成人学位英语词汇易混淆的125个词47652

成人学位英语词汇易混淆的125个词47652 成人学位英语词汇易混淆的125个词 2007年02月07日14:20 [我来说两句] [字号:大 中 小] 成人本科学位英语考试，除了《成人英语三级词汇手册》列出的词之外，我们学习词汇时还应注意容易混淆的词。英语中有些词，词形和读音相近，但意义却不同;有些同义词，基本意义相同，但内涵的意义有很大差异。我们必须在广泛阅读的基础上，仔细观察每一个词在不同上下文中的含义和用法，从而学会正确使用它。 1.able, capable, competent able为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，一般下效率无关，用作定语 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。) capable 指满足一般要求的能力，可以是表现出来的，也可是潜在的，搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语，表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。) competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。) 2.aboard, abroad, board, broad aboard 在船(或飞机，车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship. abroad 副词，在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad. board 为动词，上(船，飞机，车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now. broad 为形容词，宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders. 3.accept, receive accept 接受，receive“接到”，“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬，但并没有接受邀请。) 4.accident, incident, event accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故) incident“附带事件”，在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件，事变。 event “事件”，指特别重要的事件，通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果，也指国家和社会的事件。 5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain accomplish表成功，强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力，事情都已完成了。) complete 表示积极的完成，更具体地指建筑、 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗,) finish 最常用，后接动词的-ing形式，表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一 步或阶段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。) achieve 完成，实现，强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard. Attain达到，实现，常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals. 6.accurate, correct, exact, precise accurate准确的，精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火 车站的钟应该是准确的。) correct“正确的”，指符合一定的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 或准则，含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词 是incorrect, wrong. exact“精确的”，“恰好的”，比“大体上正确”更进一步，表“丝毫不差”。它的 反义词是inexact。 precise强调“精确”，“精密”。 7.accuse, charge, sue accuse 指责，指控，常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness. charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving. sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house. 8.achieve, acquire, require, inquire achieve(成功地)完成，实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作，将会一事无成。) acquire取得，获得，学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识) inquire打听，询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名) require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。) 9.act, action, deed act 用作名词时，与action, deed均可表“行为”，“举动”。Act指时间较短的个 人行动或行为，强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。) action较正式，往往指不止包含一个步骤，且持续时间较长的行为或行动，强调行为的过程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。) deed为正式用语，多指伟大的，显著的，感人的行为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。) 10.actual, true, real, genuine actual 意为“实际的”，“现实的”，指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在，而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。 true“真实的”，指与实际相符，而非虚假。 genuine “真的”，“非冒充的”，“货真价实的”，强调正宗而非冒牌。 11.adequate, enough, sufficient adequate 足够的，指数量多，适合需要的数量。 enough足够的，指数量多，足够满足某种目的或愿望。 sufficient同enough，常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多，足够满足某种需要，在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient，在不易肯定时多用enough。Enough可放在被修饰名词后，且可作副词，sufficient则不可这么用。 12.admit, confess 两者都表“承认”。 admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。) Confess常指承认错误，罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承认了罪行。) 13.advice,advise advice劝告(名词)。如:I want to give you some advice. advise劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do? 14.adopt, adapt adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子，所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳，采用，通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。) adopt与adapt词形相近，后者的意思是“使适合”，“改编”等。 15.advance, proceed, progress 均可表“前进”。 advance表向一个特定的目的地，在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如: Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. (拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。) proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动，常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。) peogress 多表自然过程，指生长，发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光阴似箭，很快又是夏天了。) 16.advantage, benefit, profit advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位，机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。) profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年 赚钱了吗,) benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。) 17.advise, convince, persuade 均可表“劝说”。 advise表建议，规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存入银行。) convince指向某人陈述事实，运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。) persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我 说服他回去工作了。) 18.affect, effect affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health. effect效果，影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us. 19.afford, provide, supply 都有“提供，供给”的意思。 afford一般只用于抽象事物。 provide 和supply意思相同，两个词都和with连用，构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。 20.agree, consent agree 为常用词。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意这个条件吗,) consent为正式用词，多用于上下级的关系，表示同意别人的要求或请求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗,) 21.aid, help, assist 用作动词均可表“帮助”。 aid为正式用词，help最常用。 assist最正式，表示协助某人做某事，尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名妇女帮她做家务。) 22.alive, living, live alive 指虽有死的可能，但仍活着，一般只作表语。 living可用于人或物，作定语时可前可后。 live只做前置定语，用于动物和个别事物前。 23.almost, nearly 一般说来，almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。 在all, every, always 前，两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。) almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用，而nearly却不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (几乎没人相信他。) 24.alone, lonely alone只表“独自”的客观状态，没有感情色彩，只作表语;lonely表“孤独”，:“寂寞”，能作定语和表语。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。) alone, only均可表“只有”，但alone须置于被修饰词之后，only往往置于被修饰词前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。) 25.already, all ready already已经(副词)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport. all ready准备好的(作表语)。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang. 26.alter, change 作不及物动词时，两者可通用。 作及物动词时，alter是对局部，表面的改变，而change则是对本质的，全面的，彻底的改变。