医院隔离技术规范

医院隔离技术 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 1 范围 本 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 规定了医院隔离的管理要求、建筑布局与隔离要求、医务人员防护用品的使用和不同传播途径疾病的隔离与预防。 本标准适用于各级各类医院。 其他医疗机构参照执行。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是标注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改(不包括勘误内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注明日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。 GB 19082 区用一次性防护服技术要求 WS/T 313 医务人员手卫生规范 消毒技术规范卫生部 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本标准。 3. 1 感染源source of infection 病原体自然生存、繁殖并排出的宿主或场所。 3.2 传播途径modes of lransmission 病原体从感染源传播到易感者的途径。 3. 3 易感人群susceptible hosts 对某种疾病或传染病缺乏免疫力的人群。 3.4 标准预防staodard precaotion 针对医院所有患者和医务人员采取的一组预防感染措施。包括手卫生，根据预期可能的暴露选用手套、隔离衣、口罩、护目镜或防护面屏，以及安全注射。也包括穿戴合适的防护用品处理患者环境中污染的物品与医疗器械。 标准预防基于患者的血液、体液、分泌物(不包括汗液)、非完整皮肤和黏膜均可能含有感染性因子的原则。 3.5 空气传播airborne transmission 带有病原微生物的微粒子(?5 μm) 通过空气流动导致的疾病传播。 3.6 飞沫传播droplet transmission 带有病原微生物的飞沫核( > 5μm) ，在空气中短距离(l m 内)移动到易感人群的口、鼻黏膜或眼结膜等导致的传播。 3. 7 接触传播contact transmission 病原体通过手、媒介物直接或间接接触导致的传播。 3.8 感染链infection chain 感染在医院内传播的三个环节，即感染源、传播途径和易感人群。 3.9 个人防护用品personal protective equipment ,PPE 用于保护医务人员避免接触感染性因子的各种屏障用品。包括口罩、手套、护目镜、防护面罩、防水围裙、隔离衣、防护服等。 3.9. 1 纱布口罩mask 保护呼吸道免受有害粉尘、气溶胶、微生物及灰尘伤害的防护用品。 3.9.2 外科口罩surgical mask 能阻止血液、体液和飞溅物传播的，医护人员在有创操作过程中佩带的口罩。 3. 9. 3 医用防护口.. respirator 能阻止经空气传播的直径?5μm 感染因子或近距离< 1m) 接触经飞沫传播的疾病而发生感染的口罩。医用防护口罩的使用包括密合性测试、 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 、型号的选择、医学处理和维护。 3. 9. 4 护目镜 防止患者的血液、体液等具有感染性物质溅入人体眼部的用品。 3. 9. 5 防护面罩(防护面屏) 防止患者的血液、体液等具有感染性物质溅到人体面部的用品。 