2012高考语文真题分类汇编8：古诗文赏析题

2012高考语文真题分类汇编8：古诗文赏析题 2012年高考真题语文汇编 古诗欣赏题 一、基本知识 (1)鉴 赏 诗 歌 的形象——诗歌所塑造的形象，包含意象、意境两个方面。 (2)鉴赏诗歌的艺术技巧——明确诗歌鉴赏中一些常见的艺术手法，以便能够迅速地找到 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 切入角度。 (3)鉴 赏 诗 歌 的语言——总体的语言特色包括一句话或者全篇的语言特色。了解一些评价语言特色的术语。 (4)鉴赏诗歌的思想感情——根据不同诗歌内容，把握不同情感。 二、基本方法 (1) 理解诗歌涉及诗歌的形象鉴赏及情感的把握两个考点。因为感受、理解、分析诗歌形象，是鉴赏诗歌的第一步，把握了诗歌的基本内容是情感赏析的基础。读懂诗歌的几个技巧: 从标题切入对诗题材、内容及思路的理解;充分利用作者、背景及注释这些暗示性 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 辅助理解; 抓住情感语言，尤其要关注诗歌的尾句，理解诗歌的感情。 (2) 诗歌作品的形象指的是诗人根据现实生活中各种现象加以艺术概括形成的具有一定思想内容和艺术感染力的具体生动的人、物和自然景象,并借以寄寓作者生活理想和思想感情的艺术形象。诗歌作品中的人物、事件、自然景物和具体生活环境都是形象。对于叙事诗而言，诗中的“人”和“事”是形象;对于写景诗状物诗而言，诗中的“景”和“物”是形象;对于抒情诗而言，诗中的抒情主人公(可以是人，也可以是物)就是形象。 (3)常见解题思路 1.根据题材，把握内容，熟悉各类题材 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达的情感和内容，根据物象、景物等加以判断。 2(抓住诗眼，领会观点。 3(阅读诗词内容，寻找意象，欣赏画面，分析画面的特点以及对诗歌的中心作用。 4(关注题目，理解内容，诗歌的题目具有很强的暗示和指导性，根据题目去理解诗歌。 5(阅读注解，理解情感，诗歌的注解往往会说明作者写作此诗时的处境，有利于解读诗歌的情感。 三、考点归纳与基本题型 (1)把握作品内容，全面理解，深刻领悟诗歌中的形象。形象包括主人公形象、诗人形象、景物形象、意象和意境。 (2)语言包括品味词语、明确风格。鉴赏诗歌的语言主要是鉴赏诗歌的遣词造句、韵律格式、诗眼。还要了解诗歌的语言风格，把握诗歌的语言特点，进而提升语言的鉴赏水平。 (3)表达技巧是指作者在塑造形象、创造意境、表达思想感情时所采取的表现手法。它的含义非常广泛，既可以包括各种修辞手法、表达方式的使用，也包括艺术构思上的巧妙使用。对表达技巧的鉴赏，就是辨识诗歌中所使用的修辞手法、表达方式、表现手法或艺术构思，分析其本身的艺术效果，评价其对表现诗人的思想感情所起到的作用。 四、答题规范模式 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 第一种类型:分析形象类(形象即诗中描写的人、景、物) 常式问:这首诗中描绘的景物(人物)是怎样的形象, 变式问:这首诗歌为我们展现了一幅怎样的画面,或:这首诗歌描写了什么样的景物,这首诗歌描写了什么样的人物, 答题步骤:景物(人物)+特征+自然属性和社会属性 第二种类型:分析意境类(意境,意象，情感) 常式问:这首诗歌营造了一个怎样的意境氛围, 变式问:这首诗歌为我们展现了一幅怎样的画面,表达了诗人什么样的思想, 答题步骤:(1)描绘诗中展现的图景画面。(2)概括景物所营造的氛围特点。(3)分析作者的思想感情。 第三种类型:分析语言型 提问方式:这首诗在语言上有何特色? 提问变体:请分析这首诗的语言风格。谈谈此诗的语言艺术。 答题步骤:(1)用一两个词准确点明语言特色。(2)用诗中有关语句具体分析这种特色。(3)指出表现了作者怎样的感情。 第四种类型:炼字型 提问方式:这一联中最生动传神的是什么字?为什么? 提问变体:某字历来为人称道，你认为它好在哪里? 解答分析:古人作诗讲究炼字，这种题型是要求品味这些经锤炼的字的妙处。答题时不能把该字孤立起来谈，得放在句中，并结合全诗的意境情感来分析。 答题步骤:(1)解释该字在句中的含义。(2)展开联想把该字放入原句中描述景象。(3)点出该字烘托了怎样的意境，或表达了怎样的感情。 第五种类型:表达技巧型 提问方式:这首诗用了怎样的表现手法? 提问变体:请分析这首诗的表现技巧(或艺术手法，或手法)。诗人是怎样抒发自己的情感的?有何效果? 解答分析:表现手法是诗人用以抒发感情的手段方法，要准确答题，必须熟悉常用的一些表现手法。 答题步骤:(1)准确指出用了何种手法。(2)结合诗句阐释为什么是用了这种手法。(3)此手法有效传达出诗人怎样的感情。 第六种类型:情感分析型 提问方式:这首诗表达了作者怎样的情感, 提问变体:请分析这首诗的主旨。对于本诗内涵，你是如何理解的。 解答分析:这种题型要品味整首诗表现出来的情感或某句诗的含义(特殊含义、深层含义)。 答题步骤:步骤一:用一两个词准确点明思想情感。步骤二:用诗中有关语句具体分析这种思想感情。 五、重难点、易错点剖析 分析、鉴赏诗歌的创作技巧是诗歌鉴赏的一个重要考点，也是易错点。鉴赏诗歌的表达strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 精品系列资料 郑州市经五路66号 400-688-1789 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法 技巧时要尽量使用规范的、专业的名词术语。古代诗歌的表达技巧主要指抒情方式、表现手法和修辞手法。抒情方式主要指:寓情于景、借景抒情、借事抒情、托物言志等。表现手法有:欲扬先抑、情景交融、虚实相生、动静结合、卒章显志等。修辞手法有:比喻、拟人、夸张、对偶等。不仅要列出术语，还要结合诗歌的情感分析创作技巧的表达效果。 六、命题规律及趋势 古典诗词鉴赏以主观题的形式测试考生古代诗歌鉴赏能力。体现了较高层次的鉴赏评价，要求考生占有丰富的材料。