颜料预分散的生产工艺

颜料预分散的生产工艺 颜料分散前的形态，通过生产过程得到的原始颜料称为湿滤饼，还需进一步商品化处理，包括粉碎和干燥等过程。在干燥过程中，较细的颜料颗粒会产生凝聚，使其粒径较原始颗粒大许多倍，因而不能直接用于着色，必须要进行分散处理。颜料的质量，除了色光、着色力、遮盖力、各种耐性等性能 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 以外，分散性或易研磨性是一项很重要的指标。颜料的分散性直接关系到所生产的油墨和涂料的色强、细度、光泽度等重要的质量指标，分散效果好的还可以缩短生产涂料时的研磨工时。 (一)颜料的分散 一般商品颜料颗粒是指比团聚体还大的粒子，粒径在250μm至750μm(相当于通过60至200目筛)。根据德国 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 协会(German Standard Organization)命名法，认为颜料颗粒状态可分为:原生颗粒、凝聚体和团聚体。原生颗粒(German Standard Organization)是单晶、块状、球形或微晶组成的大晶体形式存在;凝聚体(Aggregates)是由原生颗粒表面彼此吸附而成;团聚体(Agglomerates)是由原生颗粒或凝聚体疏松的组合，或者是这两者在边、角上相互吸附而成的混合物。 作为使用者来讲，任何商品形式的颜料都要求容易均匀分散，能制成持久稳定、无凝聚、无沉降的悬浮物料。上世纪七十年代以来，颜料的加工处理技术已有很大发展，包括颜料颗粒的表面处理和颗粒的晶相调整等，但还不能满足使用者对其的要求。 一般情况下，颜料的分散过程可以分为三步:润湿?细化?稳定化混合分散。 第一步是使用润湿剂润湿颜料，使颜料之间的凝聚力减小，便于第二步颜料的粉碎和细化。粉碎细化后的颜料进一步再做包覆处理，由于颜料经分散细分后，粒径减小，表面积增大，颜料表面自由能也增加，造成细化的颜料不稳定性。所以，当机械研磨能去除以后，颜料粒会再凝集起来。为此，在颜料研磨后形成新的表面时，在其表面应吸附一层包覆层，使颜料的表面能降低。当带有包覆层颜料的结合体再度碰撞就不会凝聚起来。降低新形成的接口表面能，以便在进一步加工时，不至于使颜料产生再凝聚现象。第三步是将细化后的颜料在熔体中能均匀分散。由于细化了的颜料表面积增加，进而表面能提高，导致颜料的稳定性降低，颜料之间就容易相互凝聚起来，从而使表面能降低至稳定的状态。由于吸附了一层包覆层，也使能量下降，比之前的状态要稳定，所以达到了颜料细化的目的。 (二)颜料分散的办法 大体上讲，颜料的分散 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 大致有下列三种:干混合法、融体剪切法和液体研磨法。干混合法是指颜料与树脂由低到高速强度下混合，颜料分散主要通过冲击研磨而实现的，其主要设备有高低速混合机;融体剪切法是指在捏合作用下，通过熔化树脂传递大剪切应力;液体研磨法则是指通过液态载体的冲击式剪切力来分散颜料。 目前，市场上能比较好地解决颜料分散性的产品主要有以下几种商品形式:预分散颜料色片、浆状颜料和色母粒等三种。除此之外，还有一些如色饼、色膏等针对性很强的产品。 real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of 一是由专业生产厂家将颜料加工成颜料色片(Pigmented chips，Color chips)。所谓颜料色片，也称固体色浆、色粒、干片、切片、预分散颜料，指的是颜料和指定载体树脂的固态均匀混合物，也就是预分散在树脂中的高浓度颜料。预分散颜料色片中的颜料含量比较高，根据体系的不同，一般可以在50-70%之间，载体树脂的含量比例在30-50%左右，某些如硝化棉(N/C)体系的颜料色片品种还含有环保的增塑剂。预分散颜料色片，等同于给油墨制造商按比例配制好的颜料和树脂，它可以被直接装入油墨配方，也可以先按色浆的要求先分散成半成品——色浆，再以色浆加入调墨油的形式混合制成油墨。由于预分散颜料可以很容易地在高速分散机上进行分散，其分散细度完全可以满足一般油墨的要求。由此可见，易分散性是它的最大优势。如果对油墨产品的细度要求很高，或者说要求有纳米级效果，可以对半成品色浆进行一次快速砂磨处理，得到的色浆性能可以用“极好的巅峰状态”来形容，不管是色泽、光泽和亮度都是无与伦比的。预分散颜料的市场推广应用，有一个价格因素在制约。笔者一直希望其能进行大规模的商品化生产，从源头上降低成本。如能和颜料生产厂家一起研究开发，不仅能从原材料成本上控制，更能从技术、服务上得到长足进展。 二是由颜料生产厂直接制成浆状颜料(色浆，Color paste)，由油墨、涂料生产厂在生产时直接加入配方使用，从而可以省却费时费力的研磨作业工序，得到效果比较满意的产品。典型意义上的浆状颜料(色浆)是指颜料生产厂将颜料湿滤饼，采取脱水步骤后，把颜料分散到各种基料中去，制成一种色浆。一般有机颜料比重小，色浆的颜料含量也较低;而无机颜料的比重大，则可达到较高的颜料含量。浆状颜料可保持颜料沉淀时的颗粒尺寸，特点是细度好、色泽也较鲜明、着色力也较高。 三是色母粒。色母粒(Color Master Batch)是指颜料按20%-80%的比例经研磨或双螺杆挤出均匀地分散到树脂中而制得的颜色颗粒，美国称之为颜料浓缩物(Pigment Concentration)或颜料制备物(Pigment Preparation)。它具有着色效果优越、便于自动计量和运输、节约能源、无粉尘、无污染等优点，在[wiki]塑料[/wiki]等材料的着色中应用普遍。这其中，载体是色母粒的重要组成部分，其作用是增强颜料与要着色的树脂之间的亲和力和提高着色组分与树脂的分散与混合。用茂金属催化法合成的树脂作载体能大大提高颜料在色母粒中的协同效应和分散性。由于颜料在色母粒中分散性提高，更可获得一个更均一的相，因此，可以做到颜料用量更少，却能同时保持高着色质量效果。这是因为茂金属催化法合成的树脂与Z-N催化法合成的树脂不同，茂金属催化法合成的树脂作载体能制备高浓度的色粒，颜料含量更可达80%。除此之外，色母粒中用茂金属催化法合成的树脂作载体，不仅会使着色容易，还能使色母粒产生美观感，而且对着色产品的力学性能也有改善，这是因为颜料分散好以后，结晶性可以提高，得到的制品的耐应力、开裂性能相应提高。 (三)颜料色片的生产与前景 1、生产颜料色片的主要方法 目前主要的通用方法有混炼法和挤水法。前者主要是将颜料和纤维素、增塑剂、稳定剂和树脂等混合后，在加热的混炼机上进行熔融混炼，直至均匀，然后拉成片状，冷却后，以粉碎机粉碎成预分散颜料色片。挤水法生产，则是通过对颜料滤饼和纤维素、增塑剂、稳定剂及树脂等混合后挤压，直至均匀，再将其进行脱水后处理，拉成片状，粉碎成颜料色片。 2、颜料色片的生产设备 real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of 深圳晨美颜料色母粒有限公司 主要生产塑胶颜料、色母粒、荧光粉、pvc色浆、 pvc/pu色片色砂、、硅胶色胶色母产品 及代客配色/抽粒加工服务。 主要的设备是开放式炼塑机，也称二辊机。它通过两个具有一定速度差的转动辊筒对物料进行混合、塑化。两辊相向旋转使物料在辊筒隙间受到强烈的挤压和剪切，从而达到颜料分散和混合均匀，混炼均匀出片后，冷却切粒即可。一般影响开炼机塑化质量的因素主要有:辊筒的温度、辊筒间距、前后辊筒速度、物料堆放量及混炼次数。该设备用于小型生产的较多，也有厂商用于生产色母粒和碳酸钙填充母粒。 3、颜料色片的发展方向 颜料色片的发展，和高性能的颜料发展一直是同步的。性能的卓越性、应用时的持久性和对供应链中所有部分高附加值的经济性是当今高档有机颜料的发展方向。比如，颜料紫23(PV23)，也被称为咔唑紫，它也许是仅次于酞菁蓝或酞菁绿颜料的可以用于世界上几乎所有用途的最重要的高性能颜料之一。颜料紫23呈现紫红的颜色，其特点是具有非常高的着色力，无与伦比的鲜亮色泽，以及在几乎所有塑料中很好的耐光性和耐热性。 在橙色与红色色泽区域中，最著名最流行的高性能颜料有喹吖啶、二萘嵌苯、索兰士林亮橙、二酮基吡咯并吡咯颜料，它们具有优异的耐光性和耐候性、高度热稳定性和令人满意的抗色移性。高性能颜料中杰出的一类是酞菁蓝和酞菁绿一类，它们具有优异的整体耐受性能以及热稳定性和色迁移稳定性。 在涂料、油墨的生产中，分散是一个复杂且耗费成本的过程。谁都希望在简化步骤的同时，能得到可重复生产的高色强度和高质量。在使用无机颜料的领域中，颜料色片很好地解决了性能不稳定、色浓度差、研磨费时等难题。颜料的易分散化是需求者最希望获得的特性，如奶粉和速溶咖啡的出现，只要搅拌就会很容易地分散于媒体中的颜料，是使用者最为理想的状态。可以不夸张地说，由于颜料色片的出现和表面处理的工业化发展，加上新型分散剂的开发和分散机的进步，颜料的分散变得比往年更加地容易了。本身，粉体颜料飞散所致粉尘污染，从作业环境来看绝不是一件好事，所以，通过颜料的珠粒化、颗粒化、片状化及添加飞散防止剂等手段，使得非飞散性且容易计量的颜料得以普及，这也是颜料色片生存和发展的土壤。 今后随着使用者需求的多样化，逐渐需要以多品种、少批量生产来迎合市场。由于多品种、少批量生产一定会提高制品的成本，所以，由特定颜料色片制造商集中生产颜料色片制品，各油墨制造商以自己的品牌和销售途径提供给需求者的方法会日趋增加，这是大势所趋。 4、颜料色片在开发、销售过程中的几个问题 real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relev地址:深圳市龙华新区观澜街道君新路国升工业园ant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) inE栋 the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of (1)印刷油墨工业在需要其性能时会采用高档有机颜料。就好比用红122来替代光稳定性不够的颜料红57;在需要降低铜含量时，用颜料蓝16和蓝79来替代颜料蓝15。这也就要求颜料色片生产厂家时时刻刻踏准节奏，及时推出适合市场的新产品。业内有学者指出，未来有机颜料的发展趋势无怪乎以下几个方面:新型化学结构的有机颜料、金属络盐颜料、偶合(Co-coupling)偶氮颜料、固溶体颜料、粒度分布调整颜料、结晶形调整颜料、颜料改质剂，这同时也是给颜料色片指明了一条道路。 (2)当然，我们也不希望看到一窝蜂地上颜料色片生产线，毕竟这是只有在制造中高档油墨时油墨生产商才会考虑的。省工省时、性能超群是一点不假，但国内真正能理解的还是不多，推广应用起来还是有一定的困难。许多新开业的颜料色片生产厂家开工率不足，就是很好的一个说明。 有句俗话:中国人想要的一定贵，中国人能做的一定便宜。我们不希望这句话在颜料色片生产领域也一样的应验。在低层次地领域竞争，只会对这个行业产生最负面的影响。图一时之利的后果大家一定都明白。 从有外资背景的珠海芳迪亚(Frontier printing inks Zhuhai)1996年建厂开始，虽然国内对颜料色片的研究开发已有近10年的历史，由于一直以国外市场为主要的终端客户，在国内还没有形成潮流之势。 星星之火，可以燎原。 从笔者浅显地经验来讲，我国颜料色片工业可用一句话概括:发展快、差距小、前景广。颜料色片在国外发展也只不过几十年的历史，中国改革开放使我国颜料色片工业一起步就紧跟世界发展的潮流。芳迪亚全套引进了世界先进生产设备和生产技术，进口质量优异的颜料和分散剂，可以生产世界一流水平的颜料色片。因此可以说中国颜料色片工业水平与世界水平差距不大。然而中国与外国颜料色片工业不同，国外颜料色片工业由极少数的几个跨国公司垄断生产，反观国内，我国颜料色片生产还没有形成凝聚的核心力量。相反由于中国知识产权保护不力，市场竞争规则不齐全，导致颜料色片生产厂家如雨后春笋般的诞生，特别在珠三角，质量参差不齐，给油墨业内客户造成中国颜料色片整体水平不高的错觉。加上众多厂家参与市场竞争，一定会导致颜料色片价格不断振荡向下，以致于投资中国的国外公司也不得不参于颜料色片价格大战。对使用者而言，色片不同于一般的生活资料，并非越便宜越好，他们要求的是质量性价比优异的产品，一味地在价格上做文章，是非长久之计。 随着颜料色片行业竞争加剧，中国颜料色片工业将被迫进入调整，其必将按照世界发展规律运行，一场真正的较量也将会烽烟四起。 (四)色浆的生产和前景 1、浆状颜料的品种 一种颜料可以同多种基料配成含不同基料的色浆，反而言之，多种颜料又可以同一种基料配成色谱齐全的各种色浆，由此可见，每一种基料可以形成一个系列。如以中油度豆油醇酸树脂为例，可以配成黑、黄、桔黄、红、紫红、红紫、蓝、绿等各类浆状颜料，其中黄、红、蓝的大类，又可以选用不同色相、不同耐性的颜料品种，形成一类含有接近,,个的浆状颜料品种。 real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of 深圳晨美颜料色母粒有限公司 主要生产塑胶颜料、色母粒、荧光粉、pvc色浆、 pvc/pu色片色砂、、硅胶色胶色母产品 及代客配色/抽粒加工服务。 配制浆状颜料的基料，除了上述的中油度醇酸树脂以外，也可以是短油度醇酸树脂、长油度的亚麻油醇酸树脂、不干性短油醇酸树脂、热塑性丙烯酸树脂以及增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、烃类的氯化物等溶剂，甚至有加入非离子型表面活性剂的水。所选用的颜料有碳黑、异吲哚啉黄、透明氧化铁黄、单偶氮黄、偶氮红、苝红、铁蓝、α稳定性型酞菁蓝、β型酞菁蓝、酞菁绿、二噁嗪紫等耐性高的品种。为了解决粉尘飞扬，也有把在生产或使用中易造成职业中毒的有毒颜料品种如铅铬黄、钼铬红、锌铬黄、铬酸锶等制成色浆，从而解决车间的劳动保护问题。实际上几乎所有的颜料品种都可能制成色浆，因此浆状颜料开发的空间是很大的。 浆状颜料除用于水性涂料以外，也用于溶剂型油漆行业、橡胶行业，以及化纤着色、塑料行业等。各种用途有其特殊的要求，如水浆钛白已用于造纸行业，由于其使用方便、可用槽车运输、成本低，已推广到其它造纸用的填充料生产中。 2、浆状颜料的生产过程简述 浆状颜料的生产要用颜料挤水的工艺，即颜料在沉淀之后经过吸滤或压滤的工序，先形成含颜料份在,,—,,,的颜料滤饼，不经过干燥直接使颜料颗粒表面 从水相转向非水相。颜料挤水的工艺就是将颜料滤饼加入至非水相的基料如油、溶剂、树脂等中，在捏和机中进行捏和，直至基料进入颜料颗粒表面成为厚浆，而将水排出在厚浆之外。大量的排出水可以倾出，剩余的水分可在真空条件下在,,摄氏度左右全部排出。有些颜料的亲水性较强，可以通过适当添加一些表面活性剂，来帮助排水。 捏和机属一类通用机械，有一对强力的Z字体的卧式搅拌浆，因物料的粘性大，转速不能太快，功率消耗也较高。捏和机里有倾角的装置，可以及时倾出所排出的水分，并有密封盖，可以抽真空，有夹套可供加热。捏和机的物料容积一般为,立方米的，也有达到,立方米的大型机。 制成的浆状颜料需经过测试，确定颜料份、水分含量，并在类似捏和机的混和设备中添加定量的基料，使包装前的浆状颜料，其颜料含量在规定范围之内，合格后进行包装。捏和机械设备庞大，添置不易，所以又有其它的挤水设备出现，如采用排水槽、排水锅等设备，也能制成浆状颜料，但排水效率不及捏和机。 有些昂贵的有机颜料以异丙醇作为颜料含水滤饼的洗涤剂，等水分全部进入溶剂中，则含溶剂的颜料滤饼就可直接分散到树脂基料之中，洗涤用的含水溶剂可经过分馏而回收再用。此外，也可直接以超微细度的粉末颜料，加入到高粘度的基料中，经过高速搅拌，制成浆状颜料。所有的这些，说明制造浆状颜料的工艺，还在不断改进发展之中。如采用高速分散、以及高效新型的分散设备，有可能制出低成本、高质量的浆状颜料。 3、浆状颜料生产和开发的前景 real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relev地址:深圳市龙华新区观澜街道君新路国升工业园ant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) inE栋 the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of 浆状颜料是颜料生产厂家深加工后的一种商品化产品。由于易于分散，节约了油墨、涂料生产厂的研磨时间和生产成本，理应能受到涂料等行业的欢迎。但到当前为止，除了铝粉浆以外，市场上供应的浆状料寥寥无几，有些浆状颜料是以干粉颜料在砂磨机加工分散成厚的色浆，而非以颜料滤饼的挤水工艺制成。 在市场经济日趋成熟的形热下，涂料厂对颜料厂产质量的要求也越来越高，市场竞争加剧，只有高质量的产品才会有销路。为了开发适销对路的产品，颜料厂家应尽快把开发浆状颜料安排到开发新产品的议事日程上来。 浆状颜料虽非新生事物，但发展的空间应该说不小，特别是在有毒有害含有重金属的无机颜料，如铅铬黄、钼铬红、锌铬黄等，应尽快制浆状商品，以避免在生产和使用中出现的员工中毒现象。浆状颜料，的确可以说是一项具有方向性的措施。除了水性涂料可用浆状颜料外，溶剂型油漆行业也需要浆状颜为，只要把相应的基料换成各类调漆油即可。此外，橡胶行业也可用浆状颜料着色，塑料行业用含有相应用增塑剂的浆状颜料会非常方便，将成为必不可少的着色剂。因此，浆状颜料的发展前景是很广阔的。 4、浆状颜料开发过程中应注意的几个方面 浆状颜料的品种繁多，每种基料可自成系列，如无现代化的科学管理方法跟上去，很难制成客户满意的品种。浆状颜料的保存期又短于粉状颜料，在销售环节上也要缩短保存期，保管上也因含有易燃物品(如油类、溶剂、树脂等)，有防火的要求。所以对出口不利，最好是在国内对口使用。 浆状颜料应制定出合理的产品标准，如含颜料的百分比，颜料、基料的品种也应向客户清楚交代。各项指标如着色力、遮盖力及各种耐性指标应达到或超过原粉状颜料的指标，绝不容许粗制滥造，使客户上当，砸了浆状颜料的牌子。再说生产了不合格的浆状颜料，销不出去，长期堆放在仓库中，必然会变质报废，造成不必要的经济损失。为了开发客户需要的对路产品，颜料技术人员也应熟悉涂料及有关行业的生产技术，使产品在出厂之前就能做 好多项应用试验，以充实的资料向客户推荐，在听取客户的意见前提下，不断改进产品的内在质量，根据客户的需要继续开发新的品种，保证客户能满意，同时也使自己产品的销路有保证。 (五)色母粒的生产和前景 1、制造和使用色母粒的优势 (1)使添加剂具有良好的分散状态。许多添加剂必须均匀分散于树脂中，才能显示它的功效。因此有些添加剂在使用前要进行预处理——即分散处理。例如颜料，它在塑料中显色，完全是依靠它的颗粒表面对可见光选择性吸收与反射的效应。因此颜料的颗粒大小，就对塑料着色力起了很大的影响。又例如紫外线吸收剂，若加入到塑料制品中不能很好分散，就不会有理想的紫外线吸收效果，必须增大添加量，则将会引起成本的增加。经过预处理的颜料或添加剂，它在储存中会因吸收水分而絮凝，使着色力和效力下降。因此，必须分散固定于载体树脂中制作成母粒，就可以保持颜料配色的稳定，使添加剂保持效能的最大发挥。 (2)保持添加剂的化学稳定性。有些添加剂直接与空气长期接触，会发生氧化、吸潮等问题。因此做成母粒可以起到品质的长期保持作用。因为树脂基本起到了将它和空气、水分隔离的作用。 real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of 深圳晨美颜料色母粒有限公司 主要生产塑胶颜料、色母粒、荧光粉、pvc色浆、 pvc/pu色片色砂、、硅胶色胶色母产品 及代客配色/抽粒加工服务。 (3)保持正确稳定的添加量。从加工工艺上来说，粉末状的添加剂和树脂因两者颗粒相差较大，因此常常发生添加量不均匀的现象。而母粒与树脂颗粒直径相近，因此添加量可以保持稳定。 (4)添加工艺方便，保持环境清洁，有利于生产高品质的制品。 2、色母粒的组成 色母粒是一种高浓并高效的颜料配制品。即采用特殊处理技术将颜料高浓度均匀稳定的散在载体树脂中。一般而言色母粒的主要组成为着色剂，分散剂，载体三大部分。 (1)着色剂:顾名思义这是色母粒最主要的组成部分。聚烯烃(俗称软胶)色母粒采用着色剂是颜料。根据用途不同选择各种不同性能颜料，其中包括有机颜料和无机颜料。 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 塑料(俗称硬胶)色母粒可采用溶剂染料和部分高级有机颜料及部分耐高温的无机颜料。一般来说染料不可用于聚烯烃着色，否则会引起严重迁移，如要使用必须非常慎重并注意控制用量。 (2)分散剂:分散剂主要对颜料表面进行润湿，有利于颜料进一步分散，并稳定在树脂中。同时它必须与树脂相溶性好，不影响着色产品品质。软胶分散剂一般采用低分子聚乙烯，硬脂酸锌等。硬胶色母粒分散剂一般采用有极性低分子量聚乙烯，硬脂酸镁等。 (3)载体:载体是使颜料均匀分布并使色母粒呈颗粒状。选择载体需考虑与被着色树脂的相容性，还要考虑色母粒应有良好分散性。因此载体的流动性应大于被着色树脂，同时被着色后不影响产品质量。一般载体树脂可采用分子量低于被着色树脂同类聚合物。 有的色母粒为了特殊需求，其组成还有一些添加剂。为了提高色母粒的耐热性，耐晒性可加入抗氧剂1010，DLTP ，264等。为了提高色母粒的耐光性，耐老化性，可加入抗紫外剂，如UV531，UV326等。 3、主要的生产工艺 根据颜料分散的基本理论应运而生各种色母粒加工设备和生产工艺。主要解决颜料的润湿，分散，分散稳定性。其追求目标是高质量，高产量，低能耗，低成本。对林林总总的加工工艺概括而言主要为干法生产工艺法和湿法生产工艺法。 干法生产工艺法主要是利用助剂对颜料表面进行处理，利用树脂熔体粘度对颜料进行剪切，分散，混 real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relev地址:深圳市龙华新区观澜街道君新路国升工业园ant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) inE栋 the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of 炼的稳定化处理。目前最典型的是高速混合机和双螺杆挤出机配套加工工艺以及密炼机加工工艺。 湿法生产工艺法则是利用介质(溶剂和水)采用机械力将颜料进行超细分散及表面润湿处理。利用颜料亲油的特性，采用转相技术将颜料转入分散剂相并稳定化。目前最典型为捏和转相法和三辊油墨法。 其生产原理:以水为介质，将颜料聚乙烯腊和表面活性剂在一定转速、温度、PH值，使已分散的颜料从水相转入油相，并被聚乙烯腊包覆，形成0.1至3mm粒子。北京某树脂研究所全套引进了流水线及生产技术后并成功采用国产颜料。采用该工艺 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 生产半制品------颜料预分散料供应上市，取得良好经济效益。该工艺生产的产品质量好，主要用于PP纤维纺丝色母，相对成本较高。 熔体剪切法就是通过树脂传递高剪切应力，从而达到分散目的的方法。通常塑料在其接近软化点时，能产生很大的内部剪切应力。密炼机工艺就是采用上述原理。其两个转子呈羽翼形，当两个转子相向转动时，可使物料上下和左右翻滚进行混炼，并使物料产生大的摩擦力。剪切力使颜料凝聚体被切割、拉开和分散。由于混炼时，上顶栓落下，密闭加压，从而使物料混合均匀。熔融剪切分散的好坏与能否产生合适的剪切力有关，而剪切力大小是与聚合物的粘度成正比，聚合物的粘度又直接取决于加工温度，因此选择合适温度直接影响颜料分散的好坏其产品质量与比能(消耗电压,产出量)和剪切速率(螺杆与密炼室最小间隙,螺杆最大线速度)有关。该工艺最适用于碳黑母粒生产。世界最大黑色母粒生产厂如美国卡博特公司(CABOT)就采用该工艺路线。 4、色母粒的发展方向 我国塑料行业的快速发展必将带动色母粒行业的发展，色母粒产品具有广阔的应用前景。色母粒向颜料高浓度方向发展以降低最终产品的着色成本，色母粒与添加剂相结合开发多功能的产品是色母粒今后的发展方向。针对该产品的生产现状，色母粒行业协会拟提出以下建议: (1)国内生产企业应联合上游企业和科研究院校开发适于色母粒应用的颜料和分散剂，增加产品品种，提高产品的技术含量，使色母粒产品向高质量方向发展。 (2)色母粒生产企业应充分利用色母粒专业委员会提供的信息，加强沟通和合作，制订行业标准，净化市场，使竞争变得有序，促进行业健康发展。 (3)市场对色母粒需求的特征表现为高度的分散化和专门化，生产企业应对市场需求进行细化，拓宽色母粒产品的应用领域，开发多功能和高技术含量的色母粒产品，以满足市场的需要。 (4)中国融入WTO以后，国外企业纷纷进入中国市场，这些企业在为我国色母粒行业注入新活力的同时也加剧了市场的竞争，国内企业只有不断完善自我，不断创新，在提高产品的技术含量上下功夫，才能在竞争中立于不败之地。 有业内专家不客气地指出，目前国内色母粒行业开工不足，其原因在于，除新建生产装置增速过快，产品订单不足等市场客观因素外，还有一重要的主观因素，即国产色母粒产品结构单一，品种不全，通用型产品占据很大比重，而高浓度和超高浓度、多功能性色母粒和细纤维用色母粒所占比重较少。反观色母粒技术水平较高的国外，颜料、分散剂等原材料品种齐全，已形成了系列化和专业公产品结构。所以，我国色母粒生产企业应苦练内功，拓宽现有原材料和辅助原材料的应用范围，开发高技术real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of 深圳晨美颜料色母粒有限公司 主要生产塑胶颜料、色母粒、荧光粉、pvc色浆、 pvc/pu色片色砂、、硅胶色胶色母产品 及代客配色/抽粒加工服务。 含量的色母粒产品，这是国内色母粒生产企业摆脱发展困境的有效途径。 (六)小结 未来颜料分散将朝着多功能化、高颜料含量和高技术含量方向发展。生产企业应提高产品的技术含量，使其产品向高质量方向发展，尽快多开发新品，拓宽应用领域，使多功能和高技术含量的颜料预分散颜料产品全力满足市场的需要，满足国内所有下游。 real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relev地址:深圳市龙华新区观澜街道君新路国升工业园ant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) inE栋 the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of