中国电影名称的英译毕业论文

中国电影名称的英译 毕业论文 毕业论文答辩ppt模板下载毕业论文ppt模板下载毕业论文ppt下载关于药学专业毕业论文临床本科毕业论文下载 学 号: NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 毕业 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 GRADUATE THESIS 论文题目:中国电影名称的英译 学生姓名: 专业班级:11英语2班 学 院:外国语学院 指导教师: 2015年04月30日 i Translation of Chinese movie title By A graduate thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts to the College of Foreign Languages North China University of Science and Technology thAPRIL 30, 2015 2 毕业设计(论文)原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明 本人郑重承诺:所呈交的毕业设计(论文)，是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 作 者 签 名: 日 期: 指导教师签名: 日 期: 使用授权说明 本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计(论文)的规定，即:按照学校要求提交毕业设计(论文)的印刷本和电子版本;学校有权保存毕业设计(论文)的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务;学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文;在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。 作者签名: 日 期: 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 涉密论文按学校规定处理。 作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 导师签名: 日期: 年 月 日 注 意 事 项 1.设计(论文)的内容包括: 1)封面(按教务处制定的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 封面格式制作) 2)原创性声明 3)中文摘要(300字左右)、关键词 4)外文摘要、关键词 5)目次页(附件不统一编入) 6)论文主体部分:引言(或绪论)、正文、结论 7)参考文献 8)致谢 9)附录(对论文支持必要时) 2.论文字数要求:理工类设计(论文)正文字数不少于1万字(不包括图纸、程序清单等)，文科类论文正文字数不少于1.2万字。 3.附件包括:任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文(复印件)。 4.文字、图表要求: 1)文字通顺，语言流畅，书写字迹工整，打印字体及大小符合要求，无错别字，不准请他人代写 2)工程设计类题目的图纸，要求部分用尺规绘制，部分用计算机绘制，所有图纸应符合国家技术标准 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 。图表整洁，布局合理，文字注释必须使用工程字书写，不准用徒手画 3)毕业论文须用A4单面打印，论文50页以上的双面打印 4)图表应绘制于无格子的页面上 5)软件工程类课题应有程序清单，并提供电子文档 5.装订顺序 1)设计(论文) 2)附件:按照任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文(复印件)次序装订 指导教师评阅书 指导教师评价: 一、撰写(设计)过程 1、学生在论文(设计)过程中的治学态度、工作精神 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 2、学生掌握专业知识、技能的扎实程度 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 3、学生综合运用所学知识和专业技能分析和解决问题的能力 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 4、研究方法的科学性;技术线路的可行性;设计 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 的合理性 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 5、完成毕业论文(设计)期间的出勤情况 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 二、论文(设计)质量 1、论文(设计)的整体结构是否符合撰写规范, ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 2、是否完成指定的论文(设计)任务(包括装订及附件), ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 三、论文(设计)水平 1、论文(设计)的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 2、论文的观念是否有新意,设计是否有创意, ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 3、论文(设计说明书)所体现的整体水平 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 建议成绩:? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 (在所选等级前的?内画“?”) 指导教师: (签名) 单位: (盖章) 年 月 日 评阅教师评阅书 评阅教师评价: 一、论文(设计)质量 1、论文(设计)的整体结构是否符合撰写规范, ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 2、是否完成指定的论文(设计)任务(包括装订及附件), ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 二、论文(设计)水平 1、论文(设计)的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 2、论文的观念是否有新意,设计是否有创意, ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 3、论文(设计说明书)所体现的整体水平 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 建议成绩:? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 (在所选等级前的?内画“?”) 评阅教师: (签名) 单位: (盖章) 年 月 日 教研室(或答辩小组)及教学系意见 教研室(或答辩小组)评价: 一、答辩过程 1、毕业论文(设计)的基本要点和见解的叙述情况 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 2、对答辩问题的反应、理解、表达情况 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 3、学生答辩过程中的精神状态 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 二、论文(设计)质量 1、论文(设计)的整体结构是否符合撰写规范, ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 2、是否完成指定的论文(设计)任务(包括装订及附件), ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 三、论文(设计)水平 1、论文(设计)的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 2、论文的观念是否有新意,设计是否有创意, ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 3、论文(设计说明书)所体现的整体水平 ? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 评定成绩:? 优 ? 良 ? 中 ? 及格 ? 不及格 教研室主任(或答辩小组组长): (签名) 年 月 日 教学系意见: 系主任: (签名) 年 月 日 摘要 中国电影日益走出国门，在国际上展露风采，为进一步促进中国改革和开放，加快中国发展，加强中西方文化精神交流，起着越来越重要的作用。早期，我国有少量优秀电影作品走向国际，当时，电影片名的翻译显得十分重要，因为电影片名起着画龙点睛的作用， 吸引不同文化的人感兴趣并进入影院观看。 当今，全球化趋势越来越明显，中国电影越来越受到全世界的关注和喜爱， 如何给中国电影起个合适又耀眼的好英文名，以吸引更多观众了解中国文化和风土人情，是一件非常重要的事情。 本文从英文电影片名的特点出发，总结英文电影片名和中文电影片名的异同， 并列举出中文片名英译的几种方法及适用范围，同时佐以大量实例，为中文电影片名的英译寻求一些可行之法 关键词 中国电影片名;中外片名特点;翻译原则;翻译方法 ABSTRACT Chinese Film increasingly out of the country, showing off style in the world, in order to further promote China's reform and opening up, accelerate the development of China, strengthen the spirit of Western culture exchanges play an increasingly important role. Early on, there are a small number of outstanding films go international, then, the translation of movie titles is very important, because the movie titles play a finishing touch to attract people who are interested in different cultures and into the theater to watch. Nowadays, more and more obvious trend of globalization, Chinese movies more and more attention and love of the world, how to give a proper Chinese film from another dazzling good English name, in order to attract more viewers to understand Chinese culture and customs, are a very important thing. In this paper, the characteristics of the English movie titles starting summarize in English and Chinese Film Titles Movie Titles similarities and differences, and outlines several methods and scope of Chinese Title Translations, while accompanied by a large number of instances, for the Chinese Film Title Translation seeking some feasible solution Key words Chinese movie title ;English movie title ;principle of translation; Methods of translation CONTANTS 摘要................................................................................................................................ 1 ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 2 Literature Interview ..................................................................................... 