首页 高考必考语法精讲精练专题十三:虚拟语气与情态动词

高考必考语法精讲精练专题十三:虚拟语气与情态动词

举报
开通vip

高考必考语法精讲精练专题十三:虚拟语气与情态动词高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题十三:虚拟语气与情态动词 情态动词和虚拟语气是高考重要考点,《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中列出了虚拟语气以及情态动词。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第79题(短文改错)考查了情态动词must后面接动词原形。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。 知识框架 一. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语) 例如: ①If I were you, I would apply for ...

高考必考语法精讲精练专题十三:虚拟语气与情态动词
高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题十三:虚拟语气与情态动词 情态动词和虚拟语气是高考重要考点,《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中列出了虚拟语气以及情态动词。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第79题(短文改错)考查了情态动词must后面接动词原形。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。 知识框架 一. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语) 例如: ①If I were you, I would apply for the job. ②If I had the money, I would buy it. ③If I were given another chance,I would do it better. ④If I had taken your advice, I would have made great progress. ⑤If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work so easily. ⑥If it should rain tomorrow,I would stay at home all day. ⑦If you were to come tomorrow,I could wait for you at home. 注意:在书面语中,条件从句可以不用连词if,而将谓语中的were,had或should 等移至主语之前构成倒装句。例如: ①Were I you, I would apply for the job. ②Had I taken your advice, I would have made great progress. ③Should it rain tomorrow,I would stay at home all day. 二、错综时间的条件句 虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致,这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。例如: ①If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. (从句yesterday说明过去,主句now说明现在) ②If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. (从句说明过去,主句说明将来。) ③If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. (从句说明现在,主句说明将来)三、含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句有三种情况: 1.条件暗含在单词短语中:常见介词有with假如有, without假如没有, but for要不是因为;连词有or/ otherwise(前句用陈述语气,后句用虚拟);but(前句为虚拟,后句陈述)例如:①He would not get such a result without your help. (条件暗含在介词短语without your help= if you hadn’t helped him中) ②But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. (条件暗含在But for you= If you hadn’t helped me中) ③He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.(暗含条件是连词or;后句为虚拟) ④I would have been to your place, but I was really too busy. =I was really too busy, or/ otherwise I would have been to your place. ⑤She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting. (条件通过连词otherwise/ or表示出来If she had not been ill...) 2.条件可根据上下文推理出 ①They could have won.(条件可能是if they had been patient ) ②Such mistakes could have been avoided.(条件可能是if you had been more careful ) ③Why didn't you tell me about it I should have helped you.(条件可能是if you had told me about it) ④-- Did you go to see him yesterday? -- I would have, but someone come to visit me.(条件是if no one had come to visit me)3.条件用其他形式来表示 ①Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do? (用suppose/ supposing/ providing等词表示if) ②To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well.(不定式有假设的意思,相当于If you should talk with her...) ③Left to himself, he could not have finished the work.(动词的-ed形式表示条件If he had been left to himself...) 二. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 sb. did(were)…(表现在) 1. wish+that sb. had done… (表过去) sb. would/could do…(表将来) 例如: ①I wish I knew his address. ②I wish he hadn’t been rude to his parents. ③He wishes we would go with him. 例如: ①I’d rather you posted the letter right away. (现在) ②I’d rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you.(过去) ③I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow .(将来) 3. 表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”(“坚决要命”)等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从 句,谓语用should+do,should可省略(注意:被动语态用should+be+done)。这类词有:insist,suggest,advise,recommend,propose,decide,determine,demand,request,require,desire,order,command等。例如: ①The expert proposed that TV should be turned off at least one hour every day. ②Experiments demand that accurate measurements be made. ③She insisted that we should take up the matter at the meeting. 