VISHAY检流电阻选型手册

R es is to rs - S hu nt s, C ur re nt S hu nt s an d C ur re nt S en so rs RESISTIVE PRODUCTS TABLE OF CONTENTS • Introduction ...............................................................................................................................2 • Shunt .........................................................................................................................................2 • Current Shunt ............................................................................................................................3 • Current Sensor ..........................................................................................................................3 Shunts/Current Sensors • Chips and SMD .........................................................................................................................4 • Exposed Element ......................................................................................................................5 Shunts, Low-Ohm • High Power (100 W - 1000 W) ..................................................................................................6 • Mid Power (10 W - 100 W) ........................................................................................................7 • Low Power (1 W - 10 W) ...........................................................................................................7 Current Sensors, Lower-Ohm • Axial Leads ................................................................................................................................8 • Radial Leads .............................................................................................................................9 • Axial/Radial Leads ....................................................................................................................9 Characteristics and Design Considerations • Kelvin Connection ...................................................................................................................10 • Tolerance and Measurement of Resistance at Low Values ....................................................10 • Power Rating and Thermal Dissipation ...................................................................................11 • One Short Pulse ......................................................................................................................12 • Equally Spaced Repetitive Pulses ..........................................................................................12 • Long Pulses (100 millisenconds to 5 seconds) .......................................................................12 • Current Rating .........................................................................................................................12 • Reactance, Impedance ...........................................................................................................13 • Thermal EMF ...........................................................................................................................13 • Noise .......................................................................................................................................14 • Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) .........................................................................15 Design Factors • Shunts .....................................................................................................................................16 • Sensors ...................................................................................................................................16 • Typical Applications ................................................................................................................16 THIS DOCUMENT IS SUbjECT TO