentation We Will Explore…
• The Nature of TMDS – What Is It?
• TMDS Applied
• Digital Rights Management
• TMDS, Audio And Control
• TMDS Signal Installation Limitations And
Considerations
Why TMDS?
“DVI is the accepted standard for transferring serially uncompressed digital data at high speeds
between a PC host and a digital display, such as an LCD monitor. DVI enables a video signal to
be transferred from a PC source to a digital display in its native digital form simplifying thebe transferred from a PC source to a digital display in its native digital form, simplifying the
way PCs communicate with displays and improving display image quality.”
─ Digital Visual Interface And TMDS Extensions White Paper By Silicon Image (Oct. 2004)
• TMDS Transport Leverages The Native Digital Environment Of Fixed Pixel Displays Such
lAs LCD Panels
Eliminates Complex A/D and D/A Conversions
• TMDS Is The Only Solution That Supports Very High Resolutions Such As 9 2 MegapixelTMDS Is The Only Solution That Supports Very High Resolutions, Such As 9.2 Megapixel
(3840 x 2400) Displays
• TMDS Supports Native 16 Million True‐Color Resolution
8 Bits (Plus 2) Allow 256 Color Shades Per Red, Green and Blue
New Extended Gamut Color (xvYCC) And Deep Color Can Push This To More Than 1
Billion Colors With 10 Bit Implementation (1024 Color Shades Per RGB)
What Is TMDS?
Transition Minimized
Differential Signallingg g
• Developed By Silicon Image Inc. As A Member Of The Digital DisplayDeveloped By Silicon Image Inc. As A Member Of The Digital Display
Working Group
• TMDS Is A Technology For Transmitting High‐Speed Serial Data
Transmitter Incorporates An Advanced Coding Algorithm Which Reduces
Electromagnetic Interference Over Copper Cables And Enables Robust ClockElectromagnetic Interference Over Copper Cables And Enables Robust Clock
Recovery At The Receiver To Achieve High Skew Tolerance
• TMDS Uses 4 Channels: Red, Green, Blue, Clock
• TMDS Is A Two‐stage Process Converts An Input Of 8 Bits Into A 10 Bit Code
TMDS Signalling Uses A Twisted Pair For Noise Reduction
Current Mode Logic (CML), DC Coupled And Terminated To 3.3 Volts.
3 Twisted Pairs Are Used To Transfer Video Data ‐ Each A Different RGB
ComponentComponent
8‐bit Data Transmission Plus 2 Bits Of Control Signals During Screen Blanking
What Is Transmission Minimization?
• Doesn’t 8‐ To 10‐bit Transition Actually
?Increase Data Rates?
Algorithm Creates A Special 10‐bit
Sequence That Minimizes The 0‐to‐1
Transitions, Reducing RF EmissionsTransitions, Reducing RF Emissions
¾ 8‐bit Non‐Encoded Requires 7
Transitions
¾ TM Algorithm Reduces This To 3
• Active DC Balancing Minimizes Voltage• Active DC‐Balancing Minimizes Voltage
Swings
• Transmits Over Two Wires, Providing
All The Benefits Of BalancedAll The Benefits Of Balanced
Connectivity
Common Mode Noise Rejection
Hardware Communication
EDID and DDC
• Display Data Channel
Digital Communication Protocols
Between A Display And Source That
Allows The Display To Communicate
Supported Display Modes And Adjust
Parameters Such As Brightness And
Contrast From The Computer Host
• Extended Display Identification Datap y
Data Structure Provided DVI And VGA Displays To Describe Capabilities To A Graphics Card
256‐byte EDID Structure V1.3 Provides Monitor Name, ID, Model, Serial Number, Display
Size, Aspect Ratio, Horizontal Scanning Frequency Limits, Vertical Frequency Limits, Maximum
Resolution, Gamma And Suppurated Video Resolutions
EDID Data Set Is Far More Extensive For HDMI. In Addition To Video Resolutions And
Aspect Ratios, It Carries Information About Supported Audio Formats, Data Rates, Bit Depths,
Color Space Types, Data Block Types, And More…
Digital Rights Management
“Obviously crime pays, or there'd be no crime.”