如:Can you alter the dress? (你会改做这件衣服吗,)Can you change the dress?(你能给我更换这件衣服吗,) 27.altogether, all together altogether总计，总共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我们总计六人。) all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。) 28.amaze, astonish, surprise 都可作及物动词，意思相近，一般都是以事物作主语，人称作宾语。 amaze强调“使惊讶”，有时还有“惊叹”，“佩服”等意。 astonish表示“使大吃一惊”，“几乎使人无法相信”之意。 surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。 29.among, between among 在„„中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如:Our house is hidden among trees. between在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese. 30.announce, declare announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情，含有预告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布将偿还债务。) declare指正式负责地宣布，声明，通常用于庄重的场合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。) 31.annoy, bother, trouble, disturb annoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受，或指某人故意去妨碍别人。 bother打扰，麻烦，指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions? disturb打扰，扰乱，指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏，精力一时不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you. 32.answer, reply, respond 用作动词，都可表“回答”，“答复”。 answer是常用词，后可接letter(回信)，question(回答问题)，doorbell(开门)，telephone(接电话)，advertisement(应征广告)等。 reply较正式，一般只作不及物动词，可与to连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。) respond作“回答”解，用得较少，也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。) 另外，respond还可表“对„„反应”，“响应”。 33. appreciate, enjoy appreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。 enjoy是一般用语，仅指感官或智力上的满足，“享受”的意味较强。 34. approve, prove approve(1)赞成，同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。) (2)批准，通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。 prove和approve词形相似，prove是“证明”，“表明是”等。 35. argue, debate, dispute argue着重“说理”，“论证”，“企图说明”，且后可接that引导的从句。 debate着重双方各自陈述理由，尤其是“公开地”、“正式地”辩论。如:The subject was hotly debated. dispute着重就分歧进行热烈的“争论”，含有“相持不下”或“未得到解决”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses. 36. arise, rise, raise arise表无形的东西(如困难，问题等)“出现”，“发生”。 rise指具体事物的“上升”，“升起”，也是不及物动词。如:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东边升起。) raise为及物动词，“使„„上升”，“举起”等。如:He raised his hand.(他举了手。) 37. assure, ensure, insure assure以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生，后需连用人称代词或指人的名词作宾语。 ensure表普通的“保证”。 insure表“保险”，有时同ensure可以换用。 38. awake, wake, waken 都可作动词。 awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用于比喻。 wake常指“睡醒”，多为不及物动词。 waken多用作及物动词，常指“吵醒”，“惊醒”。 39. await, wait await是及物动词。如:I await your further instructions. wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物动词，后常接介词for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate. 40. award, prize, reward award, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品，奖金等)”，后面可跟双宾语;reward意为“报酬”，“酬谢”，只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。 award, prize, reward作名词时，award常指奖金，奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖;reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。 41. base, basis base表事物的下部的底部，多用于具体事物。 basis多用于比喻，主要指命题的基础。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意见缺乏现实基础。) 42. beat, win beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手，后接对手作宾语。 Win作及物动词时，其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如:He has won the race.(他赢得了赛跑的胜利。) 43. beneath, below, under beneath表示同表面接触，与on 相对。Below表示“在下面，低于”，与above相对。 under表示“在„„正下方”与over相对。 44. beside, besides beside在„„旁边。如:Come and sit beside me. besides除„„之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one. 45. big, great, large big强调体积，质量，容量和重量大。如:a big box。Big也有抽象意义，指重大的事件或行为。如:a big mistake great带感情色彩，多指程度和质量，指具体事物或人时，表“突出”，“引人注目”。如:a great man large多指面积，数目或数量大。如:a large population, a large number等。 46. bloom, blossom bloom多指供观赏植物的开花。如:The roses are blooming. blossom多指果树等植物的开花。如:The apple trees are blossoming. 47. borrow, lend borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment? lend把„„借给。如:Can you lend me your bike? 48. bring, take bring带来。如:Bring me some water, please. take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her? 49. calculate, compute, estimate calculate通常指用数学方法进行比较复杂，难度较大的精确计算。如:You can’t expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy. compute常指比较简单的运算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination. estimate估计，常指对数量、成本等事先进行判断或估计。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next year’s rainfall. 50. cheat, deceive, trick cheat欺骗，常用词，主要指为了自己的利益欺骗人。 deceive表示隐瞒真相或以假相骗人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying. trick哄骗，表示耍手段进行欺骗，强调在行骗时使用计策，有时也指并非出于恶意的 欺骗。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval. 51. childish, childlike childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant. childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face. 52. choose, pick, select, elect choose是一常用词，表一般的“选择”。 pick通常用于不需要认真权衡，对比就能做出决定。 select侧重“在同类的许多东西中，进行有斟酌的精选”。 elect指选举或用其他方法推选人。 53. cloth, clothing cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit. clothing衣服(总称)。如:You’d better give all the old clothing away. 54. complex, complicated 均可表“复杂”。 complex为常用词。 complicated为正式用词，表由于组成部分太多，相互关系太复杂而不能理解，语气很强。 55. compose, consist, constitute compose为常用词，常用被动语态，如用主动语态，主语应用复数形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人组成陪审团。) consist表一个整体由几个部分组成(只能用主动语态)。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(联合王国是由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组 成。) constitute为正式用词，与consist相反，表由哪些部分构成整体。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二个月。) 56. considerable, considerate considerable相当多的，可观的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他 遇到了许多麻烦。) considerate 考虑周到的，体谅的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人，不打扰我们。) 57. consistent, constant, continual, continuous consistent一致的，符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words. constant不断的，表示持续和惯常的重现，往往没有变化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise. continual频频的，不停的，时断时续，中间可有间歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health. continuous不断延伸的，连续不断的，强调中间无间断。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change. 58. crack, crash crack(使)破裂，砸开。如:I can crack it, but I can’t break it. (我能把它弄 裂，但不能把它弄破。) crash摔坏，坠毁。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。) 59. crawl, creep crawl多指蛇，虫类等身体沿地面或其他表面的动作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一虫子正在你的背上往上爬。) creep多指哺乳动物或人等用四肢爬行的动物偷偷摸摸无声缓慢的前行动作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我们迟到了，便悄悄地溜进教室。) 