通过对高考试题分析，古诗鉴赏试题呈现以下鲜明特点: (1)选材，以浅显为主，选取的是考生比较熟悉的时代、知名度高的诗人;(2)鉴赏材料短小，减少了信息流，降低了揣摩理解上的复杂程度;(3)注重对诗歌本身的考查，要求考生在大致理解全诗的基础上进行鉴赏;(4)注重考生思维过程的考查，让考生以书面形式作答;(5)命题讲究具体性，试题开口小，难度不大，但答题 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 高，要求考生开掘深、采点全。 七、2012年高考真题赏析 (2012)上海高考)阅读下面的作品，完成第14-16题。(8分) 春江晚景 张九龄 江林皆秀发，云日复相鲜。 征路那?逢此，春心益渺然?。 兴来只自得，佳处莫能传。 薄暮津亭下，余花满客船。 [注]?那:同“哪”。?渺然:广阔辽远的样子。 14(与诗歌题目中“江”字直接照应的词语有“江林”“ ”和“客船”。(1分) 【答案】津亭 【命题立意】本题考查把握诗歌的内容的能力。能力层级为C级。 【解析】题目中的“江”点明地点，诗句中“江林”、“客船”和“津亭”与江有关。 15(对本诗分析正确的一项是( )(3分) A(本诗用典与写实相结合，含蓄而又自然。 B(本诗以咏物为题材，脉络清晰而且顺畅。 C(颔联、颈联对仗工整，符合律诗的要求。 D(全诗的语言清新淡雅，又不失朴实之风。 【答案】D 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏诗歌的主旨、表达技巧的能力。能力层级为E级。 【解析】A、单从诗歌来看，很难断定诗歌有用典;即使对第2句作出注释，也不好说 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establis第 3 页 共 19 页 h the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 这首诗是用典和写实结合。从全诗看，应该是虚实结合或情景交融的写法。B、从题目看，这是一首写景诗，而不是咏物诗。C、两联对仗并不工整。 16(从情景关系的角度，赏析本诗前两联是如何表达作者情感的。(4分) 【答案】本诗首联描绘了树木繁茂、落霞与夕阳交相辉映的春江晚景，色彩艳丽，含蓄地传达出作者喜悦的心情。颔联则直接抒发作者在征路上见到美景时喜出望外的心情。两联景中有情，情中有景，情景交融。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏作者情感的能力。能力层级为D级。 【解析】《春江晚景》这首诗写旅途中春日的繁花佳气令人心醉。首联写景，江畔林木茂盛，花儿盛开;天上云朵落日相辉映。景象明丽。三四句用虚笔。征行逢此佳景，惊喜之情顿生。自觉春思渺然，赏心自得，其中佳趣，莫可言传。此两联只写情而景在其中。落句再补写春江景色，而“眇然“意自见。 (2012)安徽高考)阅读下面这首诗，完成8,9题。 最爱东山晴后雪? ,宋,杨万里 只知逐胜忽忘寒，小立春风夕照间。 只爱东山晴后雪，软红光里涌银山。 ,注,?本诗为《雪后晚睛，四山皆青，惟东山全白，赋<最爱东山晴后雪>二绝句》中的一 首。 8.请简要分析这首诗中诗人的形象。(4分) 答:_____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】诗人只顾寻胜景而不觉春寒，驻足春风夕阳中凝望东山，对东山雪景充满喜爱之情。从这些动作与心理的描写中，可以看到一个心境悠闲、陶醉于自然美景而欣然往我的诗人形象。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏诗歌的形象的能力。能力层级为D级。 【解析】本题考查鉴赏诗歌的形象的能力。从诗句描写上看诗人的性格，从诗歌的氛围上品读诗人的心境和情怀，诗人陶醉于东山晴后山上雪景，面对如此美丽的大自然，诗人怎能不陶醉，怎能不忘怀～ 9(请赏析“软红光里涌银山”中“软”“涌”二字的妙处。(4分) 答:_____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】“软”字以触觉写视觉，生动地写出了夕阳余晖可感可触、柔和温暖的独特美感;“涌”字运用比拟的修辞手法，形象的描绘出在夕阳红光映照之下，白雪覆盖的东山如银涛涌出的奇丽景象。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏诗歌的表达技巧的能力。能力层级为E级。 【解析】本题考查鉴赏诗歌的语言炼字，以及鉴赏诗歌的表现手法——修辞作用。解答这两字，要立足诗歌，从修辞角度以及表达效果上回答。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 精品系列资料 郑州市经五路66号 400-688-1789 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法 (2012)北京高考) 阅读下面这首诗，完成10、11题。 柳堤 春江水正平，密树听啼莺。十里笼睛苑，千条锁故营。 雨香飞燕促，风暖落花轻。更欲劳攀折，年年还自生。 10、(7分) ?下列对本事的赏析，不正确的是(3分) A(一二句点题，写“春江”暗含江边之“堤”，写“密树”点出堤上之“柳”。 B(三四句承题，“十里”承“春江”，写堤长;“千条”承“密树”，状柳茂。 C(三四句写柳堤晴日的静景，五六句写雨天的动景，以静写动，借静衬动。 D(“啼莺”“飞燕”“风暖”“落花”具体生动的描绘出暮春世界的美丽景色。 【答案】C 【命题立意】此题综合考查筛选文中信息，理解文意的能力，能力层级为D级。 【解析】解答此题，首先要认真阅读与诗歌相关的各项信息，包括注释等;其次要认真分析各个选项，将它们与原诗进行比较，从而做出准确判断。C项“以静写动，借静衬动”有误。三四两句并非纯写晴天景色，“十里笼晴苑”是化用“台城柳”典故，“千条锁故营”则是暗指“细柳营”，这两句主要目的是为了扣住“柳”这一咏写重点。五六两句也不仅是雨天景色，“风暖落花轻”应是晴天。