3. 9. 6 手套 防止病原体通过医务人员的手传播疾病和污染环境的用品。 3. 9. 7 隔离衣 用于保护医务人员避免受到血液、体液和其他感染性物质污染，或用于保护患者避免感染的防护用品。根据与患者接触的方式包括接触感染性物质的情况和隔离衣阻隔血液和体液的可能性选择是否穿隔离衣和选择其型号。 3. 9. 8 防护服 临床医务人员在接触甲类或按甲类传染病管理的传染病患者时所穿的一次性防护用品。应具有良好的防水、抗静电、过滤效率和无皮肤刺激性，穿脱方便，结合部严密，袖口、脚踝口应为弹性收口。 3. 10 隔离 采用各种方法、技术，防止病原体从患者及携带者传播给他人的措施。 3. 11 清洁区 进行呼吸道传染病诊治的病区中不易受到患者血液、体液和病原微生物等物质污染及传染病患者不应进入的区域。包括医务人员的值班室、卫生间、男女更衣室、浴室以及储物间、配餐间等。 3(12 潜在污染区 进行呼吸道传染病诊治的病区中位于清洁区与污染区之间、有可能被患者血液、体液和病原微生物等物质污染的区域。包括医务人员的办公室、治疗室、护士站、患者用后的物品、医疗器械等的处理室、内走廊等。 3(13 污染区 进行呼吸道传染病诊治的病区中传染病患者和疑似传染病患者接受诊疗的区域，包括被其血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物污染物品暂存和处理的场所。包括病室、处置室、污物间以及患者入院、出院处理室等。 3(14 两通道 进行呼吸道传染病诊治的病区中的医务人员通道和患者通道。医务人员通道、出入口设在清洁区一端，患者通道、出人口设在污染区一端。 3. 15 缓冲间 进行呼吸道传染病诊治的病区中清洁区与潜在污染区之间、潜在污染区与污染区之间设立的两侧均有门的小室，为医务人员的准备间。 3. 16 负压病区(房) 通过特殊通风装置，使病区(病房〕的空气按照由清洁区向污染区流动， 使病区(病房) 内的压力低于室外压力。负压病区(房) 排出的空气需经处理， 确保对环境无害。 3. 17 床单位消毒 对患者住院期间、出院、转院、死亡后所用的床及床周围物体 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面进行的清洁与消毒。 3. 18 终末消毒tenninal disinfection 传染源离开疫源地后，对疫源地进行的一次彻底的消毒. 如传染病患者出院、转院或死亡后，对病窒进行的最后一次消毒。 4 隔离的管理要求 4(1 在新建、改建与扩建时，建筑布局应符合医院卫生学要求，并应具备隔离预防的功能，区域划分应明确、标识清楚。 4(2 应根据国家的有关法规，结合本医院的实际情况，制定隔离预防 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 并实施。 4(3 隔离的实施应遵循“标准预防”和“基于疾病传播途径的预防”原则。 4(4 应加强传染病患者的管理，包括隔离患者，严格执行探视制度。 4(5 应采取有效措施，管理感染源、切断传播途径和保护易感人群。 4(6 应加强医务人员隔离与防护知识的培训，为其提供合适、必要的防护用品，正确掌握常见传染病的传播途径、隔离方式和防护技术，熟练掌握操作规程。 4(7 医务人员的手卫生应符合WS/T 313。 4(8 隔离区域的消毒应符合国家有关规定。 5 建筑布局与隔离要求 5(1 建筑分区与隔离要求 5(1(1 医院建筑区域划分 根据患者获得感染危险性的程度，应将医院分为4个区域。 5(1(1(1 低危险区域 包括行政管理区、教学区、图书馆、生活服务区等。 5(1(1(2 中等危险区域 包括普通门诊、普通病房等。 