国际商务英语教程第三版14-28单元课后答案

14. I.1.Get letters, documents and packages delivered overnight. 2.Handle nearly 2 million packages and documents per day 3.Own a large number of airplanes, trucks and vans for handling delivery 4.Ensure that most of its flights arrive within fifteen minutes of schedule 5.Use a combination of direct services and independent contractors for international deliveries 6.Promote the company's record of efficiency and on time delivery 7.Face intense competition from electronic mail 8.Businesses need to be able to communicate quickly with employees around the world 9.Offer international service to over one hundred countries 10.An adverse impact which losses in international operations have on a firm's earnings 11.Increase a company's fixed costs of international operations 12.Experience poor sales performance due to very stiff competition 13.Have difficulty in building a global infrastructure to support its operations 14.Try to improve its services through more sophisticated computers II.1.Businesses and individuals in the United States and the whole world benefit greatly from the overnight letter,document and package delivery service handled by Federal Express. 2.Federal Express has up-do-date means of transport,highly efficient service centers and facilities, and loyal and hardworking employees, which ensures the quick and punctual fulfillment of its delivery service. 3.To promote its delivery service, Federal Express motivates its employees by offering them excellent training and compensation, so that they have very high level of service and efficiency. 4.Despite its remarkable business performance, Federal Express is faced with fierce competition from its rivals in its business operations, with the result of a considerable loss of its market share. 5.Although it has experienced many difficulties and setbacks in its business operations, Federal Express is convinced that, by improving its service through more sophisticated computers and customer relations, it can certainly succeed in attaining further overseas expansion. Revision Exercises(LL.8-14) I.1.in 2.in 3.with 4.for 5.to 6.of 7.on 8.in 9.to 10.with 11.on 12.with 13.from 14.of 15.by 16.in II.1.along with 2.importers 3.ensure 4.advertise 5.establishing 6.existing 7.blueprint 8.in contrast with 9.in spite of 10.was subject to 11.were aimed at 12.are likely to 13.prevailing 14.affect 15.regardless of 16.extent III.1.the government will provide them with preferential loans and relatively cheap raw materials 2.The central bank of that Latin American country is likely to 3.has played a significant role in the rapid economic growth of this country 4.specializing in the manufacture of transformers 5.will lead to price fluctuations and a slowdown in the improvement in the living conditions of inhabitants 6.has enabled China's existing industrial enterprises to raise labor productivity, increase output and improve product quality. 7.will promote the economic development of Shanghai, the Yangtse Delta and the whole country 8.on the basis of the trade agreements reached with them 9.there is no doubt that their export value will decline obviously 10.consisting of a group of renowned economists 11.amounted to 2 billion U.S. Dollars, an increase of 15 percent over the year before 12.has created conditions for the further development and opening up of that city 13.will contribute to the expansion of economic and trade cooperation between China and Spain 14.regardless of any difficulties and risks IV.1.At that time, taking advantage of his participation in an export commodity fair in Los Angeles, the presentative of this company producing household electric appliances got acquainted with many foreign entrepreneurs and businessmen so as to create favorable conditions for the development of the company's overseas business in the future. 2.As far back as the mid-1980s, the government made great efforts to build highway and communication facilities in that economic development zone in order to create conditions for the vigorous economic development in the 1990s and beyond. 3.In order to further expand opening-up, the government has allowed the branches of foreign banks in China to conduct RMB deposit and lending business so that they can play an important role in China's economic development. 4.With a serious shortage of foreign exchange, this Latin American country has continuously cut down on imports, leading to an inadequate supply of many machinery and equipment and raw materials and a sustained decline in industrial production in the country. 5.The statistics issued by China's Customs General Administration show that, on November 20, 2004 China's total export and import value topped 1 trillion U.S. Dollars, which became a new milestone in the development of the country's foreign trade, implying that China will become the world's third largest international trader next only to the United States and Germany. 6.The foreign exchange system recently promulgated by Bank of China is aimed at stimulating domestic enterprises to expand exports and increase export earnings and encouraging overseas Chinese to make more remittance to their motherland. 7.Recently, the commerce minister of that country stated at a press conference that, on the basis of some regulations promulgated by the World Trade Organization, the country would soon negotiate with some developed countries about bilateral economic and trade relations. 8.At that time, despite its major economic difficulties, China still provided some less developed countries with economic and technological assistance and helped them overcome various difficulties. 9.Foreign investors have benefited a lot from China's policy of opening up, because that policy has enabled them to invest in a country having a huge market and reap enormous profits. 10.With China's further expansion of its opening-up, foreign companies are permitted and encouraged by the Chinese government to make investments in such industries as commerce, banking and insurance other than manufacturing. 11.In recent years, as a result of utilizing foreign capital and advanced foreign technology, China's auto industry has developed steadily and its output and product quality have risen, so that it has not only met the growing needs of the domestic market but has also continuously expanded exports. 