颜色的象征意义

颜色的象征意义 红色: 最引人注目的色彩，具有强烈的感染力，它是火的色、血的色。象征热情、喜庆、幸福。另一方面又象征警觉、危险。红色色感刺激强烈，在色彩配合中常起着主色和重要的调和对比作用，是使用得最多的色。 黄色: 是阳光的色彩，象征光明、希望、高贵、愉快。浅黄色表示柔弱，灰黄色表示病态。黄色在纯色中明度最高，与红色色系的色配合产生辉煌华丽、热烈喜庆的效果，与兰色色系的色配合产生淡雅宁静、柔和清爽的效果。 蓝色: 是天空的色彩，象征和平、安静、纯洁、理智。另一方面又有消极、冷淡、保守等意味。蓝色与红、黄等色运用得当，能构成和谐的对比调和关系。 绿色: 是植物是色彩，象征着平静与安全，带灰褐绿的色则象征着衰老和终止。绿色和蓝色配合显得柔和宁静，和黄色配合显得明快清新。由于绿色的视认性不高，多为陪衬的中型色彩运用。 橙色: 秋天收获的颜色，鲜艳的橙色比红色更为温暖、华美，是所有色彩中最温暖的色彩。橙色象征快乐、健康、勇敢。 紫色:象征优美、高贵、尊严，另一方面又有孤独、神秘等意味。淡紫色有高雅和魔力的感觉，深紫色则有沉重、庄严的感觉。与红色配合显得华丽和谐，与蓝色配合显得华贵低沉，与绿色配合显得热情成熟。运用得当能构成新颖别致的效果。 黑色: 是暗色，是明度最低的非彩色，象征着力量，有时又意味着不吉祥和罪恶。能和许多色彩构成良好的对比调和关系，运用范围很广。 白色: 表示纯粹与洁白的色，象征纯洁、朴素、高雅等。作为非彩色的极色，白色与黑色一样，与所有的色彩构成明快的对比调和关系，与黑色相配，构成简洁明确、朴素有力的效果，给人一种重量感和稳定感，有很好的视觉传达能力. 色彩的感情及其象征性 色彩的象征性，是指色彩对人的心理作用。色彩作为造型手段，除了完成造型任务之外，很重要的作用就是用色彩进行表情达意，表人物和作者之情，达剧作之意。基于人们对生活经历的 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ，不同色彩给人不同的心理影响，近而产生某种联想就是色彩的象征性。 红色: 红色最为醒目，把不同色彩放在一起，最显眼的就是红色。 红色是血的色彩，多用来表现血腥和暴力。红色又具有兴奋好斗的性格，在战争中是武装占领的信号，是革命的标志。多用于主角人物，英雄模范、先进分子和革命者。 红色又是烦躁不安和危机的色彩， 影片《黑炮事件》中大量用了红色，隐喻主人公赵书信愤懑、压抑、若闷的心情。 美国影片《低俗小说》中，也大量出现红色，象征一种血腥和暴力，朱斯吃的汉堡包，文生吃的牛排，红色汽车以及随处可见的血肉横飞的场面更是表明暴力无所不在。 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 红色是喜庆的色彩，办喜事离不开红色。 红色又是愤怒的色彩，人在发怒时，首先是脸红、脖子粗。 黄色: 黄色在中国历史上是最高贵的色彩，因为金子是黄色的，价值珍贵。 在不同的国家，不同的时代，黄色具有不同的象征性。 中国封建社会黄色曾被皇帝所垄断，黄色龙袍，只有皇帝一人可穿，别人穿了会被看成是犯上行为。北京故宫基本上是三种颜色:红、白、黄。红墙， 汉白玉石阶、石柱，黄色琉璃瓦。皇帝用的家俱也都是黄色的，太师椅坐垫是黄色的，包玉玺的布也是黄缎做的。 在现代社会，黄色仍然是辉煌、光明的色彩，具有一种鼓舞性，热情洋溢，令人感到愉快和亲切。但黄色是最亮的色彩，对人的视觉刺激较强，久视会感到视疲劳。 不同的黄色又有不同的象征性，土黄是大地色彩，偏蓝的黄是病态的面色。 黄色是宗教色彩，西方的天主教，绘画中天国的色彩都绘成黄色，中国佛教也离开不黄色。