蛋鸡的饲料与营养标准（Feed and nutritional standards for laying hens）

蛋鸡的饲料与营养 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 （Feed and nutritional standards for laying hens） 蛋鸡的饲料与营养标准(Feed and nutritional standards for laying hens) 1, feed the chicken feed source is very wide, grains, bran, fish meal, meat scraps, green fodder can be used as chicken feed. Generally speaking, according to each feed nutrient level can be divided into: the energy feed corn, rice, wheat bran, etc.. Protein feed has animal protein feed, such as fish meal, meat, bone meal, shrimp bran, Kunming, feather powder, fish meal and so on. Have meal type vegetable protein feed such as soybean meal, peanut cake, sesame cake etc.. Mineral feed has salt, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium iodide, sodium selenite and so on. Vitamin and vitamin additive, biotin enzyme and so on. The various feed contained in different nutrients, in order to better meet the poultry feed collocation in the various growth stages of nutritional needs, the content of nutritionists using modern technology to detect a variety of feed nutrients contained in the calculation, according to the different growth stages of the necessary nutrition to develop nutritional standards, each stage, each stage of feed formula the various growth stages of laying hens and egg laying out. Here also stressed that in different regions, different varieties, different sources of feed, production of different processing products with different nutrient levels, so there is no universal feed composition table, not a universal feed formula. The 2 layer, in order to feed nutrition standards more reasonable, as far as possible to make full use of all kinds of feed nutrients, to meet the various growth stages and during the period of egg production of nutritional needs, must understand the various nutritional standards in different growth stages of laying hens required, through long-term research and test, nutritionists basically clear nutritional standards in different periods, in order to establish a chicken, growth period, early laying, egg laying peak nutrition standards for different periods, and after long-term production practice examination and correction, prove the nutrition standard is in line with our production requirements, has practical significance for guiding production. The growth of chicken trace elements premix formulation of compound name chemical formula containing the amount (%) amount (mg / kg) formula (g / T) of manganese sulfate MnSO48226; zinc sulfate 5H2O22.760264 ZnSO48226; 7H2O22.750220 FeSO48226 7H2O20.180398 of ferrous sulfate; copper sulfate CuSO48226; 5H2O25.4832 potassium iodide KI76.40.350.46 sodium selenite Na2SeO345.60.150.33 of laying hens and broiler breeder trace elements premix formulation of compound name chemical formula containing the amount (%) amount (mg / kg) formula (g / T) of manganese sulfate MnSO48226; zinc sulfate 5H2O22.730132 ZnSO48226; 7H2O22.750220 FeSO48226 7H2O20.150249 of ferrous sulfate; copper sulfate CuSO48226; 5H2O25.4832 potassium iodide KI76.40.30.4 the sodium selenite Na2SeO345.60.10.22 note: with corn flour or wheat bran added to 10 kilograms, the amount of iron can be halved for For. 1 (three) how to cope with the many kinds of diet and feed formula of common feed, but not a feed containing nutrients fully meet the nutritional requirements, hormone can cause nutritional imbalance and diseases lack of any kind of nutrition in the diet of chicken, so to grasp the feed technology, different varieties of feed, calculated according to nutritional standards in different growth stages, so that the feed grain nutrition collocation with hormone as far as possible to meet the need of chicken growth and feed production, because of many varieties, the feed is also changing, all kinds of feed nutrients contained in is not the same in all breeds and different growth stages of nutritional needs are different, plus the calculation method is very difficult, therefore, given a good feed formula is also very difficult, especially the breeders for beginners and relatively high level of education. Even more difficult, we cited a number of commonly used feed formulations for your reference, farmers can be based on feed, feed, and other sources of effective sources of similar energy, feed, protein feed adjustments. Because of the variety adjustment in the feed formula, the imbalance of amino acids and trace elements often occurs. So the scientific research departments, according to the characteristics and different growth stages of the nutrition standard research and production convenient, concentrated feed nutrition is relatively reasonable, respectively for 0 to 6 weeks, concentrated feed of various specifications 7 - 20 weeks and laying hens, containing a variety of vitamins, the concentrated feed of trace elements, amino acid, compound enzyme preparation of anticoccidial drugs and other growth promoting agent, with 15% added concentrate and 10 - 40% to add various concentrated feed on the market at present, when in use, users only need to press the instructions to add a certain proportion of corn and soybean meal, can be