5(1(1(3 高危险区域 包括感染疾病科(门诊、病房)等。 5(1(1(4 极高危险区域 包括手术室、重症监护病房、器官移植病房等。 5(1(2 隔离要求 5(1(2(1 应明确服务流程，保证洁、污分开，防止因人员流程、物品流程交叉导致污染。 5(1(2(2 根据建筑分区的要求，同一等级分区的科室宜相对集中，高危险区的科室宜相对独立，宜与普通病区和生活区分开。 5(1(2(3 通风系统应区域化，防止区域间空气交叉污染。 5(1(2(4 应按照WS/T313的要求，配备合适的手卫生设施。 5(2 呼吸道传染病病区的建筑布局与隔离要求 5(2(1 用于经呼吸道传播疾病的患者的隔离。 5(2(2 建筑布局 应设在医院相对独立的区域，分为清洁区、潜在污染区和污染区，设立两通道和三区之间的缓冲间。缓冲间两侧的门不应同时开启，以减少区域之间空气流通。经空气传播疾病的隔离病区，应设置负压病室，病室的气压宜为—30Pa，缓冲间的气压宜为—15 Pa。 5.2.3 隔离要求 5.2.3.1 应严格服务流程和三区的管理。各区之间界线清楚，标识明显. 5.2.3.2 病室内应有良好的通风设施。 5. 2.3.3 各区应安装适量的非手触式开关的流动水洗手池. 5.2.3.4 不同种类传染病患者应分室安置。 5.2. 3. 5 疑似患者应单独安置。 5. 2. 3. 6 受条件限制的医院，同种疾病患者可安置于一室，两病床之间距离不少于1. lm。 5. 3 负压病室的建筑布局与隔离要求 5.3. 1 适用于经空气传播疾病患者的隔离。 5. 3. 2 建筑布局应设病室及缓冲间，通过缓冲间与病区走廊相连。病室采用负压通风，上送风、下排风;病室内送风口应远离排风口，排风口应置于病床床头附近，排风口下缘靠近地面但应高于地面10cm 。门窗应保持关闭。 5. 3. 2. 1 病室送风和排风管道上宜设置压力开关型的定风量阀，使病室的送风量、排风量不受风管压力波动的影响。 5.3. 2.2 负压病室内应设置独立卫生间，有流动水洗手和卫浴设施。配备室内对讲设备。 5. 3.3 隔离要求 5. 3.3. 1 送风应经过初、中效过滤，排风应经过高效过滤处理，每h 换气6 次以上。 5.3.3.2 应设置压差传感器，用来检测负压值，或用来自动调节不设定风量阀的通风系统的送、排风量。病室的气压宜为30Pa ，缓冲间的气压宜为一15 Pa 。 5.3. 3.3 应保障通风系统正常运转，做好设备日常保养。 5. 3.3. 4 一间负压病室宜安排一个患者，无条件时可安排同种呼吸道感染疾病患者，并限制患者到本病室外活动。 5.3. 3.5 患者出院所带物品应消毒处理。 5. 4 感染性疾病病区的建筑布局与隔离要求 5. 4. 1 适用于主要经接触传播疾病患者的隔离。 5. 4.2 建筑布局应设在医院相对独立的区域，远离儿科病房、重症监护病房和生活区。设单独入、出口和人、出院处理室。 5. 4.3 中小型医院可在建筑物的一端设立感染性疾病病区。 5. 4. 4 隔离要求 5. 4.4. 1 应分区明确，标识清楚。 5.4. 4. 2 不同种类的感染性疾病患者应分室安置;每间病室不应超过4 人，病床间距应不少于1. lm。 5. 4.4. 3 病房应通风良好，自然通风或安装通风设施，以保证病房内空气清新。 5. 4.4. 4 应配备适量非于触式开关的流动水洗手设施。 5. 5 普通病区的建筑布局与隔离要求 5. 5. 1 建筑布局在病区的末端，应设一间或多间隔离病室。 5. 5. 2 隔离要求 5.5. 2. 1 感染性疾病患者与非感染性疾病患者宜分室安置。 5. 5.2.2 受条件限制的医院，同种感染性疾病、同种病原体感染患者可安置于一室，病床间距宜大于0(8m 。 5.5. 2. 