少林寺方丈身穿黄色袈裟佛龛、供桌的台布、帷幔都是黄缎子做的。 黄色又是*的色彩，有时具有荒淫的性格，比如黄色小说、黄色录像。 黄色是警告色彩，体育比赛中对犯规者都是用黄牌警告。 在造型艺术中黄色有时用来表现猜疑、背叛。达?芬奇的油画《最后的晚餐》中耶稣对十二个门徒说:“你们当中有人出卖了我”。众门徒顿时显露出不同的神态，真惊讶假惊讶。到底谁是叛徒?可以从表情上判断也可以从色彩上判断，谁身上穿有不饱和的黄色谁就是叛徒(犹太)。 绿色: 绿色是植物王国的色彩。所以绿色象征着生命和成长。 绿色又具有平静、安详充实的性格。 绿色代表希望、和平、智慧和忠实。 绿色又是旅游色彩、旅游需要和平环境。 蓝色: 蓝色和红色是对立的色彩，红色是暖色蓝色是冷色。在物质世界红色是积极的色彩，蓝色则是消极的。在精神世界里蓝色是积极的色彩，红色成为消极色。蓝色与人的精神相联系，在精神世界蓝色最为清高，最为廉洁。蓝色是远色具有深度感，能加深空间深度。蓝色是天空的色彩给人以辽阔、广漠深远之感。冬天冰雪呈现蓝色。当蓝色饱和度降底，变成暗蓝色时，便具有阴森恐惧的味道，也是迷信、痛苦、不幸的悲剧色彩。 青色是蓝色的一种，具有蓝色的性格，青出于蓝而胜于蓝。 青也是天空的色彩，具有广阔、深远、沉静之感。青色象征着诚实、磊落、清高和廉洁。中国京剧里，称廉洁的县官为“青天大老爷”，包公称为包青天。 青色也象征着永恒，在文学中用“名垂青史”赞美古代英雄和伟人。在北京故宫中唯一的冷色就是青色，宫殿门牌都是金字青底，太和殿上“正大光明”四个字底也是青色的。象征皇权、神圣、高贵、廉正和永恒。 紫色: 紫色是一种神秘的色彩。常用以表现男女之间神秘关系。在曹禺的戏剧《雷雨》里第一场戏，老爷说夫人有病必须吃药，而她说什么也不吃这杯苦药。最后把大integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 少爷叫来让他跪下请他妈吃药，而他怎么也不跪下……女主角繁漪穿着紫色旗袍，暗示人物之间的神秘关系。 紫色又有优美、高尚、壮丽和高贵之感。 紫色又是沉闷、悲惨、倒霉的色彩。 在伟大诗人歌德的眼里，紫色里恐怖的色彩。他说:“紫色暗示着世界的末日”。 白色: 白色最明亮，是最纯洁的色彩。白色不容忍其它的色彩，任何一点点色彩在白色上都会被暴露出来。 美国影片《飞越疯人院》所有精神病人都穿白色衣服，伪装精神病人的小偷却穿一件黑色皮夹克，影片作者认为世界上最纯洁的人是精神病人，从不说谎，所以赋予他们一身白色，表示他们纯洁。白色又具有恐怖感，是死亡的色彩，办丧事离不开白色，披麻带孝都是白色的。影片《菊豆》档棺场面大部分景物都是白色。 黑色: 黑色象征庄重、严肃、有力，在外交场合，外交官除了灰色就是黑色。黑色西装、白色衬衣、红色领带。 黑白又是悲伤、绝望、恐怖死亡的色彩，办丧事离不开黑色。 黑色是阴暗罪恶势力的表现，是鬼魂幽灵的色彩。 色彩象征性是多意、可变的 从以上对几种色彩的象征和表意的叙述，可以看出每一种色彩的表意都是多意的，往往具有双重性格。红色既代表着美好、又代表着卑俗，既代表喜庆又有*感。 影片《菊豆》里，红色有时代表着一种热情，表现出欢快、和睦的家庭气氛，有时则代表爱情的温馨，有时又用红色表现充满杀气的血猩气氛。比如，当杨青山死的时候，一座红布从上方砸向青山头上就有恐怖感。 各种色彩在影视作品中都具有丰富的表现力。 色彩表意的可变性具体表现以下几个方面: (1)色彩的感情随时代而变，表意性也在发生变化。比如黄色，古代是至高无上的色彩，被封建王朝所垄断，平民百姓是不准穿着黄色服装的。如今黄色不再是高贵的权力的象征。