CHANgE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIbED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUbjECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 SHuNTS, CuRRENT SHuNTS, AND CuRRENT-SENSING RESISTORS IN N O VA TI ON AND TECHN O L O G Y 1 9 6 2 - 2 0 1 2 V I S H Ay I N T E R T E C H N O LO gy, I N C . VMN-PL0005-12041/16CAPAbILITIES VISHAY 特许专业代理商 WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子 富士 IGBT武汉技术支持，富士 IGBT华中，西南，西北技术支持: 王鹏 手机：15989854023 电话：027-8705 4728 电子邮件：JerryWang@westpac-hk.com.hk 富士 IGBT青岛技术支持，富士 IGBT青岛，东北技术支持: 牟军 手机：13589207451 电话：0532-8580 3033 电子邮件：TonyMu@westpac-hk.com.hk 富士 IGBT上海技术支持，富士 IGBT华东，华北技术支持: 杨雪 手机：15919925496 电话：021-5489 1461 电子邮件：CindyYang@westpac-hk.com.hk 富士 IGBT深圳技术支持，富士 IGBT华南技术支持: 吴龙 手机：13590310423 电话：0755-8826 2914 电子邮件：WuLong@westpac-hk.com.hk 中国区富士 IGBT模块应用技术支持团队 特许专业代理商 WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子 香港威柏电子(Westpac Electronics)创办於 1992年，为日本富士电机(FUJI ELECTRIC)半导体 器件之中国及香港地区专业代理。主要产品为 FUJI 富士电源 IC,FUJI 富士 MOSFET,FUJI 富士三极管，FUJI富士超快恢复二极管，FUJI 富士肖特基二极管，FUJI 富士单管 IGBT， FUJI富士 Super J-MOS,FUJI富士电机 IGBT模块，FUJI富士电机 IPM模块，FUJI富士电 机 PIM 功率集成模块，FUJI 富士电机分立 IGBT,FUJI 富士智能功率模块,FUJI 富士三电平 IGBT模块，FUJI富士汽车级 IGBT模块等。 威柏电子 以客为本 Westpac ELectronics Customer-based service FUJI ELECTRIC富士电机简介： 富士电机早在 1923年成立以来，一直致力于技术革新和挑战，为顾客提供高质量的服务。 富士电机集团是“向客户提供最大满足的企业”的代名词。不断向具有独创性的技术革新挑 战,为客户竭诚服务。 FUJI ELECTRIC富士电机发挥创业以来积累的“自由操控电力”的电力电子技术优势，成 为“环境，能源”领域举足轻重的国际企业。 FUJI ELECTRIC富士电机研发制造高品质电力电子功率半导体 IGBT/IPM，为太阳能发电， 风力发电，智能电网，工业自动化变频伺服，铁路机车，电动汽车等提供核心功率器件，为 高效化和节能做贡献！ FUJI ELECTRIC富士电机功率半导体致力于在“节约电力”和“创造电力”可靠且高效的 应用，为人类绿色可持续发展不断努力！ FUJI ELECTRIC Innovating Energy Technology 富士电机 不断创新的能源科技 Westpac威柏：WESTPAC威柏-FUJI富士 IGBT模块中国一级代理 WESTPAC威柏-FUJI富 士 IGBT一级代理商 WESTPAC威柏-FUJI富士 IGBT一级代理 WESTPAC威柏-FUJI富士 IGBT中国代理商 WESTPAC威柏-FUJI富士 IGBT代理商 WESTPAC威柏-富士 IPM代理 商 WESTPAC威柏-FUJI富士 IGBT模块代理 WESTPAC威柏-FUJI IGBT module distributor WESTPAC威柏-FUJI ELECTRIC IGBT MODULE DISTRIBUTOR WESTPAC 威柏-FUJI 富士 IGBT 深圳代理 WESTPAC 威柏-FUJI 富士 IGBT 授权分销 WESTPAC 威柏-FUJI 富士 IGBT 授权代理 WESTPAC 威柏-FUJI 富士 IGBT 上海代理 WESTPAC 威柏-FUJI 富士 IGBT 北京代理 WESTPAC 威柏-FUJI 富士 IGBT 成都代理 WESTPAC 威柏-FUJI 富士 IGBT 青岛代理 WESTPAC 威柏-FUJI 富士 IGBT 武汉代理 WESTPAC威柏-FUJI富士 IGBT西安代理 Westpac威柏针对工业电力电子领域以 FUJI ELECTRIC富士电机 IGBT模块（包括富士 IPM 模块、富士 PIM模块、FUJI富士 IGBT驱动 IC）為核心，威柏配合国际知名品牌功率器件： 富士 IGBT驱动器，富士 IGBT驱动器解决方案，富士 IGBT模块专用驱动，富士 IGBT模 块定制驱动晶闸管，WESTPAC威柏-可控硅 SCR、WESTPAC威柏-电力MOSFET、WESTPAC 威柏-MOSFET模块，WESTPAC威柏-电力二极管、WESTPAC威柏-二极管模块、单相整流 桥、叁相整流桥等。Westpac威柏同时可以為客户提供 IGBT驱动方案及配套单片机MCU、 DSP、高速光耦、隔离光耦、电源 IC、平波用铝电解电容及薄膜电容、IGBT突波吸收电容 等元件。业务遍及轨道交通、智能电网(HVDC)、通用变频器、高压变频器、伺服驱动器 、 UPS、变频与传动、电动汽车、电力系统无功补偿装置 UPS逆变器/UPS/EPS、风电变流器、 变频空调、光伏变流、机车主牵引变流器、电梯变频器 、起重专用变频器 、 感应加热、 电源电镀/电解电源 、有源滤波/无功补偿、机车辅助逆变器、逆变焊机；Westpac威柏在电 特许专业代理商 WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子 能质量（APF,SVG）、逆变焊机、不间断电源 UPS、Inverter变频器、数控伺服、电动汽车、 风力太阳能发电等领域与客户战略合作，全力支持中国电力电子工业发展！ 威柏电子致力于工业节能和新能源市场的拓展 香港威柏电子（Westpac Electronics）于 1996年成为 BC components(后被 VISHAY收购)分 立元件授权分销商；威柏电子于 2005年正式成为 VISHAY国内汽车全线电子元器件代理及 各电子行业之分立元件代理； VISHAY, BCcomponents, Sprague, Dale, Beyschlag, Vishay Semiconductors, Sfernice, Siliconix VISHAY 代理（VISHAY 一级代理 VISHAY 中国代理商 VISHAY 汽车电子元器件专业代 理）。 vishay vishay代理商 vishay semiconductor vishay代理 vishay.com VISHAY威柏 www.vishay.com vishay 电阻 VISHAY 电容 vishay dale vishay 公司简介 vishay siliconix vishay电容 ESTA电力电容 Sfernice功率电阻 vishay 一级代理商 vishay 中国代理商 vishay 电容代理商 vishay 电阻代理商 vishay 代理 VISHAY代理商威世代理商 vishay 电阻代理 vishay 深圳代理 vishay 授权分销 VISHAY 授权代理 VISHAY 上海代理 VISHAY北京代理 VISHAY成都代理 VISHAY青岛代理 VISHAY西安代理 VISHAY武汉 代理 香港威柏电子（Westpac Electronics）于 2012年成为青铜剑电力电子科技（Bronze Tech）IGBT 驱动产品的代理,主要产品有 2QD30A17K-I,2QD15A17K-C,2QD23-S,IGBT 串联专用驱动器 等。作为富士电机半导体器件国内最大的代理商，威柏电子完善的销售网络、丰富的市场经 验和良好的客户关系，结合青铜剑科技专业的研发团队、高品质的产品和快速响应的技术支 持，必定能够实现双赢，与我们在新能源、智能电网、工业节能等领域的客户协力合作，促 进中国电力电子行业的飞速发展。 