3 病情较重的患者宜单人间安置。 5. 5. 2.4 病室床位数单排不应超过3 床; 双排不应超过6 床。 5.6 门诊的建筑布局与隔离要求 5. 6. 1 建筑布局 5. 6. 1. 1 普通门诊应单独设立出人口，设置问讯、预检分诊、挂号、候诊、诊断、检查、治疗、交费、取药等区域，流程清楚，路径便捷。 5. 6. 1. 2 儿科门诊应自成一区，出入方便，并设预检分诊、隔离诊查室等。 5. 6. 1. 3 感染疾病科门珍应符合国家有关规定。 5. 6.2 隔离要求 5. 6.2.1 普通门诊、儿科门诊、感染疾病科门诊宜分开挂号、候诊。 5.6.2.2 诊室应通风良好，应配备适量的流动水洗手设施和/或配备速干手消毒剂. 5. 6. 2.3 建立预检分诊制度，发现传染病患者或疑似传染病患者，应到专用隔离诊室或引导至感染疾病科门诊诊治，可能污染的区域应及时消毒。 5. 7 急诊科(窒)的建筑布局与隔离要求 5.7. 1 建筑布局 5.7. 1. 1 应设单独出人口、预检分诊、诊查室、隔离诊查室、抢救室、治疗室、观察室等。 5.7.1 . 2 有条件的医院宜设挂号、收费、取药、化验、X 线检查、手术室等。 5.7. 1. 3 急诊观察室床间距应不小于1. 2mo 5. 7. 2 隔离要求 5.7.2. 1 应严格预检分诊制度，及时发现传染病患者及疑似患者，及时采取隔离措施。 5. 7. 2.2 各诊室内应配备非手触式开关的流动水洗手设施和/或配备速干手消毒剂. 5.7.2.3 急诊观察室应按病房要求进行管理。 6 医务人员防护用品的使用 6. 1 防护用品应符合国家相关标准，在有效期内使用. 6.2 口罩的使用 6. 2. 1 应根据不同的操作要求选用不同种类的口罩。 6.2.2 一般诊疗活动，可佩戴纱布口罩或外科口罩; 手术室工作或护理免疫功能低下患者、进行体腔穿刺等操作时应戴外科口罩，接触经空气传播或近距离接触经飞沫传播的呼吸道传染病患者时，应戴医用防护口罩。 6.2.3 纱布口罩应保持清洁，每天更换、清洁与消莓，遇污染时及时更换。 6.2.4 应正确佩戴口罩，具体方法及注意事项见附录A。 6.3 护自镜、防护面罩的使用 6.3. 1 下列情况应使用护目镜或防护面罩 a) 在进行诊疗、护理操作，可能发生患者血液、体液、分泌物等喷溅时。 b ) 近距离接触经飞沫传播的传染病患者时。 c)为呼吸道传染病患者进行气管切开、气管插管等近距离操作，可能发生患者血液、体液、分泌物喷溅时，应使用全面型防护面罩。 6.3.2 佩戴前应检查有无破损，佩戴装置有无松懈。每次使用后应清洁与消毒。 6.3.3 护自镜、防护面罩的戴摘方法见附录B 。 6.4 手套的使用 6.4. 1 应根据不同操作的需要，选择合适种类和规格的手套. 6.4. 1. 1 接触患者的血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物、呕吐物及污染物品时，应戴清洁手套。 6.4. 1. 2 进行手术等无菌操作、接触患者破损皮肤、粘膜时，应戴无菌手套。 6.4.2 应正确戴脱元菌手套，具体方法及注意事项见附录C。 6.4.3 一次性手套应一次性使用。 6.5 隔离衣与防护服的使用 6.5.1 应根据诊疗工作的需要，选用隔离衣或防护服。防护服应符合GB 19082 的规定。隔离衣应后开口，能遮盖住全部衣服和外露的皮肤。 6.5.2 下列情况应穿隔离衣? a) 接触经接触传播的感染性疾病患者如传染病患者、多重耐药菌感染患者等时。 b ) 对患者实行保护性隔离时，如大面积烧伤患者、骨髓移植患者等患者的诊疗、护理时。 c) 可能受到患者血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物喷溅时。 6.5.3 下列情况应穿防护服: a) I临床医务人员在接触甲类或按甲类传染病管理的传染病患者时. b) 接触经空气传播或飞沫传播的传染病患者，可能受到患者血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物喷溅时。 6.5.4 应正确穿脱隔离衣和防护服，具体方法及注意事项见附录D 。 6. 6 鞋套的使用 6.6. 1 鞋套应具有良好的防水性能，并一次性应用。 6.6.2 从潜在污染区进入污染区时和从缓冲间进入负压病室时应穿鞋套。 6.6. 3 应在规定区域内穿鞋套，离开该区域时应及时脱掉。发现破损应及时更换。 6(7 防水围裙的的使用 6(7(1 分为重复使用的围裙和一次性使用的围裙。 6(7(2 可能受到患者的血液、体液、分泌物及其他污染物质喷溅、进行复用医疗器械的清洗时，应穿防水围裙。 6(7(3 重复使用的围裙，每班使用后应及时清洗与消毒。遇有破损或渗透时，应及时更换。 6(7(4 一次性使用围裙应一次性使用，受到明显污染时应及时更换。 6(8 帽子的使用 6(8(1 分为布制帽子和一次性帽子。 6(8(2 进入污染区和洁净环境前、进行无菌操作等时应戴帽子。 6(8(3 被患者血液、体液污染时，应立即更换。 4 布制帽子应保持清洁，每次或每天更换与清洁。 6(8( 6(8(5 一次性帽子应一次性使用。 7 不同传播途径疾病的隔离与预防 7(1 隔离原则 7(1(1 在标准预防的基础上，医院应根据疾病的的传播途径(接触传播、飞沫传播、空气传播和其他途径传播)，结合本院的实际情况，制定相应的隔离与预防措施。 7(1(2 一种疾病可能有多种传播途径时，应在标准预防的基础上，采取相应传播途径的隔离与预防。 7(1(3 隔离病室应有隔离标志，并限制人员的出入。黄色为空气传播的隔离，粉色为飞沫传播的隔离，蓝色为接触传播的隔离。 7(1(4 传染病患者或可疑传染病患者应安置在单人隔离房间。 7(1(5 受条件限制的医院，同种病原体感染的患者可安置于一室。 7(1(6 建筑布局符合第5章中相应的规定。 7(2 接触传播的隔离与预防 接触经接触传播疾病如肠道感染、多重耐药菌感染、皮肤感染等的患者，在标准预防的基础上，还应采用接触传播的隔离与预防。 7(2(1患者的隔离 7(2(1(1 应限制患者的活动范围。 7.2. 1. 2 应减少转运，如需要转运时，应采取有效措施，减少对其他患者、医务人员和环境表面的污染。 7.2.2 医务人员的防护 7.2.2.1 接触隔离患者的血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物等物质时，应戴手套;离开隔离病室前，接触污染物品后应摘除手套，洗手和/或手消毒。手上有伤口时应戴双层手套。 7. 2.2. 2 进入隔离病室，从事可能污染工作服的操作时，应穿隔离衣;离开病室前，脱下隔离衣，按要求悬挂，每天更换清洗与消毒;或使用一次性隔离衣，用后按医疗废物管理要求进行处置。接触甲类传染病应按要求穿脱防护服，离开病室前，脱去防护服，防护服按医疗废物管理要求进行处置。 7.3 空气传播的隔离与预防接触经空气传播的疾病，如肺结核、水症等，在标准预防的基础上，还应采用空气传播的隔离与预防。 7.3. 1 患者的隔离 7. 3. 1. 1 无条件收治时，应尽快转送至有条件收治呼吸道传染病的医疗机构进行收治，并注意转运过程中医务人员的防护。 7.3. 1. 2 当患者病情容许时，应戴外科口罩，定期更换，并限制其活动范围。 7.3. 1. 3 应严格空气消毒。 7.3.2 医务人员的防护 7.3.2.1 应严格按照区域流程，在不同的区域，穿戴不同的防护用品，离开时按要求摘脱，并正确处理使用后物品。具体流程与操作见7(9(2(3。 7(3(2(2 进入确诊或可疑传染病患者房间时，应戴帽子、医用防护口罩;进行可能产生喷溅的诊疗操作时，应戴防护目镜或防护面罩，穿防护服，当接触患者及其血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物等物质时应戴手套。 7(3(2(3 防护用品使用的具体要求应遵循第6章的规定。 7(4 飞沫传播的隔离与预防 接触经飞沫传播的疾病，如百日咳、白喉、流行性感冒、病毒性腮腺炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎等，在标准预防的基础上，还应采用飞沫传播的隔离预防。 7(4(1 患者的隔离 7(4(1(1 遵循7(1的要求对患者进行隔离与预防。 7(4(1(2 应减少转运，当需要转动时，医务人员应注意防护。 7(4(1(3 患者病情容许时，应戴外科口罩，并定期更换。应限制患者的活动范围。 7(4(1(4 患者之间，患者与探视者之间相隔距离在1m以上，探视者应戴外科口罩。 7(4(1(5 加强通风，或进行空气的消毒。 7(4(2 医务人员的防护 7(4(2(1 应严格按照区域流程，在不同的区域，穿戴不同的防护用品，离开时按要求摘脱，并正确处理使用后物品。具体流程与操作见7(9(2(3。 7(4(2(2 与患者近距离(1m以内)接触，应戴帽子、医用防护口罩;进行可能产生喷溅的诊疗操作时，应戴护目镜或防护面罩，穿防护服;当接触患者及其血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物等物质时应戴手套。防护用品使用的具体要求应遵循第6章的规定。 7(5 其他传播途径疾病的隔离与预防 应根据疾病的特性，采取相应的隔离与防护措施。 7(6 常见传染病潜伏期、隔离期和观察期，参见附录E。 7(7 常见传染病潜伏期、隔离期和观察期，参见附录F。 7(8 常见多重耐药菌感染患者的隔离 应按照7(2采取有效的隔离措施，常见多重耐药感染患者的隔离要求，参见附录C。 7(9 急性传染性非典型肺炎、人感染高致病性禽流感的隔离。 7(9(1 患者的隔离 7(9(1(1 将口才安置于有效通风的隔离病房或隔离区域内，必要时置于负压病房隔离。 7(9(1(2 严格限制探视者;如需探视，探视者应正确穿戴个人防护用品，并遵守手卫生规定。 7(9(1(3 限制患者活动范围，离开隔离病房或隔离区域时，应戴外科口罩。 7.9. 1. 4 应减少转运，当需要转运时，医务人员应注意防护。 7.9. 2 医务人员防护 7.9.2.1 医务人员应经过专门的培训，掌握正确的防护技术，方可进入隔离病区工作。 7.9.2.2 应严格按防护规定着装。不同区域应穿不同服装，且服装颜色应有区别或有明显标志。 7.9.2.3 医务人员防护用品穿脱程序 7.9.2. 3. 1 穿戴防护用品应遵循的程序: a) 清洁区进入潜在污染区:洗手+戴帽子?戴医用防护口罩?穿工作衣裤?换工作鞋后?进入潜 在污染区。手部皮肤破损的戴乳胶手套。 b) 潜在污染区进入污染区:穿隔离衣或防护服?戴护目镜/防护面罩?戴手套?穿鞋套?进入污 染区。 c) 为患者进行吸痰、气管切开、气管插管等操作，可能被患者的分泌物及体内物质喷溅的诊疗护理工作前，应戴防护面罩或全面型呼吸防护器。 7.9.2.3.2 脱防护用品应遵循的程序 a) 医务人员离开污染区进入浴在污染区前. 摘手套、消毒双手?摘护日镜/防护面屏?脱隔离衣或 防护服?脱鞋套?洗手和/或手消毒?进入潜在污染区，洗手或手消毒。 用后物品分别放置于专用污物容器内。 b) 从潜在污染区进入清洁区前:洗手和/或手消毒?脱工作服?摘医用防护口罩?摘帽子?洗手 和/或手消毒后，进入清洁区。 c) 离开清洁区:沐浴、更衣?离开清洁区。 7.9. 2.4 穿脱防护用品的注意事项 7.9.2.4. 1 医用防护口罩的效能持续应用6h~8 h，遇污染或潮湿，应及时更换。 7.9.2. 4.2 离开隔离区前应对佩戴的眼镜进行消毒。 7.9.2.4.3 医务人员接触，多个同类传染病患者时，防护服可连续应用。 7.9.2. 4.4 接触疑似患者，防护服应每个患者之间进行更换。 7.9.2.4.5 防护服被患者血液、体液、污物污染时，应及时更换。 7.9.2.4.6 戴医用防护口罩或全面型呼吸防护器应进行面部密合性试验。 7.9.3 隔离区工作的医务人员应每日监测体温两次，体温超过37.5 ?及时就诊。 7.9.4 医务人员应严格执行区域划分的流程，按程序做好个人防护，方可进入病区，下班前应沐浴、更衣后，方可离开隔离区。 7. 9.5 空气与物体表面的消毒应遵循《消毒技术规范》。 附录A (规范性附录) 口罩的佩戴方法 A.1 外科口罩的佩戴方法 A. 1. 1 将口罩罩住鼻、口及下巴，口罩下方带系于颈后，上方带系于头顶中部，如图A . l。 A.1. 2 将双手指尖放在鼻夹上，从中间位宣开始，用手指向内按压，并逐步向两侧移动，根据鼻梁形状塑造鼻夹. A. 1. 3 调整系带的松紧度。 A. 2 医用防护口罩的佩戴方法 A. 2.1 一手托住防护口罩，有鼻夹的一面背向外，如图A. 2 。 A.2.2 将防护口罩罩住鼻、口及下巴，鼻夹部位向上紧贴面部，如图A. 3 。 A.2.3 用另一只手将下方系带拉过头顶，放在颈后双耳下，如图A.4 。 A.2.4 再将上方系带拉至头顶中部，如图A. 5。 A.2.5 将双手指尖放在金属鼻夹上，从中间位置开始，用手指向内按鼻夹，并分别向两侧移动和按压，根据鼻梁的形状塑造鼻夹，如图A.6 。 A.3 注意事项 A.3.1 不应一只手捏鼻夹。 A. 3. 2 医用外科口罩只能一次性使用. A. 3. 3 口罩潮湿后、受到患者血液、体液污染后，应及时更换。 A. 3. 4 每次佩戴医用防护口罩进入工作区域之前，应进行密合性检查。检查方法将双手完全盖住防护口罩，快速的呼气，若鼻夹附近有漏气应按A. 2. 5 调整鼻夹，若漏气位于四周，应调整到不漏气为止。 A.4 摘口罩方法 A. 4.1 不要接触口罩前面(污染面)。 A. 4. 2 先解开下面的系带，再解开上面的系带， 如图A . 7 。 A. 4. 3 用手仅捏住口罩的系带丢至医疗废物容器内，如图A .8。 附录B (规范性附录) 护目镜或防护面罩的戴摘方法 B. 1 戴护目镜或防护面罩的方法 戴上护自镜或防护面罩，调节舒适度，如图B. 1, B. 2 摘护目镜或面罩的方法 捏住靠近头部或耳朵的一边摘掉，放入回收或医疗废物容器内，如图B.2 。 WS/T 311-2009 附录C (规范性附录) 无菌手套戴脱办法 C(1 戴无菌手套方法 C(1(1 打开手套包,一手掀起口袋的开口处,如图C.1。 2 另一手捏住手套翻折部分(手套内面)取出手套，对准五指戴上，如图C(2。 C(1( C(1(3 掀起另一只袋口，以戴着无菌手套的手指插入另一只手套的翻边内面，将手套戴好。然后将手套的翻转处套在工作衣袖外面，如图C(3、 C(4。 C(2 脱手套的方法 C(2(1 用戴着手套的手捏住另一只手套污染面的边缘将手套脱下，如图C(5。 C(2(2 戴着手套的手握住脱下的手套，用脱下手套的手捏住另一只手套清洁面(内面)的边缘，将手套脱下，如图C(6。 C(2(3 用手捏住手套的里面丢至医疗废物容器内，如图C(7。 C(3注意事项 C(3(1 诊疗护理不同的患者之间应更换手套。 