英语电影赏析

nullAppreciating Cinema 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 电影赏析 Appreciating Cinema 英语电影赏析 PurposesPurposes1. To gain a rough idea of what had happened in the long history of films and what is happening now. 2. To know more about some of the representative film-makers, actors and their masterpieces. 3. To enjoy some of the masterpieces, nice films and their wonderful music. 4. Hopefully, try to use everything learned in the course to get a better idea of the language and the culture.History History The history of film is simplified by its shortness . Early Cinema Classical Hollywood Cinema Post - Classical Hollywood Cinema Each of these periods is characterized by certain technological developments and patterns of industrial organization. Artistically, too, films from a given period of film history tend to display certain characteristic features. I. Early Cinema I. Early Cinema Technology Development of celluloid Development of cameras and projectors 2. Industry Dominance of Edison and Biograph companies 3. Aesthetics “Actuality Filming” “Cinema of Attractions”D. W. Griffith: Father of Film D. W. Griffith: Father of Film David W. Griffith: more sophisticated narrative-based methods of cinematic story-telling The Birth of a Nation 一个国家的诞生（1915） Intolerance 党同伐异（1916） II. Classical Hollywood Cinema II. Classical Hollywood Cinema Technology Development of sound Development of Technicolor 2. Industry “Big Five” and “Little Three” Vertical integration of production, distribution and exhibition Narrative 3. Aesthetics Continuity editing Star system GenresnullBig Five: Warner Brothers Loew’s MGM Fox Paramount RKO 雷电华 Little Three: Columbia; Universal; United Artists联美Greta Garbo 葛丽泰·嘉宝Ingrid Bergman英格丽·褒曼Vivien Leigh费雯丽nullAudrey Hepburn奥黛丽·赫本Elizabeth Taylor伊丽莎白·泰勒nullHumphrey Bogart亨莱福·鲍嘉 Marlon Brando马龙·白兰度nullClark Gable克拉克·盖博Alain Delon阿兰·德隆nullLaurence Olivier劳伦斯·奥利弗Gregory Peck格里高利·派克 null Western The Great Train Robbery《火车大劫案》 (1903) Stagecoach《关山飞渡》(1939) 《关山飞度》约翰·福特null《铁骑》 《搜索者》null《原野奇侠》《太阳浴血记》null《正午》《红河》nullComedy Mack Sennett 传送带生产式的制片方式 :“出主意者”提出一个原始点子，然后交由“剧本会议” 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 人物和故事，成型后由“噱头部”负责添加滑稽场面和情景。 Charlie Chaplin查理·卓别林 Buster Keaton勃斯特·基顿 《淘金记》(1925)、《城市之光》(1931)、《摩登时代》(1936)、《大独裁者》(1940)、《凡尔杜先生》（1947)、《舞台生涯》(1952)、 《一个国王在纽约》(1957)等。 null《一夜风流》《天堂里的烦恼》nullMusical《百老汇旋律》null《小凯撒》《疤脸大盗》《我是一个越狱犯》Crime nullHorrornullHitchcock 《蝴蝶梦》《后窗》《美人计》null《煤气灯下》《深闺疑云》《三十九级台阶》《群鸟》《深闺疑云》III. Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema III. Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema Technology Development of other exhibition channels and multimedia platforms 2. Industry Competition with TV Distribution windows on different media platforms 3. Aesthetics Flexible use of genre Rules of causality and temporal logic observed less strictly Foregrounding of stylistic devicesPost-Classical Hollywood CinemaPost-Classical Hollywood CinemaTwo major sub-periods: 1. “New Hollywood” (or “renaissance”) period 弗朗西斯·科波拉 Francis Ford Coppola 马丁·斯科西斯 Martin Scorsese 斯坦利·库布里克Stanley Kubrick 阿瑟·佩恩 Arthur Penn 乔治·卢卡斯 George Lucas 史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格 Steven Spielberg 伍迪·艾伦 Woody Allen 奥利弗·斯通 William Oliver Stone弗朗西斯·科波拉（1939——）弗朗西斯·科波拉（1939——） 弗朗西斯·科波拉——“美国新浪潮”的旗手 。 《痴呆症》 《教父》 获45届奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳男主角、最佳改编剧本奖。 《教父续集》获47届奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演等6项大奖。 《教父第三集》 《对话》27届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖。 《现代启示录》32届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖。 马丁·斯科西斯（1942———）马丁·斯科西斯（1942———）《谁在敲我的门》《穷街陋巷》《艾丽丝不再住此》《纽约，纽约》《愤怒的公牛》《纯真年代》《金钱本色》《纽约黑帮》等。 代 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 作——《出租汽车司机》获1976年戛纳电影节金棕榈奖 斯坦利·库布里克（1928——1999） 斯坦利·库布里克（1928——1999） 《光荣之路》 《斯巴达克斯》 《奇爱博士》 《发条桔子》 《2001：太空遨游》 《巴利·林顿》 《全金属铝外壳》 《洛丽塔》 《闪灵》 《紧闭双眼》（《大开眼界》） null阿瑟·佩恩 《邦妮和克莱德》（《雌雄大盗》） 不仅标志着阿瑟·佩恩个人创作的 高峰，而且是新好莱坞崛起的标志。 