formulated feed, comprehensive and reasonable to meet the growth of chicken the nutritional needs. To enhance the disease resistance of hens, improve egg production rate has obvious effect. For example, animal husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences according to the GB8832 standard of production of 5% is expected to add fine recommended formulas are as follows: the varieties used recommended formulas (%) of stage corn soybean wheat bran rice bran meal of chicken egg shell powder rate of product 0-6 622855 weeks 7-14 weeks of 15-20 662095 young chicken week 628178 laying hens laying rate of 65%6717655 the laying rate of laying rate of laying hens 65-80%60.52095.55 80%642236 series of concentrated protein feed ingredients of young chicken egg chicken laying water (%) = 10 = 10 = 10 of crude protein (%) = 33 = 27 = 35 of crude fiber (%) = 6 = 9.6 = 8 of crude ash (%) more than 28 = 45 = 38 (2.0-2.52.5-3.03.0-3.5%) of calcium phosphorus (%) 0.9-1.11.0-1.40.9-1.1 (%) 0.75-1.01.2-1.51.0-1.3 recommended salt feed formula of raw material of corn bran shell powder product phase rate of egg chicken 0-8 week 6040 week 601525 young chicken 8-20 Laying hen 584830 note: it is suggested that the young chicken full price feed and the peak stage full price feed should be used in proper proportion at the early stage of laying. 1 (four) how to calculate the feed formula and practical application of SF-450 feed formula computer 1, how to calculate the feed formula calculation formula to feed various feed nutrients in proportion to add up the energy, especially the quantity of protein content and calcium, phosphorus, salt reached and slightly more than standard amino acid nutrition finally, consider the problem of feed grain and feed sources, due to many varieties, nutritional data calculation is much more, so the calculation is difficult. There are many methods to calculate the formula, but it is generally accepted that the test difference method is better. The data calculated are clear and easy to master, so the difference test method is adopted. For example, we have corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, skin, bone meal, powder and salt, to calculate the feed formula of long-term 6 - 14 weeks Lingsheng. The first step is to list the main nutritional standards of the growing chickens for 6 - 14 weeks and the formula of the ingredients used in the formula, (see chart 9). Second step: determine the amount of feed. Leave high energy feed corn and high protein feed soybean to adjust the proportion of energy and protein. That formula with 10% cottonseed cake, 10% wheat bran, 2.5% mineral additives, can be found in the tables 100% and 376 thousand can metabolism bran cottonseed meal card, 5.55% protein, methionine + cystine 0.159%, lysine 0.216%, the remaining 77.5% with corn and soybean meal with dispensing. The third step: the deployment of the remaining 77.5% trial of corn, the metabolic energy of 2 million 558 thousand cards, 6.59% protein and ten methionine cystine was 0.233%, lysine 0.186%, a total of 97.5% feed containing metabolic energy of 2 million 934 thousand cards, 12.14% protein and ten methionine cystine 0.392%, lysine 0.402%, and comparison of metabolic energy feeding standard 34 thousand card, 2.86% ten less protein, methionine cystine under 0.118%, lysine 0.248% less, below respectively according to these nutrients for the poor and the amount of corn soybean meal. 1 (1) according to the calculation of protein: soybean protein containing 42% corn protein containing 8.5% per 1% soybean meal instead of corn can improve feed grain protein 0.335%[(42-8.5) /100=0.335], the protein owed 2.86%, then 2.86 / 0.335=8.54%. The effects of amount of calculation by 8.6%, jade was 77.5-8.6=68.9%, it can be matched with a diet containing 1.5% protein. 1 (2) according to the ten methionine cystine calculation: soybean egg containing ten cysteines 1.2%, containing 0.3% corn, soybean meal every 1% instead of 1% corn can improve dietary protein ten (1.2-0.3) /100=0.009] 0.009%[cystine. It is less then 0.118 eggs ten Cys 0.118%, 0.009=13.2%. The amount of soybean by 15.2%, corn to calculate the dosage of 77.5-13.2=64.3%, can be combined with a diet of eggs ten cystine by 0.51%. 1 (3) according to the calculation of lysine: soybean containing lysine 2.6%, corn containing lysine 0.24%, each of the 1% corn can improve dietary lysine 0.0236%[(2.60-0.24) /100=0.0236. The lack of lysine 0.248%, then 0.248 0.236=10.5%, soybean cake consumption by 10.5%, corn consumption 77.5-10.5=67% calculation can be equipped with a diet containing lysine 0.64%. The results showed that three feed formulas were obtained. Adjusted for use with synthetic methionine. The soybean corn standard index adjustment calculation of 8.668.9 15% protein plus methionine cystine deficiency eggs in 13.264.3 calculation egg ten 0.51% higher than the standard calculation of the caspase 10.567 lysine 0.64% eggs with methionine plus cystine deficiency 2, SF-450 computer application development of feed formula of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the feed formula computer in the production of more and more widely, its