更重要的问题是三四五六四句的手法绝非“以静衬动”，因为其中动景是飞燕落花，但本诗的核心书写对象则是“柳”，如果说成是以静衬动，则是以柳树去衬托飞燕落花，主次完全颠倒了。相反，此处应是“以动衬静”。 ?雨本无香味，但诗人在“雨香飞燕促”中却说雨“香”，这是用嗅觉来变大触觉和视觉的修辞方法。下列诗句中“香”子的运用和本诗类似的两项是(4分) A(花经宿雨香难拾，莺在豪家语更娇。(唐•郑谷《阙下春日》) B(蒹葭影里和烟卧，菡萏香中带雨披。(宋•杨朴《莎衣》) C(几经夜雨香犹在，染尽胭脂画不错。(宋•刘子翚《海棠花》) D 映日暖云流似水，浥尘香雨润如膏。(明•邱睿《都城春日》) 【答案】DE 【命题分析】此题考查鉴赏文学作品的语言及表达技巧的能力，能力层级为D级。 【解析】解答此题，首先要抓住题干中的重点词语。读题干可知，本题需要选出的是用“嗅觉”表达“触觉”和“视觉”，因此即使考生不了解“通感移觉”的概念，也应该知道此“香”绝非嗅觉上的香味。选项ABC写的都是真实的花香，因此全部排除。 11、这首诗运用了由景及理的写法，这种写法在王之涣《登鹤雀楼》(白日依山尽)、白居易《赋得古原草送别》(离离原上草)、苏轼《题西林壁》(横看成岭侧成峰)等诗中 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establis第 5 页 共 19 页 h the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 也有体现。人选上述诗歌中的一首，也可选取其他诗作，具体说明期中景和理的内容，并分析景理之间的关系。(不少于150字)(10分) 答: 【答案】答案示例一:由景及理是本诗的写作特点。这首诗不仅寓情于景，还通过借柳的意象特点，阐发了“更欲劳攀折，年年还自生”的人生感慨，既赞美了“柳”的旺盛的生命力，又启发人们要自强不息。(第一问3分。) 《登鹳雀楼》(白日依山尽)黄昏时分登上鹳鹊楼，万里河山，尽收眼底;夕阳也在遥远的天际渐渐沉落。这首诗的前两句，使咫尺有万里之势，苍茫壮阔，气势雄浑。“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”是境界的升华，出人意表、别有一番新意，既有高瞻远瞩之胸襟，又寓孜孜进取之深意，有情有理。在这首诗里，诗人把要站得高才看得远的哲理和景物、情事自然贴切地融合在一起，浑然天成，正所谓 “景入理势”。(第二问7分，结合诗句阐述3分，分析阐发，指出特点4分。或者扣住诗句分析4分，分析阐发、指出特点3分，共10分) 答案示例二:《赋得古原草离别》(离离原上草) 原野上的青草繁茂。一年一度枯萎了又会繁茂起来。不管烈火怎样无情的焚烧。只要第二年春风一吹，又是遍地青青的野草。此诗通过对古原上野草的描绘，侧重表现野草生命的历时之美，这是一曲野草颂，更是生命的颂歌。“离离”是生长的态势，岁岁枯荣是其生命之律动过程，其意蕴是规律和永恒。诗人把它放在熊熊的烈火中去焚烧，在毁灭与永生的壮烈对比中，验证其生命力之顽强。野火焚烧象征生命之艰辛和考验;春风吹又生言其顽强不屈，执著不移，如此的野草，才有资格成为宇宙间一切生命的象征，才拥有值得人赞美的生命意义。全诗用语自然流畅而又工整，写景、抒情、说理水乳交融，意境浑成。(第二问7分，结合诗句阐述3分，分析阐发，指出特点4分。或者扣住诗句分析4分，分析阐发、指出特点3分，共10分) 答案示例三:《题西林壁》(横看成岭侧成峰) ?“不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中”，是即景说理，借游山的体会阐发人生的哲理。为什么不能辨认庐山的真实面目呢,因为身在庐山之中，视野为庐山的峰峦所局限，看到的只是庐山的一峰一岭一丘一壑，局部而已，这必然带有片面性。游山所见如此，观察世上事物也常如此。这两句诗有着丰富的内涵，它启迪人们为人处事的一个哲理——由于人们所处的地位不同，看问题的出发点不同，对客观事物的认识难免有一定的片面性;要认识事物的真相与全貌，必须超越狭小的范围，摆脱主观成见。 ?这首诗借助庐山的形象，通过描写庐山变化多姿的面貌，从中揭示一种生活哲理来启发读者的思考和领悟，借景说理，用通俗的语言深入浅出地表达哲理。(第二问7分，结合诗句阐述3分，分析阐发，指出特点4分。或者扣住诗句分析4分，分析阐发、指出特点3分，共10分) 【命题立意】此题考查古诗中阅读鉴赏迁移的能力，是探究类的试题，能力层级为F级。这是历年来首次将阅读延伸题的关注点正式转向了原始文本的写作思路上。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 精品系列资料 郑州市经五路66号 400-688-1789 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法 【解析】本题在题干要求里需要答出两层次要点:1，任选上文一首诗或自选另一首诗，归纳概括出诗中的“景”和“理”分别是什么内容;2，在此基础上分析“景”与“理”之间的逻辑联系，为什么从这部分内容可以过渡到下一层意思。考生须答全两个层次，并且注意语言文字的流畅表述和层次感。字数需要达到要求。 (2012)全国高考 大纲)阅读下面这首唐诗，然后回答问题。(,) 落 叶 注 修睦 雨过闲田地，重重落叶红。 翻思向春日，肯信有秋风。 几处随流水，河边乱暮空。 只应松自立，二不与君同。 ,注,修睦:晚唐诗人。 (,)从写落叶的角度看，第二联与一、三两联的不同时如何体现出来的,这样写有什么作用, 答 【答案】第二联从树叶的角度来写，是树叶在“翻思，”是树叶“肯信”，属拟人;第一、第三联是从诗人的角度来写。更换角度使全诗富于变化，丰富了诗歌的内容和意境，增加了情致。 【命题立意】考查“鉴赏文学作品的语言和表达技巧”，能力层次为E级“鉴赏评价”。 【解析】 首联写诗人看到雨落闲田，红叶纷落;颈联写到如果这些落叶回想起自己春天时的勃勃生机，怎么会相信自己有今天秋风中的落魄呢。颔联又写诗人看到多处的落叶随流水漂远，河边有很多的落叶。既使诗歌富于变化，又丰富了内容和意境。 (,)本诗最后一联为什么要写松,请简要分析。 答: 【答案】松树冬夏常青，与诗中的落叶形成鲜明对比。 