本片的特殊之处： （1）首次出现反英雄的英雄形象。 （2）融入了法国新浪潮的艺术观点 和技巧：时空的自由跳接。 （3）突破了好莱坞严格的类型模式，体现了类型融合 的倾向：强盗片、喜剧片、爱情片等。 乔治·卢卡斯（1945——） 乔治·卢卡斯（1945——） 1977：《星球大战　新希望 》   全球票房：7.754亿美元 1980：《星球大战Ⅱ　帝国反击战》   全球票房：5.4亿美元 1983：《星球大战Ⅲ　绝地归来 》  全球票房：4.75亿美元 1999：《星球大战前传Ⅰ　魅影危机》   全球票房：9.43亿美元 2002：《星球大战前传Ⅱ　克隆人的进攻》 全球票房：6.5亿美元 2005：《星球大战前传Ⅲ　西斯的复仇》    全球票房：8.5亿美元 斯皮尔伯格（1949——）斯皮尔伯格（1949——）《大白鲨》《夺宝奇兵》（1、2、3） 《第三类接触》 《外星人》 《紫色》 《太阳帝国》 《胡克船长》 《侏罗纪公园》 《辛德勒的名单》 《失落的世界》 《拯救大兵瑞恩》 《慕尼黑》 null奥利弗·斯通 “越战反思三部曲”： 《野战排》（获59届奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演 等4项大奖） 《生于七月四日》（获62届奥斯卡最佳导演奖） 《天与地》 两部总统片： 《刺杀肯尼迪》《尼克松》 《天生杀人狂》null《野战排》《生于七月四日》《天与地》null《天生杀人狂》《尼克松》《刺杀肯尼迪》Post-Classical Hollywood CinemaPost-Classical Hollywood Cinema2.“independent filmmaking” 在好莱坞制片厂体制之外制作的电影，它制作的目的在于表达演个人的思想观念而非追求票房上的成功。 索德伯格《性·谎言·录像带》获第42届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖 ，标志着独立电影时代的来临。 《卡夫卡》《盲点》《毒品网络》（《非法交易》）《永不妥协》 大卫·林奇《心中狂野》（1990）获43届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖。 昆汀·塔伦蒂诺《落水狗》（1992年）《低俗小说》（1994年） 《杀死比尔》 Genres Genres Genres are the categories into which, on the basis of shared characteristics, we place artistic, musical, literary or cinematic works; subgenres are similar but more limited and more precisely defined. It’s rare to find a film that belongs exclusively to one genre.Genres Genres GenresGenresGenresGenresSocial dramas are films whose central narrative concern or conflict is a social problem—poverty, inequality, discrimination, racism, or exclusion(排外), to name just a few possibilities. The gangster film is rooted in the specific social and cultural context of twentieth century America. The narratives are usually based on the idea of the “American Dream” and can be seen as a particular American genre. Vietnam war was an American war, and the Vietnam war films allow us a critical perspective on the war. GenresGenresAction films began to become popular in the 1970s and are particularly profitable in the contemporary global marketplace. The “blockbuster” was born on 20 June 1975 with the release of Jaws. A product of the post-classical period, it is considered to be a very “American” genre. The concept of film noir first emerged in 1940s France. The group of films shared a common visual style and a mood for cynicism, pessimism, and darkness. CharacterCharacter Characterization and performance are two of the essential aspects of any cinematic work. Characters in films can be divided into three basic “functions” (or categories)：main characters，secondary characters，and minor characters．Each of these functions has a certain role to play. i. Character functions The main character is the most important character in a film, and the character of greatest interest．Usually the main character is also the ‘‘protagonist", the character whose actions trigger the chain of causes and effects that drive the plot forward. Occasionally，however，the protagonist is not the main character． CharacterCharacter Secondary characters are those who interact with the protagonist and have significant impact on the development of the narrative. They can often be divided into three main functions the opposition character，the mirror character，and the romance character. The opposition character (also known as the “antagonist 反面主角”) is the character who opposes the intentions of the protagonist；antagonists stand in the way of protagonists and create obstacles for them. The protagonist is not always the hero/heroine, and the antagonist is not always the villain． CharacterCharacterThe mirror character (also known as the “ support”) is the character most clearly aligned with and supportive of, the protagonist． The romance character (or ‘'love interest” ) is the character with whom the protagonist is -- or becomes--romantically involved． CharacterCharacterii Christopher Vogler argues