12.That year, the heads of state of France, Germany and some other European countries visited China in succession and each of them was accompanied by a China visiting group consisting of nearly a hundred people including senior business executives, bringing about various types of Sino-European business cooperation including investments in infrastructure and the establishment of joint venture. 13.In the late 1990s, manufactured exports of that developing country accounted for 60 percent of its total exports, as opposed to only 18 percent in the 1970s, reflecting the rapid development of that country's manufacturing and the evident rise in the international competitiveness of its manufactured goods. 14.After entering the 21st century, the U.S. Economy obviously worsened, which was characterized by a substantial decline in its growth rate, a marked reduction in production and domestic market sales and a sharp drop in stock prices. 15.The spokesman of the Chinese ministry of commerce recently told the press that the new measures adopted by the Chinese government not long ago were aimed at encouraging foreign investors to make investments in China's central and western regions. 15. I.1.International investments which are aimed at earning higher returns abroad 2.Take advantage of higher returns on securities abroad to earn more money 3.Buyers of foreign securities who expect yield maximization 4.Take account of the great variability in the market value of foreign securities 5.A sharp reduction in returns arising from the drastic fall in the market prices of foreign securities 6.Measure the risk associated with investments in foreign stocks and bonds 7.Higher returns on direct investments resulting from higher growth rates abroad 8.Retain direct control over unique production knowledge 9.Large corporations which do not want to license foreign producers 10.Avoid tariffs and other restrictions imposed on imports 11.Large-scale direct investment made in manufacturing in foreign countries 12.Obtain the necessary financing to enter a new foreign market 13.Exert direct control over the operations of the subsidiaries around the world 14.Facilitate and encourage multinational corporations' direct investments abroad II.1. International investments consist mainly of international portfolio investment and direct foreign investments, with the former referring to portfolio investments in the form of purchasing stocks and bonds and the latter referring to undertaking production or other business activities. 2. After the second world war, in order to maximize profits, industrialized countries made different types of direct investments in all parts of the world as well as making great efforts to increase merchandise and services exports. 3. There is no doubt that developing countries' abundant natural resources, cheap labour and various incentives will certainly attract developed countries' large corporations to make enormous direct investments in those countries and enable them to reap huge profits. 4. Since the 1970s, developed countries' direct investments in developing countries have increasingly taken the form of establishing joint ventures with local capital so as to obtain preferential treatment and prevent their firms from being nationalized by the host countries. 5. Many multinational corporations of major developed countries undertake production, processing and marketing on a global basis and their branches and subsidiaries spread all over the world. 16. I.1. The competitive advantage of MNCs in international markets 2. Maximize the company's annual sales 3. The establishment of a global network of distribution 4. Shift production facilities to low-wage nations and regions 5. The possibility of obtaining foreign market information 6. Provide its foreign subsidiaries with new-type machinery and equipment 7. Some products are overpriced and some other products are underpriced 8. Engage in developing and manufacturing high-technology products 9. Impose(place) restrictions on the transfer of highly sophisticated technology 10. Exercise strict control over the quality of products 11.Do harm to the reputation and economic strength of the parent firm 12. The loss of the technological lead of this multinational corporation 13. Strictly observe the laws and regulations of the host country for foreign investment 14. Bring about frictions and disputes between domestic and foreign enterprises II.1. In the postwar era, the rapid development of multinational corporations resulting from the sharp increase in the foreign direct investments of major industrial countries played a significant role in the world's economic development. 2. The steady increase in the number and strength of German, French and Japanese multinational corporations based on the rapid economic development of their own countries has undermined the superiority of American multinational corporations. 3. Many multinational corporations have exploited their huge production and distribution networks to engage in various speculative and unlawful activities and harm the host countries' economic sovereignty and the legitimate interests of the public, in an attempt to seize enormous illegal earnings. 4. In the early 1970s, on the basis of centralized management, International Business Machine Corporation provided its foreign affiliates with some operating autonomy so that they could adapt their marketing to the fast changing local economic and political situation. 5. The American multinational corporation which undertakes production and distribution on a global basis is faced with serous difficulties in its operation arising from fierce foreign competition. 17. I.1. A joint venture in which two business entities from China and Japan have participated 2. Be against majority ownership and undivided managerial authority by a foreign partner 3. Two basic factors determining the form a joint venture should take 4. An American oil company formed a joint venture in the Middle East with a British oil firm for oil exploration in that region. 5. The advantage arising from pooling the different resources and capabilities of each partner 6. The local partner in a joint venture who is of some significance in the field 7. The foreign partner who contributes production facilities to a joint venture formed by both the Chinese and foreign parities 8. A joint venture formed with a local partner who operates in a related industry 9. Government participation in joint ventures realized through government participation in the ownership of enterprises 10.conflicting views and different ways of looking at problem that exist between the two partners 11. Bring to the joint venture management their longstanding managerial practices 12. Properly handle the interpersonal friction in the joint venture management 13. Explain to the other partner his headquarters' decisions in respect to the operations of the joint venture 14. Have complete autonomy in every operating decision of a joint venture II.1. An equity joint venture relates to an economic organization jointly invested and formed by its two partners and having the new and independent status as a legal person, and both partners share profits and losses according to their respective proportions of investment. 2. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment promulgated in 1979, which was designed to attract foreign firms to make direct investments in China, was the first important foreign economic legislation enacted after the implementation of the open-up policy 3. A joint venture formed by both its Chinese and foreign partners is an enterprise jointly invested by a Chinese and a foreign business entities, to which both partners can contribute cash,material objects(such as factory buildings, equipment and materials), industrial proprietary rights, knowhow and the right to use the site. 4. A joint venture formed by both its Chinese and foreign partners, which enjoys operating autonomy, is endowed with such powers as laying out its scheme for enterprise development, drawing up its production and management programs, working out its plans for financial budget, profit distribution and labor and wages, and engaging managerial personnel. 5. It is evidenced by practice that the establishment of joint ventures, which are new-type enterprises imbued with great vitality, contributes to the absorption of foreign capital, the introduction of advanced technology, and the promotion of the technological transformation of existing enterprises; the expansion of exports and the augmentation of foreign exchange earnings; and the absorption of foreign management experience and the improvement in the business management of enterprises. 18 I.1. Every foreign investment proposal is examined by the Chinese authorities. 2.Foreign direct investments which are in the best interests of China can be approved. 3. Foreign companies have long coveted China's potential as a huge market. 4. Both market size and resources are the motivation for investing in China by foreign investors. 5. See Chian as the world's last big growth market 6. Establish Special Economic Zones in which incentives to invest are given to foreign companies 7. Of the total investment in a joint venture the Chinese and foreign partners own 51 percent and 49 percent respectively. 8. A feasibility study that includes the type and quantity of product and target market 9. Agreements between the two partners are presented to the Ministry of Commerce or local authorities for approval. 10. Register to obtain a business license within a month of approval 11. The application and approval procedure for a wholly foreign-owned venture is basically the same as that for a joint venture. 12. The transfer of technology is conducive to an increase in the export competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. 13. Achieve the foreign investors' objectives such as an increase in the returns on investment and in market share 14. China is taking effective measures to further attract foreign investments II.1. In the past years, China's rapid economic growth and its people's rising purchasing power have translated into huge consumer spending and market size, which is the main motivation for vigorously making direct investments in China by foreign companies. 2. In recent years, many areas in China have given foreign investors the incentives which are consistent with the Chinese government's policy of further expanding opening-up and the measures they have taken are aimed at stimulating foreign companies to increase their direct investments in China. 3. In view of China's abundant cheap labour, foreign firms see their direct investments in China as a means of reducing costs, increasing international competitiveness and expanding exports to international markets. 4. In the late 1970s, the Chinese leaders perceived that only by carrying out an open-up policy and attracting and utilizing foreign capital, technology and management methods rather than continuing economic isolationism could a rapid economic development be achieved. 5. Since its establishment in late 1993, the economic development zone in China's Jiangsu province has accepted substantial foreign direct investments which are in the best interests of the nation and by the end of 2002, over 300 foreign-invested firms had been established there, including 52 firms with an investment of over ten million dollars each. 19. I.1. Foreign companies which are firmly established in Asia and China 2. The most promising market in the Asia-Pacific region and in the world 3. The acknowledged long-term center of business in China 4. Foreign-invested enterprises whose primary objective is to participate in the vast China market 5. The local growth and GDP are ahead of the country as a whole. 6. Being greatly optimistic about business in the Shanghai area 7. Offering very attractive incentives to foreign investors 8. A great improvement in the infrastructure and investment environment in the Shanghai area 9. Projects in such categories as high-technology, environmental protection and export orientation 10. Foreign enterprises' investment projects which enjoy preferential policies and regulations 11. The convenient location and the improved quality of life 12. Further open to foreign investment and international commerce 13. Encourage and attract more trade and investment from the West 14. More and more multinational corporations are placing senior executives in Shanghai II.1. In recent years, as the infrastructure and investment environment in the Shanghai area have been greatly upgraded, foreign business people have been increasingly interested in engaging in trade and making direct investments in this area. 2. Guided by the open-up policy, the local authorities of Shanghai have attached great importance to absorbing foreign funds, technology and managerial expertise, in an effort to contribute greatly to the city's economic development and prosperity. 3. As foreign companies are optimistic about Shanghai's economic development and prospects, they intend to establish new enterprises and factories or increase investment in the existing enterprises in this