12 2.1 The Significance of A Good Movie Title Translation .................................... 12 2.2 Features of Chinese and English Movie Titles ............................................. 12 2.2.1 In Terms of Form .................................................................................. 12 2.2.2 In Terms of Style................................................................................... 13 n Terms of Aesthetic and Thinking Modes ......................................... 14 2.2.3 I 2.3 Prior Studies on Chinese Film Title Translation............................................. 14 2.3.1Transliteration ........................................................................................ 14 2.3.2 Literal Translation.............................................................................. 15 2.3.3 Liberal Translation ............................................................................. 15 2.3.4 Combination of Transliteration and Liberal Translation ...................... 15 2.3.5 Combination of Literal Translation and Liberal Translation ................ 16 Chapter 3 Comparison with the titles of the Chinese movie and Western movie .... 17 3.1 A General Review of English Movie Titles.................................................... 17 3.1.1 Adventure Movies................................................................................. 17 3.1.2 Fantasy Movies ..................................................................................... 18 3.1.3 Comedy Movies .................................................................................... 18 3.1.4 Lyric Movies ......................................................................................... 18 3.2Features of English Movie Titles ..................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Linguistic Features ................................................................................ 19 3.2.2 Aesthetic Features ................................................................................. 19 3.2.3 Cultural Features ................................................................................... 19 3.2.4 Commercial Features ............................................................................ 20 3.3 A General Review of Chinese Movie Titles ................................................ 20 3.3. 1. Verb Dominant.................................................................................... 20 3.3.2 Structural Stress, A Clear Theme.......................................................... 20 Chapter 4 Principles of Chinese Film Title Translations .......................................... 21 4.1 Summarizes the Film's Content, Accurately Convey the Theme of the Movie21 4.2 Change the Differences in the Language and Culture ................................. 22 4.3 In Line with the Audience's Aesthetic Habits .............................................. 23 Chapter 5 Techniques Employed in the Translation of Chinese Film Titles ............ 24 5.1 Transliteration ................................................................................................. 24 5.2 Literal Translation........................................................................................... 25 5.3 Liberal Translation .......................................................................................... 25 5.3.1 Combination of Transliteration and Liberal Translation ...................... 26 5.3.2 Combination of Literal Translation and Liberal Translation ................ 26 5.3.3 Adaptation ............................................................................................. 27 Chapter 6Conclusion.................................................................................................... 28 Bibliography................................................................................................................. 30 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Significance of A Good Movie Title Translation With the course of globalization, various countries have closer ties with the rest of the world in economy, education, politics, and culture. China, as the largest developing country in the world, has a lot more communications with other countries now. Moreover, film is a good way of cultural exchange, and it provides a vivid way of understanding different cultures, customs, literature and lives. Film title is an essential part of the film. An excellent title can play the role of adding the finishing touch, attracting audience and giving audience much food for thought. Film titles not only reflect the central thought of films but also attract the audience with brief and novel forms. Concerning that, translation of film title seems to be greatly important because it may influence the masses’ impression on the film. Learning the basic methods of translating film titles is the basic acquirement of film translation. Film is an art and a commodity as well. With the opening of the Chinese market, we have more and more films. Audiences need to understand the film titles before they enjoy the films. Film titles convey the story to the audience to attract them. This requires the translation of film titles to be accurate and embody the commercial values. 