calculation is convenient and fast, overcomes the cumbersome manual calculation of the; precise calculation, overcomes the error of manual calculation, and can feed and feed nutrient content changes into the computer to calculate the best money, accurate feed formula. Have the person of computer can also be used freely, the operation is very simple, in the operation only according to the LCD screen of the "menu", according to the code as feed using ordinary calculator like direct input can be completed, such as corn code 014 is in the key press on the 014 computer, display Chinese "corn" will be on the LCD screen. SF - 450 computer data storage capacity, nutritional components of 188 different varieties of data according to the China feed feed database standard, feeding standard of 186 chicken, goose, pig, cattle, sheep, quail, rabbit, shrimp, eel, poultry, and self nutrition in 90 patients and 50 new standards feed data from feed formula 80. More than 15000 data are stored together. At the same time, the complete feed, concentrated feed, fine materials, trace elements, premix, premix and limit formula can be quickly and accurately calculated, so as to improve the utilization of feed and reduce feed costs. And can print out the text material. Therefore, the use of feed formula computers for feed nutrition calculation can improve feed utilization level and reduce feeding costs. To raise the level of chicken production to a new level. (five) how to rationally use feed and improve economic benefits; 1. Strengthen feed management. (1) purchasing personnel should strengthen quality consciousness, strict quality control, strict inspection before purchase, quality pricing, identification of quality and contract, ensure foolproof. (2) strengthen the management of the storage period, regular ventilation drying, keep low temperature drying, pest control, anti rodent, anti bird. For protein feed with higher water content, long-term purchase should be considered. Antioxidant can be considered. The hens (3) don't use high protein feed, crude protein 19 - 25 week old young chicken feed, gradually from 13.5% to 1.5%, to prevent the production of large egg, egg yolk cause death caused by rectocele. 2. Quality and existing problems of fishmeal. (1) fish meal quality standard. The protein content of fish meal is high, and the content is similar. It is composed of livestock and poultry proteins and various essential amino acids in poultry eggs. Particularly rich in vegetable protein feed lack of lysine, arginine, methionine, cystine, tryptophan, and a large number of B vitamins and vitamins A, D3, etc.; there are calcium, phosphorus, selenium, manganese and other minerals. It has special effects on the growth and development of poultry, the laying of eggs and the hatching rate of eggs. Therefore, the quality of fish meal is ideal for poultry animal protein supplement feed. However, if improperly added or poor quality of fish meal, it will cause disorder of chicken body mass metabolism and hinder growth and development, Even cause illness and death. It is 1983 in China issued by the Ministry of agriculture and Animal Husbandry Fishery fishmeal standard and imported fish meal nutrients as follows, for reference only. The Ministry of agriculture and animal husbandry industry in China in 1983 issued by the project level fishmeal standard grade grade two grade three color yellow brown yellow brown fishmeal smell has the normal smell, no smell and taste of the fineness of the anxious at least 98% normal by 2.8mm standard screen 1 protein (%) of not less than 555045. Adipokines (%) not more than 101214 moisture content (%) does not exceed 121212 salt (%) does not exceed 445 sand (%) does not exceed 445 note: 1 protein refers to crude protein, nitrogen is not allowed to add non meal in fishmeal. Fat refers to crude fat. Salinity refers to the chloride represented by sodium chloride. Sand fraction means acid insoluble burning residue. Crude fat meal nutrition water crude protein of no n coarse ash calcium phosphate stone of Peru fish meal 12.958.112.65.211.24.52.672.57 domestic fresh fish meal 13.152.49.36.318.94.62.204.10 fish powder 13.233.73.349.811.01.2016.8 domestic (2) problems of domestic fish meal fish meal is the most with non edible marine fish and aquatic products processing waste as raw materials for production, but because many manufacturers no large-scale refrigeration equipment, raw materials, products and make the fish and shrimp spoilage, exist in a large variety of fish meal in inferior pathogenic Salmonella, some Red Fishmeal will cause chicken gizzard erosion and cause death. Some manufacturers do not have deodorant, degreasing function of large-scale drying equipment, fish season and rainy weather, mixed with salt storage, so that fish meal containing salt is too high, which led to salt poisoning. 1, some manufacturers see Lee rush, doped in fishmeal feather powder, leather powder, urea, cotton seed cake powder. To reduce the level of fish meal protein, there are residual heavy metals, gossypol and organic toxins, so the purchase of fish meal should be carefully checked, conditional inspection should be submitted. 