─ G Gordon LiddyG. Gordon Liddy
HDCP
• High‐Bandwidth Digital Content
P t ti P t Th C i OfProtection Prevents The Copying Of
Digital Video And Audio Content
Utilizes Blom's Scheme, A
Symmetric Threshold Key y y
Exchange Protocol In
Cryptography
• One Source Connected To One
Display HDCP Authentication (KeyDisplay, HDCP Authentication (Key
Exchange And Validation)
HDMI Protocol Allows For A
Single Source To Authenticate
M Th O Di lMore Than One Display
“One To Many” HDMI
Application Is Not Well
Supported
http://www.keydigital.com/KnowledgeCenter_HDMIPlugNPlay_wp.html
pp
TMDS Applied‐
Digital Visual InterfaceDigital Visual Interface
Digital Video Interface
• DVI‐A Is Analog
• DVI‐I Integrates Analog And Digital
• DVI‐D Is Digital
DVI‐D Dual Link Is Two DVI‐D Single
Links In One Assembly
Supports Higher Resolutions And Supports Higher Resolutions And
Higher Refresh Rates
DVI‐D
• R b t L ki C t• Robust, Locking Connector
• Single Link Screen Resolution
At 60 HzAt 60 H
WUXGA 1920 X 1200
HDTV 1920 X 1080
WXGA+ 1440 X 900 G 0 900
• Dual Link Screen Resolution
WQXGA 2560 × 1600 @ 60 Hz
QXGA 2048 × 1536)@ 75 QXGA 2048 × 1536)@ 75
WUXGA 1920 x 1200 @ 120 Hz
The High Definition “Mystical”
Interconnect ‐ HDMIInterconnect HDMI
HDMI
• High Definition Multimedia Interface
Developed To Address The CE e e oped o dd ess e C
Market
Backwards Compatible With DVI‐
D
• Delivers Uncompressed Digital Video,
Multi‐Channel Audio And CE Control
Now At Level 1.3(b)
1.4 Specification Adds Data
Channel, Audio Return Channel,
Higher Resolutions And 3D
HDMI Adds CE Control and Audio
• CEC Is A One‐wire Bi‐Directional Serial Bus That Uses
AV Link Protocol To Perform Remote ControlAV Link Protocol To Perform Remote Control
Functions
• HDMI Supports Up To 8 Channels Of Uncompressed pp p p
Audio
Up To 24‐bit Word Length
Up To 192 KHz Sampling Rate Up To 192 KHz Sampling Rate
• HDMI Now Supports Additional Unique High
Definition Audio Algorithms
Dolby TrueHD
DTS‐HD
What HDMI CEC Is Supposed To Do…What HDMI CEC Is Supposed To Do…
Press Play on DVDPress Play on DVD
Automatically…
Turns on TV
Automatically…
Turns on A/V RcvrAnd then…
Plays DVD
Automatically…
Switches to correct input
Automatically…
Switches to correct inputSwitches to correct input
(from DVD player)
Switches to correct input
(from A/V Receiver)
Adding Complexity For The Next
GenerationGeneration
An Overview of HDMI 1.4
HDMI 1.4HDMI 1.4
• HDMI Ethernet Channel The HDMI 1.4 specification adds a data channel to the HDMI
connection, enabling high‐speed, bi‐directional communication. Connected devices that include
this feature can send and receive data via 100 Mb/sec Ethernet making them instantly ready forthis feature can send and receive data via 100 Mb/sec Ethernet, making them instantly ready for
any IP‐based application. The HDMI Ethernet Channel allows internet‐enabled HDMI devices to
share an internet connection via the HDMI link, with no need for a separate Ethernet cable. It also
provides the connection platform that will allow HDMI‐enabled components to share content
between devices.
• Audio Return Channel The new specification adds an audio channel that will reduce the• Audio Return Channel The new specification adds an audio channel that will reduce the
number of cables required to deliver audio “upstream” from a TV to an A/V receiver for processing
and playback. In cases where a TV features an internal content source, such as a built‐in tuner or
DVD player, the Audio Return Channel allows the TV to send audio data upstream to the A/V
receiver via the HDMI cable, eliminating the need for an extra cable.