相反“黄色”这个词除了标志色彩以外，有时还是腐化堕落的象征，比如黄色书刊，黄色录像带等; (2)随着特定的历史条件而变 在历史上红色对革命者来说是一种令人振奋的革命色彩。因为红色象征着无数革命者高举红旗，用鲜血和生命换取了革命的胜利; (3)随着民族风俗而变 各民族都有自己的风俗习惯，因此对色彩的感情也不尽相同。比如维吾尔族服装色彩艳丽，朝鲜族则清淡素雅，藏族则是彩色和消色的结合。 (4)因人而异 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 对色彩的感情随人的素质、修养、性格、习惯而不尽相同，农民喜欢较艳丽的原色，知识分子则喜欢淡雅的色彩。这里有生活条件的局限、处境和经历的影响，而这些影响则不能用生理因素解释; (5)色彩的象征性和感情是具体事物相结合中产生的。 色彩的感情和象征性往往是在和具体事物相联系中产生，红色朝阳给人温暖的感觉，象征着温暖。节日的红灯、红对联象征着喜庆，红色的鲜血则是革命和暴力的象征。红色朝阳象征着青年朝气，而夕阳则带有挽惜的感慨:“夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏”。红色从生理角度来讲都是红光刺激人眼感红纤维的反映，在心理上产生兴奋的感觉，这是共性，而同样的红色又有截然不同的视觉感受产生，这说明色彩的感情随具体事物而变化; (6)随地域而变 中国人习惯以黑和白色办丧事，以红色表现喜庆，欧洲人则用红和黑装点葬礼，用白色打扮新娘，白色象征喜庆。非洲喜欢用明快的白色、黄色、绿色来装束自己，与黑色肤色形成鲜明对比。 第三节 画面影调和色调 影调和色调是构成图像的元素。从技术上讲，电视图像是黑白影像加上色彩，如同黑白照片涂上色彩一样。从造型角度讲影调是指画面的黑白倾向，色调也是一种倾向，是以一种色彩为主导形成的一种色彩倾向。一幅画面红色占优势即是红调或叫暖调。影调和色调构成画面调子。电视节目处理色调影调是以场景、段落或整个作品为单位进行的，不能一个镜头一个调子。这是由电视画面的特点所决定的。 1、画面调子的划分 ?从明暗分布上可划分为: 高调(也称明调、亮调、淡调、轻调) 以浅灰、白色以及亮度等级偏高的色彩为主构成的画面，称为高调画面。高调画面在构成上必须有少量的暗色或亮度等级低的色彩，以便使亮调更为突出，亮调也要有层次，否则画面像曝光过度的效果。 高调的拍摄:亮背景，亮主体，散射光或顺光照明是获得高调画面的必要条件。 高调画面构成的情节段落多用于表现特定的心理情绪。如幻觉、梦境、幻想或用于抒情场面。也可表现欢乐、幸福、喜悦的情绪。 影片《小花》中，秀姑负伤后，表现她牺牲前处于弥留之际的一种幻觉，就是用高调表现的。 低调(又称暗调、深调、重调) 以黑、深灰及亮度等级偏低的色彩为主构成的画面称为低调画面。低调画面的拍摄:选择深色背景，深色景物，侧逆光、逆光、顶光照明是获得低调画面的必要条件。也可用大面积阴影构成低调画面。低调画面不可缺少少量的白色或亮度等级偏高的亮色。也可用轮廓光勾勒，以反衬画面大面积的暗色调，低调不能漆黑一团要有层次。可以利用曝光不足方法取得低调画面效果。(如图4-4) 低调画面，经常用于表现深沉、压抑、悲伤、凄凉、苦闷、恐怖等心理情绪。 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, (2)从明暗对比上划分: 软调(又称柔和调):(如图4-5A) 画面中的景物受光面和背光面的明暗对比柔和、色彩对比和谐、反差小、景物色彩多选用补色过渡色，软调画面中间过渡层次丰富、级差小、质感细赋。 拍摄软调画面主要是用散射光照明，减少投影，并把摄像机PED(反差)调小，减弱画面反差。软调画面适宜表现松驰、疏缓、温和的心理情绪。 