以对松树的赞叹突出了对落叶的无奈和感叹之情。 【命题立意】考查“鉴赏文学作品的形象”，能力层次为E级“鉴赏评价”。 【解析】本题考查考生鉴赏诗歌的形象和表达技巧的能力。答出构成对比的，给2分:能简要分析的，给2分。意思答对即可。解答时要联系全诗，借助注释，准确把握。 (2012)福建高考)阅读下面这首诗歌，回答问题。(6分) 望江南 [宋,李纲 ?江上雪，独立钓鱼翁。箬笠但闻冰散响，蓑衣时振玉花空。图画若为工。 云水暮， strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establis第 7 页 共 19 页 h the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 归去远烟中。茅台竹篱依小屿，缩鳊圆鲫入轻笼。欢笑有儿重。 (选自《御选历代诗余》卷二十五) ,注,?玉花:喻雪花。 (1)“箬笠但闻冰散响，蓑衣时振玉花空”，这两句的描写颇为精妙，请简要赏析。(3分) 答: 【答案】(1)答题要点:“箬笠”、“蓑衣”勾勒出钓翁雪天垂钓的外在形象，画面简约，意境空灵。“冰散响”描写轻细的声音，衬托出环境的寂静、钓翁的宁静。钓翁“时振玉花空”的动作，衬托出钓翁的凝定。“但”字写出了钓翁的心无旁骛。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏古代文学作品语言和表达技巧的能力。能力层级为E。 【解析】要想把此句赏析到位，必须从诗歌形象、语言入手，描绘出诗句所塑造的钓翁的形象特点，画面的整体印象，再从“冰散响”所描绘的声音特点及作用上进行分析，“时振玉花空”的动作也要进行分析，“但”字的作用学生可能想不到。诗句赏析是有套路的，学生在平日 练习 飞向蓝天的恐龙练习非连续性文本练习把字句和被字句的转换练习呼风唤雨的世纪练习呼风唤雨的世纪课后练习 时一定每步都要答出。 (2)下阕表现了诗人怎样的情感,请联系诗句简要谈谈。(3分) 答: 【答案】后阕表现了诗人对钓翁简朴而自在生活的倾慕之情。“云水暮，归去远烟中”渲染环境的高远空旷，暗示钓翁生活的闲适自在;“茅舍竹篱依小屿’描写钓翁生活的简朴与环境的清幽;“缩鳊圆鲫人轻笼”流露出钓翁生活的自得之情;“欢笑有儿童”凸现了钓翁生活的温馨和欢乐。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏古代文学作品思想内容、语言和表达技巧的能力。能力层级为E。 【解析】李纲(1083年,1140年)，字伯纪，江苏无锡人，祖籍邵武(今属福建)，自祖父一辈起迁居无锡县(今江苏省无锡市)。徽宗政和二年(1112年)进士。他和赵鼎、李光、胡铨合称“南宋四名臣”。靖康元年(1126)金兵侵汴京时，任京城四壁守御使，团结军民，击退金兵。但不久即被投降派所排斥。宋高宗即位初，一度起用为相，曾力图革新内政，仅七十七天即遭罢免。绍兴二年(1132)，复起用为湖南宣抚使兼知潭州，不久，又罢。多次上疏，陈抗金大计，均未被采纳。后抑郁而死。李纲的《望江南》共十一首，这是其中的第二首，多描述江南优美的风景，有些则流露一种仕途不顺的归隐的情感。 品读后阕诗人的情感，尽管是后阕但一定要联系全诗的情感。答题时要结合具体诗句来分析，不能空谈情感。学生失分点在于没有联系某具体诗句，对诗句不做简要分析。 (2012)广东高考)阅读下面的诗歌，然后回答问题。(7分) strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 精品系列资料 郑州市经五路66号 400-688-1789 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法 余杭四月 [元]白珽 四月余杭道，一晴生意繁。 ?朱樱青豆酒，绿草白鹅村。 水满船头滑，风轻袖影翻。 ?几家蚕事动，寂寂昼门关。 【注】?朱樱:樱桃的一种。?昼门关:从蚕孵出到结茧期间，养蚕人家为防外人冲犯而终日紧闭门户。 (1)诗的颔联在写景上用了多种表现手法，请指出其中一种并结合诗句简要分析。 【答案】?颔联运用了映衬(衬托，对比，烘托，渲染)和列锦的表现手法;?映衬类:朱、青，绿，白，颜色明丽喜人，相为映衬，烘托出一种清新的四月乡间独特的风貌，传达出诗人愉悦而闲适之情;列锦类:颔联采用意象叠加的方式巧妙了将乡间独特物象樱桃，豆，草，鹅排列在一起，勾勒出一副生动的乡村春意盎然的图景，烘托静谧的气氛，表达了诗人的闲适而悠游的情怀。 【命题立意】本题主要考查考生判断分析理解诗歌中体现出来的表现手法的能力。能力层级为D。 【解析】本类题答题时要注意结合诗歌的上下句，甚至结合全诗，不能单独孤立地分析。既然是从表现手法上分析，那么既要分析表现手法的特点，又要结合诗歌内容，如此才能做到扣题。颔联最明显的特点就是形式上的对仗工整，而内容上也富于特色，尤其是颜色上的描写，既写出了浓厚的生活情趣，也写出了明显的诗情画意。从形式上看，“朱”、“青”、“绿”、“白”四种颜色，不仅形成形式上的对仗，也增添了诗歌的诗情画意，让读者觉得本诗真是诗中有画;从内容上看，诗人选取了余杭四月的朱樱、青豆、绿草三种景象，展示出了余杭四月弄弄的春意，白鹅和酒则体现出浓厚的生活气息。(所谓“列锦”，就是全部用名词或名词性短语，经过选择组合，巧妙地排列在一起，构成生动可感的图像，用以烘托气氛，创造意境，表达情感的一种修辞手法。) (2)“一晴生意繁”是什么意思,体现在诗中哪些地方,请简要分析。(4分) 【答案】意思是指余杭晴天的生意很繁忙。具体体现在颔联和颈链。商人们用船装着季节蔬菜和水果以及农家养的白鹅和美酒，在余杭河上自由买卖。 【命题立意】本题主要考查考生对诗歌内容的分析和理解。能力层级为C。 【解析】本题答题时要注意恰恰当筛选，在诗歌中找准题目中所需要的有用成分。从字 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establis第 9 页 共 19 页 h the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 面上看，“一晴生意繁”，肯定是晴天生意好，繁即繁忙之意。