威柏电子致力于工业节能和新能源市场的拓展 特许专业代理商 WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子 R es is to rs - S hu nt s, C ur re nt S hu nt s an d C ur re nt S en so rs RESISTIVE PRODUCTS Introduction generally speaking, there is considerable overlapping in the use of the terms “shunts,” “current shunts,” and “current sensors.” Although these three terms are used interchangeably, there are some subtle differences that are worth noting and that may suggest a preference for one or another term as it relates to a particular application. Shunt A shunt is a resistive device employed to divert most of the current in an electric circuit. The earliest shunts were meter shunts used as external accessories to ammeters allowing one meter to be used for a variety of current levels depending upon which shunt was chosen. These were often massive four-terminal devices with the smaller potential terminals connected to the meter and the larger current terminals connected to the circuit under test. Present day ammeters are more likely to be specific to a particular current range – one meter, one internal shunt. These internal shunts are resistors with current connections to the external terminals of the ammeter and voltage connections made internally to the meter movement. In addition to these measurement shunts, power shunts used for electric motor starting, braking, and speed control. Loading, neutral grounding, preheating and capacitor unloading are all applications in which a resistor is called upon to shunt large amounts of current. For purposes of this brochure a shunt shall be any two- or four-terminal resistor of sub-ohmic resistance value and high-current capacity. To fully describe a particular shunt, the following characteristics may require identification: Mechanical (as applicable) • All external dimensions • body material and finish • Terminal material and finish • Mounting method and hardware • Maximum internal hot-spot temperature • Maximum case temperature and test location (related to hot-spot temperature) • External conductors, termination, and method of attachment • External heat sink capacity and mounting method • Cooling water connection with specified inlet temperature, flow rate, and pressure • Part number and part marking • Unit packaging method and package marking • Unit weight and shipping weight Electrical (as applicable) • Resistance value and tolerance (for 4-terminal devices, also the maximum resistance value between the current terminals) • Maximum current rating • Maximum continuous-duty wattage rating based on specified heat sinking method • Maximum pulse power under specified conditions • Maximum temperature coefficient of resistance and temperature range and reference • Maximum reactance • Maximum dielectric withstanding voltage to mounting hardware THIS DOCUMENT IS SUbjECT TO CHANgE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIbED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUbjECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 VMN-PL0005-12042/16CAPAbILITIES SHuNTS, CuRRENT SHuNTS, AND CuRRENT-SENSING RESISTORS IN N O VA TI ON AND TECHN O L O G Y 1 9 6 2 - 2 0 1 2 V I S H Ay I N T E R T E C H N O LO gy, I N C . R es is to rs - S hu nt s, C ur re nt S hu nt s an d C ur re nt S en so rs RESISTIVE PRODUCTS Current Shunt For the purpose of this brochure a current shunt is defined as a shunt capable of current sensing as well as conducting significant current. Current Sensor A current sensor is a resistive device employed to sense levels of current. Current sensors are used in applications where the emphasis is on accuracy and repeatability under all conditions and less on high-current capability. Applications such as force-balance scales, E beam deflection systems, switching power supplies, all rely on current sensors to feed back and control the current. For the purpose of this brochure, a current sensor is defined as a four-terminal resistor of high accuracy and stability and usually of low