注意: 1. suggest 表示“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气。 2. insist 表示“坚持说、坚持认为(某个事实)”时,用陈述语气。例如: ①Your pale face suggests that you are ill. ②He insisted that he hadn’t stolen the money. 三. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中 It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should do,should 可省略。 例如: ①It is required that the students should not use mobile phones in their school. ②It’s necessary that college students should master at least one foreign language. 四.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。 表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”(“坚决要命”)等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +do,should可以省略(注意:被动语态用should+be+done)。这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation等。例如: ①He gave orders that the work (should) be started at once. ②We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should ) be put off. 五.虚拟语气用在表语从句中。 表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”(“坚决要命”)等主观意向的的名词作主语时,表语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +do,should可省略(注意:被动语态用should+be+done)这类名词主要有:advice, suggestion, order, proposal,demand,desire, request, requirement, recommendation等。例如: ①My suggestion is that the mayor (should) present the prizes. ②His plan is that he should pass the exam first. 六.虚拟语气用在定语从句中 It is(about/high)time+that sb.did sth/should do sth. (注意:本句型中should不可省略)例如: ①It's about time that we went home. ②It’s high time that we should go home. 注:在It/This/That +be+ the first time/second time that...句型中,从句中谓语动词用完成时态。例如: ①This is the first time that I have visited Hongkong. ②That was the third time that he had made the same mistake. 七. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的、不用if的条件状语从句中 1.在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。例如: ①Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. ②I wouldn’t buy it even though I had money. 2.由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be 用were)或“had十过去分词”。例如: ①He treated me as if I were a stranger. ②She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 3.虚拟语气用在lest(唯恐、免得),for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由“should +动词原形”构成,should也可省略。例如: ①He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. ②He handled the instrument with care for fear (that) it should be damaged. ③Take some more money with you in case you should need it. ④He can use the car on condition that he should return it tomorrow. 八.虚拟语气用情感语言中 If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语。例如: ①If only you were here now. ②If only I had known the result of the examination. 九.情态动词+have done的其他用法 1.must have done :肯定/一定做过(某事)。例如: ①It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. ②You must have been mad to speak to such a fool. ③His i-phone must have been stolen by someone,he could’t find it anywhere. 2.can’t/couldn’t have done:不可能做过(某事);一定没做过(某事)。例如: ①I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She couldn’t have attended the meeting. ②He can’t have gone abroad,I saw him a moment ago. 3.may/might /could have done:可能做过(某事)。例如: ①He may/could have broken up with his girlfriend. ②He might have given you help, even though he was busy. 4.may/might not have done:可能没做过(某事)。例如: ①He may not have seen that film. ②They may not have known it beforehand. 5.should have done/ought to have done:本来应该做某事(而没做)。例如: ①You should have finished your work on time. ②I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 6.should’t have done/ought’t to have done:本不应该做某事(而做了)。例如: ①You shouldn’t have put your book on the bed. ②He ought’t to have blamed you,it’s not your fault. 温馨推荐 您可前往百度文库小程序 享受更优阅读体验 不去了 立即体验 7.could have done:本来可以做某事(而没做)。例如: ①You could have passed the exam,you were too careless. ②He could have worked in Wuhan after graduation,but he decided to work in the remote countryside. 8.needn’t have done:本来没必要做某事(而做了)。例如: ①You needn’t have come so early. ②You needn’t have taken my umbrella on such a fine day. 9.would have done :本来会做某事;就已经......例如: ①He would have come to help me ,but he was too busy then. ②If I had taken your advice, I would have made great progress. 高考短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·虚拟语气与情态动词 考点规律分析:短文改错及语法填空对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查主要涉及情态动词的选择、情态动词的否定表达、情态动词后面接动词原形、should+动词原形构成的虚拟语气以及时态后退型的虚拟语气。 虚拟语气短文改错及语法填空真题训练: 1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,阅读A)When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School in 1952, she ________not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. 2.(2016·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. 3.(2016·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 4.(2016·北京,31)I love the weekend, because I________get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 5.(2016·浙江,17)George ________(go) too far .His coffee is still warm. 6.(2015·北京,29)—Can't you stay a little longer? —It's getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone. 7.(2015·浙江,4)It was so noisy that we ________ not hear ourselves speak. 8.(2015·重庆,12)You ________ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years. 9.(2015·陕西,21)You ________feel all the training a waste of time,but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it. 10.(2015·四川,2)You ________ be careful with the camera.It costs! 11.(2015·福建,27)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad.You ________ have made full preparations. 12.(2015·天津,7)I ________have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 13.(2014·北京,27)________ I have a word with you? It won't take long. 14.(2014·湖南,25)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. —Do you mean we________ (not)bring anything with us? 15.(2014·江苏,31)It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,________bring me food. 16.(2014·江西,30)Life is unpredictable;even the poorest ________become the richest. 虚拟语气短文改错专项训练: 1. It is high time that you leave for Shanghai. 2. She suggests that her brother not goes to college. 3. The judge insisted that the spy was put in prison. 4. How I wish I am as strong as you. 5. It is necessary that the patient is sent to hospital right away. 6. If he hadn’t been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now. 7. If I am you, I would give him a good beating. 学习札记: 虚拟语气短文改错及语法填空真题训练: I.1.could[根据句意:当桑德拉在法律学习毕业之后,因为她是女人,没能在法律公司找到工作。] 2.ch ose→choose[考查动词原形。根据语法知识可知,情态动词can后要用动词原形。] 3.去掉can或can→should[考查固定表达。suggest表示“建议”,后面的宾语从句要用should do形式,should可以省略,故答案有两种改法。] 4.needn’t[考查情态动词。句意:我喜欢周末,因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。] 5.can’t have gone[考查情态动词。句意:乔治不可能已经走得太远。他的咖啡温乎。can’t have done表示对过去否定的推测,意为“不可能做了……”。] 6.must[句意:——你不能再多待一会儿吗?——天要黑了,我真的现在必须走了,我的女儿独自呆在家里。must必须。] 7.could[句意:太吵闹了,我们连自己说的话都听不到。can/could表示“能力,能够”。根据前面的was可知,此处要用过去时could。] 8.must[句意:你一定是Carol,这些年以来你一点都没变。must一定,表示推测,符合句意。] 9.may[句意:你也许会认为所有的 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百的保证你以后会感激你所做的事情。考查情态动词。根据后文的描述可以看出此处培训还没有结束,是一种不肯定的推测语气。] 10.must[考查情态动词。句意:你一定要非常小心对待照相机,它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。] 11.should[句意:——很抱歉,妈妈,我的面试又失败了。——噢,真是太糟糕了,你本应该做好充分准备的。考查情态动词+have done的意义。根据上句的面试又失败了,可知是对过去事实的虚拟。should have done本应该做但是没有做。] 12.needn't[句意:在来到新学校前我本不必担心,因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。考查情态动词。needn't have done...本不必做的事做了。] 13.Can14.needn't15.should16.might 虚拟语气短文改错专项训练: 1. leave改为left。It is time后面的从句动词要用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式。 2. goes改为go。suggest表示“建议”,后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。谓语动词用原形。 3. was改为be。宾语从句要用虚拟语气。 4. am改为were。wish后面的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。 5. 第二个is改为be。主语从句要用虚拟语气。 6. will 改为would。此处要用虚拟语气。 7. am 改为were。这是一个与现在情况相反的一个假设,要用虚拟语气。
本文档为【高考必考语法精讲精练专题十三:虚拟语气与情态动词】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑, 图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
该文档来自用户分享,如有侵权行为请发邮件ishare@vip.sina.com联系网站客服,我们会及时删除。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。
本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。
网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
下载需要: 免费 已有0 人下载
最新资料
资料动态
专题动态
is_686908
暂无简介~
格式:doc
大小:44KB
软件:Word
页数:0
分类:高中英语
上传时间:2019-09-02
浏览量:17