筒子纱染色重现性问题

筒子纱染色重现性问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 纱线染色的重现性问题 在相同的工艺处方、工艺染化料等条件下，结果却是不同批次之间总有色差。而纺织企业，尤其是染纱工厂，其竞争力就在于即时生产与一次成功，且两者密不可分。即时生产能迅速反应市场，在最短的时间内生产出产品，一次成功是指产品应符合质量要求。产品质量一般包括两方面:内在质量与外观质量主要要求重现性。染色纱线色光重现性差，其实质就是不同批次染色时所上染的染料重现性差。为实现纱线染色的重现性，必须对染色过程中所有因素进行控制。 一般重现性差(即缸差)是指间歇式染色时，相同的被染物(纱线)用相同的染化料、处方、工艺进行染色，但不同染批被染物之间存在色差(色光不一、深浅不一或两者兼有之)的现象。 经常出现重现性差的场合一般为:小样之间，小样与中样之间，中样与大样之间，小样与大样之间;不同染机之间，或两只染机容量不同，或容量相同但制造厂家不同，甚至制造厂容量完全相同的染机之间;同一染机不同染批之间。 1 染色重现性差的原因 产生色光重现性差的原因有很多，纱线筒子染色中出现色差的原因大致有:纱线、染化料、工艺设计及控制、操作、仪器设备、水质等，总的说来是分为外在的客观因素和人为的主观因素。 1.1客观因素 1.1.1 纱线 棉纤维在其生长过程中的某种差异，会产生纤维品质的差异，故不同生产厂家生产的纱线的品质是不一样的，导致纱线吸收染料的性能也不一样，染色后的重现性就会有差异。另外，棉纤维的粗细(线密度)不同，染色后表观深度也有差异。如棉纱线7S与40S经染色后，7S的表观就显深，粗者深，细者浅。纱线的捻度、配棉、回潮率等也会影响色光的重现性。即使是同组分、同规格纤维，由于生产工艺的波动，也会造成染色性能差异，至于用回收废料重新纺纱的纤维，染色性能与常规纤维也不同。对染纱来说，当纤维批次变化，应进行小样试验，必要时进行处方调整，才能正式投产。 (若是两种或两种以上纤维的混纺纱，若混纺比有波动，染色处方两相不一，分批染色也会出现缸差)。 1.1.2 染化料 染料生产大多是有机合成反应，流程长、反应复杂，生产中任一工艺参数的波动都会使生成物组分及品质发生偏离。相同结构的染料，由于技术、设备、管理、操作、控制水平的不同，染料质量也不同;同一企业不同批次的同种染料同样存在着重现性问题，也会造成上染性能和被染物色光及深浅的差异。还有，不同染料度染色各工艺条件的敏感性(依存性)是不同should be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not >8%, diameter >760mm, not >6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge ... 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance should never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate high strength, good toughness and 的，染料越敏感(依存性越大)，重现性就越差。另外，染料厂所提供染料的拼混处方的不同，对染色性能及深浅同样会产生很大的影响，同时染料的拼混也存在着重现性及拼混均匀性问题。 还有一点，染料也有其储存周期，有的染料(如活性、可溶性还原染料)储存时间或条件不当，很容易变质，大部分染料会吸湿潮解，从而直接影响染料的力分。有时同种染料上、中、下层会发生色光和力分上的差异(色光差异经常发生在拼混染料上)，可能是由于在运输过程中不同颗粒及比重的染料、助剂出现分层，当然也不排除个别中间商的拼混质量问题。 1.1.3 仪器设备 (1)染色筒管、经轴盘管与衡器 不同形式的筒管，其密封情况不同，因而有效流量率也不同，即使主泵吐出流量一致，其间差异也可达10,,40,，染液泄露程度不同，以致实际在纱线中循环的染液量不同，致使纱线上携带的染料量不同，因而造成深浅重现差的现象。不同形式和不同设计的筒管穿透率差异变化，也会使流量变化，随之循环频率和次数也变化，长丝染色缸差。不同染机其底碟、顶碟、顶锁密封不一，泄漏不一，所以有效流量不同，缸差也无法控制。称取染料的衡器也要有严格的使用选择，不同称量范围应使用不同精度的衡器，切忌用大秤称小量。一般称量容差范围如下表: 称量容差范围表 称量范围(g) 10,100 100,1000 1000, ?10 ?10000 10000 称量容差(g) ?0.01 ?0.1 ?1.0 ?2 ?3 因而，染料称取时配备不同量程及相关感量的衡器是十分必要的，衡器的准确性也应定时标定检验。 (2)染色设备 染色机对染色的重现性影响很大，染色工作者往往对染料、温度、时间等因素比较重视，但对染色机本身的问题不够重视，以致出现了缸差也找不到原因。染机对棉纱线重现性的影响主要是，染液的循环次数和染浴温度的稳定性。 