职称英语综合类概括大意第3篇English and English Community

第三篇English and English Community 英语和英语群体 There is no denying that English is a useful language. 毫无疑问英语是一种有用的语言。The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. 现在说英语的人构成了除了说汉语者之外最大的语言群体。Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. 最初他们是从北欧定居英格兰的一些小部落。Their languages became more and more similar to each other. 他们的语言变得越来越相似。Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. 最终,这种语言具有了足够的统一性,致使所有在英格兰居住的人都能使用。The people were united into a speech community through their shared language. 人们由于共享同一种语言而组成一个语言群体。 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. 一个语言群体和其他类型的群体相似。The people who make up the community share common language. 构成这个群体的人共同使用一种语言。Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city.通常他们彼此相邻,就像四邻、一个村庄或城市那样。More often they form a whole country. 通常他们组成一个国家。National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. 然而国界并不一定是一种语言群体的分界线。A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live. 一个语言群体是讲同一种语言的人群,无论他们住在哪里。 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. 我们可以说讲英语的人都属于英语语言群体。For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups :为了方便起见,我们可以把说英语的人分为两类:one in which the speakers use English as their native language, 第一类中讲话者把英语作为他的母语,the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on. 另一类中讲话者因为教育、商业等目的把英语作为第二语言来学。 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language. 对世界上许多在国际交往中把英语作为第二语言的国家来说,英语是在公共活动的几个领域中可供选用的语言之一。English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. 英语被用作空中交通、商业和国际外交的语言Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English. 英语是世界上大部分出版物所用的语言,因此教育开始严重地依赖对英语的理解。 Learning second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.学语言能开阔人的眼界和拓宽人的思维。The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; 第二语言记载的历史和羑学记述个民族真实和虛构的生活和文化;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. 了解它们能够提高我们的理解力,并且像他们那样去感受。Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage. 把英语作为第二外语来学可以提供另一种交流途径,通过这个途径作为整个英语语言群体的窗口就成为我们的文化遗产的一部分。 练习: 1.Paragraph 2 ___________ 2.Paragraph 3 ___________ 3.Paragraph 4 ___________ 4.Paragraph 5 ___________ A. The Wide Use of English B. Historical Account of English and Its Community C. The Advantages of Learning a Second Language D. The Composition of the English Community E. The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages F. The Definition of a Speech Community 5.Only through the shared language_______. 6. The idea of the national boundaries is often different from_______. 7. Speakers are classified into two groups_______. 8. An understanding of English_______. A. that of a speech community B. can a speech community be formed C. in order to learn English better D. for the sake of simplicity E. has played an important role in the field of education F. is widely used in several areas of public activity 答案与题解: F此段-释何为语言群体,最后一句话是关键,可以看做是语言群体的定义。 D此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人,所以用composition"构成"一词。 A此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用,如航空、商务、外交、教育等。 C此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处,最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。 B答案来自第一段最后一句,说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以only开头的句子谓语部分要求使用倒装句。 A第二段第四句话表明酉界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that用来替代the +有关前述名词,以避免重复。、 A The Wide Use of English B Historical Account of English and Its Community C The Advantages of Learning a Second Language D The Composition of the English Community E The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages F The Definition of a Speech Community D第三段第二句表明,为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。ft)r the sake of指"出于…… 的考虑" 。 8. E第最后一句话表明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。