初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表

初中英语 初中英语完形填空题解初中英语口语资料初中英语单元作业设计初中英语语法时态ppt初中英语作业布置浅谈 动词时态归纳总结对照 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表 名用 法 动词形式(以do为例) 常 用 时 间 状 语 例 句 称 in the morning/afternoon/ 一 1.现在的状态 morning 1.She is twelve. 般 2.经常性或习I/We/You/They do... every day/morning/Sunday 2.I get up at 6:30 every 现 惯性的动作 day. He/She/It does... on Sunay 在 3.主语具备的3.She likes swimming. always usually often 性格或能力 时 sometimes 1.过去某时发一 I/We did... yesterday(morning/afternoon) 生的动作或存1.I got up at 6:30 般 在的状态 You did... last night/Sunday in 1990 yesterday. 过 2.过去经常或He/She/It did... two days ago always 2.He always went to work 去 反复发生的动by bus last year. They did... usually often sometimes 时 作 I shall do... I'm going to do... 1.将来某时间1.I will go to my home town 一 We/You/They/He/She/ 要发生的动或tomorrow next week. 般 It will do... 存在的状态 (morning/afternoon/ 2.I'll come to see you every 将 We/You/They are 2.将来经常或evening) Sunday. going 来 反复发生的 next year/month/week 3.I'm going to swim to do... 时 动作 tomorrow afternoon. He/She/It is going to do... 现 I'm doing... 1.She is watering the 现在或当前一在 flowers. He/She/It is doing... 段时间内正在进 now 2.Are they working now? We/You/They are 进行或发生的 doing 行 3.They are listening to the 动作 teacher. ... 时 过 I/He/She/It was doing 1.We were reading in class this time yesterday 去 this time yesterday ... 过去某一时刻at ten o'clock yesterday 进 或某一段正在2.I was drawing a picture We/You/They were at that time 进行的动作 when the teacher doing 行 when he came back came in. .... 时 现 already just before never He/She/It has done... 1.I've already posted the 1.过去发生或 letter. 在 已经完成的某for three years We/You/They have 完 一动作对现在done since 1990 2.We have known each 造成的影响或other for ten years. 成 ... this morning 结果 3.They lived here since 时 these days 2.表示过去已1997. 经开始并持续4.Have you ever been to 到现在的动作Beijing? 或状态 过 1.I had learned 2000 words 去 by the end of… 过去某一时间by the end of last term. I/We/You/He/She/It 完 前已经发后的when+一般过去时 had done……. 2.When I got out,the bus 动作或状态 成 before+一般过去时 had already left. 时 现 现在以前的一在 段时间里一直I/We/You/They have 1.I have been skating for 完 进行的动作,been doing…. since nine o’clock five hours. 成 这个运作可能 He/She/It has been for five hours 2.She has been skating 仍在进行,也进 doing…. since nine o’clock.. 可能继续进行行 下去 时 初中英语时态专项练习 1、 一般现在时。 通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句: 1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词(形容词，介词短语) 2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它 第三人称单数+动词-s+其它 如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 三、一般现在时的变化 否定句: 1)主语+ be (is,am,are)+ not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它 I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句:1)Be(Is,Are) +主语+其它?如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它, Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+, 注意:遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any. Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 一般现在时用法专练: 一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 二、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) 三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 2、现在进行时。 通常用“now/look/listen”. 1(现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在 进行的动作。 2(现在进行时的结构:. 肯定句 : 主语+be(is,am,are ) +动词现在分词-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 否定句:主语+be(is,am,are )+not + 动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句:Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing, 特殊疑问:疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 3.动词加ing的变化规则 1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如:cook-cooking 2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如:make-making, taste-tasting 3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing， 如:run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming 4. 现在进行时专项练习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______二、用所给的动词的正确 形式填空: 1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换: 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) 2(The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) 3(I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) ? ? 3、 一般过去时态 一般过去时通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last…”等。 1(一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2(Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ?am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) ?are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) ?带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3.行为动词的一般过去时变化 肯定句(Positive) 动词过去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句(Negative) didn’t + 动词原形 I didn’t go shopping last night. 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did …+ 动词原形…? Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句(wh-) What did…+ 动词原形…? What did you do last night? 4.动词过去式的变化: 规则动词的变化: 一般动词 +ed planted,watered,climbed 以不发音的e结尾 +d liked 辅音字母加y结尾 -y+ ied study—studied, cry- cried 重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写最后一个字stop –stopped 母+ed plan - planned 不规则动词的变化: 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 5.特殊疑问句: ?疑问词+did+主语+动词原形,如: What did Jim do yesterday? ?疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式,如:Who went to home yesterday? 过去时练习: 写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be动词的过去时练习:A 一、 用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now. 2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago. 4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 二、 句型转换 1. It was exciting. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 2. All the students were very excited. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习:B 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 二、句型转换 1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 2. We sang some English songs. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 三、中译英 1(格林先生去年住在中国。 2. 昨天我们参观了农场。 3. 他刚才在找他的手机。 过去时综合练习A 一、 用动词的适当形式填空 1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday. 2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night. 3. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play) 4. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now. 5. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____. 二、 中译英 1.我们上周五看了一部电影。 2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗,是的。 3.你们上个儿童节做了什么,我们参观了动物园。 4、一般将来时 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 1.基本结构:?主语+be (is,am,are)going to +动词原形. ?主语+will+ 动词原形. 2.否定句:?主语+be (is,am,are)+not +going to +动词原形. ?主语+will +not(won’t)+ 动词原形. 例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.? I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 3.一般疑问句:?Is(Are)+主语 +going to +动词原形.+? ?Will+主语+动词原形+? 例:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. ? Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are. No, we aren’t. Will he go to Beijing next week? Yes,he will. No,he won’t. 4.对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1). 问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. ?Who’s going to New York soon. 2). 问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. ?What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3). 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. ?When is she going to bed? 5同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 一、练习:填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗,是，她要去买一些水果。 _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 二、改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定) I _______ go ______ join them. 7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句) ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句) _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问) ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空。 11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? 15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects. 16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now. 5.过去进行时: 肯定句:主语+助动词be (was,were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它 否定句:主语+助动词be (was,were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它 一般疑问句:Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它, 特殊疑问句:疑问词+was(were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它? 用法: 1、 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作(即与when, while引出的时间状语从句连用)。 例:They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening. 昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。 What were you doing at this time last week? 上周的这个时候你在干什么, When the teacher came in, they were talking. 老师进来时，他们在讲话。 2、 表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。 例:They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午2点到3点他们在游泳。 She was watching TV the whole morning. 她整个上午在看电视。 3、 表示过去将要发生的动作。 例:He said he was leaving on Tuesday. 他说他周二动身。 Tom said he was going tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天去。 4、 用过去进行时描写故事背景。 例:It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑了下来，风势增强了。 The procession was going. He was standing among the crowd looking on. 队伍在前进。他站在人群 中观看。 5.过去进行时练习题: 一、 单项选择 ( )1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding ( )2. Tom ___ into the house when no one ___. A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked C. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked ( )3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields. A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking ( )4.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared ( )5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked ( )6.---Hey, look where you are going! ---Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.________. A. I ' m not noticing B. I wasn ' t noticing C. I haven ' t noticed D. I don ' t notice ( )7. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel ( )8. I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came. A. had B. had been having C. have been having D. was having ( )9.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone. A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken ( )10. “ What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ” “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home. ” A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought 二、动词填空。 ,(John_______(work) all day yesterday. ,(He _______(walk) home when the (rian)_______begin. ,( —What______you _______(do) at ten o'clock yesterday？ —I_______(studay) in class( ,(When Harry _______(have) breakfast Lily _______(telephone) him( ,(When I ________ (go) to school this morning I ______ (see) a car running into a bus( 6. This time yesterday Jack ______ (mend) his bike. 7. I ______ (write) a letter at ten last night. 8. It was six. The Greens ______ (have) supper. 9. When you ______ (knock) at the door yesterday,I ______ (do) some washing. 10. While my mother ______ (watch) TV, I ______(make) a kite. 三、 英汉互译。 1.昨晚我给你打电话时，你正在干什么, 2.上中学时，我住老师家里。 3.他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。 4.They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 5.Soon the whole town was talking about it. 6. 现在完成时 构成:肯定句:主语+助动词have(has)+动词过去分词-ed 否定句:主语+助动词have(has)+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词过去分词-ed 一般疑问句:Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+, 特殊疑问句:疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+, 用法: 1、 表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被 just,already,yet 等副词修饰。 Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。 2(现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since 等表示一段时 间的状语。 如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983. 3.现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下: come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at open --- be open die --- be dead close --- be closed become ---be borrow --- keep put on --- wear buy --- have leave ----- be away (from) begin / start ----- be on fall asleep ---- be asleep end/finish ----- be over catch a cold ----- have a cold join the army ---- be in the army, be a soldier join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member 例:吉姆买这支已有两年了。 