如何体现生意好，显然诗中颔联和颈链所呈现的事物与商业贸易往来有关，而尾联根据注释?，显然并非交易蚕和蚕丝，所以，只能是颔联和颈联为“生意繁”的落脚点，由此展开分析，答案便显而易见。 (2012)湖北高考)阅读下面这首诗，完成后面的题目。(8分) 送邹明府游灵武 贾 岛 曾宰西畿县，三年马不肥。债多平剑与，官满载书归。 边雪藏行径，林风透卧衣。灵州听晓角，客馆未开扉。 【注】明府:对县令的尊称。灵武:即灵州(治所在今宁夏灵武县)。 (1)请概括邹明府这个人物形象的主要特点，并作简要分析。(4分) 【答案】(4分) 诗中邹明府形象的主要特点是: 清正廉洁。三年县令任满离去，马依旧瘦弱，随身相伴的还是那些书。如今冒雪远游朔方，前程艰险，单薄的衣衫哪抵得住透骨寒风。正是通过这些细节的刻画，展现了邹明府至清至廉的形象。 【命题立意】考查鉴赏文学作品的形象的能力，能力层级为D级。 【解析】考生须整体感知诗意，抓住能够体现人物特点的语词和句子，如“马不肥”“债多”“书归”等，这些信息透出诗中主人公的清廉形象。有了这些细节描写内容的分析，人物性格特点就概括出来了。 (2)贾岛注重用字推敲，请对第三联中的“藏”、“透”二字作简要赏析。(4分) 【答案】?“藏”字，运用拟人手法，描绘人行之迹很快便为大雪覆盖的边塞雪景，写景生动，颇有画意;一个“藏”字，已包含大雪纷飞、道路莫辨、行人稀少等多重意蕴。?“透”字，极为传神地展现了林间朔风砭人肌骨的穿透力，同时还隐含风急、天寒、衣单等内容，富有想象力和感染力。 【命题立意】考查鉴赏文学作品的语言和表达技巧的能力，能力层级为D级。要求赏析诗中用字之妙，属于古诗语言鉴赏水平的考查。这是历来古诗鉴赏题中较重要的命题形式，应予高度重视。 【解析】炼字之妙，要结合语境来赏析，且诗中动词最可传递意境，表现人物:一个动词“藏”，要从手法方面去说其妙，也要从内容方面去说其意;“透”字更为形象贴切，以此拓展赏析空间，就能够把用字之妙揭示得淋漓尽致。 (2012)湖南高考)阅读下面的唐诗，完成题目。(8分) ? 度破讷沙(其二,李益 ? 破讷沙头雁正飞，?鹈泉上战初归。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 精品系列资料 郑州市经五路66号 400-688-1789 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法 平明日出东南地，满碛寒光生铁衣。 [注]?破讷沙，沙漠名。??鹈泉:泉水名( (1)从题材来看，这首诗属于____________诗 (2分) 【答案】边塞 【命题立意】考查对古代诗歌题材的掌握能力，能力层次B级。 【解析】做好此题，先要理解“题材”的含义以及各种题材的种类，这里的题材就是我们说的主题，也就是问这首诗的情感主题分类，从诗歌 “破讷沙”“雁”“战初归”“铁衣”等词语可以知道这首诗是边塞诗。 (2)请从意境营造的角度，赏析全诗。(6分) 【答案】全诗描绘了戍边将士战罢归来的图景。前两句写大漠辽远、大雁高飞，既有胜利者的喜悦，也有征人的乡思;后两句写日出东南、铁衣生寒，既表现了壮阔背景上军容的整肃，也暗含了军旅生活的艰辛。诗歌撷取极具边塞特色的含蕴丰富的意象，通过喜忧、暖冷、声色等的比照映衬，营造出雄健、壮美的意境，抒写了征人慷慨悲壮的情怀。 【命题立意】考查对古代诗歌鉴赏评价的能力，能力层次D级。 【解析】解题时应该审清题目要求，从意境营造的角度赏析，就是要从意象出发，点明诗句运用了意象，指出这些意象构成的意境，以及如此营造意境到达的抒情目的。首句先写飞雁，未见其形先闻其声，造成先声夺人的效果。三句写一轮红日从东南方的地平线上喷薄而出，在广袤的平沙之上，行进的部队蜿如游龙，战士的盔甲银鳞一般，在日照下寒光闪闪，而整个沙原上，沙砾与霜华也闪烁光芒，鲜明夺目。这是一幅极有生气的壮观景象。风沙迷漫的大漠上，本来很难见到天清日丽的美景，而此时这样的美景竟出现在战士的眼前。同时，战士的归来也使沙原增色;仿佛整个沙漠耀眼的光芒，都自他们的甲胄发出。 (2012)江苏高考)阅读下面这首词，然后回答问题。 梦江南 温庭筠 千万恨，恨极在天涯。山月不知心里事，水风空落眼前花。摇曳碧云斜。 ?词中“恨极在天涯”的“恨”是指什么,(2分) 【答案】思念远隔天涯的心上人的怅恨之情。 【命题立意】本题考查评价文章的思想内容，能力层级为D。 【解析】对于情感的把握一般可以从以下几个角度入手，一是作者题材，本词作者温庭筠是婉约派词人，多写离情别绪之词。二是结合文中重点意象，如本词中“天涯”(“天涯共此时”)“山月”(“不知乘月几人归”)“落花”(“泪眼问花花不语，乱红飞过秋千去”)“碧云”(“碧云天，黄叶地”)，在教材中这些意象都不止一次出现过，其所代表 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establis第 11 页 共 19 页 h the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 的特定情感也比较明确。 ?词中三、四两句刻画了一位什么样的主人公形象,请简要分析。(4分) 【答案】主人公满腹哀怨，对月怀远，月却不解;临水看花，花自飘零，无人怜惜。刻画了一位孤独寂寞又自哀自怜的主人公形象。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏文学作品的形象，能力层级为D。 【解析】主人公夜深望月寄相思，而山月无情，全然不懂主人公一腔心事，自然也就无从传递相思情了;眼前百花白白飘落，水风全然不知也不觉更无怜，却依然催落一地华英，暗喻主人公的青春消逝却无人怜的哀怨。对于诗歌中人物形象的分析要结合塑造形象的方法及意象意境的品味，本词中主要是对诗歌形象进行了动作描写，可以从这一角度进行分析。 ?请简要赏析这首词的结句。(4分) 【答案】借景抒情。把天涯之思投向无边天际，以碧云摇曳表现心绪的不宁，以碧云斜落表现心情的低沉。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏文学作品达技巧，能力层级为D。 