3D h i f h ifi i d fi 3 f d l i f• 3D The 1.4 version of the specification defines common 3D formats and resolutions for HDMI‐
enabled devices, enabling 3D gaming and other 3D video applications. The specification
standardizes the input/output portion of the home 3D system, facilitating 3D resolutions up to
dual‐stream 1080p.
• 4K Resolution Support The new specification enables HDMI devices to support extremely pp p pp y
high HD resolutions, effectively four times the resolution of a 1080p device. Support for 4K allows
the HDMI interface to transmit digital content at the same resolution as the state‐of‐the‐art Digital
Cinema systems used in many movie theaters.
• Expanded Support For Color Spaces
( )• HDMI Micro Connector (Type D)
Local Area NetworkLocal Area NetworkLocal Area NetworkLocal Area Network
• Advanced Bi‐Directional
Communications Channels Such As
Ethernet And/Or USB
Sharing an Internet Connection
I t t d USB H b¾ Integrated USB Hub
Content Distribution – Devices
Will Be Able To Exchange Digital
Content In Native Format, ,
Enabling Recording, Storage, And
Playback Options Across A
Connected System, With No
N d F A S t Eth tNeed For A Separate Ethernet
Cable
Audio Return ChannelAudio Return ChannelAudio Return ChannelAudio Return Channel
• Deliver Audio “Upstream”
F A TV T A A/V R iFrom A TV To An A/V Receiver
For Processing And Playback
In Cases Where A TV
Features An Internal ContentFeatures An Internal Content
Source, Such As A Built‐in
Tuner Or DVD Player, The
Audio Return Channel Allows
The TV To Send Audio DataThe TV To Send Audio Data
Upstream To The A/V
Receiver Via The HDMI Cable,
Eliminating The Need For An
Extra Cablea ab e
TMDS’ New Cousin DisplayPort
DisplayPortDisplayPort
• Digital Display Interface Standard Put
h h d lForth By The Video Electronics
Standards Association (VESA)
Royalty‐Free
Current Version 1 2 Was Approved On Current Version 1.2 Was Approved On
December 22, 2009.
• 1, 2, Or 4 Data Pairs In Main Link, Also
Carries Clock And Audio Signalsg
Video Signal Path Supports 6 To 16
Bits Per Color Channel
DisplayPort Embeds The Clock In The
Data Si nalData Signal
• Not Compatible With HDMI
DisplayPortDisplayPort Cont’dCont’d
• Bi‐directional Auxiliary Channel (At A Constant 17.2 MBit/S) Carries Management
And Device Control Data For The Main Link Using VESA EDID And VESA MCCSAnd Device Control Data For The Main Link Using VESA EDID And VESA MCCS
(Monitor Control Command Set) Standards
• DisplayPort Technical Advantages:
Slimmer Cables, Smaller Connector That Doesn't Require Thumbscrews
Based On Micro‐Packet Protocol, Not Serial Data Stream
¾ Easy Expansion Of The Standard
¾ Multiple Video Streams Over Single Physical Connection (Introduced In
Version 1.2)
¾ Long‐distance Transmission Over Fiber Optic Media
Designed To Support Internal Chip‐to‐chip Communication
¾ Drives Display Panels Directly, Eliminating Scaling And Control Circuits And
Allowing For Cheaper And Slimmer Displays. Will Replace Internal LVDSAllowing For Cheaper And Slimmer Displays. Will Replace Internal LVDS
Links
Supports Both RGB And YCbCr Encoding Formats
Auxiliary Channel Can Be Used For Transmitting Bi‐directional USB, Touch‐
panel Data Etcpanel Data, Etc.
DisplayPort 1.2
• 3840 X 2400 60hz Resolution3840 X 2400 60hz Resolution
• Bi‐directional Data
USB 2.0 or Ethernet
•“Multi‐streaming” — Transport Multiple
Independent Display And Audio Streams
2560 x 1600 (WQXGA resolution) is supported
over all 2‐meter “DP Certified” cables. Some
cables, due to their design, may be capable of
supporting 2560 x 1600 resolution over lengths Independent Display And Audio Streams
Over A Single Cable
• Daisy Chain
• Hub Configuration
longer than 2 meters
http://www.displayport.org/consumer/?q=content/faq
• (2) 2560 X 1600 Monitors
• (4)1920 X 1200 Monitors
Questions ?Questions ?
Thank You!Thank You!
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