纱线筒子染色时，纱线被密实地卷绕成筒子，固定在染柱上。染液在纱线(纤维)之间强制循环(即外扩散)，将染液中的染料扩散到纱线各处。染液在筒子中的由内向外(或由外向内)的循环决定了染料与纤维之间的接触、碰撞，即染液循环次数与染料上染及表观深度的密切关系。染液在筒子纱中循环100次与循环80次的两次染色，色光肯定有差异。 不少染厂新机到厂后，或温度指示器新装时，并未对其进行严格的标定，日常使用中也不定期标定，当指示不正确时，温度表面一致，其实并不一致，从而影响染料的上染速度及平衡上染百分率，产生缸差，所以温度的指示一定要正确，温度的控制一定要准确。 should be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not >8%, diameter >760mm, not >6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge ... 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance should never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate high strength, good toughness and 1.1.4 对样光源 物体的颜色与物体对光的反射、照射光源的光谱组成有关，不同光源照射在同一物体上时，表现出的颜色经常不同，如果在订货、小样、大生产，调色时用的光源不一，由于目标不同，结果肯定不同。为此，染厂对色光应有约定的同一光源。 1.1.5 水质 筒子纱染色(包括前处理)对水质要求很高，应该使用软水。有的企业受条件限制，使用仅经过滤沉淀的地面水，其水质受自然状况的变化波动很大，造成半制品白度及染色色光的差异，因而企业应创造条件使用软水。 1.2 主观原因 1.2.1 络筒质量 我厂筒子纱染色是采用浸染法染色，表观色泽深浅很大程度上决定于染料与被染物的重量比。一般筒染装纱时只计筒子的只数，不再另行称重，所以络筒重量决定装纱重量，因而络筒必须对所有松筒100,称重。还有由于筒管和经轴盘管上布满孔眼，以供染液穿行，当筒子卷绕位置不当，或往复距离不够，会造成“露眼”，染液会从“露眼”时“短路”，不仅使筒子端面冲毛，也会影响其它筒子的流量。再者，松筒的密度与染液循环时的阻力有着直接的关系，密度大、阻力大，以致影响染液的循环流量发生变化，随之染液循环频率及在规定时间内的循环次数等一系列参数都发生变化，从而造成被染物色泽深浅不一。 1.2.2前处理 前处理的除杂程度、毛效高低、白度、洗后PH值、漂后双氧水去净情况等因素都会影响染料上染率和色光。一般染厂对染料力分的测定和称量比较重视，但忽视对其它化学品的测定及计量，对所用的烧碱、纯碱、双氧水浓度不进行分析，只按 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 书标示的计算，染液也很少进行滴定，因而前处理效果就会不一造成染色物色泽深浅和色相的差异。 1.2.3 染料的选用 棉纱线的染料选用一般有:活性染料、还原染料、直接染料等。但在我厂，棉纱线的染色一般是以活性染料为主，涤棉混纺纱是分散染料、活性染料，所以选用时要注意它们的相容性、敏感性及质量稳定性，才能保证重现性。 1.2.4染色工艺的合理性 尽管选用了合适的染料，但染色工艺设计不合理，同样会出现缸差。如温度设计、升温速率、保温速率、保温时间、助剂用量及加入方式的科学性和后处理工艺设计的合理性等，都会影响染料上染量的差异，从而造成色差。如活性染料的固色及水解与染浴的PH值有很大关系，科学的加料方式是维持PH值在一个固定值(如PH值为11.5)，这与加料方式与加料速率有should be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not >8%, diameter >760mm, not >6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge ... 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance should never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate high strength, good toughness and 很大关系，如果一次性加入，或忽快忽慢，则造成PH值波动不一，使固色和水解染料不一，从而出现色光深浅不一(而在本厂，操作工大多是此错误的操作)。 1.2.5 操作因素 操作工的操作没有按照工艺要求，有些甚至是错误的操作，但操作者和管理者都没有意识到。如打样工观察移液管的刻度时，移液管处于45?左右(应垂直);染色工不是专人负责染同一色泽，多人操作;称料工用同一只勺子取不同的染料，期间只用干抹布擦一擦;各只处方的染料都放在同一容器中，称后再倒入桶中。 还有，操作工操作不认真。如装筒时筒子间密封不良不去纠正;络筒重量超标不进行处理;化料时料桶未认真清洗;助剂不进行正确称量以及由于管理人员未制定正确严格的操作方法，操作工自行其是，更何况，在手动或半自动的设备上，也常会发生工艺变更，工艺的不重现，会造成染色重现性差。 1.2.6管理问题 染色重现性，不仅涉及染色工序，而且涉及生产全过程，是一个系统工程，其中与管理也有密切关系，如坯纱和半制品管理、染料管理、计量管理、技术管理和化验室管理:同一色号应使用同一批坯纱，若要更换就得重新复样，应做到“先练先用”、“后练后用”、“同色同批”;不同生产厂制造的染料，即使同厂不同批次的染料也会出现重现性问题等等这些由于在管理上的不注重，也易使筒子纱线的染色出现批次间生产的重现性差。 1.2.7实验室对大生产的跟踪 首先实验室对生产的支持方式，不是将工艺及处方传递到大生产，而是在实验室模拟大生产，做到大生产——实验室的高度重现性。当大生产出现色相不符要修色时，实验室应共同参加完成，实验室对大生产提供的信息(大小样色光差异)，应进行分析及试验，找出各只染料大小样生产之间的相关关系，以减少修色。 另外，要做到大生产——实验室的高度重视，首先要做到实验室与实验室的重现性，以及大生产与大生产的重现性，否则大生产与实验室的重现性就差。 2 解决措施 纱线染色的重现性差，在纱线的生产中经常遇到，根据我厂纱线的染色情况及我对生产操作的部分了解，觉得应在以下方面加强管理，尽量从基本保证纱线染色的重现: (1) 设备的选用 应选用能保证产品染色质量和缩短染色时间功能，采用自落顶锁装置，利用设备的内流进行筒纱的自然压缩的设备，以在设备上提供重现性的基本条件; (2) 络筒质量 为保证染透，筒纱的密度一般控制在0.35,0.40之间，压缩后的密度应控制在0.41,0.46之间; should be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not >8%, diameter >760mm, not >6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge ... 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance should never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate high strength, good toughness and (3) 染化料 慎重选用染料的品种，注重染料批次间的检验，保证染料室清洁通风干燥，做好染料的防潮; (4) 工艺参数 工艺参数的制定与控制是染色的关键，一个好的染色工艺必须有一组科学、合理的参数来支撑。如盐、碱用量，我们应注重加料的方式和加料的时间，可利用提前化好的盐，减少因盐未充分溶解造成染料聚集和沉淀，使染色出现重现性差现象; (5) 打样与放样 化验室的小样应尽最大程度仿照大生产的实际情况，包括循环时间、升温速率、盐和碱的加入、染色后处理、对色光源等;所以大样生产前必须做中样实验，化验室技术人员做好跟踪 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 ，作为大生产时的参考资料;大样投产时，工艺员要根据小样与大样的差异及以往的经验和对染料性能的掌握，对工艺进行适度调整，得出大样投产的工艺;小样与投产的用纱要一致，前处理工艺、后处理工艺要一致，换纱线要复样，打小样的染料母液存放时间不宜过长，以免染料浓度、力分变化; (6) 操作因素 打小样人员操作要 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 ，科学使用染料，另加大操作工的 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 ，减少助剂的使用种类，使用精确的计量器具; 7) 其他因素 小样用水应与大生产一致，(尽量使用软水，软水的PH值应控制在7.0左右，以保证染色是PH值的稳定性，;加强助剂的质量检测;不同批次间的原棉和配棉使用，化验室要在染前复样，若色光有变化，要及时调整;前处理是染色的基础，前处理不好，基础打不牢，染色一样会出现重现性差，应注重纱线的前处理。 should be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not >8%, diameter >760mm, not >6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge ... 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance should never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate high strength, good toughness and