that there are seven basic character archetypes:CharacterCharacteriii However, film characters are not merely static “types” or “functions”, but figures that are transformed as they progress through the narrative. Character development occurs gradually over the entire “arc” of the narrative and has been called the “transformational arc”, the key elements of which are motivation and conflict.CharacterCharacteriii Motivation Conflict The Lion KingThe Lion King Motivation Conflict Narrative Narrative Narrative，Story，and Plot ·Narrative The way in which a story is told. ·Story All the events that we see and hear．plus all those that we infer or assume to have occurred，arranged in their presumed causal relations，chronological order，duration，frequency，and spatial locations． ·Plot All the events that are directly presented to us．including their causal relations，chronological order，duration，frequency，and spatial locations．Narrative Narrative The Basic Stories Achilles The “Achilles” story is the story of the seemingly invulnerable (不会受伤的，无懈可击的) hero with a fatal flaw．Classical tragedy is usually a variant of the Achilles story．(Example：Superman) Candide The story of the innocent abroad．the naively optimistic hero who triumphs contrary to all expectations．(Examples：Forrest Gump，The Lord of the Rings, Mr．Bean，A Beautiful Mind，Indiana Jones(《印第安那·琼斯》) Cinderella The story of the “dream comes true”：Goodness and virtue are despised at the beginning but recognized at last．The protagonist of the Cinderella story usually begins in a lowly position but，through his good nature，convinces all doubters(怀疑者)and is rewarded．(Example：Pretty Woman (《漂亮女人》))Narrative Narrative The Basic Stories Circe The “chase” story in which an innocent victim is pursued by the villain，until the villain is defeated by the potential victim．Often this story takes the form of the temptress (诱惑男人的女性) ensnaring (诱捕) the love—struck (被爱情冲昏了火的) male；it has often been vividly described as “the spider and the fly”．It is the basis of horror films，thrillers．and film noir．(Examples：Fatal Attraction(《致命吸引力》)and the Alien films) Faust The story of an individual who sells his soul to the devil，enjoys a brief period or power and prosperity，but eventually is called upon to repay the debt．The Faust story can also take the form of the dark secret that can never be completely suppressed，or the personal history that cannot be evaded．(Example：Wall Street (《华尔街》))Narrative Narrative The Basic Stories Orpheus The story of the gift that is taken away．The gift could be something personal，a loved one，an ability of some kind，everything valuable in life，or even life itself．The story can focus on the tragedy of the loss itself or the search that follows the loss．(Example：Born on the Fourth of July(《生于七月四日》)) Romeo and Juliet The classic“star．crossed lovers(命运不佳的情侣)”story in which a major obstacle stands in the way of true love (Examples：Shakespeare in Love ，Titanic, Ghost(《人鬼情未了》)) Tristan The love triangle：A man loves a woman，but one of them is already involved with someone (or something)else．The“third party”in the relationship is usually a person，but it may be something more abstract (e．g．a cause，a mission，a destiny)．(Example：The Graduate(《毕业生》)) The Wandering Jew The “Wandering Jew” is the story of the persecuted of alienated traveler who will never return home．(Examples：The English Patient, Apocalypse Now (((现代启示录》))Narrative Narrative The Classic Three—Act Linear Structure The majority of Hollywood films employ the classic three—act linear structure (or a variation of it)． By no means a11 films will adhere to this structure．and those that do will do so flexibly．Nevertheless, most Hollywood scriptwriters are familiar with the structure and acknowledge its importance．Narrative Narrative Act INarrativeNarrativeAct IIAct IIIThemeThemeStated simply, the theme of a film is its main point, what the scriptwriter and director wants to tell us. An overview of some of the forms in which theme is expressed in Hollywood films: Broad Human Concerns: Themes commonly reflect the most basic and universal human concerns such as love, the nature of humanity, ethical concerns and the meaning of human existence. Life Philosophies Religious and Ethical Concerns Historical Issues Nations and National Characteristics Social/Cultural/Technological Changes 7. Social ProblemsFilm AwardsFilm AwardsAcademy Awards Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 1. Costume Design 　 服装设计 　　2. Actor in a Supporting Role 　男配角 　　3. Make up 化妆 　　4. Art Direction 艺术指导 　　5. Live Action Short Film 纪实短片 　　　 Animated Short Film 动画短片 　　6. Sound Effects Editing 音响效果剪辑 　　7. Sound 音响 Film AwardsFilm Awards 8. Actress in a Supporting Role 女配角 　　9. Cinematography 摄影 　　10. Film Editing 剪辑 　　11. Visual Effects 视觉效果 　　12. Documentary Short Subject 记录短片 　　　　Documentary Feature 记录长片 　　13. Foreign Language Film 外语片 　　14. Lifetime Achievement 终身成就 Film AwardsFilm Awards 15. Original Musical or Comedy Score 音乐（喜剧） 　　　　Original Dramatic Score 音乐（戏剧） 　　16. Original Screenplay 原著剧本 　　　　Screenplay Adaptation 剧本改编 　　17. Original Song 歌曲 　　18. Director 导演 　　19. Actress in a leading Role 最佳女主角 　　20. Actor in a leading Role 最佳男主角 　　21. Picture 影片 Film FestivalsFilm FestivalsInternational Film Festival of Cannes, France (Golden Palm) Berlin International Film Festival, Germany (Golden Bear) Venice Film Festival, Venice, Italy (Golden Lion)　 San Sebastian International Film Festival, Spain (Golden Shell)　 Tokyo International Film Festival, Japan　 Moscow International Film Festival , Russia Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, Czechoslovakia Cairo International Film Festival , Egypt Shanghai International Film Festival, China Montreal World Film Festival, Canada Mar del Plata International Film Festival , Argentina　 　 Chapter 3 Avant-garde Film Movement in EuropeChapter 3 Avant-garde Film Movement in EuropeAvant-garde means “advance guard” or “vanguard". The adjective form is used in English, to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics. Avant-garde represents a pushing of the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the status quo, primarily in the cultural field. Many artists have aligned themselves with the avant-garde and still continue to do so.null1. Background (1) As one form of mass media, films became something cannot be ignored. Meanwhile, Hollywood had been a great threat to the film market of Europe which made it almost stop developing. (2) The crisis caused by the world war I regarding to western social traditionsand spiritual civilization in a sense accelerated the development of modernismin literature. nullI. Impressionism Narration in France and Different Genres in the Trends of Surrealism II. Aesthetic pursuit in Expressionism and Realism in Germany III. Theory and Practice of Montage School in Soviet IV. The Development of Documentary in 20S I. Impressionism Narration in France and Different Genres in the Trends of Surrealism I. Impressionism Narration in France and Different Genres in the Trends of Surrealism Impressionism印象主义 was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s. The name of the movement is derived from the title of a Claude Monet’s 克劳德莫奈work, Impression, Sunrise 日出 印象, which provoked one critic to coin the term in a satiric review. The emergence of Impressionism in the visual arts was soon followed by similar movements in other media which became known as Impressionist music and Impressionist literature. French Impressionist Cinema is a term applied to a loosely defined group of films and filmmakers in France from 1919-1929, although these years are debatable. Avant-garde film/experimental film 先锋派电影nullnullSurrealism 超现实主义is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions 并列 and non sequitur不根据前提的推理;似乎无法合理答复的陈述 ; however many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artifact. Surrealism developed out of the Dada 达达主义activities of World War I and the most important center of the movement was Paris. From the 1920s on, the movement spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music, of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, and philosophy and social theory.nullHyperrality 超现实 In postmodern philosophy, the term hyperreality characterizes the inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from fantasy, especially in technologically advanced postmodern cultures. Hyperreality is a means to characterize the way consciousness defines what is actually "real" in a world where a multitude of media can radically shape and filter the original event or experience being depicted. nullA vivid example: Disneyland with its settings such as Main Street and full sized houses has been created to look "absolutely realistic," taking visitors' imagination to a "fantastic past.“ This false reality creates an illusion and makes it more desirable for people to buy this reality. Disneyland works in a system that enables visitors to feel that technology and the created atmosphere "can give us more reality that nature can.“ The fake animals are all available to people in Disneyland and for everyone to see. The "fake nature" of Disneyland satisfies our imagination and daydream fantasies in real life. Therefore, they seem more admirable and attractive. When entering Disneyland, consumers form into lines to gain access to each attraction. Then they are ordered by people with special uniforms to follow the rules, such as where to stand or where to sit. If the consumer follows each rule correctly, they can enjoy "the real thing" and see things that are not available to them outside of Disneyland's doors. null1911, Canudo “Le Septième art” 卡努杜，《第七艺术宣言》 The first to claim that film should be a new form of art, which influenced greatly in the aesthetic exploration of Avant-garde in France in 20S.null1. Impressionism Narration in France (1917-1928) (1) central character: Louis Deluc 路易德吕克 上镜头性：photogenic (2) Mutual features of all the works at that time: Simple story, complicated psychology & certain emotion null(3) characteristics and contributions a. the core part of a film was the inner activities of the people—enlarged and enriched the silent films. b. tried hard to make natural materials be in accordance with mental and emotional feelings of people (the trend of naturalism) –made films become independent of stages, actors and traditional views about the plot and people in drama and literature, then created a new and unique visual language for films. nullc. established new photographing techniques to show the visual expression of people’s psychology and emotion. 3 new techniques: Subjectivism take, dolly photography and trick photography(主观摄影、移动摄影和特技摄影); dolly:移动式摄影车 n/v first application of high-speed/low-speed photography (高速摄影和低速摄影） d. emphasized the importance of visual rhythm and its editing 节奏的表现和剪辑--- enhanced poetic effect. null2. Different Genres in the Trends of surrealism NB: Their works are works with its individual characteristics which are only for a few intellects and professionals (1) denied the narration of films, and claimed it would be better if there is “No Theme” in the films. (2) indulged in the techniques and ways of shooting films. null2.1 Pure Cinema “纯电影”的美学实验 Abstract Art（法国抽象主义电影）： denied the function of acquainting and representing the society, and claimed “art was for art’s sake”. 为艺术而艺术 Exponential: Henry Hemed (Cinq minutes de cinema pur) 倡导者－亨利希美特《纯电影的5分钟》 Germaine Dulac 谢尔曼杜拉克 there are some resemblance between films and music null2.2 Dadaism + Irrationalism 达达主义无理性的电影实验 What is Dada? Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a celebration of anti-art