初中情态动词用法总结

专项：情态动词 一 考点： 情态动词的用法和辨析，情态动词 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示推测和可能，由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。 二 类型：1 只是情态动词：can, could, may, might, must 2 可做情态动词，可做实义动词：need, dare 3 可做情态动词，可做助动词： will, would, shall, should 4 特殊：have to, ought to, used to 三 特征：1 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。 2 无人称和数的变化。（have to 除外） Eg: He has to stay here. 3 后接动词原形。 4 具有助动词作用，可构成否定，疑问或简短回答。 四 用法： 1. can ① 表示能力，“能，会”。Eg : Can you play basketball? ② 表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句或疑问句。 Eg :Li hua can’t be in the classroom. ③ 表示请求，允许，多用于口语，译“可以”= may. Eg: you can go now. ④can 开头的疑问句，肯定句，否定句用can或 can’t. 2.could ①can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。 Eg :I could swim when I was seven years old. ②could 开头的疑问句，肯定和否定回答用could, couldn’t如果could 表示现在的委婉，用can 回答。 Eg: Could I have a drink? Yes, you can. 3.may ① 表示推测，“可能，也许”，用于肯定句。 Eg: He may come tomorrow. ② 表示请求，“许可,可以”。Eg:May I borrow your book? 注：表示请求，许可时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回答用mustn’t“不可以，禁止，不许”,不用may not“可能不”。 ③表示祝愿。Eg :May you success. 4.might ①表示“可以”，用于过去时中。 Eg: He told me I might smoke in the room. ②用于现在时，表示说话更委婉，礼貌。 Eg:He might be doing his lessons now. 5.must ①表示“必须，应该”。 ②表示推测“一定”。 Eg:There is someone knocking at the door.It must be Jim. ③否定句中，mustn’t 表示禁止，“不允许”。 ④以must 开头的疑问句，肯定句回答用must,否定回答用needn’t , 表示“不需要，不必”=“don’t have to”. ⑤表示“偏偏”。Eg: Must you play the piano at this time. 6.need ①情态动词：+do,用need 提问或回答，肯定句回答用must ,否定句回答用needn’t. Eg: You needn’t come to school so early. ②实义动词：+to do ,用助动词提问和否定。 ③+doing 表示被动。 ④needn’t have done 表示没必要做某事但是做了。 Eg: I actually needn’t have bought so much wine. 7.dare ①情态动词，多用于疑问句，否定句，条件句中。 Eg: I’m afraid you dare not to do such a thing. 注：I dare say 习惯说成“也许，我想”。 Eg: It will rain this afternoon, I dare say. ②实义动词：dare to do ,用于肯定句中，当用于否定句或疑问句时，to 可以省略。Eg: This student doesn’t dare to raise any question in class. 8.shall ①用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。 Eg: Shall I open the window? Shall we have lunch here? ②表示说话人的态度，“命令，警告，允诺，威胁”。 Eg: You shall finish your homework first. ③用于第三人称，在条约， 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 ，法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须”。（不常用） 9.should ①表示义务，责任“应该”。Eg:We should obey traffic laws. ②作为shall 过去式，用于第一三人称，表示征求意见。Eg:Mr lee asked if he should get his visa. ③表示“竟然”。 Eg: It’s unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song. ④表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇，愤怒，失望等。 Eg: How should I know? ⑤表示劝告，建议，“应该”。 Eg: You should listen to your teacher. 10.will ①用于第二人称表示询问，请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。Eg: Will you pass me the book? ②表示意愿，决定，允诺，用于各种人称。 Eg: I will try my best to help you. ③表示规律性的“注定会”。 Eg: People will die without air or water. 11.would ①表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。 Eg: Would you tell me the way to the station? 12.have to ①“必须，不得不”，强调客观需要，含有时态的变化。 Eg: I’ll have to ask Jim instead. ②区别：must 表示“必须，应该“，主观看法。 13.ought to ①表示职责，义务或要求，及人们应该去做的正确的事或好事。Eg: Humans ought to stop polluting nature. ②比should 语气强，ought to 反映客观情况，should表示主观看法。 ③ought to have done 本应该做而没有做。 Eg: You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier. 14.used to ①表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的时间状语连用。否定形式：usedn’t to 或didn’t use to ,疑问词将use提前或Did…use to …? Eg: He didn’t use to be so careless. ②区别 would :带有主观性，并且现在做不做不知道。Used to :客观性，和现在进行对比，过去常常，现在就不怎么做了。 Eg: He would phone me on Sunday. Eg: I used to be very fond of music when I was young. ③区别：be used to doing （情态动词）习惯于… Used to do （情态动词）过去是，过去常常… Be used to do (过去式) 被用来做… Eg: I am already used to noisy city life here. My parents used to live in South America. This machine is used to cut up waste paper. 15.其他：⑴had better do 最好做某事 Eg: You had better stay at home. 否定：had better not do ⑵be able to 与can 表示能力时用法相同，但前者有时态的变化，有能力成功做某事。 Eg: We will be able to come back next week. 专题练习： 1( ) 1 John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must ( ) 2 They ___ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to ( ) 3 -May I take this book out? -No, you___. A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren’t ( ) 4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would ( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I____. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not 2( ) 1 -He___ be in the classroom, I think. -No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn’t ( ) 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? -Thanks, but you___, I've had enough. A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn’t ( ) 3 Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it       be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need ( ) 4 He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to ( ) 5 ___ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do 3( ) 1 The children___ play football on the road. A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must ( ) 2 You ___ be late for school again next time. A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to ( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once? -No, you___. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not 4( ) 1 His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. don't have to C. haven't to D. doesn't have to ( ) 2 He had to give up the plan, ___ he? A. did B. didn't C. does D. doesn't ( ) 3 They had to walk here, ___ they? A. mustn't B. did C. didn't D. hadn't 5( ) 1 He had better stay here, ___ he? A. didn't B. don't C. hadn't D. isn't ( ) 2 You'd better___late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. won't be D. don't be ( ) 3 You'd better ___ your hair ___ once a month. A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted ( ) 4 You___ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 6( ) 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try ( ) 2 -Why don't you ask Mike to go with us? -Thanks, ___. A. I will B. I won't C. lean D. I may ( ) 3 -___ I take the newspaper away? -No, you mustn't. You____read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must 7( ) 1 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup? A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must ( ) 2 ___ you like to have another try? A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do ( ) 3 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, ___.A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do 8( ) 1 You___ worry about your son. He will get well soon. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. have to ( ) 2 The poor man needs our help, ___ he? A. need B. needn't C. does D. doesn't ( ) 3 -Must we do our homework first? -No, you___. You may have a rest first. A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can't 6