3. Waste of feed application process and countermeasures. Feed cost is the main expenditure of chicken production costs, accounting for about 65 - 70% of the total cost, reducing feed waste is the main measure to reduce production costs and increase economic benefits. In the daily feeding and management, the amount of feed waste is 5 - 10% of the total amount of feed consumed. If effective measures can be taken to reduce waste, the cost of feed in the province will be considerable in one year. Feed waste can generally be divided into two kinds of direct waste and indirect waste. (1) direct waste. Open food: 1 to 3 days to open the chicken, usually on the newspaper or plastic cloth on the pad, sprinkle with feed, so that chickens free food intake. In the process of feeding, the chicken is easy to feed to the ground or feces mixed together, resulting in waste, and some newspapers were trampled to the pad, resulting in waste. Ground maintenance: as the feed bucket is placed too low, the chicken will feed the food out of the tray, resulting in waste. The third in a cage feeding too much is the main reason for the waste of fodder. Experimental statistics show that when feed is added to feed 2/3, feed waste 12%, feed feed to 1/2, feed waste 5%, feed feed trough 1/3, feed waste about 2%. The use of the tank too long easy deformation and rupture caused by water leaking into the trough caused by waste. Young chicken not restricted feeding, not only a waste of feed, and chicken body fat, affecting the future egg production rate. In the large mechanized farms using storage tower, feed mildew caused by lax leaking cover. The chicken in the feed store rodent, bird, not only eats a lot of feed, but also caused the spread of disease. The disability, low yield and chronic wasting diseases and parasites, and the excess of chickens, are the cause of the feed waste. 1. To feed the long-distance transportation and handling in the process of rain, damp heat, waste can be spilled drip. (2) indirect waste. Improper diet, especially the imbalance of amino acids, lead to the loss of relatively surplus nutrients, and also cause the waste of some feed ratio over the nutritional standards. Lack of sand resulted in lower digestibility of chicken. The failure of feed mill or the abrasion of screen cloth resulted in insufficient feed crushing size and uniformity, and reduced feed utilization. Improper feed storage or excessive time, make some vitamin A, E, B2 reduce efficacy or damage, feed antibiotics and vitamins antagonistic, resulting in certain vitamin deficiencies. The environmental temperature is too hot or cold, the most suitable temperature group living environment the chicken for 20 degrees, then feed the highest paid, best laying, weight gain, if higher than 25 DEG C, the chickens drinking water increased, decreased appetite, cold weather, chicken body and a part of the heat energy consumption due to thermal insulation. 1 6: feed adulteration in the market should pay attention to the quality of feed, there are many businesses in the profit driven in the feed mixed feed adulterated, nutrition does not meet the standard. The first is not timely or not debeaking debeaking, proved debeaking chickens with no timely debeaking chickens, feed consumption savings of about 3%. If the material form is improper, the material form of common feed are powder, granules, pellets (in practice, to 4.5 mm below the chicken, the chicken is more than 4.5 mm) utilization rate is the highest, and the biggest waste powder. To the parasites and chronic wasting disease is feed into more production (weight, egg) output is low, cause feed waste. 1. (3) the material feed saving countermeasures chickens initially with opened tray material, determine the size according to the density, edge height of 1.5 cm and 2 cm, with free access to feed tray, take Qin Tim, feeding less, reduce waste, a feeding end winding up, the remaining feed concentration of pigs. The flat feeding hopper should be hung with silk, the height of which is parallel to the chicken, and the big chicken can be 1 to 2 centimeters higher than the chicken's back so that the feed in the hopper is not easy to pick out. In the cage feeding amount should not be too much in general trough 1/3, and every 1 - 2 hours feeding time, feeding method: residual feed trough re dial evenly with a small shovel, it not only save feed and can stimulate the appetite of chicken. The first level and always check the tank intact, can not be caused by waste water from leaking into the trough. The young chicken was restricted to keep the evenness and weight gain standard. In the regular feed library was deratised, de que, not only can reduce feed waste, but also prevent disease epidemic. 1. The timely elimination of excess production, sick and disabled the cock and the hen. The feed of the scientific and reasonable, strengthen management, improve the utilization rate of feed. To the regular feed sand, improve the chicken digestive rate. In the procurement of large farm feed, conditional can analyze the quality inspection and nutritional elements, to prevent counterfeit feed caused economic losses. 1.