蓝牙射频规范

Part A RADIO SPECIFICATION BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 17 of 1084 Radio Specification CONTENTS 1 Scope ..................................................................................................18 2 Frequency Bands and Channel Arrangement .................................19 3 Transmitter Characteristics...............................................................20 3.1 MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS ........................................21 3.2 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS ...........................................................22 3.2.1 In-band Spurious Emission ...........................................22 3.2.2 Out-of-Band Spurious Emission ....................................23 3.3 RADIO FREQUENCY TOLERANCE .........................................23 4 Receiver Characteristics ...................................................................24 4.1 ACTUAL SENSITIVITY LEVEL..................................................24 4.2 INTERFERENCE PERFORMANCE ..........................................24 4.3 OUT-OF-BAND BLOCKING.......................................................25 4.4 INTERMODULATION CHARACTERISTICS..............................25 4.5 MAXIMUM USABLE LEVEL ......................................................26 4.6 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS ...........................................................26 4.7 RECEIVER SIGNAL STRENGTH INDICATOR (optional) .........26 4.8 REFERENCE SIGNAL DEFINITION .........................................27 5 Appendix A .........................................................................................28 6 Appendix B .........................................................................................31 22 February 2001 17 BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 18 of 1084 Radio Specification 18 22 February 2001 BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 19 of 1084 Radio Specification 1 SCOPE The Bluetooth transceiver is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. This specifica- tion defines the requirements for a Bluetooth transceiver operating in this unli- censed band. Requirements are defined for two reasons: • Provide compatibility between the radios used in the system • Define the quality of the system The Bluetooth transceiver shall fulfil the stated requirements under the operating conditions specified in Appendix A and Appendix B. The Radio parameters must be measured according to the methods described in the RF Test Specification. This specification is based on the established regulations for Europe, Japan and North Amer- ica. The standard documents listed below are only for information, and are subject to change or revision at any time. Europe (except France and Spain): Approval Standards: European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI Documents: ETS 300-328, ETS 300-826 Approval Authority: National Type Approval Authorities France: Approval Standards: La Reglementation en France por les Equipements fonctionnant dans la bande de frequences 2.4 GHz "RLAN-Radio Local Area Network" Documents: SP/DGPT/ATAS/23, ETS 300-328, ETS 300-826 Approval Authority: Direction Generale des Postes et Telecommunications Note: A new R&TTE EU Directive will be in effect by March 2000, with consequent effects on the manufacturer’s declaration of conformity and free circulation of products within the EU. Spain: Approval Standards: Supplemento Del Numero 164 Del Boletin Oficial Del Estado (Published 10 July 91, Revised 25 June 93) Documents: ETS 300-328, ETS 300-826 Approval Authority: Cuadro Nacional De Atribucion De Frecuesias Japan: Approval Standards: Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, ARIB Documents: RCR STD-33A Approval Authority: Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, MPT Note: The Japanese rules are in revision. Decisions on the revision will take place in Q2 1999. North Americas: Approval Standards: Federal Communications Commission, FCC, USA Documents: CFR47, Part 15, Sections 15.205, 15.209, 15.247 Approval Standards: Industry Canada, IC, Canada Documents: GL36 Approval Authority: FCC (USA), Industry Canada (Canada) Scope 22 February 2001 19 BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 20 of 1084 Radio Specification 2 FREQUENCY BANDS AND CHANNEL ARRANGEMENT The Bluetooth system is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medicine) band. In a vast majority of countries around the world the range of this frequency band is 2400 - 2483.5 MHz. Some countries have however national limitations in the frequency range. In order to comply with these national limitations, special frequency hopping algorithms have been specified for these countries. It should be noted that products implementing the reduced frequency band will not work with products implementing the full band. The products implementing the reduced frequency band must therefore be consid- ered as local versions for a single market. The Bluetooth SIG has launched a campaign to overcome these difficulties and reach total harmonization of the frequency band. Channel spacing is 1 MHz. In order to comply with out-of-band regulations in each country, a guard band is used at the lower and upper band edge. Geography Regulatory Range RF Channels USA, Europe and most other countries1) Note 1. The Bluetooth Specification includes a special frequency hopping pattern to pro- vide provisions for compliance with national limitations like in France. The fre- quency range for France is 2.4465 - 2.4835 GHz and the corresponding RF channels are f = 2454 + k MHz, k= 0,...,22. . 