1.2 Structure of the Thesis This thesis contains six chapters. Chapter one is introduction. It mainly states background of the research, purpose of this research, significance of the research and the structure of the thesis. Chapter two is literature review. It covers the The influencing factors of Chinese film title translation,Features of Chinese and English movie titles,Prior Studies on Chinese film title translation. In Chapter three,we comparison with the titles of the Chinese movie and Western movie ,First,there is a General Review of English Movie Titles,and then,it talk about Features of English Movie Titles,the last part is the General Review of Chinese Movie Titles. Chapter four is contrast the Principles of Chinese Film Title Translations Chapter five is the most important .in this part,the chapter will discuss the Techniques Employed in the Translation of Chinese Film Titles. Chapter six draws a conclusion. Chapter 2 Literature Interview 2.1 The Significance of A Good Movie Title Translation With the course of globalization, various countries have closer ties with the rest of the world in economy, education, politics, and culture. China, as the largest developing country in the world, has a lot more communications with other countries now. Moreover, film is a good way of cultural exchange, and it provides a vivid way of understanding different cultures, customs, literature and lives. Film title is an essential part of the film. An excellent title can play the role of adding the finishing touch, attracting audience and giving audience much food for thought. Film titles not only reflect the central thought of films but also attract the audience with brief and novel forms. Concerning that, translation of film title seems to be greatly important because it may influence the masses’ impression on the film. Learning the basic methods of translating film titles is the basic acquirement of film translation. Film is an art and a commodity as well. With the opening of the Chinese market, we have more and more films. Audiences need to understand the film titles before they enjoy the films. Film titles convey the story to the audience to attract them. This requires the translation of film titles to be accurate and embody the commercial values. 2.2 Features of Chinese and English Movie Titles Due to the differences of culture and language between China and the west, the titles of each side differ in the following aspects. 2.2.1 In Terms of Form As far as length is concerned, Chinese movie titles looks short and brief, normally no more than seven words, such as《暖》, 《英雄》, 《独自等待》, 《秋 菊打官司》, 《一个都不能少》, 《第一次亲密接触》. And most Chinese movie titles are four-word idioms or set phrases, such as 《卧虎藏龙》《霸王別姬》, . Structure is carefully considered in Chinese movie titles. While for an English movie, the title is freer in both length, words use and structure, it can be as short as Matrix, babe, or they, but also can be as long as The Englishman Who Went up A Hill But Came Down A Mountain. And it can be an idiom or a word or even a question etc., such as Far Away, they, and Who is Eating Gilbert Grape. Another difference is that Chinese movie titles are mostly verbs or verb phrases, while English movie titles are mostly nouns or noun phrases. That is to say, for Chinese movie titles, verbs or verb phrases are on the dominant position but nouns or noun phrases are used in a small number, for English movie titles, the situation is just opposite. The examples of each are in large numbers. As examples, 《我心飞翔》, 《十面埋伏》, 《秋菊打官司》, 《独自等待》etc. and Cold Mountain, Casablanca, Ghost, Million Dollar Baby etc. can serve well. From 1928 to 2000, there are fifty of sixty-two Oscar Award movies use nouns or noun phrases as their titles. An evident feature of English movies is that names are frequently used as their titles. 《Thelma & Louise》,《 Erin Brockvich》,《 Jane Eyre》,《 Madam Curie》, 《Sabrina》 are eloquent examples. Places are also used as titles of English movies, for example,《Casablanca》,《Brokeback Mountain》,and 《Noting Hill》. On the contrary, Chinese movies seldom use names or places as titles. Because only the name of an important person can be used as a title of a movie, such as 《焦裕禄》, it is imaginable to use a name of a nobody as a title of a movie, this also applies to places. 2.2.2 In Terms of Style Chinese movies are directly towards the theme in brief and meaningful words, it is easy for the audience to get a general idea about what is about or what is going to happen in the story with just a look at the title, whereas English movies’ titles are always just telling who, what, when, where or how, much information has been kept. In order to understand the movie’s theme, the audiences have to watch the movie with their own eyes, for example, you can’t guess what it is going to happen in Ghost if you don’t watch it, but it is sure that you can guess more about 《倩,幽魂》. And also without a beforehand watching you can absolutely get the theme of《再说一次我 爱你》, but you can’t in A love Story. Furthermore English movies titles are always free in style, it can be as odd as Seven, but also can be as common as A love Story, but for Chinese movies, titles are always serious, such as 《天下无贼》, 《霸王別姬》, it is hard to find a movie with a strange title. 