resistance value. To fully describe a particular current sensor, the following characteristics must be identified: Mechanical (as applicable) • All external dimensions • body material and finish • Lead material and finish • Identification of current and potential leads • Part number and part marking • Unit packaging method and package marking • Unit weight and shipping weight Electrical (as applicable) • Resistance value and tolerance • Alternate specification: voltage output and tolerance for a given current throughput, e.g. 50 mV ±0.1 % per A • Maximum temperature coefficient of resistance • Maximum wattage rating • Maximum reactance • Maximum dielectric withstanding voltage • Maximum current noise • Maximum thermal EMF at the terminals THIS DOCUMENT IS SUbjECT TO CHANgE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIbED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUbjECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 VMN-PL0005-12043/16CAPAbILITIES SHuNTS, CuRRENT SHuNTS, AND CuRRENT-SENSING RESISTORS IN N O VA TI ON AND TECHN O L O G Y 1 9 6 2 - 2 0 1 2 V I S H Ay I N T E R T E C H N O LO gy, I N C . R es is to rs - S hu nt s, C ur re nt S hu nt s an d C ur re nt S en so rs RESISTIVE PRODUCTS THIS DOCUMENT IS SUbjECT TO CHANgE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIbED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUbjECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 VMN-PL0005-12044/16CAPAbILITIES SHuNTS, CuRRENT SHuNTS, AND CuRRENT-SENSING RESISTORS IN N O VA TI ON AND TECHN O L O G Y 1 9 6 2 - 2 0 1 2 V I S H Ay I N T E R T E C H N O LO gy, I N C . Shunts/Current Sensors: Chips and SMD These low-ohm chip resistors are examples of the range of capability available. Hybrid packaging and surface-mounting practitioners will find these leadless devices to be solutions to current sensing in small spaces. Brand Product Image Part Number Sizes Available Length (inch / [mm]) Power Rating (W) Resistance Range, Tolerance, and Other Features Vishay Dale WSL (Type) 0603, 0805, 1206, 2010, 2512, 2816, 3921, 5931 0.06 to 0.59 [1.52 to 15] 0.1 to 5 • 0.0003 Ω to 0.5 Ω • ± 1 % • Power Metal Strip® WSH 2818 0.280 [7.1] 5 • 0.001 Ω to 0.100 Ω • ± 1 % • Improved thermal management • Power Metal Strip WSR 4527 0.455 [11.56] 2 to 5 • 0.001 Ω to 1 Ω • ± 1 % • Molded • Power Metal Strip WSL2726 2726 0.272 [6.9] 3 • 0.0003 Ω to 0.005 Ω • ± 1 % • 4-terminal • Power Metal Strip WSL4026 4026 0.400 [10.1] 3 • 0.0003 Ω to 0.005 Ω • ± 1 % • 4-terminal • Power Metal Strip WSL3637 3637 0.36 [9.14] 3 • 0.001 Ω to 0.01 Ω • 1 % • 4-terminal • Power Metal Strip WSK 0612 2512 0.06 to 0.25 [1.50 to 6.35] 1 • 0.0005 Ω to 0.025 Ω • ± 1 % • 4-terminal • Power Metal Strip WSL...E 1506, 2010, 2512 0.15 to 0.25 [3.81 to 6.35] 0.25 to 1 • 0.5 Ω to 10 kΩ • ± 1 % • Flip chip WSC 2012, 2515, 4527, 6927 0.2 to 0.69 [5.08 to 17.52] 0.5 to 3 • 0.1 Ω to 8 kΩ • ± 1 % • Molded wirewound Vishay Sfernice MSP 2715, 4528, 5828 0.27 to 0.58 [6.9 to 14.8] 1 to 2.5 • 0.05 Ω to 15 kΩ • ± 1 % • Molded wirewound R es is to rs - S hu nt s, C ur re nt S hu nt s an d C ur re nt S en so rs RESISTIVE PRODUCTS Shunts/Current Sensors: Exposed-Element These exposed-element devices are examples of the range of capabilities available. Exposed-element devices represent a cost-effective approach to current sensing. Brand Product Image Part Number Sizes Available Length (inch / [mm]) Power Rating (W) Resistance Range, Tolerance, and Other Features Vishay Dale SPR-889 1 size 2.4 [61] 13 • 0.0001 Ω to 0.00025 Ω • ± 1 % • 4-terminal • buss block terminals SPR-2068 1 size 4.56 [116] 1.2 • 0.012 Ω • ± 2 % • Metal bar SPR-755 1 size 1.85 [47] 1 • 0.001 Ω • ± 2 % • Metal bar SPR-2166 1 size 2.75 [70] 13 • 0.0004 Ω to 0.002 Ω • ± 1 % • 4-terminal SPR-513 7 sizes 2.75 to 3.38 [70 to 86] Not power rated • 0.002 Ω to 0.01 Ω • ± 1 % • Metal bar