1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。
typical adj. 典型的;特有的;象征性的['t?p?k(?)l]
grassland n. 草原;牧草地
dweller n. 居民,居住者['dw?l?]
continent n. 大陆,洲,陆地['k?nt?n?nt]
antelope n. 羚羊;羚羊皮革['?nt?l??p]
pronghorn n. [脊椎] 叉角羚;糜鹿['pr??h??n]
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century?
1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢?
comet n. [天] 彗星['k?m?t]
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。
anthropologist n. 人类学家;人类学者[,?nθr?'p?l?d??st]
universally adv. 普遍地;人人;到处[ju?n?'v??s?l?]
reflect vt. 反映;反射,照出;反省vi. 反射,映现;深思[r?'flekt] facial adj. 面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的n. 美容,美颜;脸部按摩['fe??(?)l] expression n. 表现,表示,表达;表情,脸色,态度[?k'spre?(?)n;]
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。Irritating adj. 刺激的;气人的;使愤怒的['?r?te?t??]
phenol n. 石碳酸,[有化] 苯酚['fi?n?l]
antiseptic n. 防腐剂,抗菌剂adj. 防腐的,抗菌的[?nt?'sept?k] discontinue vt. 停止;使中止vi. 停止,中断[d?sk?n't?nju?]
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。existence n. 存在,实在;生存[?g'z?st(?)ns]
profit-making adj. 营利的;有利可图的n. 营利;赚钱['pr?fit,meiki?] organization n. 组织;机构;体制;团体[,?rɡ?n?'ze??n]
consumer n. 消费者;用户,顾客[k?n'sju?m?]
desirable adj. 令人满意的;值得要的; 值得拥有的 [d?'za??r?b(?)l]
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
population n. 人口;[生物] 种群[p?pj?'le??(?)n]
locality n. 所在;位置;地点;地区;居民点[l?(?)'k?l?t?] transportation n. 运输;运输系统[tr?nsp??'te??(?)n]
disposal n. 处理;支配;清理[d?'sp??z(?)l]
refuse n. 垃圾;废物vt. 拒绝;不愿;抵制[r?'fju?z]
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。
effectively adv. 有效地,生效地;有力地[?'fekt?vl?]
employ vt. 使用,采用;雇用[?m'pl??;]
flowery adj. 花的;华丽的;绚丽的;多花的['fla??r?]
vague adj. 模糊的;含糊的;不明确的[ve?g]
obscure adj. 模糊的;晦涩的;昏暗的[?b'skj??]
meaning n. 意义;含义;意图
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
mechanized adj. 机械化的;呆板的['mek?naizd]
designer n. 设计师;谋划者[d?'za?n?]
attempt vt. 企图,试图;尝试n. 企图,试图;攻击[?'tem(p)t] personalize vt. 使个性化;把…拟人化['p??s(?)n(?)la?z]
severe adj. 严峻的;严厉的;剧烈的;苛刻的[s?'v??]
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。
libel n. 诽谤罪;诋毁;毁坏名誉的东西;控诉书['la?b(?)l] slander n. 诽谤;中伤;谣言['slɑ?n d?]
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
joints n. 连接,接头;关节 [d??int]
thigh n. 大腿,股[θa?] lower leg 小腿
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
acids n. 酸,酸类;有酸味的东西['?s?d]
compound vt. 合成;混合;和解妥协n.化合物;混合物['k?mpa?nd] solution n. 解决
方案
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;溶液;溶解;解答[s?'lu??(?)n] corrosive adj. 腐蚀的;侵蚀性的n. 腐蚀物[k?'r??s?v] action n. 行动;活动;功能;战斗;情节; 作用,影响,反应metals n. 金属;合金['met(?)l] dye n. 染料,染色vt. 染;把…染上颜色[da?]
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
reputation n. 名声,名誉;声望[repj?'te??(?)n]
rest vi. 休息;静止;依赖,依靠(常与on或upon连用);安置emotional adj. 情绪的;易激动的;感动人的[?'m???(?)n(?)l]
depth n. [海洋] 深度;深奥;(感情等的)深厚,深切[depθ]
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
essentially adv. 本质上;本来[?'sen?(?)l?]
abstract n. 摘要;抽象;抽象的概念adj. 抽象的;深奥的['?bstr?kt] symbolic adj. 象征的;符号的;使用符号的[s?m'b?l?k] representation n. 代表;表现;表示法;陈述[,repr?zen'te??(?)n]
conceive vt. 怀孕;构思;以为;持有[k?n'si?v]
reality n. 现实;实际;真实[r?'?l?t?]
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
communicate vi. 通讯,传达;感染vt. 传达;感染;显露[k?'mju?n?ke?t]
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐,农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存地方旺盛的生长。
irrigation n. 灌溉;[临床] 冲洗[,?r?'ge??n]
crop n. 产量;农作物;庄稼;平头
abundantly adv. 丰富地;大量地[?'b?nd(?)ntl?]
cactus n. 仙人掌 ['k?kt?s] (复数形式) cacti ['k?ktai]
sagebrush n. [植] 蒿属植物['se?d?br??]
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷,以便校准机械计时器。
mechanical adj. 机械的;力学的;呆板的[m?'k?n?k(?)l]
timepiece n. 钟等各种计时器['ta?mpi?s]
spur vt. 激励,鞭策[sp??]
accurate adj. 精确的['?kj?r?t]
sundial n. 日晷,日规['s?nda??l]
regulate vt. 调节,规定;控制;校准['regj?le?t]
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
anthropology n. 人类学[,?nθr?'p?l?d??]
rigorous adj. 严格的,严厉的;严密的['r?g(?)r?s]
method n. 方法;条理;类函数['meθ?d]
technique n. 技巧,技术;手法[tek'ni?k]
document vt. 用文件
证明
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n. 文件,公文['d?kj?m(?)nt] observation n. 观察;监视;观察
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[?bz?'ve??(?)n]
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解动物粪便。
fungus n. 真菌,霉菌;菌类['f??g?s] (复数) fungi ['f??ɡi?] process n. 过程,进行;方法,步骤;作用;程序['pr??ses]
decay n. 衰退,[核] 衰减;腐烂,腐朽[d?'ke?]
ingredient n. 原料;要素;组成部分[?n'gri?d??nt]
soil n. 土地;土壤
enhance vt. 提高;加强;增加[?n'hɑ?ns]
fertility n. 多产;肥沃;[农经] 生产力;丰饶[f?'t?l?t?]
decompose vt. 分解;腐烂[di?k?m'p??z]
debris n. 碎片,残骸['debri?]
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其音量经久不衰。
tuning n.调谐;调音,起弦;协调一致;起音,定音['tju?n??]
tone n. 语气;色调;音调;音色[t??n]
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。
pecan n. 美洲山核桃;美洲山核桃树[pi'k?n]
plentiful adj. 丰富的;许多的;丰饶的['plentiful]
Ohio [?u'hai?u] Illinois [,ili'n?i(z)]
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。
eliminate vt. 消除;排除[?'l?m?ne?t]
transfer vt. 使转移;调任vi. 转让;转学;换车[tr?ns'f??] blame vt. 责备;归咎于n. 责备;责任;过失
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
一个国家的主要食物是什么,大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。
chief adj. 首席的;主要的;主任的[t?i?f]
23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
在大量的实验中,某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。
trial n. 试验;审讯;努力;磨炼['tra??l]
event n. 事件,大事;项目;结果 [?'vent]
occur vi. 发生;出现;存在[?'k?:]
24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
大多数物质遇冷收缩,所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。
substance n. 物质;实质;资产;主旨['s?bst(?)ns]
contract vi. 收缩;感染;订约n.
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;婚约['k?ntr?kt] density n. 密度['dens?t?]
solid n. 固体;立方体adj. 固体的;可靠的;立体的['s?l?d] 25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。
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