2.2.3 In Terms of Aesthetic and Thinking Modes English movie titles look simple, casual. The freedom in length, structure, and language use reflects their aesthetic theory of simplicity. Chinese movie titles look symmetric, serious and delicate. Moreover, Chinese movie titles sounds musical with peculiar Chinese tones due to careful consideration of a movie title’s audio-metric effect. These features reflect the Chinese aesthete of symmetry and balance. These differences above reflect the difference of philosophy thinking and the aesthete between China and the west world. According to Fu lei, westerners value analysis and details, they try to be as specific and perfect as possible in their writings. Accuracy and specificity are emphasized in western culture, and the westerners see from the angle of parts or factors. What the western thinking way of analyzing and valuing parts reflects in movies is that names, the main factor of story line, are frequently used as titles. And the large use of name-titles is also the manifestation of individualism, the heart-rooted philosophy belief of the westerners. The belief emphasizes the rights and independence of individuals. Therefore, as a manifestation in movies, names of individuals are emphasized as the most considerable characteristic. Fu lei also concluded that Chinese value synthesizing and inducing. As a matter of fact, Chinese usually hold things from the whole and general view. So Chinese movie titles are of generality, and direct towards the theme. 2.3 Prior Studies on Chinese Film Title Translation. Under the guidance of the Skopos theories ,three basic techniques are adopted in translating Chinese film titles: transliteration,literal translation and liberal translation. The liberal translation can be further divided into three kinds: the combination of literal translation and liberal translation,the combination of transliteration and liberal translation and adaptation. 2.3.1Transliteration Transliteration means to seek phonetic correspondence,that is,the conversion of different alphabets in different language systems.Transliteration is often used in the translation of proper names , the name of persons and places and historical events in particular in the film titles.This technique is always used in the Chinese film title translation for it can remain the phonetic fluency of original film titles to show its strong foreign flavor which may arouse the audience’s curiosity to explore what is exotic and unknown to them. 2.3.2 Literal Translation As is acknowledged by many translators , the literal translation approach is the most important and most common translation method. By converting the grammatical constructions to their nearest equivalents,literal translation can preserve both the content and the form of the original to a maximum Because of some similarities between Chinese culture and western culture,some film titles can be literally translated，especially those film titles which matches the story of a film perfectly, 2.3.3 Liberal Translation Owing to great differences between the Chinese and English cultures,literal translation always fails to fulfill the communicative functions. Given this, translators may often adopt free translation. Free translation is an alternative approach that is used mainly to convey the meaning and the spirit of the original title without sticking to the form mechanically. The form of free translation,rendering one sentence rather than one word at a time, is smuggled across the boundary between freedom and fidelity. It is a sense-for- sense translation. 2.3.4 Combination of Transliteration and Liberal Translation As has been put，the pure "transliteration of film titles words can retain the exotic flavor and the novelty of the original title". But it cannot how the cultural features of the target language and cannot accord with foreign people's psychology and their expressive values. Successful translated versions of film titles can at one time have the informative expressive and vocative functions. How can a translator successfully achieve these functions at one time? The combination of transliteration and liberal translation can be regarded as an efficient solution. 2.3.5 Combination of Literal Translation and Liberal Translation In some cases, the translation of film titles requires the combination of literal translation and liberal translation,which proves to be a very effective way. The advantage of the combination of literal and liberal translation is that literal translation can deliver the literal meaning of the title at the surface level, and at the same time liberal translation expresses the implied meaning of the title in a depth. Such a combination can transmit the message to the best extent and add to the artistic appeal of the title. Chapter 3 Comparison with the titles of the Chinese movie and Western movie 3.1 A General Review of English Movie Titles It is not difficult to see that movie, as a special art form, is different from other forms such as books or magazines, which could be laid on bookshelves for readers to appreciate first and decide whether to buy or not later. Movie differentiates itself from books, magazine and TV series in that it is able to achieve the effect of aesthetic, artistic and sensual pleasures at a very fast speed. Particularly in this hustle and bustle world, movie title is destined to be very attractive in the first place, so as to arouse people’s desire to watch before they walk into the cinema, and achieve its commercial goal, that is more box office as