【解析】对于诗句的赏析，首先要明确赏析的角度，一般多从语言及技巧的角度分析，本题中意象集中明确，主要有“天涯”、“山月”、“落花”、“碧云”，所以应从情与景的角度进行分析。 (2012)江西高考)阅读下面一首宋词，完成后面的题目。(8分) 江城子 秦观 西城杨柳弄春柔。动离忧，泪难收。犹记多情，曾为系归舟。碧野朱桥当日事，人不见，水空流。韶华不为少年留。恨悠悠，几时休。飞絮落花时候、一登楼。便作春江都是泪，流不尽，许多愁。 [注]?韶华:青春年华，又指美好的春光。?便做:纵使。 (1)概括“杨柳”“飞絮”意象的内涵，并分析这首词表达的情感。(4分) 【答案】(1)“杨柳”指代初春季节，暗寓男女离别;“飞絮”代指暮春季节，暗寓青春流逝。(2分)这首词抒发了作者伤春伤别之愁，久别怀人之情。(2分) 【命题立意】此题考查对诗歌意象的分析能力和对诗歌情感主旨的把握能力。 【解析】解答此题要既要从“杨柳”“飞絮”的本义，又要从其象征义两个角度思考。古代意象中，杨柳多象征离别之愁，结合文中的“动离忧，泪难收”，显得此处的“杨柳“也是如此;“飞絮”是指飞扬的柳絮，多见于春末，结合“落花”“韶华不为少年留”，显得此词的“飞絮”寄寓着作者大好青春不再的伤感。 (2)词中“便做春江都是泪，流不尽，许多愁”一句是从“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流”(李煜《虞美人》)化用而来，请比较两者的异同。(4分) strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 精品系列资料 郑州市经五路66号 400-688-1789 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法 【答案】同:?写出了愁之深广绵长。?都用比喻手法，以水喻愁，生动形象。(2分) 异:?愁情及其程度不同:李词表现的是家国这愁，秦词表达的是儿女之情，且秦词的愁比李词的愁要深。?比喻手法也有不同:秦词是对李词的翻新，不是直接以水喻愁，而是以春水比拟泪水，再以泪写愁，写法曲折。 【命题立意】此题考查对诗歌艺术手法的分析与鉴赏能力。 【解析】比较异同，多从诗句的内容、情感、所用的艺术手法(如是单独的句子，多是修辞手法;若是整诗，多是描写手法、抒情手法、构思手法等)。答题时要注意把相同点与不同点都答全。从内容来看，两词所抒发的愁不同;从手法来看，要注意题干中“化用”的提示。 (2012)全国高考 新课标)阅读下面这首宋词，完成8,9题。 思远人 晏几道 红叶黄花秋意晚，千里念行客。飞云过尽，归鸿无信，何处寄书得。 泪弹不尽临窗滴，就砚旋研墨。渐写到别来，此情深处，红笺为无色。 8(这首词表达了什么样的感情?“红叶黄花秋意晚”一句对表达这种感情有什么作用?(5分) 答: 【答案】这首词表达了对远方行人的深切思念。首句起兴，以红叶黄花染绘出深秋的特殊色调，渲染离别的悲凉气氛，增添对远方行人绵绵不尽的思念情怀。 【命题立意】本题考查对诗歌内容的鉴赏。 【解析】可依据题目“思远人”，诗句“千里念行客”、“归鸿无信”等确定为表达相思之情的诗歌。开头景物描写的作用主要有渲染气氛、烘托情感，映衬主题的作用。 9(“就砚旋研墨”与“临窗滴”有什么关系?“红笺为无色”的原因是什么?请简要分析。(6分) 答: 【答案】关系是: “就砚旋研墨”暗指以临窗滴下的泪水研墨，和泪作书。 原因是: 红笺被泪水浸湿。由于情到深处，词中主人公在作书时不停流泪，泪水落到纸上，红笺因而褪去了颜色。 【命题立意】鉴赏诗歌表达技巧。 【解析】本题是针对下阕人物形象的把握，诗句意为“弹洒不尽的那两行珠泪，还当窗滴下来，并滴进了砚台中，就用它来研磨香墨。正因无处寄书，更增悲感而弹泪，泪弹不尽，而临窗滴下，有砚承泪，遂以研墨作书。写到别来、此情深处’，墨中纸上，情与泪粘合为一，不辨何者为泪，何者为情。故不谓笺色之红因泪而淡，却谓红笺之色因情深而无。”因 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establis第 13 页 共 19 页 h the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 此，“就砚旋研墨” 与“临窗滴”有暗指关系，意在强调思念之深情。 (2012)辽宁高考)阅读下面这首宋诗，完成8,9题。 初见嵩山 张耒 年来鞍马困尘埃，赖有青山豁我怀。 日暮北风吹雨去，数峰清瘦出云来。 [注] 张耒:北宋诗人，苏门四学士之一，因受苏轼牵连，累遭贬谪。 8. 作者初见嵩山是什么样的心情,这样的心情是怎样表现出来的,请结合全诗简析。(5分) 【答案】初见嵩山，作者的心情惊喜而又亲切。这种心情是铺垫出来的:?作者奔走风尘，全靠青山开阔情怀，所以嵩山未露面就给作者一种期待感;?接着作者运用迂回之笔，一道雨幕被拉开，最后嵩山从云层中耸现，惊喜和亲切之感扑面而来。 【命题立意】本题考查考生对诗歌思想感情的把握，能力层级为D级。 【解析】这个试题有两问，第一问考查的是对作者观点态度的理解。答题时，可根据“青山豁我怀”“数峰青瘦”等词句表现出诗人惊喜亲切的心情。第二问考查的是对诗歌写作思路的把握。答题时要逐句分析诗歌与心情的关系。 9. “数峰清瘦出云来”一句妙在何处,“清瘦”有何种精神内涵,(6分) 【答案】?高峻山峰在一片积云之中穿刺，基于这种观感，作者运用了拟人手法，以“清瘦”形容山峰，突出山峰的高峻挺拔，造语新奇;一个“出”字，作者运用了以动写静的手法，赋予山峰动感，使山峰与云层形成了尖耸与广阔、跃动与静态相结合的画面。?“清瘦”表现了作者清高独立、人格坚守的精神气质。 【命题立意】本题考查对诗句表现手法的鉴赏，能力层级为D级。 【解析】这道题一共有两问，这两问考查的都是对词句的把握，答题时也需要结合艺术手法来分析。比如第一问，“数峰清瘦出云来”，一句最突出的特色就是拟人手法，因此需要将这种手法与诗句结合起来作答。第二问考查的是炼字的妙处，“清瘦”一词用得精妙，它有着丰富的内涵，答题时，只要读懂诗歌的主旨――即表达诗人清高独立的情怀――然后结合主旨答炼字的妙处，这样才能答到点子上。 (2012)山东高考)阅读下面这首宋诗，回答问题。