硬调(又称强烈对比调):(如图4-5B) 画面中景物明暗对比、色彩对比强烈，中间缺少层次过渡，景物色彩多用原色，少用过渡色和补色。 硬调画面的拍摄多采用侧光、侧逆光、大光比。也可以调整摄像机的PED开关或打开BLACK(黑压缩黑扩展)开关。 硬调画面经常和人们紧张、惊险、恐怖等情绪相对应。适于表现战争和恐怖的气氛，也适于表现粗犷豪放的情绪。 前苏联影片《这里黎明静悄悄》战争部分用黑白片的硬调画面，以突出战争的残酷性;而表现和平生活则是用明亮的彩色软调画面表现女兵们对战前幸福生活的回忆。 美国影片《辛德勒名单》中法西斯对集中营的平民进行惨绝人寰的屠杀用的是昏暗的硬调，令人感到十分压抑和恐怖。 中间调: 中间调有两指:其一指明暗关系，既不是亮调，也不是暗调;其二指反差关系，介于软调和硬调中间，中间调是影视作品中最常用的影调形式。 (3)从色彩分布上划分: 暖调: 被摄对象以暖色为主，在色彩还原时能准确再现即可形成暖色。暖调和画面偏红有所不同。前者指一种色彩倾向，后者为整个画面偏红。暖调给人以温暖、热情、光辉、欢乐和喜庆的感受。 寒调(又称冷调):被摄对象以寒色为主，再现时准确还原可构成寒调。寒调给人以冷清、压抑、忧伤等感受。 (4)从色彩明暗上划分: 浓调: 被摄对象色彩不饱和、渗与黑色较多，或者是消色物体平面反光率不高，而且处于少光量照明之下，在再现时，保持这种原状可得浓调。 淡调:被摄对象色彩不饱和混有白的成分，无色物体反光率较高，且处于强光照明之下，再现时保持原状可得淡调。淡调和高调不是一回事，淡调不一定是高调。 (5)从光线处理可划分: 平涂调: 平涂调即在散射光或平光照明条件下，被摄对象的色彩、被摄对象之间及其空间位置，以对象自身的色彩来表现。以这种调子处理一场戏或一个情节段落则为平涂调。阴天拍摄可得平涂调。 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 明暗调: 即在光源和摄像机光轴成45-60?左右的照明条件下，被摄对象明暗分布有一定比例，使不同色别的对象由于接受照度不同以及阴影的作用，使相互间的差异加大。同一色别的对象(比如一棵树)也由此产生明度和饱和度的变化而构成色彩差别。例如一棵绿树在侧光照明下会有亮斑、亮绿、中绿、暗绿、黑等不同变化。近而使画面色彩丰富多彩。以这种光线处理一场戏或一个情节段落，甚至整个作品 故事 滥竽充数故事班主任管理故事5分钟二年级语文看图讲故事传统美德小故事50字120个国学经典故事ppt (影片、电视剧等)称做明暗调处理。 2.画面影调和色调的控制 (1)被摄对象色阶的选择和配置 随着影视摄影技术的发展，真实再现对象的色阶已经是轻而易举了。然而用摄像方法彻底改变景物的色彩是不可能的。比如摄像不能把绿树拍成红树，在一般情况下，把白的拍成黑的也是困难的，因为色是光的一种现象，绿树用任何色光照明也不可成为红色。因此，控制画面色调和阶调最基本的方法就是被摄对象色彩和明暗的选择。在演播室拍摄首先是布景的色彩、明暗设计和配置，环境色是暖色还是冷色，是暗一点还是亮些都直接影响画面色调、阶调再现。布景色彩确定之后，还有人物服装、大型道具色彩的选择和配置。拍摄之前摄影师经常和美工师、服装师、道具师一起研究构成画面色阶的诸元素，以便达成控制画面色阶的共识。 《法国中尉的女人》(英国影片)莎拉原在一个有钱人家当家庭教师，当主人去世后，为了生活不得不到波坦尼太太家当陪伴人。波坦尼太太家陈设豪华但显得十分陈旧。暗红色的大沙发，厚厚的暗绿色的窗帘挡住大半窗户、地毯为深绿色……这些重色的家俱和陈设是构成画面阴暗的冷调子的重要因素。人物服装除了莎拉穿暗紫色衣服之外，其余人物均穿着黑色衣服，因此演员服装的色彩也是构成调子的重元素。 拍外景之前，摄影师要参加选景，和导演、美工等主创人员确定外景地，其中就包括景物色彩的选择和加工。《黄土地》确定用暖黄做为整个影片基调，所以选择黄土高原做为外景地。当摄影组来到黄土高原时，已是初春，土地长出了绿草，为了保证色调再现，只好动员人力将镜头视野之内出现的青草统统除掉。 2)光对色阶再现的影响 光和色阶的关系十分密切，有光才有色，色随光变。物体的色彩是相对的。物体的色彩随着光的性质(色温)、种类、方向变化而变化。千变万化的自然光，使客观世界的色彩绚丽多彩。光对色阶再现的影响具体表现以下几个方面: ?随色温而变 光源色温和彩色摄影、摄像关系十分密切。自然光(主要指太阳直射光)在一日之内，色温在有规律地变化，阴天、晴天、多云色温也不一样。人工光色温也是不同的。阳光下的景物保持其固有色，阴天则蒙上一层青蓝色，早晨、傍晚太阳色温较低，景物又被蒙上一层橙黄色。人眼有色适应的生理特性，摄像机和彩色胶片却没有色适应功能，它能把因色温不同而产生的色彩变化一丝不苟的再现出来。由于光线的色温变化可以影响景物的色彩，故色温可以做为控制画面色调的手段。 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 《黄土地》为了取得暖黄色调，很多场景利用早晚低色温光线拍摄。拍日出、日落气氛可以加2#或3#滤色镜(琥珀色)得到橙红色调。 ?随光的种类而变(晴天、阴天) 天气不同具有不同的光线特征，拍出来的画面色阶也不相同。阴天拍摄，色温相对偏高反差很弱，正确调白平衡画面可以呈现蓝灰色调。《勇敢的心》大部分外景用阴天拍摄使整场戏呈现暗绿色调，这是一种悲壮的调子。 ?随光的方向变化 光源方向对画面色调、影调再现影响显著，它是控制画面色阶的有利手段。顺光(平光)光线均匀照明，景物保持固有色，适合表现色彩鲜艳的场面，使其呈现平涂色彩效果。顺侧、侧光照明产生明显的明暗关系，使景物色彩明度、饱和度发生变化，形成丰富的色调、影调层次。侧逆光和逆光被摄景物处理背面光照明，色彩不能正确再现。若没有补助光往往形成剪影、半剪影效果。但逆光拍全景、远景画面，调子丰富。这种光效在表现特定情绪的画面和气氛时特别有情趣。总之，光线方向的改变使整个画面的影调、色调发生显著的变化。 ?黄金时刻的画面调子 日出、日落时刻为黄金时刻。这时刻拍摄，画面调子是最为丰富，阳光色温低，天空色温高，景物受光面呈金黄色调，背光面呈现蓝色调，画面寒暖对比明显，是得到抒情画调的最好时刻。 ?色光照明 白光是摄像主要光源。白光是具有绝大部分光谱成分的光线。白光照明经调白平衡可以正确再现景物的自身色彩。有色光能改变对象的色彩，色光照在白色物上，反映出色光的色彩。色光照明在有色对象上，会使对象色彩发生变化，变化规律按减色效应变化。红色光照明在暖色对象时，对象增强其饱和度，当色光照明其补色的对象时能减弱对象的色彩，或使彩色对象的色彩消失。比如，红光照在绿色物体时，会呈现黑色。 由于色光照明，会明显改变画面色调，若不是特殊 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 一般不轻易使用色光照明。什么情况下，使用色光照明呢? A、模拟某种光效，比如火光、烛光、歌舞厅灯光、舞台灯光、台灯……一般在聚光灯前加色纸即可。 B、为创造某种特定的情绪，抒发作者和剧中人物的情绪和感情时，可以用色光给以烘托。纪实风格的摄影很少用色光照明。 (3)用黑白平衡调整控制画面色调 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,