well. Whether the movie is attracting or not, the name is one important deciding factor, for it is often the first that comes into the potential viewer’s attention. If the title is eye-catching and curiosity-stimulating, the movie is half successful. As has been stated above, a good translation of movie titles may add charm to the movie and contribute a lot to the box-office value. Before we come to the core of the thesis, it is quite necessary to make a general analysis of English movie titles in order that it will provide a better understanding of the research subject. Categories of English Movies According to He Ying, movies usually fall into three categories based on different contents: documentary movies, science and educational movies, and feature movies. Feature movies are most popular in Chinese movie market, they not only cater for people of all walks of life, but also convey the most cultural information, hence the present paper focuses specially on the Chinese translation of English feature films, which are further divided into four sub-categories, namely, adventure movies, fantasy movies, comedy movies and lyric movies. 3.1.1 Adventure Movies Adventure movies include action movies, horror movies, western movies， disaster movies, spy movies and crime movies. Titles of this kind of movies normally feature emotion-stirring effect. Examples are The Godfather《教父》,Once Upon A Time in the West《西部往事》, Rebecca《蝴蝶梦》. 3.1.2 Fantasy Movies Fantasy movies are usually scientific, visionary and imaginative, with science fiction 3 movie as the main component. Titles of this kind aim to reveal new and strange things to the audience. A host of movies belong to this group, such as, Star War《星 球大战》, Alien《异形》, Jurassic Park《侏罗纪公园》. 3.1.3 Comedy Movies Comedy movies are designed to arouse laughter from the audience. Comedies are light-hearted dramas, crafted to amuse, entertain, and provoke enjoyment. Being rich in humorous flavor is the feature of titles of this type of movies. Movies such as Hot Shots! 《反斗神鹰》, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World《疯狂世界》belong to this category. 3.1.4 Lyric Movies A large number of movies can be categorized into this type, including love story movies, family movies, drama movies and musical/dance movies. Movie titles of this kind are plain in wording but rich in romantic lyric and emotional flavor. Examples are Gone with the Wind《乱世佳人》, Golden Pond《金色池塘》, Love Story《爱 情故事》, etc. 3.2Features of English Movie Titles Although movies, as a kind of literary form, have something in common with other literary forms, they also possess some unique features, which make them different from others. The same is true of the case of movies titles. In the following part the overall features of English movies titles will be expounded from the linguistic, aesthetic, cultural and commercial perspectives. 3.2.1 Linguistic Features Generally speaking, although English movie titles are very short, concise and compact with regard to the structure, yet rich in meaning. Lots of movie titles only contain one word, which may be the name of the hero or heroine, the place, or the time where or when the story happens or the theme of the whole story. For instance, Ali《拳王阿里》, Jaw《大白鲨》, Crash《冲撞》and Munich《慕尼黑》. Sometimes, they adopt various kinds of phrases as titles, namely, noun phrases, verb phrases and prepositional phrases, which are exemplified in the following titles: The Silence of the Lamb《沉默的羔羊》，consisting of a modifier and the word it modifies; Dance 4 With Wolves《与狼共舞》，using the structure of a verb-object phrase; On Golden Pond 《金色池塘》，employing the prepositional phrase. In addition, some movies employ highly concise sentences as the titles. For instance, It’s a Wonderful Life《美 好生 活》，The Superman Returns《超人归来》. 3.2.2 Aesthetic Features As mentioned before, movie is a typical form of the modern art, which has its own aesthetic values and features. Being the part which first greets the audience’s eyes, the title of a movie can well reflect such aesthetic features. Generally speaking, the aesthetic characteristics of movie titles are closely related to the application of rhetorical devices, such as simile, metaphor, irony, personification, alliteration, and so on. For example: The Elephant Man《象人》(metaphor), Crystal Heart《心如水 晶》 (simile), True Lies《真实的谎言》(oxymoron), What Price Glory《光荣何价 》 (rhetoric question), The Science of the Lambs《沉默的羔羊》(allusion). 3.2.3 Cultural Features Movie titles are closely related to various aspects of societies, such as religion, history, philosophy and so on. More often than not, cultural features are closely related to the quotation of idioms and allusions, which convey rich cultural meanings. For example, movies such as Seven《七宗罪》, Original Sin《原罪》are enveloped in strong Western color, and clearly show the great influence upon English movie titles exerted by western religious culture. A movie is a mirror and conveyer of a specific culture as the social context, cultural phenomena and ideology are shown and implied in it. This feature of movies can be reflected at the level of movie titles, which are inevitably branded by the typical national characteristics and cultural values. Chinese people can gradually get familiar with western cultures by getting in touch with English movies and fully understanding the titles with cultural-loaded words. 