2.400-2.4835 GHz f=2402+k MHz, k=0,…,78 Table 2.1: Operating frequency bands Geography Lower Guard Band Upper Guard Band USA, Europe and most other countries 2 MHz 3.5 MHz Table 2.2: Guard Bands 20 22 February 2001 Frequency Bands and Channel Arrangement BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 21 of 1084 Radio Specification 3 TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS The requirements stated in this section are given as power levels at the antenna connector of the equipment. If the equipment does not have a connec- tor, a reference antenna with 0 dBi gain is assumed. Due to difficulty in measurement accuracy in radiated measurements, it is pre- ferred that systems with an integral antenna provide a temporary antenna con- nector during type approval. If transmitting antennas of directional gain greater than 0 dBi are used, the applicable paragraphs in ETSI 300 328 and FCC part 15 must be compensated for. The equipment is classified into three power classes. A power control is required for power class 1 equipment. The power control is used for limiting the transmitted power over 0 dBm. Power control capability under 0 dBm is optional and could be used for optimizing the power consump- tion and overall interference level. The power steps shall form a monotonic sequence, with a maximum step size of 8 dB and a minimum step size of 2 dB. A class 1 equipment with a maximum transmit power of +20 dBm must be able to control its transmit power down to 4 dBm or less. Equipment with power control capability optimizes the output power in a link with LMP commands (see Link Manager Protocol). It is done by measuring RSSI and report back if the power should be increased or decreased. Note that power class 1 must not be used for sending packets from one device to another if the receiving side of a connection does not support the necessary messaging for power control of the sending side (i.e. RSSI measurements and Power Class Maximum Output Power (Pmax) Nominal Output Power Minimum Output Power1) Note 1. Minimum output power at maximum power setting. Power Control 1 100 mW (20 dBm) N/A 1 mW (0 dBm) Pmin<+4 dBm to Pmax Optional: Pmin2) to Pmax Note 2. The lower power limit Pmin<-30dBm is suggested but is not mandatory, and may be chosen according to application needs. 2 2.5 mW (4 dBm) 1 mW (0 dBm) 0.25 mW (-6 dBm) Optional: Pmin2) to Pmax 3 1 mW (0 dBm) N/A N/A Optional: Pmin2) to Pmax Table 3.1: Power classes Transmitter Characteristics 22 February 2001 21 BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 22 of 1084 Radio Specification related messages). In this case, the transmitter should comply with the rules of a class 2 or class 3 transmitter. Also note that if a class 1 device is paging or inquiring very close to another device, the input power could be larger than the requirement in 4.5 Maximum usable level. This can cause the listening device to fail to respond. It is there- fore useful to page and inquireas well using transmission according to power class 2 or class 3. 3.1 MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS The Modulation is GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) with a BT=0.5. The Modulation index must be between 0.28 and 0.35. A binary one is repre- sented by a positive frequency deviation, and a binary zero is represented by a negative frequency deviation. The symbol timing shall be better than ±20 ppm. Figure 3.1: Figure 3-1 Actual transmit modulation. For each transmit channel, the minimum frequency deviation (Fmin = the lesser of {Fmin+, Fmin-}) which corresponds to 1010 sequence shall be no smaller than ±80% of the frequency deviation (fd) which corresponds to a 00001111 sequence. In addition, the minimum deviation shall never be smaller than 115 kHz. The data transmitted has a symbol rate of 1 Ms/s. The zero crossing error is the time difference between the ideal symbol period and the measured crossing time. This shall be less than ± 1/8 of a symbol period. Ideal Zero C rossing Fm in- Fmin+ Ft - fd F t+ fd Transm it Frequency Ft Zero C rossing E rror Tim e 22 22 February 2001 Transmitter Characteristics BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 23 of 1084 Radio Specification 3.2 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS The spurious emission, in-band and out-of-band, is measured with a frequency hopping transmitter hopping on a single frequency; this means that the synthe- sizer must change frequency between receive slot and transmit slot, but always returns to the same transmit frequency. For the USA, FCC parts 15.247, 15.249, 15.205 and 15.209 are applicable reg- ulations. For Japan, RCR STD-33 applies and, for Europe, ETSI 300 328. 3.2.1 In-band Spurious Emission Within the ISM band the transmitter shall pass a spectrum mask, given in Table 3.2. The spectrum must comply with the FCC's 20-dB bandwidth defini- tion and should be measured accordingly. In addition to the FCC requirement an adjacent channel power on adjacent channels with a difference in channel number of two or greater an adjacent channel power is defined. This adjacent channel power is defined as the sum of the measured power in a 1 MHz channel. The transmitted power shall be measured in a 100 kHz band- width using maximum hold. The transmitter is transmitting on channel M and the adjacent channel power is measured on channel number N. The transmit- ter is sending a pseudo random data pattern throughout the test. Exceptions are allowed in up to three bands of 1 MHz width centered on a fre- quency which is an integer multiple of 1 MHz. They must, however, comply with an absolute value of –20 dBm. Frequency offset Transmit Power ± 500 kHz -20 dBc |M-N| = 2 -20 dBm |M-N| ≥ 3 -40 dBm Table 3.2: Transmit Spectrum mask. Note: If the output power is less than 0dBm then, wherever appropriate, the FCC's 20 dB relative requirement overrules the absolute adjacent channel power requirement stated in the above table. Transmitter Characteristics 22 February 2001 23 BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 24 of 1084 Radio Specification 3.2.2 Out-of-Band Spurious Emission The measured power should be measured in a 100 kHz bandwidth. 3.3 RADIO FREQUENCY TOLERANCE The transmitted initial center frequency accuracy must be ±75 kHz from Fc. The initial frequency accuracy is defined as being the frequency accuracy before any information is transmitted. Note that the frequency drift requirement is not included in the ±75 kHz. The transmitter center frequency drift in a packet is specified in Table 3.4. The different packets are defined in the Baseband Specification. Frequency Band Operation mode Idle mode 30 MHz - 1 GHz -36 dBm -57 dBm 1 GHz – 12.75 GHz -30 dBm -47 dBm 1.8 GHz – 1.9 GHz -47 dBm -47 dBm 5.15 GHz – 5.3 GHz -47 dBm -47 dBm Table 3.3: Out-of-band spurious emission requirement Type of Packet Frequency Drift One-slot packet ±25 kHz Three-slot packet ±40 kHz Five-slot packet ±40 kHz Maximum drift rate1) Note 1. The maximum drift rate is allowed anywhere in a packet. 400 Hz/µs Table 3.4: Frequency drift in a package 24 22 February 2001 Transmitter Characteristics BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 25 of 1084 Radio Specification 4 RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS In order to measure the bit error rate performance; the equipment must have a “loop back” facility. The equipment sends back the decoded information. This facility is specified in the Test Mode Specification. The reference sensitivity level referred to in this chapter equals -70 dBm. 4.1 ACTUAL SENSITIVITY LEVEL The actual sensitivity level is defined as the input level for which a raw bit error rate (BER) of 0.1% is met. The requirement for a Bluetooth receiver is an actual sensitivity level of –70 dBm or better. The receiver must achieve the –70 dBm sensitivity level with any Bluetooth transmitter compliant to the transmitter specification specified in Section 3 on page 21. 4.2 INTERFERENCE PERFORMANCE The interference performance on Co-channel and adjacent 1 MHz and 2 MHz are measured with the wanted signal 10 dB over the reference sensitivity level. On all other frequencies the wanted signal shall be 3 dB over the reference sensitivity level. Should the frequency of an interfering signal lie outside of the band 2400- 2497 MHz, the out-of-band blocking specification (see Section 4.3 on page 26) shall apply. The interfering signal shall be Bluetooth-modulated (see section 4.8 on page 28). The BER shall be ≤ 0.1%. The signal to interference ratio shall be: Requirement Ratio Co-Channel interference, C/Ico-channel 11 dB1) Note 1. These specifications are tentative and will be fixed within 18 months after the release of the Bluetooth specification version 1.0. Implementations have to fulfil the final specification after a 3-years’ convergence period starting at the release of the Bluetooth specification version 1.0. During the convergence period, devices need to achieve a co-channel interference resistance of +14 dB, an ACI (@1MHz) resistance of +4 dB, Image frequency interference resistance of –6 dB and an ACI to in-band image frequency resistance of –16 dB. Adjacent (1 MHz) interference, C/I1MHz 0 dB1 Adjacent (2 MHz) interference, C/I2MHz -30 dB Adjacent (≥3 MHz) interference, C/I≥3MHz -40 dB Image frequency Interference2) 3), C/IImage Note 2. In-band image frequency Note 3. If the image frequency ≠ n*1 MHz, than the image reference frequency is defined as the closest n*1 MHz frequency. Note 4. If two adjacent channel specifications from Table 4.1 are applicable to the same -9 dB1 Adjacent (1 MHz) interference to in-band image frequency, C/IImage±1MHz -20 dB1 Table 4.1: Interference performance Receiver Characteristics 22 February 2001 25 channel, the more relaxed specification applies. BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 26 of 1084 Radio Specification These specifications are only to be tested at nominal temperature conditions with a receiver hopping on one frequency, meaning that the synthesizer must change frequency between receive slot and transmit slot, but always return to the same receive frequency. Frequencies where the requirements are not met are called spurious response frequencies. Five spurious response frequencies are allowed at frequencies with a distance of ≥2 MHz from the wanted signal. On these spurious response frequencies a relaxed interference requirement C/I = -17 dB shall be met. 4.3 OUT-OF-BAND BLOCKING The Out of band blocking is measured with the wanted signal 3 dB over the ref- erence sensitivity level. The interfering signal shall be a continuous wave sig- nal. The BER shall be ≤ 0.1%. The Out of band blocking shall fulfil the following requirements: 24 exceptions are permitted which are dependent upon the given receive chan- nel frequency and are centered at a frequency which is an integer multiple of 1 MHz. At 19 of these spurious response frequencies a relaxed power level -50 dBm of the interferer may used to achieve a BER of 0.1%. At the remaining 5 spurious response frequencies the power level is arbitrary. 4.4 INTERMODULATION CHARACTERISTICS The reference sensitivity performance, BER = 0.1%, shall be met under the fol- lowing conditions. • The wanted signal at frequency f0 with a power level 6 dB over the reference sensitivity level. • A static sine wave signal at f1 with a power level of –39 dBm • A Bluetooth modulated signal (see Section 4.8 on page 28) at f2 with a power level of -39 dBm Such that f0=2f1-f2 and  f2-f1 =n*1 MHz, where n can be 3, 4, or 5. The system must fulfil one of the three alternatives. Interfering Signal Frequency Interfering Signal Power Level 30 MHz - 2000 MHz -10 dBm 2000 - 2399 MHz -27 dBm 2498 – 3000 MHz -27 dBm 3000 MHz – 12.75 GHz -10 dBm Table 4.2: Out of Band blocking requirements 26 22 February 2001 Receiver Characteristics BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 27 of 1084 Radio Specification 4.5 MAXIMUM USABLE LEVEL The maximum usable input level the receiver shall operate at shall be better than – 20 dBm. The BER shall be less or equal to 0,1% at –20* dBm input power. 4.6 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS The spurious emission for a Bluetooth receiver shall not be more than: The measured power should be measured in a 100 kHz bandwidth. 4.7 RECEIVER SIGNAL STRENGTH INDICATOR (OPTIONAL) A transceiver that wishes to support power-controlled links must be able to measure the strength of the received signal and determine if the transmitter on the other side of the link should increase or decrease its output power level. A Receiver Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) makes this possible. The RSSI measurement compares the received signal power with two thresh- old levels, which define the Golden Receive Power Range. The lower threshold level corresponds to a received power between -56 dBm and 6 dB above the actual sensitivity of the receiver. The upper threshold level is 20 dB above the lower threshold level to an accuracy of +/- 6 dB (see Figure 4.1 on page 27). Figure 4.1: RSSI dynamic range and accuracy Frequency Band Requirement 30 MHz - 1 GHz -57 dBm 1 GHz – 12.75 GHz -47 dBm Table 4.3: Out-of-band spurious emission Upper threshold Lower threshold 20±6dB m ax = -56 dB m m in = 6dB above ac tua l R X sens itiv ity Receiver Characteristics 22 February 2001 27 BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 28 of 1084 Radio Specification 4.8 REFERENCE SIGNAL DEFINITION A Bluetooth modulated interfering signal is defined as: Modulation = GFSK Modulation index = 0.32±1% BT= 0.5±1% Bit Rate = 1 Mbps ±1 ppm Modulating Data for wanted signal = PRBS9 Modulating Data for interfering signal = PRBS 15 Frequency accuracy better than ±1 ppm. 28 22 February 2001 Receiver Characteristics BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.1 page 29 of 1084 Radio Specification 5 APPENDIX A 5.1 NOMINAL TEST CONDITIONS (NTC) 5.1.1 Nominal temperature The nominal temperature conditions for tests shall be +15 to +35 oC. When it is impractical to carry out the test under this condition a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature, shall be recorded. The actual value during the test shall be recorded in the test report. 5.1.2 Nominal Power source 5.1.2.1 Mains Voltage The nominal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. The n