60. cure, treat cure治愈，医治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(这药能治好你的病。) cure表示治好，treat只表示“给„„治病”。 61. current, present 均可表“现在”，“目前”。 current强调在现阶段正在流行，通用，但不一定是最新的。如:current English (当代英语) present为常用词，指现在正在通用的，在时间上比current的范围更窄。如:What’s your present address?(你现住址是哪里,) 62. custom, habit 均可表习惯。 custom为正式用词，多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。 habit为常用词，多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的坏习惯。) 63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin 均可表“破坏”，“损坏”。 damage一般指部分性的破坏，含可修复使用。 destroy指十分彻底的毁坏，破坏。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整个城市被毁了。) harm多指带来悲痛，产生恶果的伤害，可以是肉体的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(医生说吸烟对身体有害。) ruin为正式用词，强调由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏，用于比喻时也指彻底毁坏名声，期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在画上，把它毁了。)另外，ruin的复数形式ruins表“废墟”。 64. decrease, reduce decrease多表示逐渐缩小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(肿胀日渐消退。) reduce为常用词，使用范围较大，可指尺寸，数量，规模和程度等，也可指地位，经济状况。如:He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。) 65. dependent, independent dependent依赖的，依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work. Independent 不依靠的，独立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child. 66. desert, dessert desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert? Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream? 67. discover, invent discover发现。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area. invent发明，创造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache. 68. duty, responsibility 均有“责任”之意，可换用。 duty意义较广，多指发自内心的道德伦理上的责任感。 responsibility着重指从道义或法律上对事件之后果负责。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承担打破花瓶的全部责任。) 69. effective, efficient 均可表示“有效的”。 effective常用以指物，强调能产生某种预期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。 efficient“效率高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。) 70. economic, economical economic经济(学)的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说) economical节约的，节俭的。如:He is economical of money and time. 71. electric, electrical, electronic 三词都与电有关 electric着重于发电的，电动的或导电的。如:electric generator(发电机);electric light(电灯) electrical多指本身不产生电，但是与电有关的。如:electrical engineering(电机工程);an electrical transcription(广播唱片) electronic 电子的，电子操作的。如:electronic engineering(电子工程学) 72. emergence, emergency emergence是emerge的名词形式。 Emergency意为“紧急情况”，“突然事件”。 73. everyday, every day everyday每日的，日常的(作定语)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine. every day每天(作状语)。如:She gets up early every day. 74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand 都表忍受，忍耐。 bear忍受，容忍，指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。) endure忍耐，书面语，指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。) stand忍受，与bear同义，但较口语化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(没事干，她受不了。) tolerate容忍，容许，指自我克制的态度，对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果继续这样下去的话，我决不会容忍他。) withstand经受，承受，指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如:They have withstood all test.(他们经受了一切考验。) 75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming 均表“缺点”，“错误”。 error是通用词，指任何错误，“犯错误”可以说commit /make an error。 mistake指判断或理解方面，或指因考虑不周而造成的错误，搭配是make a mistake。 fault表示“过失”，可与error通用，现多用来指缺点，特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)构成短语 find fault with挑剔，找毛病。 shortcoming 缺点，可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(尽管他缺点多，我仍然喜欢他。) 76. especially, particularly, specially 均可表“特别地”。 especially一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜欢意大利，尤其在夏天。) particularly往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(来访者赞赏他所有的绘画，特别是他女儿的画像。) specially 多表示“专门地”，“为特别目的的地”，如表“不寻常”，“过分”等，可与especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地为你做了巧克力蛋糕。) 77. exchange, replace, substitute 均含有“换”之意。 exchange指“互相交换”。 replace的含义为“替换”，“取代”。如:George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.(乔石治已接替爱德华担任队长。) substitute则表示“用„„代替”。如:We substitute nylon for cotton.(我们用尼龙代替了棉花。) 78. fall, descend 都可表向下运动。 fall指由于重力突然从高处落下或因为失去平衡而跌倒。如:She slipped and fell down.(她滑了一下摔倒了。) descend多指沿着斜面而缓慢向下移动。如:He descended the hill.(他下山了。) 79. fame, honor, reputation 都可表名声 80. fell, fall fell砍伐(树木)。如:They are felling the trees.(他们在砍树。) fell也可作fall的过去式;fell作“砍伐”时，它的过去式，过去分词分别为felled, felled. 81. formally, formerly formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party. formerly从前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher. 82. frank, honest, sincere 都与坦率有关。 frank直率的，坦白的，着重表达自己的情感和想法时没有保留。如:To be frank with you, I do not know the answer myself.(老实说，我自己也不知道答案。) honest诚实的，正直的，指遵守正直等道德准则。如:We want your honest opinion, not empty compliments.(我们需要你的诚心恳的意见，而不是空洞的恭维。) Sincere诚挚的，诚恳的，强调出自内心的真心实意。如:Please accept this as a token of my sincere gratitude.(请接受这份表示我真诚感谢的礼物。) 83. gaze, stare, glance, glimpse 都与“看”有关。 gaze“凝视”，强调由于惊奇、兴趣，目不转睛地注视。 Stare强调由于好奇、害怕或无意地睁大眼睛盯着看看。 glare“怒视”，是凶狠地含有威胁地盯着看。 glimpse“一瞥”，是短暂而急促地看，含有意地匆匆地看一眼，现多用作名词。 [注意]一般表示“看”的单词大多同at搭配构成短，但glimpse却有catch (have) a glimpse of这一搭配。 84. genius, gift, talent 都有天才之意。 genius天才，是这三词中程度最高的词。如:Shakespeare was a man of great genius. gift天赋，比“天才”的意义要弱一点，可用复数。如:He is a man of many gifts.(他多才多艺。) talent才能，一般不用复数，指通过学习和勤奋掌握的本领、技术和其他的活动能力。如:As a novelist, he shows great talent in characterization.(作为小说家，他在描写人物方面显出很大的才能。) 85. get, achieve, acquire, attain, gain, obtain 均可表“获得”。 get用得最广，可指以各种方式获得各种东西。如:Where can I get enough information?(我从哪儿能得到足够的资料,) achieve多指克服困难后取得胜利，成功，强调“得到”这一结果。如:He achieved his ambition in the end.(他最终实现了他的抱负。) acquire指通过本身的努力逐渐获得知识、能力和荣誉等。如:acquire knowledge(获得知识)。 attain为正式用词，多用于庄重场合，主要指通过努力达到重要目的或得到珍贵的东西。如:The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.(那科学家由于一次新发现而出了名。) gain多指付出极大努力后获得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西。如:They gained the victory after a bloody battle.(浴血奋战后他们赢得了胜利。) obtain多指凭努力或恳求得到急需或很想得到的东西。如:Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship.(霍华德没能得到奖学金。) 86. grasp, seize, snatch 都有“抓”的意思。 grasp为常用词，是用适度的力量抓牢。 seize是突然用力抓住。 snatch“攫取”，指出其不意地，突然一把抓住并拿向自己。 87. hanged, hung hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed. Hang, hung, hung悬挂。如:His pictures were hung in the museum. 88. haste, hurry, speed 都与速度有关。 haste急速，急忙，多指人的动作迅速和匆忙。如:I felt no haste to depart.(我 不急着走。) hurry急忙，匆忙，常表示混乱，焦急和忙乱的意思。如:I forgot to pay my bill in my hurry. Speed迅速，快，不暗示忙乱或焦急。如:More haste, less speed.(欲速则不达。) 89. hard, hardly hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard. hardly几乎不，简直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news. 90. home, house home家。如:East or west, home is best. House房子，住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station. 91. equal, equivalent, identical, same 皆含相同，相等之意。 equal相同的，相等的，特指“数量，价值等”相同。如:Their ages are equal. equivalent相等的，特指“价值，效力，意义”等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to that. identical相同的，相等的，侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasions. identical相同的，相等的，侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在两种场合穿同样的衣服。) same相同的，表示在质量、类型、外表或意义上相同，而实际上有差异。如:He is of about the same age as you. 92. imaginable, imaginary, imaginative 都是与想象有关的形容词。 imaginable可以想象得到的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(这是惟一想得出的解决办法。) imaginary假想的，虚构的。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虚构人物) imaginative富于想象力力的。如:an imaginative artist(想像力丰定的艺术家) 93. indifferent, different indifferent冷漠的，不关心的，同to搭配。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他从前不注意自己的外表。) different跟„„不一样，同from搭配。如:This book is different from that one.(这本书跟那本不一样。) 94. industrial, industrious industrial工业的，产业的。如:Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成为工业国。) industrious勤劳的，勤奋的。如:He is an industrious student.(他是个用功的学生。) 95. influence, effect 都有“影响”之意。 influence可作动词、名词，指对某人的思想行为、性格等产生影响。如:She was influenced by her middle school teachers.(她受中学时的老师影响。) effect用作动词意为“造成”，“产生”，用作名词强调由于影响而产生特殊效果。如:The effects of the medicine are very good.(药效很好。) 96. intention, idea, purpose intention主要指个人心里产生的做某事欲望或得到某物的想法，常见的搭配是have the intention of doing something. Idea指“意见”，“见解”。 Purpose意为“目的”，着重于实现目的的决心和待付出的努力。如:For what purpose do you learn English?(你学英文的目的是什么,) 97. last, latest, final, ultimate last最后的，与first相对，还可指“上一次的”。如:My seat is in the last row. latest最近的，指时间上。如:the latest news(最新消息) final最后的，指在一系列的事物中是最后的，而且是结论性的，决定性的。如:The judgment has become final.(这已是最后的判断。) ultimate 最终的，最后的，用于正式场合，含有最高的和最有权威的结果。如:He never considered the ultimate result of his action.(他从未考虑其行为的后果。) 98. lay, lie lay放，搁。如:Lay the book on the desk.(把书放在桌上。) lie(躺)的过去式和过去分词分别为lay, lain; lie(说谎)的过去式和过去分词为lied, lied; lay作动词时的过去式和过去分词是laid, laid。 99. literal, literary, literate literal文字上的，字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(对一段文章的字面解释) literary文学的。如:literary works(文学作品) literary有文化的(反义词是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申请这份工作的人应会使用电脑。) 100.manufacture, make, produce manufacture制造，加工，较正式，通常表示把原料经过一定程度制成产品，多指使用机器大批生产。如:This textile factory manufactures cloth of good quality.(这家纺织厂生产优质布料。) make做，制造，最常用词，使用较广泛。如:She can make cakes. Produce生产，制造，着重产品的数量。如:The chemical works produced 5,000 tons of chemical fertilizer last year.(这家化工厂去年生产了5000吨化肥。) 101.much, very 都可表示“很”。 much用来修饰动词意义很强的过去分词;very一般修饰形容词或已失去动作意义的过去分词。 一些只作表语的形容词，一般多用much修饰。 very much是much的加强语，因此，能用much的地方，都能用very much。 修饰形容词原级用very，修饰比较级用much。 much可修饰名词，very不能。 102.neglect, overlook, ignore neglect可以是有意，也可以是无意地“忽略”或“忽视”应该做的事。如:If others neglect their duty to you, be sure that you perform yours to them. (即使他人忽略了履行对你的义务，你也要履行你对他们的义务。) overlook指由于粗心大意，匆忙而“看漏”或“忽略”某东西或某事实。如:His services have been overlooked by his employers.(他的工作一直没有得到雇主的重视。) ignore不顾，不理，常指有意地不理，不加 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 地拒绝考虑。如:She saw him coming but she ignored him. 103.happen, occur, take place 均表示“发生”。 happen是常用词，指偶然或按计划的发生。如:When did the explosion happen?(爆炸什么时候发生,) occur是较正式的用词，主要用以指无计划的发生。 take place多表示情况或事情按计划发生。如:The story took place in 1917.(故 事发生在1917年。) 104.chance, opportunity, occasion chance多指偶然的机会，意外的机会，带有侥幸的意味。如:Even so, it was a lucky chance that he could do it.(即使如此，那也是他凭着侥幸才做到这点。) opportunity主要指能够去做某事，尤其是达到自己目的，实现某种愿望的好机会。如: You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.(你应该尽量利用你的机会去看看这个国家，学习它的语言。) occasion主要指“时机”，“场合”，也含有“机会”的意思。如:The flags are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.(每逢国庆节，国旗都悬持出来了。) 105.persist, insist persist坚持，后面常接介词in。如:He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他虽然疲倦极了，可仍坚持工作。) insist坚持，后面接介词on，也可直接连用that引导的名词从句。如:He insisted on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.) 106.preserve, conserve, reserve preserve坚持，后面常接介词in。如:The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上设有特殊冷藏设 备，在整个航程中保存食物。) conserve保存，储藏，强调采取 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 精心保护某物，防止不必要的浪费，损失或变化。如:He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在为最后20米冲刺保存实力。) reserve留存(在资金，人力，原料等)，保留(权力等)。如:Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路费。) 107.probable, possible, likely probable很可能的，大概的，语气较possible强。如:It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.(花费很可能比我们料想的要多。) possible强调客观上可能性，但常带有“实际可能性很小”的暗示。如:It’s possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms. (他有可能接受这些条件，但希望很小。) likely暗示从表面迹象来判断“有可能的”。如:It is likely that he will come.(他多半会来。) 108.purpose, goal, aim, end, object purpose目的，意图，比较确定，多指采取坚决的行动去达到目的。如:The tutor explained the purpose of the exercise.(导师说明了该练习的目的。) goal指经过仔细考虑而选中的比较大的目标，常需要努力或克服困难才能达到的目的。如:The goal of her desire is to be a singer.(她渴望成为一名歌唱家。) aim常指短期目标，往往比较具体，也比较实际。如:My first aim is to receive a complete and good education.(我的第一个目标是接受完整和良好的教育。) end目标，目的，较正式。如:My chief end is to serve my country and my people.(我的首要目标是为国为民服务。) object指较明确具体的单个目标，往往出于直接的需要和愿望。如:What is the object of your visit?(你访问的目的是什么,) 109.respectable, respected, respectful, respective 都是形容词。 respectable可尊敬的，值得尊重的。如:His parents were poor but respectable.(他 父母虽穷却令人尊敬。) respected表示受人尊敬的，可用于对年长的人，权威性的意见等。 respectful指“充满敬意的”，是主动性的尊重他人。如:The students were very respectful towards the great man.(这些学生对这位伟人十分敬仰。) respective表“各自分别的”，修饰名词时，名词一般用复数。如:They went back to their respective houses.(他们回了各自的家。) 110.round, around round作副词时，同around意思相近，规范用法应区别动态和静态。 Round用于圆周 运动或测量，around用于指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn. around用于指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn. 111.rouse, arouse rouse表“激起”，语气比arouse强，常有“积极行动”的意思。 arouse表“引起”，动作意味较弱，在表“唤起”意义时，可用rouse换用。 112.say, speak, talk, tell say着重所说的话，可用作及物动词，带宾语从句。 Speak着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般作不及物动词，用作及物动词，宾语只能是某种语言等少数几个名词，不能接that从句。 Talk表示通过谈话方式交换意见、思想、消息等，一般只作不及物动词。 Tell表示告诉，有时兼含“嘱咐”，“命令”等。Tell the truth说真话，tell a lie说谎，tell a story讲故事等为固定搭配。Tell是及物动词，但其后不跟that从句。 113.senseless, sensible, sensitive senseless愚蠢的(常作定语);无知觉的(常作表语)。 Sensible懂事的，明智的。如:He is a sensible child.(他是个懂事的孩子。) Sensitive有感觉的，敏感的。如:Eyes are very sensitive to light.(眼睛对光敏感。) 114.shake, shiver, tremble shake颤抖，颤动，指任何短促而急促的摇动，有时喻指对决心，信念的动摇。如:He was shaking with fear.(他吓得发抖。) Nothing can shake our determination.(什么也动摇不了我们的决心。) shiver战栗，寒战，指因寒冷，恐惧或体弱多病而引起的抖动。如:The old man stood shivering in the wind-swept street.(这位老人站在寒风凛冽的街上发抖。) tremble颤抖，发抖，指因寒冷、情绪变化、体弱多病而不由自主轻微地抖动。如:A poor old woman stood at the corner, trembling with age.(一位可怜的老妇人站在拐角处，因年老而不断哆嗦。) 115.small, little small侧重尺度，面积，数字等，在指具体事物小时，有时有轻视，鄙视，贬低的意味，在表示不可数名词的数量时，一般说a small amount of。 little指具体事物小时，常有赞赏，爱惜等意味，也可用来指不可数的量。 116.solve, answer, resolve solve解决，解答。如:He solved all the problems in the exam.(他解出了所有试题。)solve的名词为solution，一般同to搭配。如:a solution to the problem answer 表“回答”，后面的宾语应是questions。 resolve表“解决”，“解答”是个正式用词。如:Have you resolved the problem yet?(你把问题解决了吗,)resolve还有“决定”，“下决心”等意思。 117.sometimes, some time, sometime, some times 词形相近，但意义和用法不同。 sometimes有时。如:I sometimes play tennis.(我有时打网球。) some times有几次。如:I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去长 城有好几次了。) sometime某个时候，指过去或将来的不确定时间。如:I will buy a car sometime in the future.(将来我会买车的。) some time一段时间。如:I have been a teacher for some time.(我当老师已有些 年头了。) 118.submit, surrender, yield 都有“让步，屈服”之意。 submit表示“甘心忍受”，作及物动词时，宾语为反身代词，但一般为不及物动词， 后接介词to 。 surrender“投降”，强调“被迫投降，压力很大”，是不及物动词，后接介词to;用 作及物动词时，表因战败或被迫“交出”，“放弃”某些事物。 yield“投降”，与surrender 大致同义，但是指“温和的让步”。 119.sway, swing sway和swing同义。 sway一般表示物体的下端固定，上端“摇动”。如:The sailboat swayed on the stormy sea.(帆船在惊涛骇浪的大海中摇晃。) swing多表示物体的上端固定，下端“摆动”。如:The pendulum swings.(钟摆摆动。) 120.army, force, troop army军队，着重指军队这个整体，包括陆海空三军。当与navy和air force并列使用 时，则指陆军。如:We will have not only a powerful army but also a powerful air force and a powerful navy.(我们不但要有强大的陆军，而且要有强大的空军和海军。) force军队，部队，着重指武力，常用复数。如:Forces were sent out to stop the conflict.派出武装部队制止这场冲突。 troop部队，着重指构成军队的士兵成员，常用复数。如:They sent the troops to the front.他们把军队派往前线。 121.free, vacant, empty free空的，指清除了或缺少了某物，与of 或from连用。如:She is free from anxiety.(她无忧无虑。)She is free of him.(她摆脱了他。) empty空的，指里面什么东西都没有。如:The case is empty.(这是个空箱子。) vacant空闲的，指地方没有被占用。如:One day, man can make full use of vacant space.(将来，人们会充分利用浩瀚的天空。) empty，vacant和相同的名词连用时，含义不同。如an empty house指房子里既无家具也无人，空荡荡的。而a vacant house指房子没有被人占用，里面可有家具，也可无家具。 122.pay, salary, wage pay薪金，泛指对付出劳动给予的报酬，不分发放对象，只用单数，尤指军队的军饷。如:They are asking for equal pay for equal work.他们要求同工同酬。 Salary工资，指按月或年支付给脑力劳动者的工资。如:The family lives on his salary.(全家人靠他的工资生活。) Wage工资，指定期支付给体力劳动者或临时工的工资，常用复数。如:He works at wages of ten dollars a week.(他每周工资10美元。) 123.cry, sob, weep cry哭，普通用语，常指出声地哭。如:The little girl cried herself to sleep.(小女孩哭着睡着了。) sob抽泣，呜咽:She sobbed herself to sleep.(她啜泣着入睡了。) weep哭泣，书面语，常指小声或无声地哭泣，有时可与cry通用。如:She wept at the sad news.(听到这不幸的消息，她哭了。) 124.worth, worthless, worthwhile, worthy worth值„„钱，值得„„的。如:This house is worth a lot of money.(这房值很 多钱。)The radio program is worth listening to. (这广播节目值得听。) worthless无价值的，无用的(可作定语和表语，无比较级)。如:These stamps are worthless.(这些邮票无价值。)Don’t read worthless books.(不要读些没用的书。) worthwhile值得的(可作定语和表语)。如:That is a worthwhile program.(那是一 个值得听的节目。)So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.(当今有价值的电影很少。) worthy(1)有价值的，可尊敬的(常作定语)。如:The teacher was a worthy man.(那 位老师是可尊敬的人。)(2)值得的(常作表语)。如:The man is worthy of praise.(这人 值得称赞。)它的动词句式是be worthy to be done (be worth doing). 125.zone, district, area, region, belt zone地带，地区，区域，指某一特定的地方或区域。如:Most of China is in the temperate zone.(中国的大部分地区在温带。) district区，行政区，指一国家或城市按行政区的划分。如:the economic development district(经济开放区) area面积，范围，一般用语，没有明确的外围界限，也可指占地面积。如:The factory covers an area of 500 mu.(这工厂占地50亩。) region地区，指较大范围内的区域，一般按自然条件和自身特点划分。如:an autonomous region(自治区) belt地带，通常指狭长的地带。如:The northern part of the country is usually regarded as the wheat belt.(这国家的北部通常被看作小麦种植地带。) (成人本科学位英语网) (责任编辑:皮云萍) 成人学位英语考试从句专项练习一 2007年02月25日11:08 [我来说两句] [字号:大 中 小] 北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试 成人三级英语从句练习 1 The company official ____ I thought would be fired received a raise. A. whom B. whoever C. who D. of whom 2 An old friend from abroad， ____ I was expecting to stay with， telephoned me from the airport. A. that B. whom C. who D. which 3 Of those _____ had applied for the jobs， only two were accepted. A persons B that C who D which 4 Do not trust such men often like to praise you to your face. A. who B. that C. as D. they 5 The writer has published many books， are well received by the readers. A. none of whom B. all of which C. neither of who D. one of which 6 All ____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed 7 This is one of the best books _____on the subject. A. that have ever been written B. which have ever been written C. that has ever been written D. whatever have been written 8 My vacation begins next Tuesday， ____ I will leave for Florida. A. which B. that C. while D. when 9 I will never forget the ten years ________ we both spent in the little village. A. when B. during which C. in which D. which 10 Before joining the army， he spent a lot of time in the village ________ he belonged. A. which B. to which C. to where D. at which 11 The curve is a line _________ no part is straight and which has no angle. A. of which B. whose C. in which D. that 12 The grass______ many animals live is abundant here. A by which B with which C on which D of which 13 This is the dictionary I depend a lot whenever I have problems with new words. A with which B. in which C. on which D. for which 14 The investigation， ________ will soon be published， was made by john. A. at which the results B. the results on which C. whose results D. at whose results 15 Before her marriage， she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai， ________she belonged. A. which B. to where C. to which D. at which 16The experiment， ________ will soon be announced， was done by my colleagues. A. of whose results B. the results on which C. at which the results D. whose results 17 ________ is known to us all， the earth moves around the sun. A. Because B. For C. So D. As 18___ was pointed above， this substance can be used as a substitute. A. It B. That C. What D. As (成考教育网) (责任编辑:皮云萍) 成人学位英语考试从句专项练习二 2007年02月25日11:34 [我来说两句] [字号:大 中 小] 北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试 成人三级英语从句练习 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______, A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded, A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day, A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse， in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country, A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English， ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming， ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister， ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2，000 workers， two thirds of ____are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book， ______I can't remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake， ______Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine， ______for many years， is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what 32.He is working hard， ______will make him pass the final exam. A. that B. which C. for which D. who 33.That is not the way ______I do it. A./ B. which C. for which D. with which 34.I have two grammars， ______are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble， _______ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking， _______ is a bad habit， is， however， popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. —— Did you ask the guard _______ happened, —— Yes， he told me all _______ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers， _______ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days ________， he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn, A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall， _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week, A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game， _______ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens， _______ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been (成考教育网) (责任编辑:皮云萍) 备考经验:成人学位英语英译汉答题技巧 2007年02月25日11:39 [我来说两句] [字号:大 中 小] 1.总原则 (1)翻译时既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯 (2)翻译不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻译因死守原文语言形式而损害了原文思想内容。好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一 (3)能够直译尽量不意译 (4)翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达。 现就这一点作进一步论述。 2.结合英文写作特点对语言进行整体理解 首先，英文段落的首句一般为topic sentence，然后展开说明。展开的写法有多种，可分可总，可下定义，可同义重复，可以代词复指等。利用这一技巧，先通读全文，便能更好的理解文章的意思，把握段与段之间的关系，在翻译时就能在上下文中确定词义，从而进行准确的翻译. 其次，就具体而言: (1)对词的理解可以从构思法、词的搭配关系和词汇之间的逻辑关系等方面入手 (2)对句子的理解可以从句子的内在逻辑、成分之间的从属关系和句子的语法组成等方面来实现 (3)对于长句，可采用如下译法: 顺译法:按照原文顺序译 逆续法:顺序与原文顺序相反 重复法:重复前一个词 分译法:一个句子分成几个部分来翻译 括号法:在译文后加括号进行解释和说明等 终合法:综合运用上述各种方法 3.表达 正确理解原文后，还要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。这些技巧有: (1)增词法。根据需要增加一些词语，如名词等 (2)减词法。根据汉语习惯，删去一些词 (3)肯否表达法。原文为肯定句，译成汉语是为增强修饰效果，可以译为否定句。反之亦然 (4)变换法，名词译成动词或动词转译成名词等 (5)分合法。一个长句可分成若干部分来译，或者把原文的几个简单句用一个句子表达出来。 (6)省略法:两种语言由于存在差异，表达时不可能总是对等，经常可以省略一些词和句子成分，如英语中的冠词汉语里没有，译时可以省略 4.应试中还应注意的问题 (1)词的指代问题要搞清楚 (2)汉语知识的应用，如修辞等 (3)部分否定和否定重点。部分否定，如not all; 否定重点，如I don't teach because I have knowledge. (我并非因为有知识才去教书) 。否定重点为 because, 而不是teach。 (4)虚拟语气。这种语法现象有时并非只表示字面意思，它经常有感情色彩，译时要注意。 (5)要认真地通读全文，根据上下文来确定词义、句意，切不可断章取义，望文生义. 5.核对原文 既要核对译文是否准确、通顺，还要注意关键词的采分点。同时不要忘记全文结构的表达，这部分还有0.5分呢。 (成人本科学位英语网) (责任编辑:皮云萍) 成人学位英语考试答题技巧(一) 搜索时间:2007年01月09日10:40 passage life w我来说两句 精彩世界杯 精彩进球视频 来源:成考教育网 主题思想题在考试中出现的频率较高，因为这类题可考查考生抓主要信息的能力，而能够抓住文章的主要信息又是阅读能力的一个极为重要的方面。 这类题在设题时常会用到title， subject， main idea ， topic， theme等词。 常见的提问形式有以下几种: What is the main idea of the passage, Which of the following would be the best title, What‘s the best title for the passage, The main idea of the passage is that _____. This passage tells us _____. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage, What does the passage mainly discuss, 做这类题时常用略读法，把注意力放在抓主要信息上，不去过分注意细节事实，否则会 造成“只见树木，不见森林”的结果。通常的办法是，快速阅读文章时注意找出各段主题句。 英文文章各段主题句常放在段首，有时也放在段尾或段落中间，有时不明确写出，通读文章 后把各段主题句联系起来，一般就能得出文章主题。 就整篇文章来讲，首段和尾段一般对于解这类题更为重要。我们以97年统考试卷中阅读 理解部分的第一篇文章为例: How often one hears children wishing they were grown up， and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains， and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets. Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents， he is fed， looked after and loved ，whatever he may do .It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return .In addition ，life is always presenting new things to the child——things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-know. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things， or being punished for what he has done wrong. When the young man starts to earn his own living， he can no longer expect others to pay for his food， his clothes， and his room， but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child， he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents， he may go to prison. If however， he works hard， keeps out of trouble and has good health， he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society. 文章后面第四个问题是: The main idea of the passage is that _____. A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard C. childhood is the most enjoyable time in one‘s life D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life 文章的第一段讲的是人们常听说孩子们盼着长大成人，老年人则希望返老还童。人生的每个阶段总是欢乐伴着苦恼，而最幸福的人则是那些既享受人生每一阶段所带来的欢乐，又没有因虚度年华而终生后悔的人。第二段讲述了一个人儿童时代的欢乐与苦恼，第三段则告诉读者青年人的责任与义务，机遇和挑战。从以上三段文字来看，第一段中第二句即是主题句，所以我们应选D为正确答案。 阅读理解包括三篇短文，总阅读量不超过900个词。每篇短文后设5个问题，每题2分，共30分。所选短文内容包括人物传记、热门话题、社会、文化、日常知识、科普常识等。阅读理解题要求考生读后能掌握文章的主旨大意，了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节，并根据所读内容进行一定的判断和推论。 阅读理解题是一种综合性的技能测试，它不仅要求考生具有较强的理解能力，还要求考生要有一定的阅读速度。而通常影响阅读理解的主要有三大因素:词汇量、语法知识、背景知识。从前些年三级统考的实际情况看，考生们反映最困难是词汇量太小，其直接后果是感觉时间太紧，答不完试卷。至于后两项也是弱项的考生来说就更困难了。考生要在这一项上取得高分，除了要在词汇量、语法知识、背景知识三个方面多下功夫外，还必须学会掌握一些最基本的阅读技能，了解这部分试题的基本设题思路及解题方法和技巧。下面我分“阅读技巧”和“解题类型及应试技巧”两部分给同学们做详细介绍。 (一)阅读技巧 根据不同的阅读目的，可以采用不同的阅读方法，或称阅读技巧。一般来说，阅读方法有略读、寻读和细读三种。 (1)略读(Skimming) “略读”又称“浏览”，是指跳过细节，跳过不重要的描述与例子，进行快速阅读以求抓住文章的大意和主题思想的方法。阅读时速度要快，一般来说，250字左右的短文应在二、三分钟之内看完。略读时精力必须十分集中，不要去记忆细节，遇到个别生词或难懂的词句均可略过，以求对全文总体意思的了解。为了更好地抓住全文的中心思想，略读时要特别注 意文章的起始段和结束段以及文章中每一段的段首句和结尾句，因为它们往往是对文章内容最好的概括。 (2)寻读(Scanning) 寻读是快速寻找某一特殊信息的阅读方法。它的目的非常明确，即找到所需要的信息。日常生活中我们对这一方法并不陌生。例如从人群中找出你认识的朋友，从货架上找出你想购买的商品，在书架上寻找一本你要找的书，从一本指南中找出某个单位的地址等，都是利用这种方法。在寻读时，目光要自上而下，一目数行地寻视与答题相关的词句，与此无关的内容要很快掠过。当回答who， when， where等有关文章细节时，我们用这种方法很快就能找到答案。 (3)细读(Reading for full understanding) 细读是在找到文章中的有关部分以后，在此范围内逐句阅读，特别要对关键词、句仔细琢磨，以便对其有比较深刻、准确的理解。不仅要理解其字面意思，还要通过推理和判断，弄清文章中字里行间所隐含的意思。在细读的过程中，对没有学过的生词，可根据上下文的背景知识来推测其词义;对难以看懂的长句，可借助语法手段，对其加以分析，以达到正确理解的目的。 总之，在阅读一篇文章的过程中，我们应根据不同的要求，采用不同的阅读方法，对有些阅读理解问题知其大意即可，另一些需要寻读，而少数则需要细心推敲。在三级统考中我们应当充分利用以上三种阅读方法，即用“略读”法浏览全文，以求抓住文章的大意和主题思想。在此基础上根据问题的要求，采用寻读或细读的方法来解答问题。 成人学位英语考试答题技巧(二) 搜索时间:2007年01月09日10:50 lincoln passag我来说两句 精彩世界杯 精彩进球视频 来源:成考教育网 (二)解题类型及应试技巧 (1) 主题思想常见提问方式及答题技巧 主题思想题在考试中出现的频率较高，因为这类题可考查考生抓主要信息的能力，而能 够抓住文章的主要信息又是阅读能力的一个极为重要的方面。 这类题在设题时常会用到 title， subject， main idea ， topic， theme等词。常见的提问 形式有以下几种: What is the main idea of the passage, Which of the following would be the best title, What‘s the best title for the passage, The main idea of the passage is that _____. This passage tells us _____. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage, What does the passage mainly discuss, 做这类题时常用略读法，把注意力放在抓主要信息上，不去过分注意细节事实，否则会 造成“只见树木，不见森林”的结果。通常的办法是，快速阅读文章时注意找出各段主题句。 英文文章各段主题句常放在段首，有时也放在段尾或段落中间，有时不明确写出，通读文章 后把各段主题句联系起来，一般就能得出文章主题。 就整篇文章来讲，首段和尾段一般对于解这类题更为重要。我们以97年统考试卷中阅读 理解部分的第一篇文章为例: How often one hears children wishing they were grown up， and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains， and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets. Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents， he is fed， looked after and loved ，whatever he may do .It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return .In addition ，life is always presenting new things to the child——things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-know. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things， or being punished for what he has done wrong. When the young man starts to earn his own living， he can no longer expect others to pay for his food， his clothes， and his room， but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child， he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents， he may go to prison. If however， he works hard， keeps out of trouble and has good health， he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society. 文章后面第四个问题是: The main idea of the passage is that _____. A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard C. childhood is the most enjoyable time in one‘s life D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life 文章的第一段讲的是人们常听说孩子们盼着长大成人，老年人则希望返老还童。人生的每个阶段总是欢乐伴着苦恼，而最幸福的人则是那些既享受人生每一阶段所带来的欢乐，又没有因虚度年华而终生后悔的人。第二段讲述了一个人儿童时代的欢乐与苦恼，第三段则告诉读者青年人的责任与义务，机遇和挑战。从以上三段文字来看，第一段中第二句即是主题句，所以我们应选D为正确答案。 (2) 主要事实和细节题设题思路及答题技巧 主要事实和细节题就是我们平时所说的由who ，what ，where ，when ，why ，which ，how引出的问题。这是极为常见的阅读理解题。这类题主要是针对论证支持主题的事实或例证设题，可能涉及数学计算、概念理解以及是非判断等。 这类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行细读，找出问题答案。 这类题提问的形式多种多样，常见的有以下几种: Which of the following (statements) is Not mentioned in the passage, According to the passage，which of the following statements is true, According to the passage， all of the following are true except _____ How many„, What„, Why„, 解这类题时，审题是关键，首先一定得看清问题。比如一句结论性的话后边到底是„is true，还是is not true.另外，由于细节题比较容易，有时为了增加测试难度，命题人员在 题干或选项中要增加一些文字或意义上的干扰。所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模一样的现 成答案。 我们引用2002年试题为例。 On November 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere. It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night， alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked ， “I have failed again.” On the train back to Washington， he said sadly， “That speech was a flat failure， and the people are disappointed.” Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made. Today， every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history. 文章的最后一题是: Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage, A. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning. B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is simple in style. C. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American schoolchild. D. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States. 答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到。“他的演讲含义深刻、风格简朴;如今美国所 有的在校的学生都能背诵他的演讲”;文章中他谈到:“现在所有的人都认为他的演讲是美 国历史上最好的演讲之一。”而不是美国最好的演讲。所以D是错误的。 (3) 推理性试题常见提问方式及答题技巧 推理性试题大多含有infer ，imply ，suggest ，conclude，(most)probably等关键 词。以下是一些常见的提问方式: It can be inferred from the passage that _____. The passage implies that _____. The passage suggests that _____. What is implied in the passage, The paragraph following (proceeding) this passage probably will discuss (discusses)_____. 推理性试题不能从文章中直接找到答案。解这类题需要考生在正确理解原文语言字面意 义的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法去理解文章字里行间的意义。对原文中找到的所有相关信 息要进行仔细分析，摸清它们相互之间时间、方位、因果、对比等逻辑关系，在此基础上进 行综合推理，选定答案。 我们仍以2002年试题中的阅读理解文章为例。 On November 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere. It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked ， “I have failed again.” On the train back to Washington， he said sadly， “That speech was a flat failure， and the people are disappointed.” Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made. Today， every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history. 文章后面的第五题就是一个推理性试题。 It can be inferred from the text that _____. A. Lincoln prepared his speech very carefully before he went to Gettysburg B. Lincoln was very busy at the time and didn't have much time to prepare his speech C. Lincoln's speech was full of rich words D. Lincoln's speech was very long 文章的第二段有这样的话:“It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night， alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech.”“据说林肯是在去葛底斯堡的火车上准备他的 演讲的。那天深夜，在宾馆的房间里，他既孤独又疲倦，只是又简单准备了一下。”所以通 过这些句子我们可以判断林肯非常的忙，没有更多的时间准备他的演讲，B是正确答案。A， C， D，均不符合文章的内容。 成人学位英语考试答题技巧(三) 搜索market author 时间:2007年01月09日10:55 我来说两句 精彩世界杯 精彩进球视频 来源:成考教育网 (4) 词汇题设题形式及答题技巧 词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、某个词组甚至某个句子含义的题型。其中所询问的 词、词组或句子，往往不为考生所熟悉，但又能在文中找到线索进行推测，所以这类考题是 检查考生是否具备根据一个词、词组或句子所处的特定环境来判断其意义的能力。 解答这类试题时，考生应首先 明白，任何词或词语都不是孤立 的，它或它们所在的上下文往往能 提供重要的线索。某个定义、解释、甚至标点符号、关联词都可以帮助考生推测一些词或词 语的意义，除此之外，我们还必须注意所测试的词或词语与其前后一些词形成的同义、反义、 并列和指代等关系。 这类题常见的提问方式有以下几种: The word “ „ ”in line 5 refers to„„„ The word “„ ”(Line 6. para.2) most probably means _____. By “„ ”，the author means _____. The word “„ ”could best be replaced by which of the following, which of the following is nearest in meaning to “„ ”, In para.2，the sentence “„„ ” probably means “„„ ” 我们以2002年阅读第二篇文章为例: The market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion. They are closely related as the lips and teeth， so to speak. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market. In the international market， goods on sale coming from different countries and suppliers are always facing keen competition. Under such circumstances， they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions. In making investigations， we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market， what prices they are quoting (报价)， what features their products have， who are their regular customers， etc. Then， how can we obtain such information, There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work. The commercial counselor's offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations. Nowadays， our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then. One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot. Certainly， face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information. The Chinese Export Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities. Of course ， there are some other ways of making market investigations. 文章的第三题是词汇题。 The word “indispensable” in the first line means_____. A. impossibleB. essentialC. advisableD. available “indispensable ”在文章的第一段的第一行。从它后面的句子:“市场调查和促销的 关系就像牙齿和嘴唇的关系一样紧密。”接着又说:“生产是为了销售，如果没有事先的市 场调查，销售就不可能成功。”又根据所给的四个选项，B:必不可少的，必需的。最合适。 以下介绍几种通过上下文推断词义的行之有效的方法。 1、标点符号是理解词义的一条重要线索，因为有些词的定义是通过标点符号，如破折号， 括号，冒号等来完成的。如: Sometimes we work on night shift—— from 11:30 p . m to 7:30 a.m 从破折号后的说明，我们可以断定“night shift”是“夜班”的意思。 2、有些信号词如:is called， means， that is， is， or， define as， refer to 等通常是针对某一词汇的定义、解释或说明。如: One sort of crimes which particularly worries people is juvenile delinquency， that is， crimes committed by young people. 从that is的解释来看，我们可以断定“juvenile delinquency”即 “青少年犯罪”。 3、举例可以帮助我们理解词义。对于有些重要的词汇，作者常在词后自带解释或例子。 因此，根据例子可猜出词义。如: You may select any of these periodicals :Time Magazine， Newsweek， Reader′s Digest or The New Yorker. 从后边列举的时代周刊、新闻周刊等流行期刊，我们可以断定“periodical”即“期刊杂志”。 4、靠形成反差、对照的词或词组猜出词义。常见的这些词或词组有while， whereas， unlike， but， yet， although， however， in contrast， on the other hand， rather than 等。如: Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time. 文章的while作“而，却”解，由此我们可以断定“reticent”作“沉默寡言的”解。 5、凭借常识和经验猜测词义。如: The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. 只要你知道so that这个结构，凭借常识就应猜出“lintel”的意思是“过梁，上门梁”。 6、根据构词法来猜测词义。熟悉英语词汇的构词法，特别是派生词的构成方法及词义，可以帮助我们在阅读过程中有效地猜测词义，提高阅读速度，准确答题。 考生应特别注意英语词缀的某些特点。如，一般来说前缀只增加或改变一个词的意义，但并不改变其词性。例如:supermarket(超市)，foretell (预言)，dissatisfied(不满意的)uncomfortably(不舒服地)等。而后缀不但可以增加或改变一个词的意义，而且改变其词性。如washable变动词“洗”为形容词“可洗的”，normalize变形容词“正常的”为动词“使„„正常化”，beginner变动词“开始”为名词“初学者”，childless则由名词“小孩”变为形容词“无子女的”。只要知道词根的意义，又熟悉前缀和后缀表示的意义，就不难判断这些词的词义。 (5) 询问作者写作目或态度的常见提问方式及答题技巧 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。这种题型常见的提问形式有: The author seems _____. The author‘s tone in this passage is _____. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____. The author‘s intention in writing the passage is to _____. The writer probably feels that _____. In the author‘s opinion， _____. 这类考题中，询问语气态度的题，选择项里常出现以下一些重要的词:sympathetic 同情的;critical批评的; doubtful怀疑的;objective客观的;enthusiastic热情的，matter-of-fact实事求是的;hostile 敌对的;satisfied满意的;friendly友好的;indifferent冷淡的;subjective主观的;optimistic乐观的;pessimistic悲观的;disappointed失望的;neutral中立的。 询问写作目的的题，选择项里常出现的词是: explain解释;persuade劝说;comment评论; criticize批评;interest引起„„的注意或兴趣; entertain使欢乐;argue辩论;demonstrate举例说明，示范; tell讲述;prove 证明;urge激动;advise劝告;analyze分析; praise赞扬，view看待，等等。 例: One bright spot in the U.S. economy in 1979 was the surprising decline in gasoline use. Rising fuel costs are finally prodding Americans to cut back on consumption， and the need for this becomes more acute all the time. 有关作者态度或观点的问题是: How does the author view the decline in gas consumption, A. He is indifferent.B. He thinks it is a good sign. C. He doesn‘t see the need for it.D. He is unhappy about it. 作者把“the decline in gas consumption”描述为“one bright spot in the U.S economy”，可见答案应该是B. 除了要掌握基本的阅读方法和前面讲到的应试技巧以外，要想在规定的时间内，既能准确又能快速地回答好所有问题，考生还应注意以下几点: 1、考生应针对文章的不同题材和题型，选择不同的阅读方法。有时需要先浏览文章，后看题目;有时则不然。但通常情况下，应首先确定文章的主旨或主题，然后再审读问题。在 绝大多数情况下我们的答题步骤应该是(1)预先快速浏览题干和每段首句，确定哪些是重点和相关因素，知道所设问题的类型，做到心中有数。(2)快速阅读文章，了解文章大意和重点，尽快扫描，读到与刚才所记住的与题干有关的内容，先用铅笔做些记号，快速在答案中选出一个临时答案，然后继续阅读。(3)用最快速度重读问题，找出心中已经有把握的答案位置。再阅读一遍该段有关材料，尽快答完有把握的问题。对那些尚未作答的题目，再用上述方法一口气重读一遍文章，这次应找出更微妙的线索，集中精力解决难题。 2、一般来说，除了主旨及推论型题目以外，题目顺序与文章的情节发展是一致的，因此应按题目顺序解题。 3、文章较难时，不必紧张，根据语言学科的测试规律，如果文章难则问题比较简单。只要能很好地应用阅读技巧，就不难找到正确答案。另外，文章偏长也不一定就难，因为在较长的篇幅中，其词汇，句子结构的复杂程度要相对容易些。 4、阅读过程中，可以在文章或问题旁空白处做些记号，也可以对一些与答题有关的词句划线。还可以标出一些关键词，尤其是文章的论点、论据及一些有关事实，以避免遗忘或回顾时浪费时间。 5、回答问题时不能按照个人的主观臆断，回答问题的根据应该建立在阅读文章的基础上。 成人英语三级培养强大的猜词能力 搜索阅读 loquaciou时间:2007年01月09日10:35 我来说两句 精彩世界杯 精彩进球视频 来源:成考教育网 北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试已经告一段落，因2007年上半年备考周期短，刘本证老师提醒考生提前做好计划。针对考生因词汇量不够而做不对阅读理解题的情况，刘本政老师提出几点建议。 大多考生在阅读时会不可避 免地遇到些生词，频繁地查字典实 在不是一个上策，那样即耽误了阅读时间又中断了阅读思路，使大脑处于“停机”状态，阅读理解的质量当然就会很差。那又 如何是好呢, 其实，阅读的目的在于获得整个句子、整个段落、乃至整个篇章的思想，而不是各个孤立的词汇的意义。成人英语三级考试中的阅读，考查的是考生对段落中心思想整体把握的能力，只要能获得阅读材料的主要信息，并随后能用自己的话加以陈述，一两个生词不会有什么大碍。 巨大的词汇量是高质量的阅读的基础。但当遇到生词时总查字典又不现实，那么我们不妨利用上下文来推测。已有词汇量加上强大的猜词本领有助于阅读速度和阅读能力的提高。 1.根据定义、解释猜测词义 定义线索是用别的单词或短语来为一个陌生单词或短语下定义或作解释。 例如:Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学 ”。 Decision-thinking is not unlike poker„„ This card game has often been of considerable interest to people. 在此句中，如果我们不知道“poker”的词义，不需要查字典，可通过定义线索获得“poker is king of card game” . 2.根据复述(同位语、定语等) 同位语 Semantics， the study of the meaning of words， is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科” .该短语与前面生词semantics式 同位关系，因此我们不难猜出 semantics指“语义学”。 3.根据举例 如:The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争 ”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出 epochal的 大致词义“重要的 ”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。 4.根据对比关系 例:Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 该句中副词similarly表明短语 loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。 以此可以推断出 loquacious词义为“健谈的”。表示比较关系的词和短语主要是 similarly，like，just as ，also等。 5.根据比喻关系 例:Fuel is to cars what food is to men. 通过句中的比喻关系，我们得知 fuel对于汽车来说就像食物对于人那么重要，由此，我们可知 fuel应是“燃料 ”的意思。 6.根据同义词的替代 Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental四个生词，但判断出harmful 替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义 为 “不利的，有害的”。 7.有时也可根据一般性常识/生活经验猜测词义 e.g:In the strong wind， the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 在这个句子中，根据常识，我们可以猜出“shivered”是“打抖 ”。 e.g:Garlic is not as mild as its cousins， the onion and the leek. It has one of the strongest flavors known to man. 在此句中，如果你不理解“garlic”，凭借你的常识，你可以猜出它是一种味道很浓的食物。 8.也可根据词形构造猜测词义 More recently， scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations. form是词根， formation“形式”，mal-:构词前缀，可表示“坏、恶、不良”，还可表示“不、不正常、不当、非法。” malformation的意思就应该是“畸形。”更多的例子如:malnutrition: 营养不良;malconduct:(公职人员的)胡作非为;maladjustive: 引起失调的;不利调节的。 当然，要想做到这一点，就必须掌握英语常用的前缀、后缀及词根的意义。