12 American FP

nullChapter 12 American Foreign PolicyChapter 12 American Foreign PolicyI. What is foreign policy? I. What is foreign policy? definition Distinguish from foreign affairs and diplomacy and also domestic policy Who makes foreign policy? Who makes foreign policy? The Machinery of Foreign Policy: Government level Legislative body Non-government actors Foreign Policymaking: The Constitutional ContextForeign Policymaking: The Constitutional ContextThe formal Division of Power Sidestepping the Constitution 1. Government actors 1. Government actors President-centered model: Sole Organ President’s top aids Professional actorsProfessional actorsState Dept., Defense Dept. The CIA & the Intelligence Community National Security Council Energy Dept. Agricultural Dept. Commerce Dept. Import & Export Banks President’s Trade Representative, 2. Legislative Body2. Legislative BodyBoth Chambers of the House and particularly the Foreign Affairs Committee of House and International Relations of Senate, their chairmen and membersActive individual membersActive individual membersIndividual members tend to be more actively involved in foreign affairs than ever Motives for active response Impact on foreign policy makingThe American Perspective on Hard and Soft Power file:///I:/The%20American%20Perspective%20on%20Hard%20and%20Soft%20Power%20%20The%20National%20Interest%20Blog.mhtThe American Perspective on Hard and Soft Power file:///I:/The%20American%20Perspective%20on%20Hard%20and%20Soft%20Power%20%20The%20National%20Interest%20Blog.mhtExcellent speech. My tiny gripe would be that Americans are quite militarist. How else do you explain the fact that Congress has never failed to issue a declaration of war when asked; Congress and Americans roll over like puppy dogs when war is started without a declaration; and it takes years, thousands of American lives and tens of thousands of causalities to get a majority of Americans to turn against a war. 3. Non-government actors3. Non-government actorsSpecial interest groups Public opinion & the media Multinational corporations Foreign agents Individual actors Influence of non-government actors over foreign policyInfluence of non-government actors over foreign policyPluralism of foreign policy decision making process Transparency of decision making process Spill-over effectII. Three Dilemmas of Democratic Foreign PolicyII. Three Dilemmas of Democratic Foreign Policy1. Governmental checks & balances versus concentration of presidential power 2. Process versus output 3. Broad democratic participation versus foreign policy making by a small eliteCheck & balance vs. concentration of presidential powerCheck & balance vs. concentration of presidential powerOn the one hand if the president is limited sufficiently to protect American democracy, the danger is that he may also become so enfeebled that he will not be able to defend effectively the nation’s interests. On the other, if he accumulates enough power to act with necessary authority, dispatch, & secrecy to protect the nation, he may become so powerful that he will erode the restraints on his power that were intended to preserve the constitutional nature of the political system.So its consequence is So its consequence is What is virtue domestically might become a vice internationally, as the nation falls victim to its democratic organization; and what is a virtue externally might become a vice internationally, as the nation loses its democratic soul in seeking to protect its democratic order from foreign threats.Process versus outputProcess versus outputIn domestic politics, the emphasis is on widespread participation of many different groups & interests in society & government & the reconciliation of their diverse & conflicting interests. In foreign policy, only when the president has the capacity to act quickly can he mobilize the nation to defeat an enemy. But conflicts between president & Congress, between Democrats & Republicans undermine such support.Broad democratic participation versus foreign policy making by a small eliteBroad democratic participation versus foreign policy making by a small eliteToo many cooks spoil the broth seems to be the adage. Most cooks are assumed to be amateurs. So bureaucratic/governmental politics and rational choice are the opposite models for foreign policy decision makingIII. U.S. Values & Interests: The Historical ContextIII. U.S. Values & Interests: The Historical ContextFrom Isolationism to Globalism Containment & Korea Cold War Commitments under Eisenhower & Kennedy Vietnam: The Challenge to America’s Foreign Policy Consensus Carter’s Search for a New Foreign Policy Foreign Policy under Reagan Bush & the New World Order Conflicting Policy Paradigms & America’s Foreign Policy GoalsTests of StrengthTests of StrengthContainment Iron Curtain Truman Doctrine The Cuban Missile Crisis A Period of Detente Sole Superpower in Post-Cold War Era Counter-terrorism & American FP美教授称美是头号恐怖主义国家 盟国是帮凶 美教授称美是头号恐怖主义国家 盟国是帮凶 据台湾中央社2010年8月9日消息，美国麻省理工学院荣誉教授诺姆•乔姆斯基9日指出，美国口口声声说要反恐，其实美国才是“头号恐怖主义国家”，美国的盟友如日、韩等都是帮凶。 　　报道称，乔姆斯基指出，为保护美国利益，美国长期以来介入世界各地军事冲突，包括中国上世纪20年代至50年代的国共战争、越战、两伊战争，以及对伊拉克、阿富汗发起军事行动等，大规模军事行动带来了毁灭性的破坏，使当地人民生活在水深火热之中，但美国利益却因此得以确保。 　　他以“黑社会”来形容美国领导的全球体系，说美国扮演的就是“教父”，还称“美国会利用其他国家帮助保护美国利益”。而对于中国，乔姆斯基不认为美国会因中国的发展而逐渐失去控制世界能力。他 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示，美国近来一直要求中国承担国际责任，其实是美国要求中国“照我们的意思去做”。 乔姆斯基是麻省理工学院语言学的荣誉退休教授，他被誉为“20世纪全球十位最伟大科学家”之一。他是美国激进派政治人物的最著名代表之一，身为犹太裔美国人，乔姆斯基长期批评美国的霸权主义。 见http://world.huanqiu.com/roll/2010-08/1000080.htmlIV. Foreign Policy ProcessIV. Foreign Policy ProcessV. Foreign Policy Traditions and TheoriesV. Foreign Policy Traditions and TheoriesFour Traditions of American foreign policy Madisonian: weak president FP Jeffersonian: interventionism Jacksonian: power politics or realism Wilsonian: idealism City upon Hill, Manifesto Destiny, Puritan tradition, evangelicalForeign Policy TheoriesForeign Policy TheoriesIsolationism Idealism Realism Internationalism Discussion: what are the American foreign policy theories?American Global StrategyAmerican Global StrategyAmerican strategy, as Brzezinski claims in his Great Chess Game, is to maintain its sole hegemonic status, and suppress any country that dares to challenge it, & especially those with potential power capacity from both ends of Eurasia. Both Russia and China are such candidates, particularly China right now is more likely to be deterred.How shall we review at US hegemony as a world police?How shall we review at US hegemony as a world police?Argue for Argue against commentsIV. US-China RelationsIV. US-China RelationsReview of history: From foe to friend to rival Full diplomatic relationship Three communiques and one Act Problems facing the bilateral relations The future trend of US China policy Countermeasures China should adoptCurrent issuesCurrent issuesGlobal economic crisis Trade and investment Currency policy Regional security – 6PT Environmental issues/Climate change Human rights and religious freedom奥巴马的“电话外交”奥巴马的“电话外交”