Jim bought this pen two years ago. Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen. 4.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 5.表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ，that” 后面跟现在完 成时。 例:This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 6. have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历 而已。 have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地 尚不确定。 如:He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。 He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。 7.现在完成时专项练习 一、 单项选择。 ( )1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ________what's happened to him . ,. knew ,. have known ,. must know ,.will know ( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? ,. already ,.never ,.ever ,. Still ( )3、Have you met Mr Li ______, ,. just ,. ago ,.before ,. a moment ago ( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . ,. is writing ,.was writing ,.wrote ,.has written ( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . ,. has changed ; well ,. changed ; good ,. has changed ; better ,. changed ; better ( )6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . ,. was ; studying ,. will ; study ,. has ; studied ,. are ; studying ( )7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . ,. know ,. had known ,. have known ,. knew ( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . ,. will see ,. have seen ,. saw ,.see ( )9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ? ,. will they go ,. did they go ,. do they go ,. have they gone ( )10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . ,. Did ; do ; finished ,. Have ; done ; finished ,. Have ; done ; have finished ,. will ; do ; finish ( )11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 . ,. joined ,. has joined ,. was in ,. has been in ( )12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . ,. were ,. have been ,. have become ,. have made ( )13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months . ,. been ,. gone ,. come ,. arrived ( )14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . ,. has begun ,. had begun ,. has been on ,. began ( )15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . ,. is ,. has ,. will ,. was ( )16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library . ,.has gone ,. went ,.will go ,. has been ( )17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . ,. have been in ,. have been to ,. have gone to ,. have been ( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they ( )19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、 句型转换。 1、He has never surfed, ?(改成反意疑问句) 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here? 3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) (动词填空) 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory ________ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句) Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) ___________________________________________ 三、 汉译英。 1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了, 7.现在完成进行时 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。。常与表示一段时间的状语，如:for two hours,since early morning,these few days 等连用。 构成: 肯定句:主语+助动词have(has)+been+动词现在分词-ing 否定句:主语+助动词have(has)+not+been+动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句:Have(Has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ have(has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+? 例:It has been raining for three hours. We have been waiting here since an hour ago. How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了, She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours. 他已经在那坐了两个小时了。 We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们常见面。 He has been telephoning me several times in two days. 这两天他打好几次电话给我。 注意事项:与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。 8. 过去完成时 构成: 肯定句:主语+助动词had +动词过去分词-ed+其它 否定句:主语+助动词had +not(hadn’t)+动词过去分词-ed+其它 一般疑问句; Had+主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+, 特殊疑问句:疑问词+had +主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+, 例:There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 用法: 1、 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，即“过去的过去“。这一动作可以是一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。这个过去的时间常用by，before after,)等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 例:The train had left before she got to the station. 在她到车站以前，火车已开走了。 We had learned about 500 English words by the end of mine. 到上个月为止，我们已经学了约500个英文单词。 Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了，他曾是我的一位好友。 2、 用于以连词when, as soon as, as…as, before, after, until, now that引导的状语从句中或一些宾语从句中以表示动作发生的时间早于主句所表示的动作，可表示原因、动作先后等关系。如: 例:After I had finished my homework, I watched TV last night. (表时间先后) We took a taxi home, as the last bus already gone. 由于最后一班公车已开走，所以，我们就乘出租车回家。(表原因) He got to the airport and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket. 他赶到机场时突然意识到他忘了带机票。 3、 用在一般过去时之后的间接引语中。 He told me that he had been seen the film the day before. 他跟我说他前一天看过那个电影了。 注意:过去完成时的句子中，终止性动词不能与一段时间连用，而状态动词的过去完成时必须和一段时间连用。如: He had already died. 他已经死了。 He had been dead for an hour. 他已经死了一个小时了。 9. 过去将来时 构成: 肯定句: 主语+助动词would+动词原形。 主语+助动词was(were) going to+动词原形。 否定句: 主语+助动词would+not(wouldn’t)+动词原形。 .主语+助动词was(were)+not+ going to+动词原形 一般疑问句:Would+主语+动词原形+, Was(Were) +主语+ going to+动词原形+? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+, was(were) +主语+ going to+动词原形+? 例:I hoped she would succeed. 用法 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。主要有以下几种形式: 1、 would + 动词原形 这一形式表示过去将来时间，通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语，多见于从句或间接引语中。 I wanted to know when you would finish the article. 我想知道你什么时候写完论文。 He said he would wait for me at the gate. 他说他将在校门口等我。 2、 was / were going to +不定式 They told me they were going to plaint trees. 他们告诉我他们打算去植树。 3、 was / were to + 不定式 这一形式通常指按过去的计划，安排将在某个过去将来时间发生的事。 The reporter said the sports meeting was to take place soon. 记者称运动会不久将举行。