(8分) 吴松 道中二首(其二) 晓路雨萧萧， 江乡叶正飘。 天寒雁声急， 岁晚客程遥。 鸟避征帆却， 鱼惊荡桨跳。 孤舟宿何许, 霜月系枫桥。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 精品系列资料 郑州市经五路66号 400-688-1789 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法 注:吴松:即吴淞，江名。 (1) 开头两句描写了怎么样的景色, 营造了怎样的氛围,(3分) 【答案】诗歌开头两句写了诗人秋日早上乘舟在雨中赶路的情形。天刚破晓，船又启航。头天傍晚下了一场大雨，这一天清早依旧秋雨霏霏，兼以风声萧萧，江南水乡满天飘舞着树叶。营造了冷清萧条的氛围，为后文抒发羁旅思乡做了铺垫。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧，能力层级E。 【解析】景色先总括回答，然后根据诗意分开描述。重点要写清楚人物、时间、地点，然后解释诗歌。 (2)请结合全诗分析“孤舟”这一意象的作用。(5分) 【答案】“孤舟”这一意象，既是写舟，又代指写人;既写了孤寂的意象，又写了孤寂的情感。照应了诗歌题目、上文，表达诗人的思乡之情。 【命题立意】本题考查评价文章的思想内容和作者的观点态度，能力层级E。 【解析】先解释，体会“”孤舟在句中的含义，展开联想描述景象。表达效果:点出“孤舟”的修辞作用。结构作用:点出“孤舟”对题目，开头，上下文的作用。情感主题:点出“孤舟”烘托了怎样的意境，表达了怎样的感情。 (2012)四川高考)阅读下面这首诗，然后回答问题(8分) 子 规【注】 [元]曹伯启 蜀魄曾为古帝王，千声万血送年芳。 贪夫倦听空低首，远客初闻已断肠。 锦水春残花似雨，楚天梦觉月如霜。 催归催得谁归去，唯有东郊农事忙。 【注】子规:即杜鹃，又名蜀魄、蜀魂、催归，相传为古蜀王杜宇所化。 (1)本诗第二联中的“空”字极富韵味。请结合诗句简要赏析(3分) 【答案】(1)“空”字既传神地描绘出贪夫倦听却不得不听的矛盾之态，又形象地表达了贪夫徒然无奈，难以抑制的惆怅之情。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏古诗词的语言，能力层级为D级。品味关键字词始终不要忘记围绕诗歌的中心思想，只有这样才能不偏不倚。 【解析】本题考查鉴赏诗歌的语言炼字，以及鉴赏诗歌的表现手法的作用。解答这个字，要立足诗歌，从写法角度以及表达效果上回答。 (2)本诗主要表达了怎样的情感,请任选能表现这种情感的两个意象简要分析。(5分) strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establis第 15 页 共 19 页 h the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 【答案】本诗主要表达了思乡难归的情感。意象分析示例:?子规。子规啼声凄切，年复一年催归人，令“贪夫”“远客”无不惆怅、“断肠”，足见思乡心切、归家不易。?贪夫、远客。意指客居他乡之人。无论“倦听”还是“初闻”，都在“催归”声里“空低首”、“已断肠”，表达出了思乡难归之情。?锦水春残。春已残，花飘零，黯然失色的锦水春景，烘托出思乡难归的惆怅。?楚天月光。异乡梦醒，月光如霜，烘托出凄清冷寂的氛围，表达了思乡难归之情。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏形象和思想情感的能力，能力层级为D级。分析情感主旨类意象题目，要先分析表面意思，再分析深层含义，最后指出表达的情感。 【解析】本题考查考生对诗歌内容的理解能力以及形象的把握。通过阅读，理解诗歌内容，把握各个意象之间的关系，是解答本题的关键。作者所选的意象——子规、贪夫、远客、锦水春残、楚天月光，都是为了一个目的，表达他的思乡难归。 (2012)天津高考)阅读下面这首律诗，按要求作答。(8分) 野菊 【宋】杨万里 ? 未与骚人当糗粮， 况随流俗作重阳。 ? 政缘在野有幽色，肯为无人减妙香, 已晚相逢半山碧， 便忙也折一枝黄。 花应冷笑东篱族， 犹向陶翁觅宠光。 【注】?糗粮:干粮。首句典出屈原《离骚》“夕餐秋菊之落英”句。 ?政:通“正” (1)颔联描绘了怎样的野菊形象,(2分) 【答案】、野菊生长于山野，花色清淡，香气清馨，不因无人欣赏而自减其香，不为外部环境而改变内心的高洁。(2分) 【命题立意】本题考查了作品形象把握，能力层级为D级。 【解析】注意把握规范答题模式“通过„„描写(概括内容)，塑造了„„形象(用关键词点出)”，答案分为两个部分，前一个部分主要是对诗歌内容的筛选和概括，后一个部分主要是用自己的语言概括出野菊的形象。每个部分1分。 (2)请自选角度赏析颈联。(3分) 【答案】修辞:对偶、借代 炼字:“逢”“忙” 色彩:“碧”“黄” 情感:喜爱之情.示例:作者提取了两个色彩明快的词语“碧”与“黄”，(1分)天的碧与野菊的黄彼此映衬，互相烘托，凸显了菊花了美丽。(1分)作者就这样通过对色彩的描绘，表达了对野菊花的喜爱之情(1分)。 【命题立意】本题考查考生对表达技巧的把握和运用，能力层级为D级。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 精品系列资料 郑州市经五路66号 400-688-1789 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法 【解析】考生不管是选择从哪个角度进行赏析，都应该从结构和内容两个角度去赏析，也就是说，无论怎么样写答案，都必须立足于全诗，立足于作者表达的情感。给分点分别为选点1分，分析1分，照应情感1分。 (3)尾联化用了陶渊明那句诗,表达了作者怎样的志趣,(3分) 【答案】采菊东篱下 率性自然 超凡脱俗 【命题立意】本题前一个问考查考生识记和理解能力，能力层级为B级，后一个问考查考生对对作者观点态度的评价，能力层级为D级。 