C(3(2 操作完成后脱去手套，应按规定程序与方法洗手，戴手套不能替代洗手，必要时进行手消毒。 C(3(3 操作时发现手套破损时，应及时更换。 C(3(4 戴无菌手套时，应防止手套污染。 附录D (规范性附录) 隔离衣与防护服穿脱方法 D.1 隔离衣穿脱方法 D. 1. 1 穿隔离衣方法 D. 1. 1. 1 右手提衣领，左手伸入袖内，右手将衣领向上拉，露出左手，如图D. 1, D. 1. 1. 2 换左手持衣领，右手伸入袖内，露出右手，勿触及西部，如图D. 2 ， D. 1. 1.3 两手持衣领，由领子中央顺着边缘向后系好颈带，如图D.3 。 D. 1. 1. 4 再扎好袖口，如图D.4 ， D. 1. 1. 5 将隔离衣一边(约在腰下5cm)处渐向前拉，见到边缘捏住，如图D.5 ， D. 1. 1. 6 同法捏住另一侧边缘，如图D.6 ， D. 1. 1. 7 双手在背后将衣边对齐，如图D.7 。 D. 1. 1. 8 向一侧折叠，一手按住折叠处，另一手将腰带拉至背后折叠处，如图D. 8 。 D. 1. 1. 9 将腰带在背后交叉，回到前面将带子系好如图D.9 ， D. 1.2 脱隔离衣方法 D. 1.2.1 解开腰带，在前面打一活结，如图D. 10 。 D. 1. 2. 2 解开袖带，塞人袖拌内， 充分暴露双手，进行手消毒，如图D. ll 。 D. 1. 2. 3 解开颈后带子，如图D. 12 , D. 1. 2. 4 右手伸入左手腕部袖内，拉下袖子过手，如图D.13 ， D. 1. 2. 5 用遮盖着的左手握住右手隔离衣袖子的外面，拉下右侧袖子，如图D.14 D. 1. 2. 6 双手转换逐渐从袖管中退出，脱下隔离衣，如图D.15 。 D. 1. 2. 7 左手握住领子，右手将隔离衣两边对齐，污染面向外悬挂污染区;如果悬挂污染区外，则污染面向里。 D. 1.2.8 不再使用时，将脱下的隔离衣，污染面向内，卷成包裹状，丢至医疗废物容器内或放入回收袋中，如图D. 16 。 D. 2 防护服穿脱方法 D. 2. 1 穿防护服 联体或分体防护服，应遵循先穿下衣，再穿上衣，然后戴好帽子，最后拉上拉锁的顺序。 D. 2.2 脱防护服 D. 2. 2.1 脱分体防护服时应先将拉链拉开(图D. 1 7) 。向上提拉帽子，使帽子脱离头部(图D. 1 8) 。脱袖子、上衣， 将污染面向里放入医疗废物袋(图D. 19) 。脱下衣， 由上向下边脱边卷，污染面向里，脱下后置于医疗废物袋(图D. 20 、图D. 2 1) 。 D. 2. 2. 2 脱联体防护服时，先将拉链拉到底(图D. 22) 。向上提拉帽子，使帽子脱离头部，脱袖子(图0. 23 、图D. 24);由上向下边脱边卷(图D. 25)，污染面向里直至全部脱下后放入医疗废物袋内(图D. 26 ) 。 D. 3 注意事项 D. 3. 1 隔离衣和防护服只限在规定区域内穿脱。 D. 3. 2 穿前应检查隔离衣和防护服有无破损;穿时勿使衣袖触及面部及衣领. 发现有渗漏或破损应及时更换;脱时应注意避免污染。 D. 3. 3 隔离衣使用一次后即更换的穿脱方法 D. 3. 3 . 1 穿法同D. 1. 1。 D. 3. 3. 2 脱法按D. 1. 2. 1 和D. 1. 2. 2 的操作后，消毒双手，解开颈后带子，双手持带将隔离衣从胸前向下拉。右手捏住左衣领内侧清洁面脱去左袖。左手握住右侧衣领内侧下拉脱下右袖，将隔离衣污染面向里，衣领及衣边卷至中央，放入污衣袋清洗消毒后备用。 D. 3. 4 隔离衣每天更换、清洗与消毒，遇污染随时更换。 ,英文版 , Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.