SPR-2039 1 size 1.05 [26.7] 3.5 • 0.0035 Ω to 0.025 Ω • ± 1 % • 4-terminal PCb mount SPR-2093 1 size 1.4 [35.6] 13 • 0.0004 Ω to 0.002 Ω • ± 1 % • 4-terminal PCb mount SPR-676 1 size 0.74 [18.8] 0.75 to 1 • 0.015 Ω to 0.265 Ω • ± 0.5 % • 4-terminal PCb mount SPU-104 1 size 0.5 [12.7] 1.875 • 0.0025 Ω to 0.01 Ω • ± 0.1 % • 4-terminal PCb mount SPU-111-1 1 size 0.35 [8.9] 1 • 0.005 Ω • ± 0.1 % • 4-terminal PCb mount SPU-114 1 size 1.1 [27.9] 1 • 0.0016 Ω to 0.02 Ω • ± 0.1 % • 4-terminal PCb mount THIS DOCUMENT IS SUbjECT TO CHANgE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIbED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUbjECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 VMN-PL0005-12045/16CAPAbILITIES SHuNTS, CuRRENT SHuNTS, AND CuRRENT-SENSING RESISTORS IN N O VA TI ON AND TECHN O L O G Y 1 9 6 2 - 2 0 1 2 V I S H Ay I N T E R T E C H N O LO gy, I N C . R es is to rs - S hu nt s, C ur re nt S hu nt s an d C ur re nt S en so rs RESISTIVE PRODUCTS Shunts, Low Ohm: High-Power (100 W - 1000 W) These high-power devices are examples of the range of capabilities available. Brand Product Image Part Number Sizes Available Length (inch / [mm]) Power Rating (W) Resistance Range, Tolerance, and Other Features Vishay Dale HLZ 12 sizes 2 to 10.5 [50.8 to 266.7] 35 to 375 • 0.05 Ω to 32 Ω • ± 10 % • 375 °C max hot spot • Air-cooled SPR-761 1 size 3.5 [89] 100 • 0.005 Ω to 0.01 Ω • ± 1 % • Chassis mount SPR-1002 1 size 4.5 [114] 450 • 0.05 Ω to 37.5 kΩ • ± 1 % • Liquid-cooled SPR-1009 1 size 4.5 [114] 250 • 0.003 Ω • 4-terminal • Chassis mount Vishay Sfernice RSO 4 sizes 5.43 to 14.69 [138 to 373] 160 to 1000 • 0.068 Ω • 450 °C temperature rise RPS 2 sizes 2.87 [73] 250 and 500 • 0.24 Ω to 1 MΩ • ± 1 % • Heat sink mounting RTOP 2 sizes 1.5 [38] 100 to 200 • 0.046 Ω to 1 MΩ • ± 1 % • Multiple resistors in single package • Heat sink mounting THIS DOCUMENT IS SUbjECT TO CHANgE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIbED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUbjECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 VMN-PL0005-12046/16CAPAbILITIES SHuNTS, CuRRENT SHuNTS, AND CuRRENT-SENSING RESISTORS IN N O VA TI ON AND TECHN O L O G Y 1 9 6 2 - 2 0 1 2 V I S H Ay I N T E R T E C H N O LO gy, I N C . R es is to rs - S hu nt s, C ur re nt S hu nt s an d C ur re nt S en so rs RESISTIVE PRODUCTS Shunts, Low Ohm: Mid-Power (10 W - 100 W) These mid-power devices are examples of the range of capabilities available. Some of these shunts are suitable for precise current sensing and should be considered when a power requirement exists in addition to the precision and stability requirements of current sensoring. Brand Product Image Part Number Sizes Available Length (inch / [mm]) Power Rating (W) Resistance Range, Tolerance, and Other Features Vishay Dale SPR-390 1 size 2.5 [64] 50 • 0.001 Ω to 0.01 Ω • ± 1 % • Chassis mount SPR-439 1 size 1.5 [38] 25 • 0.001 Ω to 0.01 Ω • ± 1 % • Insulated flexible leads Shunts, Low Ohm: Low-Power (1 W - 10 W) These low-power devices are examples of the range of capabilities available. good practice calls for derating with tolerance to hold the time drift to a level consistent with the initial tolerance. Brand Product Image Part Number Sizes Available Length (inch / [mm]) Power Rating (W) Resistance Range, Tolerance, and Other Features Vishay Dale SPR-383 1 size 1.0 [25] 5 • 0.0015 Ω to 0.01 Ω • ± 1 % • Special aluminum housing • Flexible leads LVR- 1/3/5/10 4 sizes 0.437 to 1.828 [11 to 46.4] 1/3/5/10 • 0.005 Ω to 0.8 Ω • ± 1 % • Molded axial leads THIS DOCUMENT IS SUbjECT TO CHANgE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIbED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUbjECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 VMN-PL0005-12047/16CAPAbILITIES SHuNTS, CuRRENT SHuNTS, AND CuRRENT-SENSING RESISTORS IN N O VA TI ON AND TECHN