【解析】对后一个问的回答，需要把握诗歌的原文的关键字“犹(仍然)”，这里就隐含着野菊和“家菊”(陶渊明家的菊花)的对比，野菊生活在自然中，比陶渊明家的菊花，更胜一筹。作者托物言志，借野菊表达自己崇尚自然、追求自然的脱俗志趣。第一问1分，第二问2分，其中分析1分，点出志趣1分。 (2012)浙江高考) 阅读下面两首诗，完成21-22题。(7分) 未展芭蕉 同儿辈赋未开海棠(其一) (唐)钱珝 (金)元好问 冷烛无烟绿蜡干，芳心犹卷怯春寒。 枝间新绿一重重，小蕾深藏数点红。 一缄书札藏何事，会被东风暗拆看。 爱惜芳心莫轻吐，且教桃李闹春风。 21(这两首诗描写的都是 状态的植物，均以 一词表达诗人的爱怜之情。(2分)【答案】还未展开 芳心 【命题立意】本题考查对古典诗词中重要词语的理解，能力层级为B级 【解析】解答此类试题应坚持“词不离句，句不离篇”的原则，结合整篇去理解。第一空:.从两首诗的题目可以看出“未展芭蕉”和“未开海棠”，都是尚未展开状态的植物。 第二空:从两首诗词体现出来情感中可以看出(结合22题解析部分)，作者都对尚未开放的花蕾有一种怜惜之情，“芳心犹卷怯春寒”和“爱惜芳心莫轻吐”集中体现了两首诗的共同之处，可见“芳心”一词就是关键词。 22,简要分析这两首诗的表现手法。,5分， 【答案】 第一首巧妙运用比喻,如将未展芭蕉比作未燃的蜡烛、未拆封的书札,又把它比拟成芳心未展的少女,用“东风暗拆”想象芭蕉终于展开,不仅传神,而且传达出美好的情思。第二首运用衬托、比拟、对比等手法,不仅表现了海棠的天然之美,更赋予海棠一种沉稳独立、自主自爱的品格。 【命题立意】本题考查鉴赏诗词的表达技巧的能力,熟练掌握鉴赏诗词表达技巧的相关 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establis第 17 页 共 19 页 h the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 术语是答好表达技巧试题的前提，例如:写作技巧有，烘托、象征、用典、对比、渲染、卒章显志、画龙点睛等;修辞技巧有，比喻、比拟(拟人、拟物)、借代、夸张等;抒情方式有，直抒胸臆、借景抒情、寓情于景、情景交融等。然后结合诗句具体内容回答。例如:钱诗将芭蕉比作少女，比喻的手法比较明显，元诗将未开海棠陈文独立，自主自爱的特点用衬托、比拟、对比等手法表现出来，描写了海棠的天然之美。 【解析】第一首,首句从未展芭蕉的形状、色泽设喻。第二句写卷成烛状的芭蕉,最里一层俗称蕉心,诗人把未展芭蕉比成芳心未展的少女。三、四两句又另外设喻。古代的书札卷成圆筒形,与未展芭蕉相似,所以这里把未展芭蕉比作未拆封的书札。第二首,诗句运用了衬托、对比和比拟的手法写了深藏于重重新绿之中的、尚未开放而仅仅是“数点红”的海棠蓓蕾。诗人忠告它“爱惜芳心”,不要轻易地吐蕾。作者以一首海棠诗暗示、告诫自己的儿女们要稳重行事,要像海棠一样不轻易显露自己的芳心,保持自己内心的纯洁。“芳心”是一个双关词语,一层意思是海棠花的花心,另一层是儿女的爱慕之心。 (2012)重庆高考)阅读下面这首词，然后回答问题。(6分) 鹧鸪天 [金]王 寂 ? 秋后亭皋木叶稀，霜前关塞雁南归。晓云散去山腰瘦，宿雨来时水面肥。 吾 ??老矣，久忘机，沙鸥相对不惊飞。柳溪父老应怜我，荒却溪南旧钓矶。 [注]?亭皋:水边的平地。?忘机:消除机心。机心，巧诈之心。?沙鸥相对不惊飞:白居易诗云“有喜鹊频语，无机鸥不惊”。 (1)“晓云散去山腰瘦，宿雨来时水面肥”两句写出了山水的变化，请分析其巧妙之处。(4分) 【答案】“瘦”与“肥”运用了比拟手法，写出了山水的变化。前一句写出云散后山形朦胧厚重后变得清秀了，后一句写出下雨之后水面由窄变宽了。 【命题立意】此题是对诗句中的艺术技巧作鉴赏分析。能力层级为D。鉴赏分析能力，是阅读的较高层级了。而主要是针对作品中的艺术特点与手法的分析鉴赏。在分析鉴赏时，要注意明确无误地说明运用了什么艺术手法(包括修辞手法与表现手法等)。在复习备考时，要有目的地去识记一些用于艺术鉴赏的专门术语。 【解析】即然题干说写出了“变化”，也就要在鉴赏分析中写出具体是怎样变化的。需要是“妙处”，就要想到对艺术技巧的分析。 (2)作者为何说“荒却溪南旧钓矶”,(2分) 【答案】句义是说自己忘了原来常去钓鱼的石矶。因为钓鱼是人与鱼之间耍机心之事，作者说自己“却已忘机”，即心中没有了机心，所以，不再钓鱼，便说荒弃了旧时的钓矶。 【命题立意】此题考查的是对诗句内容的正确分析理解能力。能力层级为C。虽然分析strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 精品系列资料 郑州市经五路66号 400-688-1789 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法 理解的是个句子，但这个句子是全诗的组成部份，甚至是重要的句了。所以，要注意与全诗内容结合起来。 【解析】答此题时，考生应得到这样的启示:注释不可忽视。如果此题不认真说注释，可能连“忘机”都理解不过来，也就不能正确作答了。再者，虽然题目要求理解的是最后一句，但对这句话的正确解读，需要联系前面词句的意思作整体理解。阅读题，都不要孤立地去解释一词一句。 作者简介: 马攀峰;男，1978年12月出生。现就职于江苏省宿豫中学。先后荣获全国优秀语文教师，江苏省优秀指导教师，宿迁市高中语文学科带头人，宿豫区优秀教师等称号。自1996年参加工作以来，曾荣获宿迁市语文优课评比一等奖、宿豫区栋梁杯高中课堂大赛一等奖等;多次在宿迁市高中语文教学研讨会上开设讲座;辅导学生连续两年荣获第三届、第五届江苏省高中生作文大赛一等奖;近五年来，在《中学语文教学参考》、《语文教学之友》、《课外阅读》、《语文报》、《语文学习报》等报刊杂志上发表文章160篇，17篇教学论文在省、市教育主管部门组织的论文评比中获奖;现主持一项国家级课题和一项省级课题。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establis第 19 页 共 19 页 h the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality