基于单片机的dc_dc升压电路设计与仿真（Design and Simulation of dc_dc boost circuit based on single chip microcomputer）

基于单片机的dc_dc升压电路 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 与仿真（Design and Simulation of dc_dc boost circuit based on single chip microcomputer） 基于单片机的dc_dc升压电路设计与仿真(Design and Simulation of dc_dc boost circuit based on single chip microcomputer) Thick layer substrate vegetation protection construction method Twenty Bureau of China Railway Group Company four I. Introduction Thick layer substrate vegetation is organic planting material by using special equipment containing plant seeds sprayed into the slope, slope ecological technology enables the rapid restoration of the natural vegetation slope. Yu highway three is located in the Qiandongnan mountainous area, the highway construction on the surrounding natural environment destruction, in order to protect the ecological environment, to determine the stability of the cutting slope above the two level, the spray vegetation protection technology of thick layer of substrate, based on satisfying the slope protection, rapid restoration of natural vegetation, improve highway greening coverage. Soft rock substrate protection technology for weathered rock, soil less and slope soil hardness is high, especially suitable for planting not bad geological environmental hygiene. This method to solve the slope protection and ecological governance, the effect is very obvious. Two, construction characteristics 1. simple structure, applicable to a wide range of slope rapidly. The 2. substrate erosion resistance, rapid restoration of natural vegetation. 3. easy construction, simple process, reasonable cost, extensive management, maintenance free. Three, scope of application This method is suitable for the annual rainfall of more than 600mm, the whole stability of slope and the non alpine region only developed stone falling or weathering bad geological phenomena such as stable slope spalling. Four, construction technology (a) basic principle The greening substrate processing subgrade slope, mainly using the laying of composite mesh is fixed, the vegetation greening substrate after mixing, the conventional concrete spraying equipment to spray on the slope, the formation of green substrate near 10cm thickness. After the injection, covered with a layer of non-woven waterproof moisture, after a period of time for water conservation, grass covered slope, forming a stable protective layer with certain strength, the slope greening effect. (two) process This method is the main construction process. The construction of gutter and drainage ditch; the clean and smooth slope; the laying fixed composite mesh; the mixing substrate; the substrate will cover injection; non-woven fabrics; water, maintenance. (three) construction preparation This method in addition to routine preparation of construction, according to the requirements of design drawings to further prepare the site survey, to understand the characteristics of local climate conditions and the local self advantages of plant communities, according to the geological condition and slope ratio, reasonable selection of vegetation seed ratio and soil network model. At the same time, the need for further check the drawings, job training of personnel, familiar with the design standards, quality standards and construction standards. (four) construction method 1. building gutter and drainage ditch: setting the drainage in the vertical slope, slope, road around the code. 2. cleaning: remove the flat slope surface slope sediment, pumice, destroyed the prominent rock, make the slope as smooth as possible, and then the high-pressure water cleaning slope make the slope to completely combine vegetation concrete and rock. 3. laying fixed composite net: fixed network to enhance the laying of composite slope reinforcement strength, the formation of a mixture of vegetation. First install the 12mm steel anchor on the slope, according to the 1m x 1m cross anchor, anchor length 100~120cm. Then according to the design requirements of high strength geogrid hanging on the bolt, tension leveling, slope platform used in mortar rubble pressure side, ensure stable geotexile. 4.: according to the size of the vegetation mix mixture mixer, according with vegetation greening substrate than the mixing measurement. The substrate mixed injection before crushing and drying soil, humus and sieve containing available fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, binder, water retaining agent, stabilizer, stirring to the slope by the concrete spraying machine spray. Jet mixing layer in the surface layer when mixed with seeds. 5. spray greening substrate: according to the distance and adjust the spray gun on the rock surface, in the head of the gun, by high pressure pump water sprayed into the substrate, when the injection amount of water should maintain the vegetation concrete does not flow. Into the base layer and the surface layer even two leveling. 6.: spray layer covered with non-woven fabrics in the surface layer, covering 28g/m2 non-woven fabric moisture to create fast seed germination environment. 7. water conservation: in the maintenance period should be kept in moist vegetation concrete. Water spray nozzle spraying equipment should be used to prevent mobile, high pressure water spray directly. Seed plant mixed cold season turfgrass species succession after germination, with other species after germination. 50 days of grass turf, completely covered in rock slope. Then basically do not need manual maintenance, natural growth. Five, the construction technical requirements (a) green material selection Qiandongnan area with plenty of rainfall, warm and humid climate, so the first substrate with anti rain erosion performance, in order to ensure plant growth before forming is not washed; second, must ensure that the formation of base material mixture aggregate structure of the jet, with soil aggregate structure, can coordinate water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other factors of fertility that is the most suitable plant growth soil structure, generally use the sand content in lower soil, soil to keep dry, crushing and sieving, meet the requirements of spray anchor machine. Third, must ensure the long-term effectiveness of the plant nutrients, vegetation community health stable formation in the slope will not occur until the nutrient depletion phenomenon, so the addition of organic fertilizer, straw, distiller's grains and other materials, will be added according to the proportion of humus. According to the above requirements and the local geological and climatic conditions, determine the substrate ratio (see Table 1) Table 1 substrate mix amount (kg) Soil humus available fertilizer slow-release fertilizer water stabilizer 90 10 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.1 binder 0.3 (two) of plant seed selection The plant growth is affected by environmental restrictions, plant varieties should be selected according to local conditions, choose more suitable for local climate varieties, we should pay attention to choose drought resistance, resistance and ecological niche of different varieties. Usually the cold season grasses and warm season turfgrass mixtures, can be complementary advantages in terms of nutrition and stress resistance, to ensure that the evergreen, achieve good soil and water conservation and green coverage rate of 100%, greening effect. Table selection and dosage of 2 hybrid seeds slope greening substrate The amount of plant species (kg) percentage (%) of plant species amount (kg) percentage (%) of water-saving grass 0.120 bluegrass 0.0510 bermudagrass 0.1225 white clover ryegrass 0.0715 0.0510 Eragrostis 0.0510 high 0.0610 sheep taro (three) injection, planting material technology Because of the slope and the geological conditions are different, the substrate must choose injection injection method according to the situation. When you try to start the injection spray, to adjust the optimum distance of nozzle and slope and the best jet angle, different geological conditions and different slope of the slope, the jet substrate distance and angle are not the same, the smaller the hardness of rock slope slope, the closer the distance between the nozzle and the vertical angle of the rock and soil slope the nozzle is far from the slope. (four) maintenance Injection and early maintenance after construction is the main part of plant seeds can germinate uniformly and healthy growth, when the jet material after the final set, every day to mist spray; in a week or so in the substrate after plant emergence in the water can be added to the amount of fertilizer, water gradually wide, until the plant cover slope, and root rock plant joint development. Six, equipment and labor organizations see Table 3 and table 4 Table 3 equipment table The number of name type number name type 1 grinder 25 handdrill YT-28 32 mixer L-350 16 high pressure pump 23 air compressor BH-12/7 17 basket 24 concrete jetting machine PZ-5B 18 platform 100kg 1 Table 4 labor organization form Number 1 in command of the 1 Division of the number of types of on-site command and coordination of 2 technicians and 1 construction technical guidance 3 test 1 Test 4 1 security guards on duty 5 safety inspection and mechanic, electrical equipment, electrical appliance repair 1 deployment of 6 concrete spraying 4 injection material seven, 10 7 general construction quality control (a) quality inspection Content: the bolt shifting force, compactness of grouting, lap geogrid, fixing and tensioning, substrate ratio, substrate thickness of injection. The construction quality control index is shown in Table 5 Table 5 construction quality control index Quality inspection method standard serial number check item 1 geogrid lap width is larger than 30cm with 2% measurement, sampling 2 bolt pulling force greater than the design value according to bolt number 1%, and not less than 3 pieces do pull out tests of 3 jet thickness thickness design value; sampling point 60% more than the design value; minimum thickness not less than the design value of 0.5 check every 10 meters a section, check every 3 meters 1 points, with 4 fixed space grid to determine the thickness of punctured 1m 240m sampling 4% eight, safety measures 1. to strengthen the safety education for construction personnel, establish the idea of "safety first, the construction of civilization. 2. to establish and improve the safety leadership, a clear division of responsibility to the people. 3. set the duty system, check carefully checked before work, after work, check in. Nine, benefit analysis 1. labor saving equipment, less investment, can save costs and reduce cost. 2. materials in clay humus content, can use local materials, reduce the cost of 20%. The operations of the 3. wide, subject to outside interference, easy to organize, improve work efficiency, shorten the construction period. Ten, engineering example Jade three highway Shanghai Rui main line highway Guizhou section, designed for the mountainous area highway closed. The Ministry of construction in the section I cut a low cut, high 40m, the maximum excavation slope ratio 1:0.75, with strong geological weathering of dolomite and limestone. Because the project period mainly for cutting, serious damage to the surrounding environment, to ensure the highway greening coverage, according to the results of field geological investigation, determine the use of substrate protection technology for subgrade protection in rock slope stability area. Co injection 12460m2 substrate, due to the reasonable application of green material formulation, plants grow fast, fast growth. Due to the reasonable collocation of plant growth characteristics by seed mixing, showed good performance in drought resistance, disease and insect resistance of plant growth, 40 days of grass turf, completely covered in rock slope, then basically without manual maintenance, natural growth. More than six months, after sun exposure, exposed to wind and rain, there are no substrate cracks and shedding phenomenon, natural plant grew well and showed no degradation phenomenon. Author: Xiaoping Zhang Tao Du Zhijun Zhuang Method returns Reporting unit: (Chapter) Method name of thick layer substrate vegetation protection construction method construction enterprise written number categories Xiaoping Zhang Tao Du Zhijun Zhuang identification audit method development or promotion unit of China Railway twenty Bureau Group Fourth Engineering Company of science and technology achievements (evaluation) and unit time science and technology achievement award promotion application level and economic benefits of time and labor saving, with less equipment investment, saving the cost of reducing the cost of materials; clay humus content large, can use local materials, reduce the cost of 20%; operation skill, subject to outside interference, easy to organize, improve work efficiency, shorten the construction period. This method is introduced based on the reporting unit opinion jade highway three geographical features, the stability of the cutting slope by more than two, spraying vegetation protection technology of thick layer of substrate, based on satisfying the slope protection, rapid restoration of natural vegetation, improve the green coverage rate, to solve the slope protection and ecological governance, effect very obvious. The clear, argument is sufficient, to play a guiding role in similar construction in the future. The group agreed to declare company method. Group Company Evaluation opinion PAGE PAGE 3 ***[JimiSoft: Unregistered Software ONLY Convert Part Of File Read Help To Know How! To Register.]***