3.2.4 Commercial Features As a popular artistic form, movies are products of commercialization. To some extent, it is justified in saying that a movie will be meaningless if it cannot attract the public attention and bring large profit. Therefore, film titles should always be 5 eye-catching and be tinged with commercial color. In a sense, such characteristic can help to boom the movie industry. However, this does not mean that one can merely pursue large commercial profit by providing some queer titles with no regard to the connotation of the original. 3.3 A General Review of Chinese Movie Titles 3.3. 1. Verb Dominant Very active verbs in Chinese, the Chinese people are used to using verbs. Verb phrase The emergence of that title sporty look, majestic popularity, resulting in a strong sense of Dyeing force. Such as 《十而埋伏》、《独自等待》、《看上去很 美》 3.3.2 Structural Stress, A Clear Theme Overall, the Chinese film in naming the same as the traditional Chinese painting chase Seeking lofty, serene, ethereal, prefer to have a symbolic or poetic titles.Such as 《人红灯笼高高挂》、《红玫瑰、自玫瑰》、《花样年华》and so on.Meanwhile, the influence of traditional Chinese culture by the Chinese name of the movie or multi idioms Four-word phrase, dapper but meaningful, such as 卧虎藏龙》、《东邪西毒》、 《春光乍泻》 and so on. Chapter 4 Principles of Chinese Film Title Translations Movie Titles translation should follow Nida "functional equivalence" translation theory. The so-called functional equivalence is the purpose of the source language and the language the audience feel roughly the same audience in an interview with the information (HE Ying, 2001). Function mainly of movie titles in it concise overview video content, revealing the movie theme, the audience can grasp by title style and substance of the film; it is through language forms Creative design the greatest extent possible to stimulate the audience's imagination force and viewing desires, and to get the audience influence of the arts, enjoy the beauty. English movie titles for the same to be the functional equivalence of the theoretical basis is carried out, that the translation should reproduce the original title of the information, and video content match, full of artistic charm; also need to meet the English language specification and the Anglo-American countries the audience's aesthetic habits,. Specifically, I believe that the Chinese movie titles for translation should follow the following principles. 4.1 Summarizes the Film's Content, Accurately Convey the Theme of the Movie 《漂亮妈妈》 director of "beautiful mother" tells the story of a family of three women Sun Liying, whose son Zheng born deaf, and her husband divorced, abandoned her away. In order to take care of children, she quit her job with a tricycle with his son every day delivering newspapers, do part-time, take advantage of every opportunity to teach children to practice pronunciation, just for one day, his son Zheng can be like the other kids, like carrying a bag on elementary, middle school, on University. Faced with numerous hardships in life, Sun Liying tenacious and confident, not afraid of any difficulties. The film allows the audience really feel great mother. Title Translation of Breaking the Silence, accurately reflects the theme of the movie, the mother has been trying to help the deaf son broke the silence, to overcome the silence. Chinese viewers can understand the meaning of the film: the mother because of the great and "pretty", but the English "beautiful" refers only to visual beauty, can not contain more profound meaning. Information from Breaking the Silence and the audience beautiful mother in the two translations obtained is completely different, which is very misleading the audience. Another example is the movie 《甲方乙方》, the story tells of a contract to realize the dream thing. Dream Factory translated accurately summarizes the content of the film. Summarize the content of the film, accurately convey the theme of the movie is a movie translation should be done first, the audience to predict the content of the film from the title, if the title is inconsistent with the content, will give the audience the film is more difficult to understand, is not conducive to cultural exchange. 4.2 Change the Differences in the Language and Culture translation is a translation conversion, involving two languages, two cultures, and in the translation to fully take into account the cultural information carried by title, attention to the different words in English, and try to figure out the wording of the term, to be accurate grasp the significance of the primitive surface and the target language and associative meaning, it is necessary to consider a peer, but also to take into account the translation of Communication and acceptability, in order to avoid misinterpretation. 《荆轲棘秦王》 is described in the third century BC in China, Jing Keci kill swordsman tale king win governance. "Emperor and the Assassin" is a familiar story of the Chinese people. “风萧萧兮易水寒, 壮士一去兮不复还”is almost famous in Chinese . For most foreign visitors, the story is very strange. "Jing Ke" and "king" contains a moving story, but foreigners do not know what kind of people they are, translated The Emperor and the Assassin emphasize the identity of the two "king" and "assassin", transforming the cultural differences so that the audience can have a general understanding of the film. Chinese people's aesthetic concepts in the United States with particular emphasis on balance and subtle beauty, and Chinese in the four-character phrase precisely balanced grid beauty and subtle beauty of the perfect unity, its sonorous sounds, expressive, has a unique charm, often used in Chinese movie titles, such as: 《纵横四海》、 《重庆森林》、 《霸王别 姬》、 《花样年华》、《甲方乙方》、 《东邪西毒》、 《不见不散》and so on. Chinese Four structure dapper, well-structured, vivid, rhythmic and expressive. The English translation of the original but difficult to be done and, like neat and tidy, in the English translation can play their own characteristics to video content based, flexible translation. 4.3 In Line with the Audience's Aesthetic Habits English translation must comply expression habits, language authentic, consistent aesthetic habits of the target language audience to target language audience's acceptance and understanding for the purpose, at the same time asked to demonstrate the art of words and sentences. Specific to reflect on the movie title is: Chinese audiences are accustomed to accept those who are embracing the title, while Western multi-purpose play a key role in the story of people, objects, and other things for the title, such as Pearl Harbor, Hone Alone, the God Father. So when you slice into English as much as possible in thinking from the perspective of the target language audience, find the right translation Chapter 5 Techniques Employed in the Translation of Chinese Film Titles Under the guidance of the Skopos theories ， three basic techniquesare ado pted in translating Chinese film titles: transliteration ， literal translation and li beral translation. The liberal translation can be further divided into three kinds: the combination of literal translation and liberal translation ， the combination of transliteration and liberal translation and adaptation. 5.1 Transliteration Transliteration means to seek phonetic correspondence ， that is ， the co nversion of different alphabets in different language systems. Transliteration is often used in the translation of proper names ，the name of persons and places and historical events in particular in the film titles. This technique is always used in the Chinese film title translation for it can remain the phonetic fluency of original film titles to show its strong foreign flavor which may arouse the audience ’ s curiosity to explore what is exotic and unknown to them. Transliteration is adopted in the translation of the name of celebrities ， historic fi gures ， and well-known places ， historic events very familiar to the audienc e or full of historical and cultural eon-notations involved in the title is very familiar to the original audience. Transliteration of these film titles enables the target audience to know more about the original history and historical figures.. For instance ，Chinese films 《周恩来》 (1991) 、《林则徐》 (1959) 、《南京 大屠杀》 (1995) 、《阿诗玛》 (1964)were respectively translated into Zhou En lai, Lin Zexu ，Nanjing Massacre and Ashima. 5.2 Literal Translation As is acknowledged by many translators，the literal translation approach is the most important and most common translation method. By converting the grammatical constructions to their nearest equivalents, literal translation can preserve both the content and the form of the original to a maximum Because of some similarities between Chinese culture and western culture ， some film title s can be literally translated ，especially those film titles which matches the sto ry of a film perfectly, The following are some examples: 《手机》 (2003) Cell Phone, 《天下无贼》 (2004) A World Without Thieves, 《画皮》 (2008) Pain ted Skin. 5.3 Liberal Translation Owing to great differences between the Chinese and English cultures，liter al translation always fails to fulfill the communicative functions. Given this, translators may often adopt free translation. Free translation is an alternative approach that is used mainly to convey the meaning and the spirit of the original title without sticking to the form mechanically. The form of free translation ， rendering one sentence rather than one word at a time, is smuggled across the boundary between freedom and fidelity. It is a sense-for- sense translation. Strictly speaking ，with regard to their relations with the versions, it falls into two types: some versions may have some original titles ， the translated versions with the original in form ， in meaning or in pronunciation: others may deviat e from the original titles in both form and meaning. In the first type of versions ， two strategies are employed: the combination of transliteration and liberal translation and the combination of literal translation and liberal translation. In the second type of versions, adaptation is employed. 5.3.1 Combination of Transliteration and Liberal Translation As has been put , the pure“transliteration of film titles words can retain t he exotic flavor and the novelty of the original title ”. But it cannot show th e cultural features of the target language and cannot accord with foreign people’s psychology and their expressive values. Successful translated versions of film titles can at one time have the informative，expressive and vocative functi ons. How can a translator successfully achieve these functions at one time? The combination of transliteration and liberal translation can be regarded as an efficient solution. The technique of combining phonetic features and meanings is to deliberately add certain words with intended illustrative meanings to the transliteration. Let ’ s look at this example. The Chinese film 《 刮 痧 》(200 2) which tells a traditional Chinese treatment can find no equivalence in English. If we translate it, English version “ The Guasha ”can only show us that t his product is imported from foreign countries. Although it may give the target audience an exotic flavor ， no one knows what the film is about and it can not infuse the audience with any helpful information. The Guasha Treatment, translated by combining phonetic features and meanings ， will help the audienc e understand that it is a story of curing someone ’ s illness. This translation not only shows us its informative function but also presents us its vocative function. Another example: 《冼星海》 (1995)Xian Xinhai the Musician. 5.3.2 Combination of Literal Translation and Liberal Translation In some cases, the translation of film titles requires the combination of literal translation and liberal translation，which proves to be a very effective way. The advantage of the combination of literal and liberal translation is that literal translation can deliver the literal meaning of the title at the surface level, and at the same time liberal translation expresses the implied meaning of the title in a depth. Such a combination can transmit the message to the best extent a nd add to the artistic appeal of the title. Most successful renderings of Chinese film titles have fully demonstrated this. Look at the following example: 《大 腕》—“Big Shot’s Funeral ” .If we translate it into “ Top Notch ，， or “ Big Shot ”maybe it cannot arouse your interest or stimulate your desire for viewing. There are many people in the world who want to watch what a big shot ’ s funeral is like.The translator added the main plot of the film into the title ， which shows a more attractive one.“Big shot ’s Funeral”is more vivid than“Big Shot” . 5.3.3 Adaptation Adaptation means abandoning the content and form of the original film title ， and rewriting a new film title based on the content of the film. It’s a v ery creative job and many excellent translated versions has proved the feasibility of this strategy in film title translation. A number of successful creative English versions are listed as follows: 《似 水 流 年 )) (1984) Homecoming, 《初 恋时， 我们不懂爱情》 (1987) Is lt Love, 《离婚了，就别再来找我》 (1996) After Divorce.Due to the differences of culture and language between China and the west, the titles of each side differ in the following aspects. Chapter 6Conclusion Though the activity of translation has begun for a long time, books on systematic study of film title translation are not found up to now. There are some writings on this topic in some of the chapters of several books, such as Bao Human's Cultural Context and Linguistic Translation, Chen Hongwui's New Practical Translation Book from Chinese to English. Wu Min's article A Brief Analysis of English Film Title Translation probably is the first of its kind concerning film title translation which was published at core journal in 1995. Only two to three articles were published every year till 2001.After 2002 articles increased to six to seven, noticeably there were about thirty articles in 2005. The four representatives, whose papers are most frequently cited in the study of film title translation, are He Ning(何宁)(1998), He Ying(贺莺)(2001), Li Qun(李群)(2002), and Mao Fasheng(毛发生)(2002). He (1998) males a systematic study of the various factors translators should take into account, such as the original title, the content of the film, the acceptability of the audience in the target culture and cultural differences. He (2001) explores the functions of film titles and suggests that the translated film titles should be functionally equivalent to the original title. Her view has been considered as a breakthrough in the study of film title translation, because she introduces the concept of Functional Equivalence into this field and asserts that translators are no longer confined to the traditional Formal Equivalence theory. According to He Ning&He Ying(1998; 2001)，the translation needs to be source-text oriented and therefore the original title should be given priority to in the translation activity. Li (2002) takes a great step forward and introduces Functionalism into the field of film title translation. In his paper, the author proves the futility of traditional equivalence theory in explaining some excellently translated titles and proposes that the focus should fall on the taste of target language audiences for the primary Skopos of film title translation is to make the film title appealing to target audiences. Therefore, the priority of film title translation needs to be shifted to the target text and target culture. Mao (2002) presents a detailed analysis of the distinctive features of translated film titles in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan respectively and stresses that Skopostheorie should be effectively promoted to prevent the audience from getting confused when they are confronted with several translated versions of one single film title. However, these articles are more concerned with film title translation from English to Chinese than vice versa. We must realize that the success of Chinese film title translation will promote Chinese films into the world and foster the art communication between Chinese culture and that of the rest of the world. Thus, the study of it seems to be even more important. So, we should pay much more attention and do much to the field-Chinese film title translation. Bibliography [1] NIDA E. A ,Charles R. Taber. 1982. Theory and Practice Translation [M]. Bill, Leiden :E. J. [2]NIDA E. A. 1964. 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